Urban Disparities

Urban Disparities
One of the reading that illustrates the concept of the different disparities found in rural and urban
areas is the findings of Capitman et al. (n.d.) in its residents. The chapter, named Racial/Ethnic
Caner Disparities: Conceptual Frameworks, presents the different barriers racial/ethnicities face
when it comes to seeking health care services in regard to cancer diagnoses, treatment, and
prevention. As the Capitman et al. (n.d.) stated economic, political and cultural exclusion have been
attributed to ethnic and social class differences in accessing good quality health care and services.
According to Unite For Sight (n.d.), urban areas are likely to face high prevalence of individuals
without health insurance in relation to how much socioeconomic ... Show more content on
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As Capitman et al. (n.d.) illustrates with cancer disparities in racial/ethnic groups, induvial and
cultural factors influence how individuals participate in disease prevention and self–care activities.
Other factors include availability of health care professionals, mal–distribution of health care
resources, and accessibility to social services (Capitman et al. n.d.). Looking at social and physical
environments in general can tell you a lot about how big a difference we see in health disparities in
both urban and rural areas. As noted by Unite for Sight, urban environments tend to be more highly
diverse socioeconomic status with more exposure to health related risk (chronic diseases) while
rural dwellers are more significantly poorer and poor health behaviors (smoking etc.). Furthermore,
rural areas have a higher proportion of uninsured and individually insured residents with limited
access to health care facilities. In urban areas even if with high prevalence of individuals without
health insurance or citizenship they deal with a system where individuals have access to preventive
and routine health care while the other portion of the populations utilize "safety–net" emergency
room care (as cited Unite for Sight n.d.). In general, we see in urban and rural health that there is a
difference between health care access, usage, geographic distribution of providers and
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Health Disparities And Treatment : Genetics
Govinda Dass grd388 Health Disparities in Treatment: Genetics
Although there is no biological basis for race, various ethnic groups have unique health problems
associated with them. For example, sickle cell in African Americans, or Indians and hypertension.
When talking about genetic difference, we straddle a fine line. With its history in racism in eugenics,
it's important to understand that these genetic differences don't necessarily have anything to do with.
As explained by Eric Kraut (2007), sickle cell is not a 'black' disease. The genes for sickle cell are
present in Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, African, and Indian DNA. Due the the regions in which
certain ethnicities have lived, small and normally inconsequential genetic traits can get expressed as
illness. That's nothing new. Huntington 's disease that affects a lot of people of European ancestry,
but as Stephanie Liou (2012) explores, Huntingtons is also prevalent in the Japanese. These types of
genetic differences aren't racial, certain ethnic groups just have higher chances of expressing certain
genes. Overall our genetic makeups are still almost the same. Here is where the health disparity lies.
Not viewing these genetic differences actively hurts the health of minority groups. We need to look
at the effects of genetic differences in health diversity, this is so much more important any rhetoric
we discuss about race, it's not just hurting people's socio–economic status. When we fail to accept
genetic

Asian Americans Health Disparities
2015 – 2016 Statistic on Asian American Cancer Health Disparities April is National Minority
Health Month. Despite major advances in medicine, ever–evolving technology and more noteworthy
access to medicinal services over the past century, there are tenacious disparities in health that
disproportionally influence racial and ethnic minorities and other helpless populations. These
disparities are obvious in some key measures of wellbeing including life expectancy, the risk for
disease, and access to health care (Disparities in Health, 2015). Historically, the major factors
contributing to shorter longevity and high rates of disease are overcrowding, poor sanitation and low
availability of treatment facilities. However, the change of theses socioeconomic ... Show more
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The Center for Asian Health (CAH) mission is to reduce health disparities and improve health
equity among Asian Americans and under–represented ethnic population through intervention
research, training, community engagement through cancer and health programs, partnership,
dissemination, and clinical support/patient navigation for culturally and linguistically appropriate
comprehensive health studies (Sy, n.d.). Ma clearly addressed that they will continue to emphasize
prevention and early detection to help reduce

Essay On Health Disparities
Throughout history, the health care system of the United States has always had some form of
disparities. These disparities are a major concern in today's health care system, especially since
equality is held as the highest standard in our society. But in order to understand how health
disparities can be brought to a halt, an understanding of the determinants of health is needed. Health
of individuals and populations is determined by many factors such as, health services, race and
ethnicity, socioeconomic status, environment, geography, legislative policies, genetics, etc.
Solutions to these problems have been the In order to solve these disparities, the overall quality of
the care provided to each patient must be improved, and this can only ... Show more content on
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The general public also needs to be educated with the help of out–reach programs which will
specifically target minority groups who are affected by the factors stated above. There is also a need
to improve communication between the health care providers and the patients in order to better
educate the patients about their health conditions, the risks associated with their illnesses, and the
resources available which would provide them essential help needed for their overall health. Some
patients decline to take certain medications due to cultural biases and perceptions, so providers need
to be aware of the cultural differences and respectfully try to diminish the misconceptions related to
western medication. And if patients still persist to decline medication, then alternative treatment
plans should be provided. Patients that are genetically disadvantaged or have chronic diseases need
to be provided with better self management options by providers due to the fact that, many patients
like to self manage their diseases. So educating them better about their diseases will lead to
improved self management and overall

