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TLVs for heat stress

This document summarizes the steps for assessing heat stress in the workplace according to guidelines from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). It involves first doing a screening analysis using the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index to see if an action limit is exceeded. If so, general controls are implemented. If the screening level exceeds the threshold limit value (TLV), more detailed analysis may be needed using a method like the Predicted Heat Strain index. The screening process involves measuring WBGT, applying clothing adjustment factors, and comparing the adjusted WBGT to tables of action limits and TLVs based on workload and work/rest cycle allocation.

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Mike Slater
Threshold Limit Values ® (TLVs) for heat stress are included in the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) TLV booklet
TLVs® are guidelines designed for use by occupational hygienists in making decisions regarding safe levels of exposure to various chemical substances and physical agents found in the workplace.
This flowchart summarises how to apply the TLV’s. However. It’s quite complex. We’ll go through it step by step
General approach Detailed Heat Strain Screening Analysis Monitoring
General approach Detailed Heat Strain Screening Analysis Monitoring
Heat Stress NO STOP expected? YES SCREENING
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES
TLV Clothing Corrections Clothing Type WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES If no clothing adjustment factors are available, go straight to heat strain (physiological) monitoring
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES This may be necessary, for example, where chemical protective suits are being worn
TLV Clothing Corrections Clothing Type WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
Work out the WBGT from the results of environmental measurements and apply the clothing corrections
WBGT Index No direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.3 tg With direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.2 tg + 0.1 ta
Compare the corrected WBGT with the Action Limit Values
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
To use this table you have to know • the time spent working and resting • the metabolic rate
Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Examples Rate (W) Sitting Rest 115 Sitting or standing Light 180 Light hand / arm work Walking Moderate 300 Moderate lifting Heavy materials handling Heavy 415 Pick and shovel work Very Heavy 520
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
So, for a job involving moderate work where 75% of the time is spent working and 25% resting
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 If the adjusted WBGT is below this value the Action Limit is not exceeded
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Low Risk Limit exceeded? YES
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES NO If the Action Limit is Are screening exceeded then the WBGT criteria for TLV exceeded? value is compared with the TLV criteria YES
ACGIH TLVs – Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement criteria for TLV general exceeded? controls YES
General Information, instruction & training controls Regular drinks of water Self regulation Health screening and surveillance Encourage reporting symptoms Encourage healthy lifestyles Monitoring
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement Continue work criteria for TLV general Maintain controls exceeded? controls Monitor YES
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement Continue work criteria for TLV general Maintain controls exceeded? controls Monitor YES
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES If the TLV is exceeded, consider carrying out a more detailed analysis using a more sophisticated method, such as the Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) index
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit exceeded? YES
The Action Limit referred to here is that associated with the index being used NOT the ACGIH Action Limit
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit exceeded? YES
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Low Risk exceeded? YES
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO TLV exceeded? YES
The TLV referred to here is the limit value associated with the index being used NOT the ACGIH Screening TLVs
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO TLV exceeded? YES
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO Implement TLV exceeded? general controls YES
Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES
Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES What if the TLV is exceeded?
Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring
Physiological assessment Core Temperature Heart rate
Personal Monitor
Miner’s Core Temperature & Heart Rate Source: OHTA.
Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES
Guidelines for limiting Heat Strain Factor Work should be discontinued if: Heart rate (beats per minute) Greater than 180 minus age in years Core temperature Greater than 38.5 0C (acclimatised) Greater than 38.0 0C (unacclimatised) Recovery heart rate 120 (beats per minute) (at one minute after peak work) Other Symptoms of sudden and severe fatigue, nausea, dizziness or lightheadedness
Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES
Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES Implement Job- specific controls
Job-specific controls Engineering controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment
Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES Implement Job- specific controls
Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES Implement Job- specific controls
 At workstation  Ta = 24 0C  Tw = 22 0C  Tg = 28 0C  V = 0.4 m/s Work involves monitoring process Minimal manual effort required Standard overalls worn
WBGT Index No direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.3 tg With direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.2 tg + 0.1 ta
 At workstation  Ta = 24 0C  Tw = 22 0C  Tg = 28 0C  V = 0.4 m/s WBGT = 23.8 0C
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES
TLV Clothing Corrections Clothing Type WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Rate (W) Rest 115 Light 180 Moderate 300 Heavy 415 Very Heavy 520
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 WBGT = 23.8 0C
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Low Risk Limit exceeded? YES
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES
Boiler Cleaning Air Wet Globe Air temp. bulb temp. velocity (0C) temp. (0C) (m/s) (0C) Start of work 34 19 51 0.2 After 5 hours 32.5 18.5 51.5 0.2 Heavy manual effort required Standard overalls worn
Boiler Cleaning Air Wet Globe Air temp. bulb temp. velocity (0C) temp. (0C) (m/s) (0C) Start of work 34 19 51 0.2 After 5 hours 32.5 18.5 51.5 0.2 WBGT = 28.6 0C
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES
TLV Clothing Corrections Clothing Type WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Rate (W) Rest 115 Light 180 Moderate 300 Heavy 415 Very Heavy 520
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 WBGT = 28.6 0C So Action Limit is exceeded
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO criteria for TLV exceeded? YES
ACGIH TLVs – Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0
ACGIH TLVs – Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0 WBGT = 28.6 0C So TLV is NOT exceeded provided work is restricted to 50% of shift
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement criteria for TLV general exceeded? controls YES
Reduce risk  Allow boiler to cool down before starting work
Working methods  Mechanical aids  Self pacing
Manage exposure time  Implement work:rest regime  Work restricted to 25% to 50% of work cycle
Provide information, instruction and training  Risks  Good working practice  Symptoms to look out for
Provide water  Drink at regular intervals
Health surveillance  Pre-placement medical screening  Regular health checks  Encourage reporting of symptoms
Encourage healthy lifestyle  Diet  Exercise  Moderate alcohol consumption
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement Continue work criteria for TLV general Maintain controls exceeded? controls Monitor YES
Furnace Repair Air Wet bulb Globe Air temp. temp. temp. velocity (0C) (0C) (0C) (m/s) 98 45 150 1 Heavy manual effort required Thick, woollen clothing worn
Furnace Repair Air Wet bulb Globe Air temp. temp. temp. velocity (0C) (0C) (0C) (m/s) 98 45 150 1 WBGT = 76.5 0C
TLV Clothing Corrections Clothing Type WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
TLV Clothing Corrections Clothing Type WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
Furnace Repair Air Wet bulb Globe Air temp. temp. temp. velocity (0C) (0C) (0C) (m/s) 98 45 150 1 Corrected WBGT = 79.5 0C
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Rate (W) Rest 115 Light 180 Moderate 300 Heavy 415 Very Heavy 520
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
ACGIH TLVs – Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 Corrected WBGT = 79.5 0C So Action Limit is exceeded
Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO criteria for TLV exceeded? YES
ACGIH TLVs – Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0
ACGIH TLVs – Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0 Corrected WBGT = 79.5 0C So TLV is exceeded
Are screening criteria for TLV exceeded? YES NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES Perform heat strain (physiological) Detailed analysis monitoring
http://www.slideshare.net/mikeslater mike@diamondenv.co.uk http://diamondenv.wordpress.com Twitter: @diamondenv Mike Slater
Mike Slater, Diamond Environmental Ltd. (mike@diamondenv.co.uk) This presentation is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike UK:International Licence

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TLVs for heat stress

  • 1.
  • 2.
    Threshold Limit Values® (TLVs) for heat stress are included in the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) TLV booklet
  • 3.
    TLVs® are guidelinesdesigned for use by occupational hygienists in making decisions regarding safe levels of exposure to various chemical substances and physical agents found in the workplace.
  • 4.
    This flowchart summariseshow to apply the TLV’s. However. It’s quite complex. We’ll go through it step by step
  • 5.
    General approach Detailed Heat Strain Screening Analysis Monitoring
  • 6.
    General approach Detailed Heat Strain Screening Analysis Monitoring
  • 7.
    Heat Stress NO STOP expected? YES SCREENING
  • 8.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES
  • 9.
    TLV Clothing Corrections ClothingType WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
  • 10.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES If no clothing adjustment factors are available, go straight to heat strain (physiological) monitoring
  • 11.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES This may be necessary, for example, where chemical protective suits are being worn
  • 12.
    TLV Clothing Corrections ClothingType WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
  • 13.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
  • 14.
    Work out theWBGT from the results of environmental measurements and apply the clothing corrections
  • 15.
