TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
Pronouns in-arabic4
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ٌلﺼﱠﺘﻤ
Connected
Attached to
verbs showing
the subject
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ARABIC PRONOUNS
ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ
The Pronoun
ٌلﺼﱠﺘﻤ
Connected
Attached to
nouns,verbs
& particles
ﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ
Hidden
Object
Pronoun
Page 1
ٌلﺼﹶﻔﹾﻨﻤ
Separate
Object
Pronoun
Subject
Pronouns
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In Arabic we have 3 types of pronouns: separate, attached and hidden.
1- The Separate Pronoun ٌلﺼﹶﻔﹾﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ
We call them separate as they occur separated, i.e. not connected to a noun, or
a verb or a particle. They are of two forms:
First form: Separate pronouns which are very common and come mostly at
the beginning of a sentence ٌﺃﺩﹶﺘﺒﻤ
ٍ
(1st
person)
The person who speaks
ﻡﱢﻠﹶﻜﹶﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍ
I m/f. s َﺃﹶﺎﻨ
We m/f. d/p ﹶﻨﺤﻥ
(2nd person)
The person you speak to
ﺏﹶﻁﹶﺎﺨﻤﹾﻝﺍ
You m. s َﺃﹾﻨﹶﺕ
You f. s َﺃﹾﻨﺕ
You m/f. d َﺃﹾﻨﹸﺘﺎﻤ
You m. p َﺃﹾﻨﹸﺘﻡ
You f. p َﺃﹾﻨﹸﺘﻥ
(3rd person)
The person you speak about
ﺏِﺌﹶﺎﻐﹾﻝﺍ
He/ it m. s ﻫﻭ
She/ it f. s ﻲﻫ
They m/f. d ﻫﻤﺎ
They m. p ﻫﻡ
They f. p ﻥﻫ
Masculine (m.) ﱠﺭﻜﹶﺫﻤ
Feminine (f.) ﻤﹲﺙﱠﻨَﺅ
Singular (s.) ﺩﺭﹾﻔﻤ
Dual (d.) ﱠﻰﻨﹶﺜﻤ
Plural (p.) ﻊﻤﺠ
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Second form: They come only as the object of a verb, if we want to
emphasize that object, by putting it before the verb.
(1st
person)
The person who speaks
ﻡﱢﻠﹶﻜﹶﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍ
I m/f. s ﻱﺎﻴِﺇ
We m/f. d/p ﹶﻨﺎﻴِﺇﺎ
(2nd person)
The person you speak to
ﺏﹶﻁﹶﺎﺨﻤﹾﻝﺍ
You m. s ﻙﺎﻴِﺇ
You f. s ﺎﻴِﺇﻙ
You m/f. d ﺎﻴِﺇﻤﹸﻜﺎ
You m. p ﺎﻴِﺇﻡﹸﻜ
You f. p ﻥﹸﻜﺎﻴِﺇ
(3rd person)
The person you speak about ﺏِﺌﹶﺎﻐﹾﻝﺍ
He/ it m. s ﻩﺎﻴِﺇ
She/ it f. s ﺎﻴِﺇﻫﺎ
They m/f. d ﻤﻫﺎﻴِﺇﺎ
They m. p ﻡﻫﺎﻴِﺇ
They f. p ﻥﻫﺎﻴِﺇ
x8$§ƒÎ)߉ç7÷ètΡx8$§ƒÎ)uρÚÏètGó¡nΣ∩∈∪〈Ex.
You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each and
everything)
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2- The Attached Pronoun ٌلﺼﱠﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ
They are also called “Pronouns Suffixes” as they come at the end of the word.
The Attached Pronoun in Arabic is of two forms:
First form: Attached to nouns, verbs and particles
ٌلﺼﱠﺘﻤ
لﻌﻔﹾﻝﹺﺎﺒ
ﻥِﺈﹺﺒ ٌلﺼﱠﺘﻤ ٌلﺼﱠﺘﻤ
ﺭﺠﹾﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺤﹺﺒ
ٌلﺼﱠﺘﻤ
ﹺﺒﹴﻡﺎﺴ
ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ
لﺼﱠﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ
ُلﺼﹶﻔﹾﻨﻤﹾﻝﺍ
Object
attached
to
the verb
Attached
to ِﺇﻥ
Attached to
prepositions
Attached
to nouns Attached
Pronoun
Separate
Pronoun
ﻡﱢﻠﹶﻜﹶﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍ
(1st
person)
ﻨﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻲ ِﻨﱠﻨِﺇﻲ/ﱢﻨِﺇﻲ ِﻝﻲ ﹺﺒﺘﺎﻜﻲ ...ِﻲـ ﹶﻨَﺃﺎ I m/f. s
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﹶﻨﺎ ﱠﻨِﺇﹶﻨﺎ/ﺇﱠﺎﻨ ﹶﻝﹶﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﹶﻨﺎ ...ﹶﻨـﺎ ﻥﺤﹶﻨ We m/f. d/p
ﺏﹶﻁﹶﺎﺨﻤﹾﻝﺍ
(2nd
person)
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻙ ﱠﻨِﺇﻙ ﹶﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻙ ...ﻙـ ﹶﺕﹾﻨَﺃ You m. s
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻙ ِﺇﱠﻨﻙ ﹶﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻙ ...ﻙـ ﺕﹾﻨَﺃ You f. s
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﹸﻤﺎﻜ ﱠﻨِﺇﻤﹸﻜﺎ ﹶﻝﻤﹸﻜﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻤﹸﻜﺎ ...ﻤﹸﻜـﺎ ﹸﻤﺎﺘﹾﻨَﺃ You m/f. d
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻡﹸﻜ ﱠﻨِﺇﻡﹸﻜ ﹶﻝﻡﹸﻜ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻡﹸﻜ ...ﻡﹸﻜـ ﻡﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃ You m. p
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻥﹸﻜ ﱠﻨِﺇﻥﹸﻜ ﹶﻝﻥﹸﻜ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻥﹸﻜ ...ﻥﹸﻜـ ﻥﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃ You f. p
ﺏِﺌﹶﺎﻐﹾﻝﺍ (3rd
person)
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻪ ﱠﻨِﺇﻪ ﹶﻝﻪ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻪ ...ﻪـ ﻭﻫ He/ it m. s
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻬﺎ ﱠﻨِﺇﻬﺎ ﹶﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻬﺎ ...ﻬـﺎ ﻲﻫ She/ it f. s
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﱠﻨِﺇﻤﻬﺎ ﹶﻝﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻤﻬﺎ ...ﻤﻬـﺎ ﺎﻤﻫ They m/f. d
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻡﻬ ﱠﻨِﺇﻡﻬ ﹶﻝﻡﻬ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻡﻬ ...ﻡﻬـ ﻡﻫ They m. p
ﹸﻝَﺄﺴﻴﻥﻬ ﱠﻨِﺇﻥﻬ ﹶﻝﻥﻬ ﺒﺘﺎﻜﻥﻬ ...ﻥﻬـ ﻥﻫ They f. p
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The pronouns of this form can come in different positions, for example:
1- Attached to nouns to show the possessor.
Ex. ﹺﺒﺘﺎﻜﻲ The book of mine or my book.
2- Attached to prepositions ﺭﺠﹾﻝﺍ ﻭﻑﺭﺤ
Ex. ﹾﻨﻤﻪ From him.
3- Attached to the particle ﻥﺇ (Indeed)
Ex. ﱠﻨﺇﻙ Indeed you (m. s)
4- Attached to verbs to show the object ﻪﹺﺒ ٌلﻭﻌﹾﻔﻤ .
Ex. ﹸﻝﺄﺴَﺃﻪ I ask him.