Disparity In Healthcare
A healthcare disparity is a limitation of healthcare availability, usually among a certain racial or
socioeconomic demographic (Black, 2013). However, there are disparities that don't have a specific
demographic and affect the entirety of the United States, which are potentially most detrimental to
the overall health of our country. One of those disparities is health literacy, or the exchange of
complex information from the healthcare provider to the patient or client (Black, 2013). The lack of
health literacy in America poses as a problem, especially with the chronically ill. Without proper
knowledge of how to treat their illness and what to do when the disease process worsens or
ameliorates can potentially cause millions of unnecessary hospitalizations, ... Show more content on
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In contrast to asthma, 285,000,000 people in the US had either type I, type II, or gestational diabetes
in 2010 (Cavanaugh, 2010). Type 2 diabetes, which is acquired due to unhealthy lifestyle and other
external factors, is more common, affecting 95 out of 100 diabetics. (Cavanaugh, 2010). The most
crucial aspect of diabetes to have adequate knowledge about is glycemic blood levels (Cavanaugh,
2010). Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are extremely common due to the pancreas's inability to
correctly administer insulin, the hormone that manages glycemic blood levels, throughout the body
(Cavanaugh, 2010). According to the study, those who are more proficient in math had an easier
time administering their medications (Cavanaugh, 2010). This is due to the necessary method of
injecting insulin based upon measured levels of blood sugar using a device that pricks the skin, and
calculates a value by testing the blood (Cavanaugh, 2010). While a lot of it is done automatically
with today's society, a basic instruction on how the electronic devices used would dramatically
affect literacy outcomes (Cavanaugh, 2010). Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia is more common
with individuals possessing inadequate health literacy (Cavanaugh, 2010). Without the proper
knowledge, 30% of those with Type 2 diabetes are expected to have hypoglycemic emergency
events, and out of the 14,000 tested, 11% of them did have a hypoglycemic

Multicultural Disparities In Healthcare
Problem Multicultural disparities serve as a gap within the health care system. However, all
remarkable leaders and or administrator share commonalities to try and bring about a resolution for
multicultural disparities. In fact, an integral part of multicultural disparities stems from attitudes, no
access to resources, health behaviors, and organization not validating a change is needed. More
importantly, health disparities, continue to plague the population. Multicultural Health Care: A
Quality Improvement Guide. (2006, p. 3) states "health care disparity is a difference in treatment
provided to members of different racial or ethnic groups that are not justified by the underlying
health condition or treatment preferences of patients." The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A resolution to decrease multicultural health care disparities is a challenge, but it starts at the
government level. The government must acknowledge that multiple problems exist. Consequently, a
budget must be implemented to begin to incorporate a resolution for multicultural disparities. The
provisions of the health care reform may start the process to better care. Nevertheless, bridging the
gap in multicultural health care disparities also requires thorough training, education, and teamwork
of all individuals that are involved in the healthcare system. Therefore, there are several ways to
start bridging the gap. For example, developing an awareness of cultural values, learning
worldview's, eliminating biases, and acquiring interpersonal skills (Multicultural Competence
Engaging in Difficult Dialogues that are Inherent in Teaching about Diversity, 2015). Also, leaders
that are involved in health care disparities have not addressed the battle of working within a broken
health care system. Multicultural inequality started due to disproportionately underrepresented
ethnic minorities, which are uninsured or

Health Disparities And Health Care
Minorities
Introduction
Many factors contribute to differing racial and ethnic health needs, including culture norms,
religious mandates, and health disparities. The health disparities refers to specific differences in
disease incidence, health outcomes, quality of health care and access to health care services that
exist across racial and ethnic groups (Mandal, 2014). Disparities may result from inadequate access
to care, poor quality of care, cultural issues and social determinants.
Health Policy Issues
Disparity
Despite improvements, differences persist in health care quality among racial and ethnic minority
groups. People in low–income families also experience poorer quality care (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, 2013). Access to care measures include facilitators and barriers to care
and health care utilization experiences of subgroups defined by race and ethnicity, income,
education, availability of health insurance, limited English proficiency, and availability of a usual
source of care (Mandal, 2014).
Disparities in quality of care are common (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013):
1. Blacks and American Indians received inferior care than Whites (40%).
2. Asians received inferior care than Whites give or take 20% of measures.
3. About 60% of core measures Hispanics received inferior care than non–Hispanic Whites.
4. For about 80% of core measures poor people received inferior care than high–income people.
Disparities in access are also

Health Disparities: A Case Study
This publication by Dr. Marshall H. Chin and his colleagues presents a visionary model of
interventions in order to reduce health disparities. One of the key findings they summarize in this
publication is interventions using cultural leverage. Dr. Marshall H. Chin and his colleagues present
worldwide conclusions regarding the current state of health disparities interventions and how they
could improve future interventions to reduce disparities. However, they have found interventions
that cater to a patient culturally to be most promising.
The research conducted in this publication can support my claims of the measures that can be taken
to reduce health disparities. Interventions may be one method that can be implemented in patient
care and the results has shown to be positive in this publication. However, the ... Show more content
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The basis of this publication assesses the progress being made to health disparities, and the efficacy
of efforts being made to address social determinants of those disparities. Furthermore, it also
touches on the efforts being made to reduce health disparities on the federal, state, and local level.
This publication has proven to be useful in my topic of research because it gives me a solid
background on the disparities the Institute of Medicine as well as many other contributors
considered to be the most important to address. In addition, there is abundant information about the
initiatives that has been or should be taken in order to address a specific health disparity, which
enables me to see the progress and efforts of the health disparity I am writing about. This
publication explains the progress of the field since 2000, which makes all of the information fairly
recent and relevant to today's

The difference between health disparities, health inequalities, and health inequities are:
Health Disparities– differences in morbidity, mortality and access to health among population group
defined by factors such as socioeconomic status, gender residence, race and ethnicity.
Health Inequalities– avoidable and unfair or unjust
differences in health among any individuals.
Health Inequities– unfair distribution of resources (ex. health care, education, housing, food etc.)
among the population. Access to resources should be determined based on population needs.
According to Rothstein, By denying Africans–Americans the opportunity to purchase homes in the
suburbs created segregation which led to health disparities. Because many Africans–Americans
weren't homeowners, they had no home equity therefore; leaving them with nothing to give to their
children or grandchildren. Because the white families were able to purchase a home, they gain
equity and wealth over the years which allow them to send their children to decent colleges/schools,
leave them inheritance and lived a comfortable lifestyle. The segregation also impacts how people
lived. The whites had more opportunity in the suburbs than the ... Show more content on
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My cousin was on her dad's insurance for most of her life. She had a primary doctor who she visited
regularly but, a year ago her dad lost his job and could longer afford the insurance. she had to get
Obama Care, she no longer visits the doctor regularly because she now has to pay a copay at each
visit. She gets generic medication instead of her prescription medicine because they are not covered
by her insurance due to her income and she has to pay a monthly insurance fee. I have friends who
never have to worry about copay or Monthly fees and can visit their doctors anytime because they
are covered under their parent's insurance and I also have friends who have no insurances because
their family live just above the poverty

