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DISKUSI TOPIK
EKG
Pembimbing: dr. David Dwi Ariwibowo, Sp. JP
Penyusun:
Risky Suharianto, Tjen - 406172077
Roderick Samuel Prentice – 406181068
Kepaniteraan Klinik Ilmu Penyakit Dalam
RS Royal Taruma
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumangara
Jakarta 1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Lead Lokasi
V1 (merah) ICS 4 sternal line dextra
V2 (kuning) ICS 4 sternal line sinistra
V3 (hijau) Di antara V2 dan V4 (pasang V4 dulu)
V4 (coklat) ICS 5 midclavicula line sinistra
V5 (hitam) Sejajar V4 axillary anterior line sinistra
V6 (ungu) Sejajar V5 midaxillary line sinsitra
Merah Tangan kanan
Kuning Tangan kiri
Hitam Kaki kanan
Hijau Kaki kiri
Lead Lokasi
II, III, aVF Inferior (right coronary artery)
I, aVL, V5, V6 Lateral (left circumflex artery)
V1, V2 Septal (left anterior descending artery)
V3, V4 Anterior (left anterior descending artery)
INTERPRETASI EKG
1. Rhythm : Sinus bila setiap kompleks QRS didahului oleh gelombang P
2. Heart rate : Normal 60-100x/menit
3. Regularity : keteraturan jarak antara puncak-puncak gelombang R
4. Axis : jumlah amplitude RS pada lead I dan avF positif = normal axis
5. P wave : normal 2 ½ X 2 ½ kotak kecil
tinggi > 2 ½ kotak = P pulmonal
lebar > 2 ½ kotak = P mitral
10
11
6. PR Interval : normal 3-5 kotak kecil (0,12”-0,2”)
memanjang 1’ degree heartblock
7. QRS complex : Q patologis lebar > 1 kotak kecil dan dalamnya > 1/3 R
R wave progression positive
R di V5 tingginya < 25mm
R biphasic bila ada 2 puncak gelombang
8. QRS Interval : maksimal 2 ½ kotak kecil (0,1”)
9. ST Segment : normal 2 mm di atas / bawah garis isoelectric
ST yang up sloping = normal
ST depresi / elevasi ditandai garis datar yang jelas
ST depresi = ischemia; ST elevasi = infarct
10. T Wave : tinggi minimal 1 mm; flat/inverted = ischemia;
T inverted pada V1 = normal
MENGHITUNG HEART RATE
 Reguler =
 300 / jumlah kotak besar di antara 2 gelombang R
 1500 / jumlah kotak kecil di antara 2 gelombang R
 Ireguler =
 Jumlah gelombang R selama 6 detik (5 kotak besar) X 10
 Normal = 60-100 x/m 12
13
AXIS
14
15
P WAVE
 Lebar dan tinggi < 2,5 kotak kecil
 Selalu positif di lead II
 Selalu negative di lead aVR
 P Pulmonale = tinggi > 2,5 kotak kecil
P mitrale = lebar > 2,5 kotak kecil
 Untuk mengetahui kelainan atrium
16
17
PR INTERVAL
 Normal = 3-5 kotak kecil
 Interval PR abnormal =
gangguan konduksi pada
nodus AV
 Memanjang = AV Block
 Memendek = Wolff-
Parkinson-White Syndrome
18
QRS COMPLEX
 Normal = lebar 0.06”-0,12” (1,5-3 kotak kecil); tinggi
tidak lebih dari 1/3 gelombang R
Melebar = > 0.12” (3 kotak kecil)  tanda ada
gangguan konduksi intraventricular (Bundle Branch
Block)
 Tidak ada Q patologis  infark miokard
 R wave progression = gelombang R yang semakin
membesar pada V1-V6
Poor R wave progession = patologis  infark
miokard
 R biphasic  RBBB / LBBB
19
20
21
22
ST SEGMENT
 Normal = di garis isoelektrik
 ST Elevasi = > 1 kotak kecil pada limb lead dan > 2 kotak kecil pada
precordial lead di atas garis isoelektrik (minimal terdapat di 2 lead
yang berhubungan  bermakna)
 Infark miokard
 ST Depresi = > 0,5 kotak kecil di bawah garis isoelektrik
 Iskemia miokard
23
24
25
T WAVE
 Gelombang yang ditimbulkan dari repolarisasi
ventrikel
 Normal =
- minimal 1 mm
- maks 10 mm di precordial lead
- maks 5 mm di limb lead
 T inverted = iskemia
 T flat = < 1 mm  kemungkinan hypokalemia
 T tall = > 10 mm di precordial lead atau > 5 mm
di limb lead  hiperkalemia
26
27
28
Cornell criteria:
R wave in aVL and the S wave in V3.