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Second form: Attached to verbs to show the subject
The subject here means: The one who does the verb ُلﻋﹶﺎﻔﹾﻝﺍ.
ِA- Pronouns attached to the present tense verb
*The hidden pronoun will be explained later ُﷲﺍ ﺀﺸﺎ ﻥﺇ
ُلﺼﹾﻔﻨﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ
Separate Pronoun
ﻉﹺﺭﺎﻀﻤﹾﻝﺍ ُلﻌﻔﹾﻝﺍ
Present verb
ُلﺼﱠﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ ﺴﻡﺍ
Name of the
attached pronoun
ﹶﻨَﺃﺎَﺃُلﻌﹾﻓ
ﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ)ﹶﺎﻨَﺃ(
Hidden pronoun*
ﻥﺤﹶﻨﹶﻨُلﻌﹾﻔﻤﻀﺭﻴﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ)ﻥﺤﹶﻨ(
ﹶﺕﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘُلﻌﹾﻔﻤﻀﺭﻴﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ)ﹶﺕﹾﻨَﺃ(
ﺕﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﻠﻌﹾﻔﻴﻥﺔﺒﹶﻁﺨﺎﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻴ
ﹸﻤﺎﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥﹺﻥﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻ ﹸﻑِﻝﺃ
ﻡﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥﻭﻭﺍﺔﻋﻤﺎﺠﹾﻝﺍ
ﻥﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﹾﻠﻌﹾﻔﻥﺓﻭﺴﱢﻨﺍﻝ ﻥﹸﻭﻨ
ﻭﻫﻴُلﻌﹾﻔﻤﻀﺭﻴﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ)ﻭﻫ(
ﻲﻫﹶﺘُلﻌﹾﻔﻤﻀﺭﻴﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ)ﻲﻫ(
ﻤﻫﺎ)ﺭﱠﻜﹶﺫﻤ(ﻴﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥﹺﻥﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻ ﹸﻑِﻝﺃ
ﻤﻫﺎ)ﹲﺙﱠﻨَﺅﻤ(ﹶﺘﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥﹺﻥﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻ ﹸﻑِﻝﺃ
ﻡﻫﻴﹸﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥﺔﻋﻤﺎﺠﹾﻝﺍ ﻭﺍﻭ
ﻥﻫﻴﹾﻠﻌﹾﻔﻥﺓﻭﺴﱢﻨﺍﻝ ﻥﹸﻭﻨ
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Important comments about the present tense verb:
1- The present tense verb has to start with one of the four following letters:
ﺕ ،ﻱ ،ﻥ ،ﺃ They are called ﺔﻋﺭﺎﻀﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﹸﻑﻭﺭﺤ (letters for the present)
a. The prefix ﺃ represents (I).
b. The prefix ﻥ represents (We).
c. The prefix ﺕ represents the 2nd
person
d. The prefix ﻱ represents the 3rd
person.
(With the exception of the 3rd
person f. s. ﻫﻲﹶﺘُلﻌﹾﻔ and the 3rd
person f. d.
ﻫﻤﺎﹶﺘﻼﻌﻔﹺﻥ they take the prefix ﺕ )
Important note:
These prefixes are not pronouns; they are only signs for the present tense verb.
The pronouns come only at the end of the word.
2- The present tense verb can come without a pronoun suffix, in that case
the first letter of the verb will be a sign that shows the subject (The one who did
the verb)
Ex. ﹶﻨُلﹸﻭﻘ means “we say” notice that no pronoun suffix attached to that verb for
(we). In such cases we say that the pronoun is hidden.
Important note:
The present verb for (she) and (you m. s.) are similar ﻲﻫًﹶﺘُلﻌﹾﻔ=ﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺕﹶﺘُلﻌﹾﻔ
3- The present tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:
a. The pronoun suffix ﻱ called ﻴﺀﺎﺒﹶﻁﺨﺎﻤﹾﻝﺍﺔ (Yaa' of the spoken to f. s.):
comes only with you f. s. Ex. ﹾﻨَﺃﺕﹶﺘﻠﻌﹾﻔﻴﻥ
b. The pronoun suffix ﺍ called ﹸﻑِﻝَﺃﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻﹺﻥ (Alif of two): comes with the dual of the
2nd
and 3rd
person
Ex. ﻤﺎﻫﹶﺘﻌﹾﻔﻼﹺﻥ–ﻤﺎﻫﻴﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥ ﻤﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﺎﹶﺘﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥ-
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Important note:
The present verb for (they f. d.) and (you m. d.) is similar
Ex. ﻤﺎﻫﹶﺘﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥ–ﻤﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﺎﹶﺘﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥ
c. The pronoun suffixﻭ called ﺔﻋﻤﺎﺠﹾﻝﺍ ﻭﻭﺍ (Waaw of group): comes with
masculine plural of the 2nd
and 3rd
person
Ex. ﻡﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥ-ﻡﻫﻴﹸﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥ
d. The pronoun suffix ﻥ called ﺓﻭﺴﱢﻨﺍﻝ ﻥﹸﻭﻨ (Noon of women): comes with
feminine plural 2nd
and 3rd
person
Ex. ﻥﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﹾﻠﻌﹾﻔﻥ-ﻥﻫﻴﹾﻠﻌﹾﻔﻥ
Important note:
The letter ﻥ that sometimes comes at the end of the present as in
ﻡﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥ-ﻡﻫﻴﹸﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥ is not a pronoun, it is related to the conjugation of the
verbs that we will study in coming lessons ﹶﺸ ﻥﺇُﷲﺍ ﺀﺎ .
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B- Pronouns attached to the past tense verb
ُلﺼﹾﻔﻨﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ
Separate Pronoun
ُلﻌﻔﹾﻝﺍﻲﻀﹾﻤﺎﻝﺍ
Past verb
ُلﺼﱠﺘﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ ﺴﻡﺍ
Name of the
attached pronoun
ﹶﻨَﺃﺎﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹸﺕﹶﺘﺀﺎﹾﻝﺍﹶﻔِلﻋﺎ
ﻥﺤﹶﻨﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﻨﺎﹶﻨﹶﻔﹾﻝﺍ ﺎﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎ
ﹶﺕﹾﻨَﺃﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺕﹶﺘﺀﺎﹾﻝﺍﹶﻔِلﻋﺎ
ﺕﹾﻨَﺃﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﺕﹶﺘﺀﺎﹾﻝﺍﹶﻔِلﻋﺎ
ﹸﻤﺎﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻤﹸﺘﺎﹶﺘﺀﺎﹾﻝﺍﹶﻔِلﻋﺎ
ﻡﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻡﹸﺘﹶﺘﺀﺎﹾﻝﺍﹶﻔِلﻋﺎ
ﻥﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻥﹸﺘﹶﺘﺀﺎﹾﻝﺍﹶﻔِلﻋﺎ
ﻭﻫَلﻌﹶﻓﺭﻴﻤﻀﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ)ﻭﻫ(
ﻲﻫﹶﻠﻌﹶﻓﹾﺕﺭﻴﻤﻀﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ)ﻲﻫ(
ﻤﻫﺎ)ﺭﱠﻜﹶﺫﻤ(ﻌﹶﻓﻼﹺﻥﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻ ﹸﻑِﻝﺃ
ﻤﻫﺎ)ﹲﺙﱠﻨَﺅﻤ(ﹶﻠﻌﹶﻓﺘﺎﹺﻥﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻ ﹸﻑِﻝﺃ
ﻡﻫﹸﻠﻌﹶﻓﻭﺍﻭﻭﺍﺔﻋﻤﺎﺠﹾﻝﺍ
ﻥﻫﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻥﺓﻭﺴﱢﻨﺍﻝ ﻥﹸﻭﻨ
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Important comments about the past tense verb:
1- There is no prefix attached to the past tense verb.