Health Disparities Research Paper
Health Disparities, a term most common in the United States (Public Health Reports), is known as
the difference or inequality that is justified by using people's race, gender, age, rank, and
socioeconomic status. In other words, it known as injustice in the health care services. Inequality
within health care access has been a topic for years due to noticeable inequality. Inequality in health
care for mother's ranges from age, race, income status, and education. When the health care
providers has the ability to deny service to anyone they feel cannot benefit the provider or the
mother, this is where a disparity becomes the outstanding limit of injustice. 2. Which racial/ethnic
groups are more likely to be affected by health disparities? Why? African Americans, Mexican
American, and Hispanics are the most common ethnicities to be affected by health disparities.
African Americans and Mexican Americans are the top two races to be covered by Medicaid, yet
still at a high risk to suffer from starvation, due to lack of income and resources. Medicaid is used to
cover nearly two–thirds of pregnant African Americans and nearly half of the Hispanics. They suffer
mostly due to lack of socioeconomic status and availability to receive insurance coverage. 2. What
are causes of health disparities? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A person's health behavior has an effect not only on themselves, but also to a community due to the
possibility of a risky behaviors. Genetics are a health disparity when in reference to the genes a
person may inherit which can cause certain diagnosis and diseases. Social circumstances can
increase a person genetic and health behavior to cause more health disparities that could have
possibly been avoided. Lack of income and affordable health care also cause health disparities in
reference to not being to afford annual doctors visit as well as a routine dentist

Reducing Disparities In Health Care
Reducing disparities in health and healthcare have been of importance for many federal, state,
private and nonprofit organizations for many years. Countless research studies have been done and
continue to be conducted to understand the dynamics of health/healthcare disparities and how other
factors play a role in widening the gap in health outcomes, disease burden, and mortality among
different populations in the United States. Included in the conversation about disparities seen within
populations and subgroups, are the concepts of equality and equity in our healthcare system.
"Identification and awareness of the differences among populations regarding health outcomes and
health determinants are essential steps towards reducing disparities ... Show more content on
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One reason that is frequently cited when asking the question of why so many people in the U.S.
don't have coverage is the cost. Many populations, in particular minorities, low–income, and women
cannot afford health insurance or are underinsured thus putting them at a higher risk for disease,
disability and death. In the U.S in 2010, there were 50 million people uninsured (Patel & Rushefsky,
2014). Private insurance companies have denied coverage to people with preexisting conditions (as
seen in the Sick Around America video) and even pregnant women, this practice illustrates the
inequality and inequity issues that have permeated the health care system. The Affordable Care Act
sought to remedy the issues related to health insurance coverage being accessible for all Americans
but there still exists many people without

Health Disparities Research Paper
Environmental Disparities in Health
Health disparities are the inequalities that occur in the provision of healthcare and access to
healthcare across different racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Health disparities negatively
affect groups of people who have experienced greater social or economic obstacles to health. Social
structures and economic systems attributing to health disparities include the social environment,
physical environment, health services, and structural and societal factors. Environmental health
disparities arise among racial and ethnic minorities as social and environmental factors interact.
Studies suggest that disadvantaged communities facing environmental disparities face a greater
likelihood of exposure to ambient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although it is intuitive to hypothesize that disparities in health arise because of socioeconomic
differences between racial groups, studies often find that racial disparities persist even after
accounting socioeconomic factors. Ethnicity is highly correlated with residential location, with
minorities and whites often living segregated from one another. Differential residential location
comes with differential exposure to health risks.
. In a 1995 article pertaining to socioeconomic and racial differences in health Dr. Collin Williams
explains how he believes that socioeconomic differences do not completely explain racial
disparities, rather it argues that social class is merely an important mediator. Therefore, it is
hypothesized that race determines one's economic resources, which in turn determine health. Thus,
although socioeconomic conditions do not fully account for health disparities, they are a necessary
part of the equation (Williams

A health disparity or health disparities may be defined as the differences in health problems and
their causes among different segments of a population or community (Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 2017). There are several factors that may be associated with health disparities,
including: historical, physical, social, and environmental. Historical factors that may be associated
with health disparities may include: laws or legislations that inhibit particular health care services or
access, and/or stereotypes or bias against specific portions of the populations. Laws or legislations
that may interfere with health care services or access that offer preventive care or routine health care
may influence negative health consequences or outcomes. Bias or stereotypes may influence health
disparities that result from conflict or violence. Bias or stereotypes may be a result of historical
beliefs, opinions, or assumptions; and may be difficult to eliminate. Physical barriers to access to
health care may include difficulties associated with health care locations or facilities, physical health
conditions among those affected by the health disparities, and physical barriers identified in the
location of those affected by the health disparities. Personal and public opinions of those affected by
the health disparity or social methods or networks used by those in the community may be
considered associated social factors. Environmental factors may include ... Show more content on
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Collection of this information may allow a public health professional to develop a strategy that
promotes equity; by identifying the health problems among populations or community members
affected by health