    WBGT Index No direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.3 tg With direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.2 tg + 0.1 ta
  • 16.
    Compare the correctedWBGT with the Action Limit Values
  • 17.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 18.
    To use thistable you have to know • the time spent working and resting • the metabolic rate
  • 19.
    Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Examples Rate (W) Sitting Rest 115 Sitting or standing Light 180 Light hand / arm work Walking Moderate 300 Moderate lifting Heavy materials handling Heavy 415 Pick and shovel work Very Heavy 520
  • 20.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 21.
    So, for ajob involving moderate work where 75% of the time is spent working and 25% resting
  • 22.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 23.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 24.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 25.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 26.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 If the adjusted WBGT is below this value the Action Limit is not exceeded
  • 27.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Low Risk Limit exceeded? YES
  • 28.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES
  • 29.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES NO If the Action Limit is Are screening exceeded then the WBGT criteria for TLV exceeded? value is compared with the TLV criteria YES
  • 30.
    ACGIH TLVs –Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0
  • 31.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement criteria for TLV general exceeded? controls YES
  • 32.
    General Information, instruction & training controls Regular drinks of water Self regulation Health screening and surveillance Encourage reporting symptoms Encourage healthy lifestyles Monitoring
  • 33.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement Continue work criteria for TLV general Maintain controls exceeded? controls Monitor YES
  • 34.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement Continue work criteria for TLV general Maintain controls exceeded? controls Monitor YES
  • 35.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES If the TLV is exceeded, consider carrying out a more detailed analysis using a more sophisticated method, such as the Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) index
  • 36.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit exceeded? YES
  • 37.
    The Action Limitreferred to here is that associated with the index being used NOT the ACGIH Action Limit
  • 38.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit exceeded? YES
  • 39.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Low Risk exceeded? YES
  • 40.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES
  • 41.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO TLV exceeded? YES
  • 42.
    The TLV referredto here is the limit value associated with the index being used NOT the ACGIH Screening TLVs
  • 43.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO TLV exceeded? YES
  • 44.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO Implement TLV exceeded? general controls YES
  • 45.
    Detailed analysis NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES NO Action Limit Continue work Low Risk exceeded? Monitor YES NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES
  • 46.
    Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES What if the TLV is exceeded?
  • 47.
    Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring
  • 48.
    Physiological assessment CoreTemperature Heart rate
  • 49.
  • 50.
    Miner’s Core Temperature& Heart Rate Source: OHTA.
  • 51.
    Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES
  • 52.
    Guidelines for limitingHeat Strain Factor Work should be discontinued if: Heart rate (beats per minute) Greater than 180 minus age in years Core temperature Greater than 38.5 0C (acclimatised) Greater than 38.0 0C (unacclimatised) Recovery heart rate 120 (beats per minute) (at one minute after peak work) Other Symptoms of sudden and severe fatigue, nausea, dizziness or lightheadedness
  • 53.
    Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES
  • 54.
    Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES Implement Job- specific controls
  • 55.
    Job-specific controls Engineering controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment
  • 56.
    Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES Implement Job- specific controls
  • 57.
    Heat strain monitoring NO Implement Continue work TLV exceeded? general Maintain controls controls Monitor YES Perform heat strain (physiological) monitoring Excessive heat NO strain based on monitoring? YES Implement Job- specific controls
  • 60.
     At workstation  Ta = 24 0C  Tw = 22 0C  Tg = 28 0C  V = 0.4 m/s Work involves monitoring process Minimal manual effort required Standard overalls worn
  • 61.
    WBGT Index No direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.3 tg With direct exposure to sunlight WBGT = 0.7 tnwb + 0.2 tg + 0.1 ta
  • 62.
     At workstation  Ta = 24 0C  Tw = 22 0C  Tg = 28 0C  V = 0.4 m/s WBGT = 23.8 0C
  • 63.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES
  • 64.
    TLV Clothing Corrections ClothingType WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
  • 65.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
  • 66.
    Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Rate (W) Rest 115 Light 180 Moderate 300 Heavy 415 Very Heavy 520
  • 67.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 68.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 WBGT = 23.8 0C
  • 69.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Low Risk Limit exceeded? YES
  • 70.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES
  • 72.
    Boiler Cleaning Air Wet Globe Air temp. bulb temp. velocity (0C) temp. (0C) (m/s) (0C) Start of work 34 19 51 0.2 After 5 hours 32.5 18.5 51.5 0.2 Heavy manual effort required Standard overalls worn
  • 73.
    Boiler Cleaning Air Wet Globe Air temp. bulb temp. velocity (0C) temp. (0C) (m/s) (0C) Start of work 34 19 51 0.2 After 5 hours 32.5 18.5 51.5 0.2 WBGT = 28.6 0C
  • 74.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES
  • 75.
    TLV Clothing Corrections ClothingType WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
  • 76.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
  • 77.
    Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Rate (W) Rest 115 Light 180 Moderate 300 Heavy 415 Very Heavy 520
  • 78.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 79.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 80.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 WBGT = 28.6 0C So Action Limit is exceeded
  • 81.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO criteria for TLV exceeded? YES
  • 82.
    ACGIH TLVs –Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0
  • 83.
    ACGIH TLVs –Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0 WBGT = 28.6 0C So TLV is NOT exceeded provided work is restricted to 50% of shift
  • 84.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement criteria for TLV general exceeded? controls YES
  • 85.
    Reduce risk  Allowboiler to cool down before starting work
  • 86.
    Working methods  Mechanicalaids  Self pacing
  • 87.
    Manage exposure time Implement work:rest regime  Work restricted to 25% to 50% of work cycle
  • 88.
    Provide information, instruction andtraining  Risks  Good working practice  Symptoms to look out for
  • 89.
    Provide water  Drinkat regular intervals
  • 90.
    Health surveillance  Pre-placementmedical screening  Regular health checks  Encourage reporting of symptoms
  • 91.
    Encourage healthy lifestyle Diet  Exercise  Moderate alcohol consumption
  • 92.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO Continue work criteria for Action Low Risk Monitor Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO Implement Continue work criteria for TLV general Maintain controls exceeded? controls Monitor YES
  • 94.
    Furnace Repair Air Wet bulb Globe Air temp. temp. temp. velocity (0C) (0C) (0C) (m/s) 98 45 150 1 Heavy manual effort required Thick, woollen clothing worn
  • 95.
    Furnace Repair Air Wet bulb Globe Air temp. temp. temp. velocity (0C) (0C) (0C) (m/s) 98 45 150 1 WBGT = 76.5 0C
  • 96.
    TLV Clothing Corrections ClothingType WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
  • 97.
    TLV Clothing Corrections ClothingType WBGT Correction Work clothes (long sleeve and pants) 0 Cloth (woven material) coveralls 0 Double layer woven clothing 3 SMS polypropylene coveralls 0.5 Polyolefin overalls 1 Limited use vapour-barrier overalls 11
  • 98.
    Furnace Repair Air Wet bulb Globe Air temp. temp. temp. velocity (0C) (0C) (0C) (m/s) 98 45 150 1 Corrected WBGT = 79.5 0C
  • 99.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening NO criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES
  • 100.
    Metabolic rate categories Category Metabolic Rate (W) Rest 115 Light 180 Moderate 300 Heavy 415 Very Heavy 520
  • 101.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
  • 102.
    ACGIH TLVs –Action Limit Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 28.0 25.0 - - 50% to 75% 28.5 26.0 24.0 - 25% to 50% 29.5 27.0 25.5 24.5 0 to 25% 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 Corrected WBGT = 79.5 0C So Action Limit is exceeded
  • 103.
    Screening NO Clothing adjustment factors available? YES Are screening criteria for Action Limit exceeded? YES Are screening NO criteria for TLV exceeded? YES
  • 104.
    ACGIH TLVs –Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0
  • 105.
    ACGIH TLVs –Screening TLV Allocation of Workload work in work Light Moderate Heavy V ery cycle heavy 75% to 100% 31.0 28.0 - - 50% to 75% 31.0 29.0 27.5 - 25% to 50% 32.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 0 to 25% 32.5 31.5 30.5 30.0 Corrected WBGT = 79.5 0C So TLV is exceeded
  • 106.
    Are screening criteria for TLV exceeded? YES NO Are data available for detailed analysis? YES Perform heat strain (physiological) Detailed analysis monitoring
  • 107.
  • 108.
    Mike Slater, DiamondEnvironmental Ltd. (mike@diamondenv.co.uk) This presentation is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike UK:International Licence