2- The past tense verb comes without a pronoun suffix only in two cases:
a. The 3rd
person (m. s.) ﻭﻫَلﻌﹶﻓ
b. The 3rd
person (f. s.) ﹶﻠﻌﹶﻓ ﻲﻫﹾﺕ ends with ﹶﺘﺀﺎﺙﻴﻨْﺄﱠﺘﺍﻝ (it is a ﹶﺘﺎﺀ with Sukoon at
the end of the past tense verb and it is a sign of femininity not a pronoun).
Also ﹶﺘﺀﺎﺙﻴﻨْﺄﱠﺘﺍﻝ appears at the end of 3rd
person (d. f.) ﺎﻤﻫﹶﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺘﺎ before the
pronoun ﺍ ﹺﻥﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻ ﹸﻑِﻝَﺃ but we had to put Fat-hah on if due to Alif Maddiyyah
following it.
3- The past tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:
a. The pronoun suffix ِلﻋﹾﻔﺎﻝﺍ ﺀﺘﺎ comes with the singular of the 1st
person and
with all the subjects of the 2nd
person.
ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹸﺕ–ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺕ-ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﺕ–ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹸﻤﺎﺘ-ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻡﹸﺘ–ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻥﹸﺘ
* Notice that the ending of the verbs in 2nd
person is the same as the ending of
the separate pronoun of that group. You can say them together as a rhyme.
b. The pronoun suffix ﹶﻨﺎ ﻨﺎﻥﻴﻠﻋﹾﻔﺎﻝﺍ (Naa of the doers) comes with the dual and
the plural of the 1st
person ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺎﻨ
ﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺕﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺕ
ﹾﻨَﺃﺕﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﺕ
ﹾﻨَﺃﹸﻤﺎﺘﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹸﻤﺎﺘ
ﹾﻨَﺃﻡﹸﺘﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻡﹸﺘ
ﹾﻨَﺃﻥﹸﺘﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻥﹸﺘ
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c. The pronoun suffix ﺍ ﹺﻥﻴﹶﻨﹾﺜﺍﻻ ﹸﻑِﻝَﺃ (Alif of two) comes with the dual of the
3rd
person ﹶﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺘﺎ – ﻼﻌﹶﻓ
d. The pronoun suffix ﻭ ﻭﻤﺠﹾﻝﺍ ﻭﺍﺔﻋﺎ (Waaw of group) comes with masculine
plural of 3rd
person ﹸﻠﻌﹶﻓﻭﺍ
(The Alif that comes after that Waaw is not pronounced)
e. The pronoun suffix ﻥ ﺓﻭﺴﱢﻨﺍﻝ ﻥﹸﻭﻨ (Noon of women): comes with feminine
plural of the 3rd
person ﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻥ
C - Pronouns attached to the Command Verb
Important comments about the command verb
1- The Command Verb is used for command ﺭﻤَﺃ, request ﺏﹶﻠﹶﻁ and
supplication ﺀﻋﺎﺩ .
2- It is used for the 2nd
person only
3- It uses the same pronouns used with the 2nd
persons of present.
ُلﺼﹾﻔﻨﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ
Separate Pronoun
ﹺﺭﻤَﻷﺍ ُلﻌﻓ
Command verb
ﹶﺕﹾﻨَﺃْلﻌﹾﻓﺍ
ﺕﹾﻨَﺃﻠﻌﹾﻓﺍﻲ
ﹸﻤﺎﺘﹾﻨَﺃﻼﻌﹾﻓﺍ
ﻡﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹸﻠﻌﹾﻓﺍﻭﺍ
ﻥﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹾﻠﻌﹾﻓﺍﻥ
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The verbs in the different tenses
ُلﺼﹶﻔﹾﻨﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺍﻝ
Separate Pronoun
ﻉﹺﺭﻀﺎﻤﹾﻝﺍ ُلﻌﻔﹾﻝﺍ
Present Tense
ﻲﻀﹾﻤﺎﻝﺍ ُلﻌﻔﹾﻝﺍ
Past tense
ﹺﺭﻤَﻷﺍ ُلﻌﻓ
Command verb
ﹶﺎﻨَﺃَﺃُلﻌﹾﻓﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹸﺕ
ﻥﺤﹶﻨﹶﻨُلﻌﹾﻔﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﻨﺎ
ﹶﺕﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘُلﻌﹾﻔﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺕْلﻌﹾﻓﺍ
ﺕﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﻠﻌﹾﻔﻴﻥﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﺕﻠﻌﹾﻓﺍﻲ
ﹸﻤﺎﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻤﹸﺘﺎﻼﻌﹾﻓﺍ
ﻡﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﹸﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻡﹸﺘﹸﻠﻌﹾﻓﺍﻭﺍ
ﻥﹸﺘﹾﻨَﺃﹶﺘﹾﻠﻌﹾﻔﻥﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻥﹸﺘﹾﻠﻌﹾﻓﺍﻥ
ﻭﻫﻴُلﻌﹾﻔَلﻌﹶﻓ
ﻲﻫﹶﺘُلﻌﹾﻔﹶﻠﻌﹶﻓﹾﺕ
ﻤﻫﺎ)ﺭﱠﻜﹶﺫﻤ(ﻴﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥﻼﻌﹶﻓ
ﻤﻫﺎ)ﹲﺙﱠﻨَﺅﻤ(ﹶﺘﻼﻌﹾﻔﹺﻥﹶﻠﻌﹶﻓﹶﺘﺎ
ﻡﻫﻴﹸﻠﻌﹾﻔﻭﻥﹸﻠﻌﹶﻓﻭﺍ
ﻥﻫﻴﹾﻠﻌﹾﻔﻥﹾﻠﻌﹶﻓﻥ
ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺔﻋﺭﺎﻀﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﹸﻑﺭﺤﺙﻴﻨْﺄﱠﺘﺍﻝ ﹶﺎﺀﺘ
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3- The Hidden Pronoun ﺭﻴﻤﻀﺭﺘﹶﺘﺴﻤ
The Hidden Pronoun can come in different positions in the sentence; for
example; it comes after some verbs to show the subject, as mentioned in page
6 & in page 9 before.
Ex. َﺃُلﻌﹾﻓ (I do) the subject is contained in the verb, and it is understood that the
one who did the verb is I or me.
Conjugation of the Arabic pronouns:
We already know that nouns might change of form after the change of the
position of that word in the sentences e. g. ﺩﹶﻝﻭ–ﺩﹶﻝﻭ–ﺍﺩﹶﻝﻭ
But the Arabic pronouns do not change of form in any situation, they are built on
one form ﻲﻨﺒﻤ. You will never see a word like ﻥﺤﹶﻨ except like that with Dammah
at the end. Never ﻥﺤﹶﻨ–ﹺﻥﺤﹶﻨ
If the pronoun is ﻲﻨﺒﻤ as mentioned above, why does the attached pronoun ـﻪ
comes sometimes with Kasrah and others with Dammah?
This is not due to the change of position of the word in the sentence, but to
letter that precedes it.
If it is preceded with ﺓﺭﺴﹶﻜ or long vowel َُء it will have ﹲﺓﺭﺴﹶﻜ .
Ex. -ﻪﻴﻓ ﻪﹺﻬﺠﻭ
Otherwise, it will have ﺔﻤﻀ
Ex. -ﻪﹶﻠﺒﹶﻗ–ﻩﻭﺒَﺃ-ﻩﹶﺎﺨَﺃ ﻪﹾﻨﻋ