Health Disparities Case Study
Health Disparities are unjust and unequal quality of health or health care outcomes which most often
occurs as a result of margin in educational level, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and demographics.
Indeed, equality in health care is far from perfect in America, there are a number of socio–ecological
factors– educational level, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and demographics– which commonly
cause disparities between the healthcare qualities of different peoples, nations, cultures, and other
classifications. In the case of my focus area of HIV, despite deterrence efforts, some sets of people
are not only affected by HIV/AIDS, STDs, but faces higher mortality rate compare to others.
Majority of these cases can be linked to disparities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This population will are prone to unhealthy eating habits, fewer doctors visit, and have higher risk
with less coverage. According to CDC's report on preventable hospitalization on rates were higher
for residents of lower income neighborhoods compared with higher income neighborhoods and were
higher for non–Hispanic blacks and Hispanics compared with non–Hispanic whites during 2001–
2009. Additionally this group, may not have the options to select from multiple list of providers
because doctors, hospitals and health care practitioner, are often inclined to move out to wealthier
areas, in order to make profit to cover the cost of running their practice. Such actions, ultimately,
causes lower–income areas to experience minimal and/or poor health care services even though they
often need it the most. Throughout the next decade, Healthy People 2020 will assess health
disparities in the U.S. population by tracking rates of illness, death, chronic conditions, behaviors,
and other types of outcomes in relation to demographic factors including: Race and ethnicity,
Gender, Sexual identity and orientation, Disability status, and geographic

Disparity In Health Care
Disparity in health care is found to be both bad and deadly. Disparity and discrimination in
American health care has been going on for many years. This disparity is caused by race, culture,
sex, and mental ability. Many disabled individuals also face difficulties as well. Discrimination in
American health care results in poor health and death. There are many different people who are
familiar with the problem at hand. Even after 1964 and the Civil Rights Act, discrimination and
disparity have effected health care in America. Some people believe that discrimination is not the
issue where others argue that it is the problem.
There are many different people who experience disparity in health care services. In 2005 a Latino
family struggled

Disparity In Health Care
Healthcare Disparities within the United States healthcare system has been and still is an issue that
impacts the medical treatment of individuals because of their race and ethnic backgrounds.
Minorities groups, suffer because of this and are at higher risks for mortality because of unequal
treatment in healthcare. Within these disparity, those who find themselves unable to maximize the
English language, are among the population who receive less desirable treatment in the U.S.
healthcare system. Regardless of race, ethnicity, or even socioeconomic background all Americans
deserve to receive the quality medical treatment.
Under the Obama Administration, the implementation of Patient Protection and Affordability Act ...
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Diabetes is continuing to progress in minorities and published in 2011 indicate that about 26 million
Americans have diabetes, or about 8.3% of the US population. An additional, 79 million Americans
have pre–diabetes, placing them at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. (Hill J, Galloway JM,
Goley A, et al. 2013). The public health burden of diabetes is even more evident in most racial and
ethnic minority groups. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and other comorbidities, including
mortality, are higher for African Americans and Hispanics, the largest racial/ethnic minority groups
in the US. Despite the reported successes seen in several national diabetes prevention and control
studies, there is still more to be done to understand the best mechanisms for translating the results to
patient care ( Spruill, IJ, Magwood GS, Nemeth, L. S & Williams, TH

Introduction
Health disparities exist across socioeconomic classes, races, and genders, among other
characteristics. Often, social determinants of health are cross–sectional in that one typically affects
another. Regardless of location, an ethnic majority is more likely to receive the benefits of quality
care whereas the minority in that same area is likely to have unequal access to the quality of care
that they, as humans, are entitled to have. Disparities between two ethnic groups stem from
sociocultural as well as biological factors. In the United States, differences between Native
American populations and their white American counterparts are not unknown to the average
American. Historically, indigenous populations have been prone to decimation, acculturation, and
poorer health outcomes. According to a statement released by the United Nations, out of all the poor
and suffering people around the world, one third of them are comprised of indigenous populations.
The document goes onto ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Substance abuse and alcoholism within an ethnic minority, like Native Americans, and an ethnic
majority are significant issues facing our country. Regardless of race, these two ailments can lead to
the onset of depression, suicide, and mental health disorders. When it comes to alcohol
consumption, Native Americans demonstrate some of the highest percentages regarding heavy
drinking and alcoholism, but both Native American and white Americans exceed the recommended
rates of consumption. The differences between the causes, effects, and rates of substance abuse often
influence mental health status and access to mental healthcare, making this issue one that requires
discussion. The consequences that arise from unequal access increase costs for mental health care,
making it even more challenging to receive preventative care and/or treatment in indigenous

Health Disparities And Health Care
Health disparities are present in our health care system. Whether it be racial, educational, or
environmental, these disparities exist and are detrimental to health care outcomes. While there have
been recent advancements in how to eliminate or reduce these disparities, there is still a major
inequity in health care for all individuals.
This paper will include definitions of health equity and health inequity, steps to reduce health
inequity, and two important decisions used to decrease in health inequity and why this reduction in
health inequity occurs. It will also include further discussion on certain steps and decisions used to
decrease health inequity.
Defining Health Equity and Inequity
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), "health equity is achieved when every person
has the opportunity to attain his or her full health potential and no one is disadvantaged from
achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances" (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, 2015). Satcher (2010) reports that health inequities are
"systematic, avoidable, and unjust" disparities (p. 6). He also states that the World Health
Organization (WHO) concluded that social conditions are the most important determinant of a
person's health. Social conditions "determine access to health services and influence lifestyle
choices" (Satcher, 2010, p. 6). These determinants must be addressed in order to reduce health
inequity. Inequity can be

Healthcare Disparity Among The Hispanics
Healthcare Disparity among the Hispanics
Overview of the Population The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2015) provided an overview of
the Hispanic population, in which they reported the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
categorization of the population. Specifically, OMB defines Hispanics as a population which
comprises of Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, South and Central Americans as well as people
from other Spanish cultures (CDC, 2015). According to a report compiled by the CNN Library
(2015), Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States. In fact, the size of the Hispanic
group in the United States is only second to the size of the Hispanic group in Mexico. The report
further explained that there were approximately 54 million Hispanic people in the United States by
2013. The number showed a 2.1% increase in the Hispanic population between 2012 and 2013
(CNN Library, 2015). The total Hispanic population in 2013 constituted about 17% of the United
States total population. Gonzalez–Barrera and Lopez (2013) inferred that people of Mexican origin
constituted the largest number of Hispanics in the United States. They maintained that there were
approximately 33.7 million Hispanics from Mexico in the United States by 2012 (Gonzalez–Barrera
& Lopez, 2013). The Mexican–Hispanics population is represented by people who are born in the
United States and immigrants from Mexico.
The chart below shows how Mexican–Hispanic population increased in the