If the sum is > 28 mm in males or > 20 mm in females
Modified Cornell Criteria:
Examine the R wave in aVL. If the R wave is > 12 mm in amplitu
Sokolow-Lyon Criteria:
S wave in V1 plus the R wave in V5 or V6. If the sum is > 35 mm
LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY (LVH) - ECG CRITERIA
The sum of the S wave in V1 and the R wave in V5 or V6 is > 35 mm. (Tall R
A.Normal ECG prior to MI
B.Hyperacute T wave changes - increased T wave amplitude and width; may
C.Marked ST elevation with hyperacute T wave changes (transmural injury)
D.Pathologic Q waves, less ST elevation, terminal T wave inversion (necrosis
(Pathologic Q waves are usually defined as duration ≥ 0.04 s or ≥ 25% of R-
E.Pathologic Q waves, T wave inversion (necrosis and fibrosis)
F.Pathologic Q waves, upright T waves (fibrosis)
It is important to rethink the approach to the ECG and to
maintain a high index of suspicion for PMI when the following
findings are seen on the standard ECG:
- ST-segment depression (horizontal >> downsloping or upslop
- Prominent upright T-waves in leads V1-V3
- Combination of horizontal ST-segment depression with
- Prominent R-waves in leads V1-V3
- R/S ratio > 1 in lead V2
- Co-existing acute inferior and/or lateral myocardial infarction
50
51
52
53
54
55
56

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Diskusi Topik - EKG.pptx

  • 1. DISKUSI TOPIK EKG Pembimbing: dr. David Dwi Ariwibowo, Sp. JP Penyusun: Risky Suharianto, Tjen - 406172077 Roderick Samuel Prentice – 406181068 Kepaniteraan Klinik Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RS Royal Taruma Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumangara Jakarta 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. 3
  • 4. 4
  • 5. 5
  • 6. 6
  • 7.
  • 8. 8
  • 9. Lead Lokasi V1 (merah) ICS 4 sternal line dextra V2 (kuning) ICS 4 sternal line sinistra V3 (hijau) Di antara V2 dan V4 (pasang V4 dulu) V4 (coklat) ICS 5 midclavicula line sinistra V5 (hitam) Sejajar V4 axillary anterior line sinistra V6 (ungu) Sejajar V5 midaxillary line sinsitra Merah Tangan kanan Kuning Tangan kiri Hitam Kaki kanan Hijau Kaki kiri Lead Lokasi II, III, aVF Inferior (right coronary artery) I, aVL, V5, V6 Lateral (left circumflex artery) V1, V2 Septal (left anterior descending artery) V3, V4 Anterior (left anterior descending artery)
  • 10. INTERPRETASI EKG 1. Rhythm : Sinus bila setiap kompleks QRS didahului oleh gelombang P 2. Heart rate : Normal 60-100x/menit 3. Regularity : keteraturan jarak antara puncak-puncak gelombang R 4. Axis : jumlah amplitude RS pada lead I dan avF positif = normal axis 5. P wave : normal 2 ½ X 2 ½ kotak kecil tinggi > 2 ½ kotak = P pulmonal lebar > 2 ½ kotak = P mitral 10
  • 11. 11 6. PR Interval : normal 3-5 kotak kecil (0,12”-0,2”) memanjang 1’ degree heartblock 7. QRS complex : Q patologis lebar > 1 kotak kecil dan dalamnya > 1/3 R R wave progression positive R di V5 tingginya < 25mm R biphasic bila ada 2 puncak gelombang 8. QRS Interval : maksimal 2 ½ kotak kecil (0,1”) 9. ST Segment : normal 2 mm di atas / bawah garis isoelectric ST yang up sloping = normal ST depresi / elevasi ditandai garis datar yang jelas ST depresi = ischemia; ST elevasi = infarct 10. T Wave : tinggi minimal 1 mm; flat/inverted = ischemia; T inverted pada V1 = normal
  • 12. MENGHITUNG HEART RATE  Reguler =  300 / jumlah kotak besar di antara 2 gelombang R  1500 / jumlah kotak kecil di antara 2 gelombang R  Ireguler =  Jumlah gelombang R selama 6 detik (5 kotak besar) X 10  Normal = 60-100 x/m 12
