Electricity becomes crucial component of the contemporary era. The great demand of the electricity creates the tress on the production and distribution. The imbalance between the demand and supply and increasing requirement of the electricity becomes a crisis. Thus this paper aims to make aware of the present electricity scenario and electricity deficiency problem and leading role of the alternative energy sources for future survival. For the present analysis the data and information collected from the various published and unpublished reports and websites. Otherwise the primary facts are collected from the various states board of electricity generations and distributions in India. The analyzed results are represented in various forms. The analysis revels that, the demand of electricity is increasing due to the technological progress. The conventional sources of energy unable to fulfill the increasing demand of the electricity. It is need to focus on the renewable power sources. India has high potential of the renewable resources. The enormous renewable sources of energy in India developed properly, it defiantly fulfill the requirements of the energy.

1. ELECTRICITY CRISIS
&
Its Alternatives
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

2. Introduction
Power plays a great role wherever man lives and works.
The living standard and prosperity of a nation vary directly
related with the increase in the use of power. The electricity
requirement of the world is increasing at an alarming rate due
to industrial growth, increased and extensive use of electrical
gadgets. As human needs know no bounds, today most of the
nations worldwide have been passing through a phase of
power deficit.
2
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

3. Introduction cont….
The crisis is more critical among the developing
nations. In India, energy demand is increasing at the
rate of 9% per annum and supply is not keeping pace.
Present deficit of electrical energy is 8%. The
increased power demand, depleting fossil fuel
resources and growing environmental pollution have
led the world to think seriously for other alternative
sources of energy.
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaseDr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

4. The main OBJECTIVE’S of this presentation is…
1) To make aware of the present electricity scenario.
2) To make aware of electricity deficiency problem
and leading role of the alternative energy sources
for future survival.
4
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

5. Electricity means...
Electricity is the science, engineering, technology and
physical phenomena associated with the presence and
flow of electric charges. Electricity gives a wide variety of
well-known electrical effects, such as lightning, static
electricity, electromagnetic induction and the flow
of electrical current in an electrical wire.
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

6. Generation of the Electricity:
• Generation of the electricity has carried out through using
various resources such as nuclear, hydro, thermal, coal, oil,
gas, solar energy, wind tide, etc…
Composition of Electricity by Resource (TWh per year 2008)
Count
ry
Fossil Fuel
Nucle
ar
rank
Renewable Bio
total rank
Coal Oil Gas
sub
rank
Hydr
o
Geo Solar Solar
Wind Tide
sub
rank
other
*
total
Ther
mal
PV*
Ther
mal
total
World
total
8,26
3 1,111 4,301
13,67
5- 2,731 - 3,288 65 12 0.9 219 0.5 3,584 - 271
20,26
1-
Propor
tion 41% 5.50% 21% 67% - 13% - 16% 0.30% 0.06% 0.00% 1.10% 0.00% 18% - 1.30% 100% -
India
569 34 82 685 5 15 12 114- 0.02 - 14 - 128 6 2 830 5
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

7. Generation of the Electricity cont….
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

8. Generation of the Electricity cont….
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

9. Consumption of the Electricity
• Electricity has invaded our lives and has become vital in almost all
aspects of society today. The list of uses will fill a book but here are a
few headings:
• Agriculture,
• Industry,
• Transport,
• Domestic uses,
• Entertainment etc.
• The list is by no means complete. Take a look around you: if it moves,
lights up or makes a noise, it probably uses electricity.
9
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

10. Sr.No. Sector Consumption
(Billion KWh)
Percentage of
Usages
1. Agriculture Pumping 92.33 18.43
2. Commercial Buildings/
Establishments with connected load
> 500 KW
9.92 1.98
3. Municipalities 12.45 2.49
4. Domestic 120.92 24.14
5. Industry (Including SMEs) 265.38 52.97
Total 501.00 100
Consumption of the Electricity cont….
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Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

11. Per Capita Energy Consumption
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000 USA
China
RussianFederation
Japan
India
Germany
Canada
France
UnitedKingdom
SouthKorea
WorldAverage
11
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

12. Energy Balance of India
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Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