Health Disparities And Communication Disorders
Health Disparities and Communication Disorders
Courtney Barringtine
Howard University
Abstract Currently in the Unites States, Americans are struggling to maintain quality health without
proper healthcare. As a result, health disparities have become a widespread epidemic plaguing
minorities. Many of the various health disproportions stem from the government's inequality and
racism. In other cases, genetics and socioeconomic status may cause health disparities. Overall,
these disparities may be avoidable or unavoidable depending on the individual. Recently, health
disparities have begun to implicate the field of Communication Sciences and Disorders. Speech
pathologists have developed a larger caseload stroke ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An article in Psychology Today explains that currently minorities become ill at younger ages, suffer
from more severe illnesses and die earlier than Whites (Lyubansky, 2013). Currently, minorities of
low socioeconomic status (SES) suffer from more health discrepancies than any other race in the
United States. Research has shown that these health disparities against all minorities have begun to
implicate all medical professionals including speech pathologists. Among minorities such as Asians,
Hispanics, Indians, Native Americans, and Middle Easterners, the African American race has been
affected tremendously by the health disparities in the United States. Currently, African Americans
have significantly higher mortality rates from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer,
diabetes, HIV, unintentional injuries, pregnancy, sudden infant death syndrome, and homicide than
do whites Americans (Fiscella & Williams, 2004). While African Americans may lead in these
categories, other minorities are not far behind in experiencing health disparities.
Causes
Biochemical theories have said to be a leading cause of health disparities in minorities. Various
research sources confirm that genetics plays a role in the prevalence of disparities among minorities.
Family traits such as metabolism, passed down illnesses, and life expectancy may cause an
individual to acquire poor health

What does the term health disparities mean?
Health disparities means that the value of equal health opportunity is not present. This means that all
groups of race, socioeconomic, sexual orientation, gender, religion and ethnicity may be unequal in
health status. groups should be equal in the way they receive care, thus should also relatively have
the same level of health. Health disparities may vary depending of risky behavior during the
adolescent phase. The health status can be dependent of your race, gender, socioeconomic status,
sexual orientation, religion and or ethnicity (Kotch, 2013; Robinson et al., 2017).
2.Which racial/ethnic groups are more likely to be affected by health disparities? Why?
The Hispanic ethnic group is recognized as one that has a lower infant mortality rate, however has
many difficulties in "economic disadvantage", discrimination and lack of the access to care, ... Show
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The lack of access to heath care can be a result of lack of economic resources and or lack of
availability of insurance. This can cause a person to not seek regular screenings and or preventative
care. This can cause the heath of person to decline. Heath behaviors such as smoking can cause
problems in mother and or infants. These heath behaviors do not only have repercussions to the
mother but also the child. The social inequalities can affect the heath of a child and the family. If a
child is raised in a home that is mother only offers food such as pizza and cokes, the child may have
weight issues (Kotch, 2013; Robinson et al., 2017). A popular TV show called Here Comes Honey
Boo Boo described a child who is overweight or possibly obese, however the child's heath was not
contributed to choices alone. Her mother did not encourage exercise and or heathy diet. The child
was then in heath disparities because the child heath inequality due to her social

Health Disparities And Education Of Societies
Health Disparities and Education in Societies Jori Yslas Denver School of Nursing Health
Disparities and Education in Societies In any society in the world today health disparities are
constantly being encountered. Health disparity is a term used for disease and mortality as it
commonly refers to differences in groups of people, races, cultures, societies, economic class,
educational levels, etc. Generally, health disparities are compared with more advanced countries and
what those cultures have and how other cultures are behind and living without any advancement.
Health disparities have been around since the world first evolved, but now those studies have been
further researched. In consideration of the evolving research, health disparity is now sometimes
referred to as health inequality due to the diverse levels of advancement, medical care, and
education that various cultures receive. There are now a vast variety of resources available to
conduct research on any said subject involving health disparities in general. Anyone can find a
disparity in any subject; it just depends on what side of the spectrum each individual falls on. Health
Disparities in Education Howard, Levine, Davis, and Peek (2003) found that young people
increasingly use the Internet to get health information. Teens were more likely to approach health
issues at a better angle when they were able to conduct the research themselves. They were also
more likely to talk to others, including their

Health disparities are defined as unfair health differences experienced by people of different social,
economic and/or environment background, including ethnic and cultural minorities (Jarvis, 2016 ).
Racial and ethnic disparities adversely affect pregnant women and infants which limit their access to
health care and other services resulting to low birth weight infants and preterm births. For example,
preterm birth, low birth weight and infant mortality are higher in black population, compared to the
white population (National Center for Health Statistics, 2012). Low birth weights and premature
births puts them at high risk for long term health problems, social and financial consequences for the
family and on the community. As they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is our aim to improve overall patient outcomes and improve the quality of care across the lifespan.
Numerous support services are available in the community to address preterm infants and their
families. One support organization is the March of Dimes program. This organization is involved in
research and development for improving the health of infants and children by preventing birth
defects, premature birth and infant mortality. Through the years, the organization continue to "focus
efforts on addressing disparities and improving equity in their communities with programs focused
on specific populations, including African–American, Hispanic, Asian–Pacific Islander and Native
American" (March of Dimes, 2017 ). They have included an education and awareness campaign
across the US to reduce early nonmedically–dictated (elective) labor inductions and cesarean
deliveries; hospital–based quality improvement programs that support and recognize best practices
related to the reduction of early elective deliveries and developed an intensive community program
in 25 sites focused on prematurity prevention that integrates clinical and public health

In today's society, medical advances in technology have provided people living in the United States
with the potential to live longer and healthier lives compared to before. However, there are a health
disparity that exits between different racial and ethnic populations and health equity remains
intangible. Health disparities refer to the incidence, prevalence, mortality and burden of disease and
other adverse health conditions that exist among specific populations in the Unites States. It is
relates to the inequality in insurance coverage, educations, quality of care, income, socioeconomic
status and limited access to health services. Characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, SES,
age, gender, disability, sexual orientation, geographic location and other characteristics are linked to
exclusive or discrimination influencing health status.
In the United States, one in three residents is identified as an African American, American
Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latino or multiracial
and by 2050 this number is expected to increase. Despite advances in technology, race continues to
be a significant factor in determining whether an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be done by carrying out surveys to find out how much people know on health disparities
and inequality. Apart from the lack of awareness by the public, there were a level of unawareness
among physicians but this has improved significantly. A study conducted revealed that 69% of
physicians noted that the health care system "rarely or never" treated people unfairly based on
racial/ethnic majority population but in 2005, 24 % disagreed with the statement, noting that
"majority of patients generally receive lower quality care than White

Health Disparities Case Study
"Challenges to Using a Business Case for Addressing Health Disparities"
In summary, the text elaborates on the issues at hand with both the business and social aspects of the
inconsistencies in reaching fair and equitable healthcare within the United States. The aim is to
reduce these discrepancies of racial/ethnic or socioeconomic disparities within the healthcare system
by implementing interventions. A vital intervention is escalating responsibility and taking a closer
look to polish up the quality of clinical care given for individual patients and communities. While
working on these health imbalances, the healthcare organizations want to know that there will be a
return on investment.
Despite such challenges, a growing number of health plans and hospitals have begun collecting
race/ethnicity data and have detected disparities among commercially ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Methodological principles and health care organizations both can reduce health disparities providing
it is recognized a health disparity is a health contrast in the way things turn out across subgroups of
the population, in connection to social issues, economic issues related to having a good job, or
environmental circumstances such as unsafe neighborhoods. Even though health disparities are alive
and known, the Unites Stated will inevitably gain when every person has a fair chance at living a
long, healthy, and constructive life. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have
systematically experienced greater obstacles to health on the basis of their racial or ethnic group,
religion, socioeconomic status, gender, age, mental health, cognitive, sensory, or physical disability;
sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked
to discrimination or exclusion

Health Disparities Essay
Healthcare plays a crucial part in our lives. Health disparities "phrase references black–white
differences as well health disadvantages characteristic of other ethnic groups "of color," such as
Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans" (Coreil, 2010 p. 167). Many socio–ecological factors that
contribute to the existence of health disparities when it comes immunizations. An individual ability
to have access to health care, insurance status, income level, provider and patient knowledge have a
significant impact on vaccination rates. "Vaccination against childhood disease is one of the greatest
public health success stories since the mid–20th century" (MDH, 2008 p.4). Access to healthcare
and insurance status are major socio–ecological factors that contributes to health disparities. Some
individuals may find it challenging to get vaccinations needed due finding a primary care provider
and their out–of–pocket expenses. People who are uninsured or cannot afford health care are at risk
of medical health problems. According to "a report on disparities in health care in Minnesota
community measurement found that income and insurance status affect the quality of health care,
including ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Another area that has been linked to vaccination status is provider's lack of knowledge about the
indications for and contraindications to immunization" (MDH, 2008 p. 18). Providers must have
knowledge about vaccines before educating patients about it. Patients or parents of the child may
delay vaccination due to lack of education about vaccines. A massive amount of parents have
concerns about "vaccines may actually be the cause of conditions such as autism, hyperactivity,
diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)" ( MDH, 2008 p. 18).
Parents still believe this even though scientist have showned that side effects are not related to these

Health Disparities
In Walker County, many ethnicities exist causing a wide range of health disparities. Four health
disparities that affect the community the most are tobacco use, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity.
Walker County has several restaurants, but most consist of the fast food style dining. This results in
the individuals choosing a McDonald's hamburger rather than healthier options which contributes to
diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Other concerns are related to tobacco use. Most patients in the
hospital use some type of tobacco product, and most readmissions to the hospital are related to
COPD exacerbations, asthma exacerbations, and pneumonia in patients that use tobacco products. It
seems that tobacco cessation would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
African Americans are more likely than Whites to have issues with diabetes, heart disease, and
obesity. Helping to prevent complications from these disease processes is one way to advocate for
these individuals as a DNP prepared nurse. Health screenings should be available to the community
once every six months to determine which individuals are at risk for complications. A DNP prepared
nurse can also work with legislature in the county to attempt to bring in restaurant chains that offer
healthier food choices. There are several options for physical activity in the county that is accessible
through public or private transportation. Hispanics are more at risk for heart disease and diabetes
due to the increased incidence of being uninsured. Several clinics are available throughout the
county for the uninsured, as well as reduced prescription prices at certain pharmacies. A DNP
prepared nurse can volunteer or work at the clinics to provide health care to the uninsured
population, and they can also assist with advertising. Tobacco use is higher in the African American
population than in the Hispanics and Asians. Tobacco cessation programs are available, and DNP
prepared nurses should find ways to promote the cessation of tobacco products by educating the
client on the health benefits of tobacco

Health Disparities: Questions And Answers
Health disparities are considered to be differences dealing with health care, which is closely linked
with society economic and/or environmental disadvantages. The disadvantage could be caused by
race, gender, age or socioeconomic status. Health disparities can be affect certain people in different
ways which will cause greater obstacles based on their race or ethics group or religion.
2. Which racial/ethnic groups are more likely to be affected by health disparities? Why?
African Americans and Native Americans are more likely to be affected by health disparities
because these ethnic group live in poor neighborhoods. They are more likely to not have access to
certain doctors and transportation to

Disparity In Healthcare
As an oncologist at Grady Memorial, an inner–city hospital located in Atlanta, Dr. Brawley
witnesses the disastrous effects of healthcare disparity first–hand. Healthcare disparities are vast
differences in quality and access to care between socioeconomic classes. "health care disparities
refer to differences in health and health care between population groups. Disparities occur across
many dimensions, including race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, location, gender, disability
status, and sexual orientation "(KFF, 2016). As Brawley describes to us, Grady is a hospital that
demonstrates health disparity at its worst. Brawley describes Grady as " a monument to racism,
Racism is built into it, as is poverty, as is despair." (Brawley, 2011).

Barriers And Disparities In Health Care
Barriers and Disparities in Healthcare
Barriers to healthcare include factors that restrict or hinder people from receiving adequate and
quality health care service. Health care disparities are those differences that negatively affects less
advantaged group (Mehta, 2014). Health care barriers play a significant role in comprehending
causes of disparities. This paper will discuss the obstacles and disparities that exist and affects
healthcare.
Barriers that Exist and Affected Healthcare
Financial barriers to access health care are common in a low–income family when they are
uninsured or underinsured. Many uninsured and undocumented immigrant received federal and state
health care coverage. Latinos and African American are the ethnicities that are disproportionally get
affected. Limited access to a doctor when they are sick, taking non–prescribed medication and
holding off recommended treatment is only some of the problems they encountered (Carrillo et al.,
2011).
A structural barrier means the availability of health care system. It can be found inside or outside
health care facilities. These restrictions may include availability and proximity of facilities,
transportation to access health care services and problems with child care (Carrillo et al., 2011).
Some patients bring their whole family including their kids when seeking care at the ED due to lack
of childcare. As a result, these children have a higher risk of getting sick themselves.
Finally, cognitive barriers are

Health Disparities Essay
There are three categories that summarize health disparities in the U.S. The first is disparities that
have a social or economic cause rather than a biological cause. An example of this would be that the
death rates of black American men are 26 percent higher than that of white men. Also, the death
rates of black American woman are 19 percent higher than that of white women. An explanation for
this is because blacks have a lower socioeconomic status than white. The reason for this is because
blacks are more likely than white to never graduate high school, or graduate high school but not go
to college (Barr, 43). Therefore, those with low socioeconomic status can't afford to go to the doctor
which results in a health disparity. The second category

Health Disparities: A Case Study
The Boston Public Health Commission (n.d.), states the terms, health disparities and health
inequalities are interchangeable and refers to them as the differences in the presence of disease,
health outcomes, or access to health care between population groups injustices, which contribute to
certain populations susceptibility to substandard health care, in comparison to other populations.
Similarly, Dilworth–Anderson, Pierre, and Hilliard (2012) define health disparities as "differences in
treatment provided to members of different racial or ethnic groups that are not justified by the
underlying health conditions or treatment preferences of patients" (p. 26), and are prevalent in many
facets of health care in the United States, including eldercare.

Health Disparities In America
Through the weekly courses, lectures and readings, I have learnt a lot about racial and ethnic
disparities, racism amongst minorities (Hispanics, African American–Black, Asians, Latinos).
America is a nation of immigrants and their health and healthcare consists of multi–ethnic
immigrant stories. I want to share some thoughts on racial and ethnic health disparities, on why I
think that America is still a racist nation and racism is so insidious and pervasive. Health disparity is
defined as a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or
environmental disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have
systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Also, I would certainly spread Public and Provider awareness and through this effort we can change
the thinking of the people and various health care providers to treat minorities equally as whites. If
disparities in health are to be alleviated, a collective effort to address all factors that influence health
status must be undertaken. There is also a need of spreading awareness about taking health
insurance among minorities. People of color have experienced an adverse impact on themselves and
on their communities from barriers to get into the society and to engage in the democratic process.
In so many ways I find that remark still characterizes human relations in America today. Our nation
needs to be healthy and there is no excuse for the disparities minorities face when it comes to their

Health Disparities mean the challenges someone faces when trying to gain access to healthcare due
to racial or socioeconomics issues. "Health disparities focused on documenting differences in the
prevalence and incidence of disease and solutions focused on addressing health behaviors and
access to health care" (Kotch, p. 244, 2013). There are many issues associated with trying to gain
access to healthcare, which are improving daily.
Which racial/ethnic groups are more likely to be affected by health disparities?
The Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer/questioning group are more likely affected by
health disparities because they are more diverse group. LGBTQ community "has many racial/ethnic
and socioeconomic background which are referred to as a sexual and gender ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe the main cause for health disparities is the number of people affected by a disease during a
given period. The "difference in prevalence and incidence rate of a disease have focused on the
behaviors and access to healthcare" (Kotch, p.244, 2013). These risk behaviors and sexual
preference have made groundbreaking contributors o health disparities. However, there are many
causes of health disparities, but the main thing affecting people from healthcare access is their
socioeconomic factors.
What are reasons for disparities in access to health care?
There are many reasons for disparities in the access health care. However, the government are
focusing of different groups at a time to better improve access to health care. For instance, they have
implemented different programs to improve the health of infants and mother's. Another group that
are receiving great benefits is the African American population. "African American women and
infants are more likely to be poor, and therefore a higher proportion of this group are eligible for
Medicaid (Kotch, p. 245, 2013).
How can health disparities be

Braveman uses health disparities as a way to measure how close we are to reaching health equity.
She defines equity in health as the "absence of systematic disparities in health" between those who
are well off and those who aren't. This is important because, compared to other proposed definitions,
it requires comparisons among more and less advantaged social groups. Although it's not suitable for
nontechnical audiences, her definition reflects social justice concerns, something others failed to do.
People often confuse equity with equality but the main goal of health equity is providing equal
opportunities for everyone to be as healthy as possible while focusing selectively on improving
conditions for those who have had fewer opportunities (15). In contrast, equality would be providing
the equal opportunities but not taking into consideration those, for example, who won't be able to
take full advantage of them for reasons beyond their control. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, women are said to have a longer life expectancy than men, meaning they live longer. When
one first hears this, they might think it's not a disparity because gender is something inevitable.
However, there are things one has to take into consideration that, if focused on, might change the
gap between the life expectancies. It is acceptable for men to smoke and do heavy drinking but
women are looked down upon if they engage in those behaviors. Men are also expected to do the
labor work or work that includes dangerous lifting or other activities whereas women are less
expected to be in the work force and rarely put into occupations where they have to do manual
work. Therefore, focusing on regulating and slowly eliminating the risks of smoking, drinking,
driving (drunk driving in particular), and working conditions, for example, can help narrow the gap
between the male and female life

Ethnic Disparities In Health Care
Although most American citizens today associate racial and ethnic disparities in public health care
quality with socioeconomic status, a majority of studies performed conclude that these discrepancies
are still highly prevalent when the factor of one's socioeconomic status is taken out of the equation.
Health disparities for a certain minority result in a higher number of illness, injury, and even
mortality for that race or ethnicity in comparison to white Americans; therefore, health care
disparities can be defined as differences between groups in health coverage, specifically focusing on
both the quality and access to care. The Office of Management and Budget has created two ethnic
categories for all American citizens to fit into, being either ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
With this increased research and effort, Americans would be able to intervene and make positive
impacts with the state, tribal, and local levels to best address health disparities and inequalities. In
efforts to thwart ethnic and minority disparities, The Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) passed the HHS Disparities Action Plan in order to establish "a nation free of disparities in
health and health care, (Cooper 97)" and to implement a series of priorities, strategies, actions, and
goals to achieve this vision. States, local communities, private organizations, and providers have
additionally engaged in efforts to reduce health disparities. With the HHS Disparities Action Plan,
the Department continuously assess policies and programs on racial and ethnic health disparities,
watching to see which policies make an impact on the level of health care received by minorities.
Similarly, The Affordable Care Act (ACA) health coverage expansions significantly increase
coverage options for low and moderate income populations and particularly benefit the "vulnerable
populations." The ACA also includes provisions to strengthen the safety–net delivery system,
improve

Combating Healthcare Disparities Essay
Combating Healthcare Disparities Disparities in healthcare are a real and urgent problem in our
nation. There is indisputable data supporting the fact that disparities exist not only across different
racial groups, but also across the cultural and economic stratification of our society. Moreover, there
is even data showing disparities among each of these respective groups along gender lines. So what
can be done about these disparities to assure that all patients receive equal and adequate care? Well,
there are certainly many political and governmental changes or modifications that would go a long
way towards narrowing the gaps in healthcare, but such changes are beyond the scope of this paper.
Instead, I will focus on the steps that I, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although this is a major contributing factor to healthcare disparities, it may also be the most easily
correctable! In many cases, something as simple as educating the providers about the healthcare
needs of their underserved patients and eliminating misguided and unfounded stereotypes and
preconceptions can dramatically reduce the disparities arising from this factor. In this respect, I feel
fortunate in the sense that I have had the opportunity to attend a medical school that realizes the
importance of this issue and has taken every possible opportunity to educate and train myself and
my fellow colleagues about the implications of these disparities in healthcare. As such, I feel
confident that, thanks to my knowledge and awareness of the problem, I can prevent this factor from
causing disparities in care within my own practice. As mentioned previously, another factor that may
contribute to disparities in care is the choice of location for a practice. Many patients, particularly
those who are economically disadvantaged, may have difficulty commuting to a practice that is far
from their community, especially if it is outside of the area serviced by public transportation.
Furthermore, even if they can make it to the practice, they may be placing themselves at an even
further economic

Disparities in health care are significant in the United States and the root causes are multifactorial.
Social determinants of health such as poverty, socioeconomic status, access to resources, and patient
education influence health outcomes. Emerging data has shown health literacy as a potential
contributor to health disparities that impact health and lifestyle choices (Yee, 2017). Health literacy,
characterized as a skill set necessary to understand health information, involves communication
skills of both patient and health professionals as well as cultural factors. For example, low health
literacy has been shown to contribute to health disparities, especially in racial and ethnic minorities
(Hill–Briggs, 2012). As a result of an increasingly diverse ethnic/cultural and racial ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the National Assessment of Adult Literacy, only 12 percent of American adults have
proficient literacy in written materials and the greatest decline occurred among White adults and
persons with a high school diploma, GED, or vocational education (Hill–Briggs, 2012). It has been
shown that sufficient, functional health literacy positively impacts health outcomes and influences
individuals' overall well–being (Friedman, 2006). Furthermore, health numeracy, or understanding
calculations, math concepts, and displays to make proper health decisions, affects patient's ability to
manage self–care and chronic– disease management (Koh, 2015). For example, a person's ability to
measure medications accurately, calculate blood sugar levels, and understand nutrition labels can be
affected by poor health numeracy. These findings suggest an interventional approach needed to
assess health information for all patients with varying health literacy and numeracy

Health Disparities In America
Maketa Jolly
IDS 400
Health Disparities
February 15, 2015
Often the term "disparities" is related to a specific racial or ethnic group of people, many variations
of disparities exist in America, mainly in regards to health. If any outcome from health disparities
can be ascertained is populations and regions in America.
Healthy People 2020 creates a compilation of reports in an effort to pinpoint area of disparities
among populations, demographics and geographical location. "In 2008 more than 33% or more than
one million people identified themselves as ethnic or minority" (Healthy People 2000) In 2008 51%
of those people were women (Healthy People 2020).
Major disparities continue to exist in spite of America's "Affordable Care Act", Although minorities
suffer disease five times greater than the rest of the nation, minorities represent the majority of the
disparity. Infant Mortality has always been America's indicator as to the state of the countries health
status. America is one of the wealthiest and most powerful nations in the world, However, America
ranks number 24th in the world for infant mortality. Puerto Rican and Indian women rank highest
among ethnic classes with low infant mortality rates. Some researchers have found lack of prenatal
access as the key contributing factor to low mortality and birth weights among these two ethnic
classes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Early detection, screening and prevention, often times is not provided by mainstream America to
support programs that benefit all American's. Often Minority groups are sometimes five years after
preventative screening before tests are available to

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