  • 13. 13
  • 15. 15
  • 16. P WAVE  Lebar dan tinggi < 2,5 kotak kecil  Selalu positif di lead II  Selalu negative di lead aVR  P Pulmonale = tinggi > 2,5 kotak kecil P mitrale = lebar > 2,5 kotak kecil  Untuk mengetahui kelainan atrium 16
  • 17. 17
  • 18. PR INTERVAL  Normal = 3-5 kotak kecil  Interval PR abnormal = gangguan konduksi pada nodus AV  Memanjang = AV Block  Memendek = Wolff- Parkinson-White Syndrome 18
  • 19. QRS COMPLEX  Normal = lebar 0.06”-0,12” (1,5-3 kotak kecil); tinggi tidak lebih dari 1/3 gelombang R Melebar = > 0.12” (3 kotak kecil)  tanda ada gangguan konduksi intraventricular (Bundle Branch Block)  Tidak ada Q patologis  infark miokard  R wave progression = gelombang R yang semakin membesar pada V1-V6 Poor R wave progession = patologis  infark miokard  R biphasic  RBBB / LBBB 19
  • 20. 20
  • 21. 21
  • 22. 22
  • 23. ST SEGMENT  Normal = di garis isoelektrik  ST Elevasi = > 1 kotak kecil pada limb lead dan > 2 kotak kecil pada precordial lead di atas garis isoelektrik (minimal terdapat di 2 lead yang berhubungan  bermakna)  Infark miokard  ST Depresi = > 0,5 kotak kecil di bawah garis isoelektrik  Iskemia miokard 23
  • 24. 24
  • 25. 25
  • 26. T WAVE  Gelombang yang ditimbulkan dari repolarisasi ventrikel  Normal = - minimal 1 mm - maks 10 mm di precordial lead - maks 5 mm di limb lead  T inverted = iskemia  T flat = < 1 mm  kemungkinan hypokalemia  T tall = > 10 mm di precordial lead atau > 5 mm di limb lead  hiperkalemia 26
  • 27. 27
  • 28. 28
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. Cornell criteria: R wave in aVL and the S wave in V3. If the sum is > 28 mm in males or > 20 mm in females Modified Cornell Criteria: Examine the R wave in aVL. If the R wave is > 12 mm in amplitu Sokolow-Lyon Criteria: S wave in V1 plus the R wave in V5 or V6. If the sum is > 35 mm LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY (LVH) - ECG CRITERIA The sum of the S wave in V1 and the R wave in V5 or V6 is > 35 mm. (Tall R
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. A.Normal ECG prior to MI B.Hyperacute T wave changes - increased T wave amplitude and width; may C.Marked ST elevation with hyperacute T wave changes (transmural injury) D.Pathologic Q waves, less ST elevation, terminal T wave inversion (necrosis (Pathologic Q waves are usually defined as duration ≥ 0.04 s or ≥ 25% of R- E.Pathologic Q waves, T wave inversion (necrosis and fibrosis) F.Pathologic Q waves, upright T waves (fibrosis)
  • 45.
  • 46. It is important to rethink the approach to the ECG and to maintain a high index of suspicion for PMI when the following findings are seen on the standard ECG: - ST-segment depression (horizontal >> downsloping or upslop - Prominent upright T-waves in leads V1-V3 - Combination of horizontal ST-segment depression with - Prominent R-waves in leads V1-V3 - R/S ratio > 1 in lead V2 - Co-existing acute inferior and/or lateral myocardial infarction
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. 50
  • 51. 51
  • 52. 52
  • 53. 53
  • 54. 54
  • 55. 55
  • 56. 56

Editor's Notes

  1. 1st degree AV Block = interval PR memanjang tapi konstan 2nd degree AV Block = - Mobitz 1 = interval PR memanjang progressive, ada kompleks QRS yang hilang - Mobitz 2 = interval PR tidak memanjang, ada kompleks QRS yang menghilang 3rd degree AV Block = gelombang P dan kompleks QRS berjalan sendiri-sendiri