13. Problemof Electricity
(Electricity Crises)
India is in a severe energy crisis that will continue to
increase in severity. Because of the lack of energy resources,
some Indian households go without electricity for several days.
Energy demands in the future will continue to increase as
India’s population (over one billion) continues to grow. Power
Shortage is a major problem for India - leads to compounded
problems with Low frequency, tripping of generators and Load
shedding in nearly all parts of the country.
13
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

14. Problems of the Electricity Sector
• Social: About half of the houses are yet to be electrified, cost of power
increasing rapidly, large problem of rehabilitation of displaced people
• Environmental: Problems associated with mining, ash disposal, dams,
air pollution, and CO2 emissions
• Technical & Managerial Performance: Power shortages, bad service
quality, etc.
• Financial Crisis: 35-50% of electricity lost in transit (~half is estimated
to be theft), high cost - long term contracts with IPPs, inability to recover
costs
• Planners remained focused on Financial crisis
14
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

15. Demand and Supply Gap
15
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

16. Demand and Supply Gap cont….
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Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

17. Power Loss
Equipment Power
Loss
Inst. Base Loss Million
Units/day
Loss
(Cr. Rs./year)
Stabiliser 20% 10 Million 20.00 2,190.00
Inverter/UPS 50% 50 Million 12.50 1,368.75
Pumps 66% 11 Million 116.16 12,719.52
Motors 60% 5 Million 48.00 5,256.00
Others - - 36.19 3,962.81
Pilferage 29% - 613.87 67,218.77
Total=> 846.72 92,715.85
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

18. Challenges and Issues facing India
• Demand far exceeds generation capacity
• Lack of transmission and distribution capacity
• Remote locations too expensive to provide electric service
• Lack of O&M for existing infrastructure
• Lack of financial resources for infrastructure development
• Lack of development of technologies for the generation of
electricity from renewable energy sources
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

19. Challenges andIssues facing India cont…
• Inadequate power generation capacity;
• Lack of optimum utilization of the existing
generation capacity;
• Inefficient use of electricity by the end consumer;
• Inadequate inter-regional transmission links;
• Huge T&D losses (theft) and skewed tariff structure,
making SEBs unviable
19
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

20. Indian Power Sector Long term Trends
20
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

21. Alternatives
Basic concept of alternative energy
relates to issues of sustainability,
renewability and pollution reduction. In
reality alternative energy means anything
other than deriving energy via fossil fuel
combustion.
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

22. It Includes:
• Wind energy
• Solar energy
• Biogas / Biomass energy
• Energy from Waste
• Hydrogen energy,
• Tidal energy,
• Geothermal energy, etc…
22
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

23. Advantages of renewable energy technologies
• Indigenous source available in considerable
quantities
• Most of the renewable are free for the taking,
• No pollution or ecological balance problem
• Conserve foreign exchange
• Generate local employment
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Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

24. • Provide energy in environmentally benign manner
• Short gestation period and low investment.
• Enhance income.
• Avoid distribution losses
• Avoid recurring fuel cost
• Provide sustainable fuel systems etc.
Advantages of renewable energy technologies cont…
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Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

25. Renewable Energy (RE)
Development Potential in India
• India has all the necessary Renewable Resources:
• Abundant Solar Energy (> 200,000 MW by 2030*)
• Abundant sites for harnessing Wind Energy near the sea shore
and other windy sites (> 100,000 MW by 2030*)
• Large potential to tap Small Hydro Power plants
• Vast land resources for production of Biomass & Bio-fuels
25
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

26. Renewable Energy (RE)
Development Potential in India cont…
Potential of Renewable Energy in
India (MW) Source
Potential Installed
Capacity
Solar >200,000* 38
Wind >100,000* 14157
Biomass 20,000 997
Small Hydro (< 25 MW) 30,000 3042
Co-generation- Biogases 15,000 1667
Waste 10,000 72
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Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

27. Conclusions
The demand of energy is growing owing to the
development. Due to the problems associated with the
development of conventional sources of energy, the focus is
now being shifted to renewable energy sources. India has
potential of renewable energy source in abundance, which if
developed properly can augment the growing demand of the
energy. There is a need to make full use of renewable energy
technologies to harness the untapped potential in cost
effective manner and fulfil the energy demand.
27
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)

28. 28
Dr. Malhari N. SurvaHRDC, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP)