Director Of Fice Of Homeland Security Essay

Director Of Fice Of Homeland Security Essay
Subject: Director of the Office of Homeland Security Purpose: To provide information to the Mayor,
Law enforcement, First Responder, Department Head and office managers. Background: Mohamed
Barry 30, injured four people with machete outside of a restaurant in Columbus, Ohio, who was
subsequently killed by police, this man was on known by the FBI, however he was not being
investigated, later he was identified in a law enforcement data base as a potential terrorist. Should
this have happened in our state? No many of you have said, so the next question is what the City of
Painesville is doing to prevent this from happening in Painesville. I have been asked to prepare an
informative report to address the safety of our city. Here I have included information that will assist
all department in ensure that the safety of our citizens, city are meet. As Director of Homeland
Security my function is to pull together, evaluate, preserve and circulate data that will support local,
state and federal law enforcement agencies, administration agencies, and private sector to identify,
avert, thwarting while preparing for the response and recovery from hazards and threats of terrorist
circumstances, as pursuant to O.R.C § 5502.03 (The Library of Congress, 2007). I've include
information which I believe will help assist each department head present to better understand
homeland security function and responsibility to ensure the security of our city. Also include is the
legal basis for
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U.s. Government Should Not Spend Money On Nuclear Terrorism
You may have heard about nuclear terrorism, chances are you heard about it on a news channel like
Fox or CNN. They often describe it as dangerous, something to spend billions on to prevent. Our
Government speaks of it in the same way, making legislation and attacking countries on the other
side of the planet and often not finding the nuclear devices they so often speak about. Thousands of
people are hurt, killed, and traumatised from the fight between terrorists and governments over
nuclear power. However this threat is not as big as it seems, in fact it 's a much smaller issue than
most people assume it is. The U.S. Government should not spend money on Nuclear Terrorism, it is
a waste of time and resources. Most Technology our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The team was sent out to investigate the threat, far away from any major cities, and making the
bomb potentially easier to detect. Eventually they found an intensive reading of radiation coming
from a wooden box, but this was not a bomb. The Radiation had come naturally from the soil, and
they never found an actual bomb. This goes to show, their technology is inaccurate and not powerful
enough to detect an actual bomb. After a field exercise called Mirage Gold, designed to allow the
FBI, NEST, and various other teams to test their skill in locating a nuclear bomb, A comment in the
Nevada Operations Office report notes that it would be "a drastic mistake to assume that NEST
technology and procedures will always succeed, resulting in zero nuclear yield." Even with pre
warning it can be difficult to find a nuclear bomb, and oftentimes there isn 't even a bomb. Most of
the NEST deployments only had at most 45 people out of the about 600 available, which shows that
things aren 't as dangerous as they're blown up to be. If these terrorists were truly dangerous, we'd
be using far more resources than we have. So why bother at all? Instead of searching for bombs
built by nuclear terrorism, we should spend our time and money and

Cyber, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear ( Cbrn )...
Vulnerability to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Terrorism
Introduction
A key issue in Homeland Security and Emergency Management today is the country 's vulnerability
to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism. The increasing proliferation of
CBRN weapons all over the world is a primary security challenge due to their indiscriminate and
destructive nature. CBRN weapons inflict physical damage, provoke panic, and result in societal, as
well as economic disruption. As such, this form of terrorism is a major source of concern for
emergency response organizations and departments in the United States. Despite the relatively low
rates of utilization by state and non–state actors today, the risk posed by CBRN weapons is too high
for security organs to simply ignore. A principal incentive for CBRN terrorism across the world is
its ability to disrupt entire state sectors and cause widespread contamination. As a result, it is
important to study a nation 's vulnerability to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
(CBRN) terrorism.
Research Question
1. What is the relationship between the rate of proliferation of CBRN weapons and the country 's
vulnerability to CBRN terrorism?
Research Hypotheses
1. The rate of proliferation of CBRN weapons has a direct impact on the country 's vulnerability to
CBRN terrorism.
2. There is a correlation between the nature of terrorist groups and a country 's level of vulnerability
to CBRN

Anti Missile Anti American Rhetoric
and the output amount designated by the U.N. as safe. It also calls for unrestricted inspections by the
International Atomic Energy Agency or IAEA on all of Iran's nuclear sites, for use and production
output. The argument for this potential purchase and the countries defensive anti–American rhetoric
could be looked at as a matter of self–defense and nationalist pride. As the P5+1 talks have come to
agreement, Israel Prime Minister Netanyahu has openly threatened to conduct airstrikes against Iran
if an agreement was reached. These threats by Israel against Iran would in–fact give them plausible
reasoning to seek anti–missile technology in the case that they were attacked by Israel. Similarly,
the rhetoric as argued by Middle East hmm bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbeye journalist and Director
of Communications for the American Iranian Council argues, "Islamic Republic's leaders must
reconcile their revolutionary anti–Americanism with their unprecedented public diplomatic
engagement with the US". This argument is stating that the Supreme ruler Ayatollah Khamenei must
continue to use condemning and often threating rhetoric to appease the Iranian people while they
negotiate with that same country http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/iran–s–anti–american–
rhetoric–good–sign–nuclear–negotiations–1883514815#sthash.JUCSZySG.dpuf Even if the
purchase of equipment from Russia is realized, there have been concerns that the purchase occurs
soon after the P5+1 agreement were reached and

The Power Of Terrorism: Weapons Of Mass Destruction
After the terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001, and the increasing threat of an oncoming attack
using a weapons of mass destruction (WMD) device placed a lot of fear in the public of NATO
allied countries. Much of the world realized terrorism had advanced in their abilities and willingness
to cause great harm and panic, and it was a matter of time before terrorism turned to more advanced
weapons, and possibly soon WMD devices will be used in an attack on an allied nation. After this
realization, NATO received much political pressure from its allied countries to establish a plan to
combat terrorism, with special focus in combatting weapons of mass destruction.
During the Prague Summit in 2002, NATO agreed to a transformation of the NATO

State Sponsored Terrorism Analysis
Terrorism is the systematic use of violence by a group of people in order to intimidate a population
or coerce a government into granting its demands. There are different types of terrorism like, State,
Foreign, and Domestic. State terrorism is the systematic use of terror by a government in order to
control its population. Additionally, there is religious terrorism which is terrorism that is motivated
by religious ideologies. Foreign terrorism is committed outside the US, while Domestic is
committed inside the US. The Palestinian Liberation Organization is the first terrorist organization
in the middle east (PLO). The organization was led by Yassir Arafat until his death in 2004. Created
in 1964, the main goal of the organization was the "liberation of Palestine." Additionally, the
Palestinian fight against Israel has been coordinated by the PLO. Israel has permitted the
organization a limited form of government in much of the West Bank and Gaza, called the
Palestinian Authority. Most Palestinians are not satisfied with either the territory or the power
granted to them by Israel. They want to continue fighting for control of the entire territory between
the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Al–Qaeda is a terrorist organization that is responsible
for most of the anti–US terrorism during the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three levels of State Sponsored Terrorism which are the following: providing sanctuary
for terrorists wanted by other countries, supplying weapons, money and intelligence to terrorists,
and planning attacks using terrorists. Some countries that give state support for terrorism are
Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran. Afghanistan provided sanctuary for al–Qaeda leaders, including Osama
bin Laden. Iraq had biological and chemical weapons that could have gone to al–Qaeda due to their
close links. Iran was accused of harboring al–Qaeda members and developing nuclear

Lone Wolf Terrorism Speeches
Hello Everyone,
Welcome to week 3! This week we are discussing whether we feel that the United States is properly
prepared for terror attacks. I wish with all my heart that I could say yes. However, I can't bring
myself to say it with confidence. I will say that there are places in the United States that are more
prepared than others. This could be for several reasons. One of the most significant reasons is that
some areas of the country have already had firsthand experience with terror attacks. As horrible as it
may be, they have had the opportunity to see where their weaknesses may have been during the
response and can adjust their policies accordingly. This is common with Emergency Management.
Areas that are regularly struck ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This includes weapons that may involve nuclear, chemical, or biological threats. For this, we have
programs and equipment that are designed to located and stop any malicious NBC threats before
they happen. In regard to radioactive materials, The United States conducts inspections of shipping
containers that are bound for the United States to detect if there is any radioactive materials that
shouldn't be there. One device that can assist with this is the Personal Radiation Detector. This
machine is a highly sensitive device that sounds an alarm when it detects radiation. More than
10,500 are used by federal officer and agents at American ports and highway checkpoints (EPA,
2017). Similarly, Radiation Portal Monitors are devices that check cargo as it passes through the
portal (EPA, 2017). This is an attempt to stop nuclear materials before they can make it into the
country. Detecting chemical agents can also be done with some accuracy. One piece of equipment
that assists with this is called the Joint Chemical Agent Detector (JCAD) (Department of
Commerce, 2018). This device is about as big as a VHS tape and will light up and blare an alarm if
it detects nerve agents such as sarin gas or blister agents such as mustard gas (Department of
Commerce, 2018). Lastly, detecting biological agents can be difficult. Generally, lab results

Terrorism : Terrorism And The Practice Of Terrorism
It depends on how you define terrorism, but the practice of terrorism can be traced back to at least to
the 1st–century AD. Oxford Dictionary defines terrorism as; the unlawful use of violence and
intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. Edmund Burke says that
the term "terrorism" itself originally meant the actions of the Jacobin Club during the "Reign of
Terror" in the French Revolution. "Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible,"
said Maximilien Robespierre. Martha Crenshaw states that in January 1858, Italian patriot Felice
Orsini threw three bombs trying to assassinate French Emperor Napoleon III. Eight bystanders were
killed and 142 injured. The incident played a crucial role as an inspiration for the development of
the early terrorist groups. In the 19th century, powerful, stable, and affordable explosives were
developed, global integration reached unprecedented levels and often radical political movements
became widely influential. Ben Saul has noted that a "A combination of pragmatic and principled
arguments supports the case for defining terrorism in international law", including the need to
condemn violations to human rights, to protect the state and deliberative politics, to differentiate
public and private violence, and to ensure international peace and security. Carlos Diaz–Paniagua,
who coordinated the negotiations of the proposed United Nations Comprehensive Convention on
International Terrorism,

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Domestic Terrorism
Domestic terrorism in America
In America we have a lot of domestic terrorism. Domestic terrorism didn't become a problem until
the 9/11 terror attacks on September 11 2001 in New York City when planes were hijacked hit the
buildings and killed over 3,000 people. Since then there have been over 10 major terror attacks in
the United States. Five of which have been been the most effective to the United States the five are
Pulse nightclub shooting, the two church shootings, Las Vegas massacre, San Bernardino California
shooting. Domestic terrorism started in New York when a bomb exploded on Wall Street in the
financial district in the 1950s and 1960s. The pros to domestic terrorism is that it makes our country
stronger and knows what to

The Four Main Types Of Radiological And Nuclear Terrorism
Describe the four main types of radiological and nuclear terrorism (25 points). The four main types
of radiological and nuclear terrorism are Chemical, Biological, Radiological and nuclear (CBRN)
attacks. These types of attacks can have deadly consequences and significantly impact a country if
an attack is carried out. Not only can causality rates be high, but there can also be significant
economic consequences as well. Chemical attacks involve the use of chemical agents that are man–
made gases, liquids, or powders that can have incapacitating or lethal effects on humans. Most
chemical weapons fall into five broad categories: blister, nerve, choking, blood, and incapacitating
(Forest & Howard, 2013). Chemical agents will vary in their degree of potency and volatility.
Depending on how volatile or potent the agent is, the stronger the effects of agent will be on
humans. Biological weapon attacks involve the intentional release of a pathogen or bio–toxin
against humans, animals, or plants (Forest & Howard, 2013, pg. 113). Similar to chemical attacks,
biological attacks can cause, death, illness, and societal disruption. Additionally, these attacks can
cause widespread economic damage by poisoning agriculture crops and livestock. Biological attacks
can be carried out by dispersing the pathogen through aerosol mechanisms, food and water supplies,
and infected animals. A radiological attack is the intentional spreading of radioactive material with
the intent to do

Terrorism Is Just A Terrible Thing?
Terrorism is just a terrible thing to hear about when it takes place. The people and the world would
be better if we did not have it in our world. We all know that terrorism affects we, the people,
greatly when it strikes. On the other hands, how does it affect the ones that try to fight and prohibit
terrorism at hand, the police. Terrorism affects the police in hundreds of different ways. Police have
to know what to do and how to deal with terrorism, which requires much more all around training.
Police get more powers when it comes to terrorism, which means spending more money. This also
means the government allocating the police more funding.
Although it has a great impact on the country, it has a greater impact on the standards and duties
expected of law enforcement agencies at all three levels (national, state, and local). To help prevent
future terrorist attacks, law enforcement is implementing new all around training tactics.
Information sharing among all three levels of law enforcement is a key aspect that terrorism has
brought about. Terrorism has also brought a change to the policing style. We have witnessed a
change from a traditional style to militarized style of policing. Furthermore, after the tragedies of
September 11th, the practices of law enforcement have been impacted by the recently enacted
legislation and the creation of new federal levels or agencies in efforts to secure our borders and
protect the people and our nation from radicalism. These changes

Terrorism, The Nuclear Hazard And Black Market
In the spectrum of modern international politics the key preeminent threats to security and the sense
of freedom from those threats are terrorism, the nuclear hazard and black market in materiel. These
three security issues, not only affect national and international security, but also societal and
economic security. Terrorism, has maintained the status as a preeminent threat in the modern world
today, but has also become a worldwide phenomenon that has impacted not only in the Middle East
but also in the Western World alike. Terrorism has rapidly become a increasing security issue as
attacks upon "innocent non combatants" (Howard, L, 1992) have proliferated around the world, and
are no longer an occurrence that can be conveniently ignored by society, that can not only
undermine and make superpowers appear vulnerable, but instils fear into civilians and governments
alike. In addition to these factors, economy expert Kimberly Amadeo surveyed the economic
security of the United States after the September 2001 twin tower bombings that killed 2993 and
injured 8900 people. Amadeo (2014) found that the 2001 attacks caused the Dow Jones to drop
more than 600 points, subsequently leading to the 2001 recession. This puts the security issue of
terrorism into not only the category of national and societal security, but also that concerning the
national economy that increases in volatility, as the relationship between the "political structures of
international anarchy" (Makinda,

Role Of The Department Of Homeland Security
Role of the DHS in Counterterrorism
On September 11, 2011, the United States observed the tenth anniversary of the worst terrorist
attacks in the history of the United States . The creation of many anti–terrorism organizations was a
clear message that this threat is beyond a single military or intelligence capacity. Our citizens
demanded a strong response that would prevent any future terrorist threat. President Bush created
the Department of Homeland Security as the key agency responsible for all anti–terrorism activities
to protect our homeland. Government officials and law makers introduced anti–terrorism laws and
measures to allow key intelligence and counterterrorism agencies to protect us from terror.
Outlining the role of the Department of Homeland Security depicts how this agency was able to
coordinate multi agency work to achieve one common goal,; to protect American citizens. The DHS
has played a valued role in protecting our nation against terrorism while engaging in a joint agency
task force to avoid any deficiencies or miscommunication that might allow terrorists the openings to
attack us. The Department of Homeland Security made counterterrorism its first and ultimate goal
by "detecting explosives in public spaces and transportation networks, helping protect critical
infrastructure and cyber networks from attack, detecting agents of biological warfare, and building
information–sharing partnerships with state and local law enforcement that can enable law

The Threat Of Nuclear Terrorism
The USA has reported Nuclear Terrorism as the number one issue that all Americans are facing
today. Nuclear Terrorist attacks in Paris, San Bernardino, California, and New York have raised
tension between the US and other countries, especially Islamic countries such as Iran. Nuclear
terrorism has killed many innocent people around the globe. It has become the subject of debate in
the USA since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 (Muller, 2016). Nuclear arms ' production
is one of the root cause of the nuclear terrorism, therefore, increase in nuclear arms ' production has
resulted in an increase in Nuclear Terrorist attacks. The USA and other five countries have
introduced the Iran Nuclear Deal to stop Nuclear Terrorism. I believe that the USA should also
concentrate in other sectors such as education, poverty, and job opportunities in Iran to reduce
Nuclear terrorism. Education will spread awareness among citizens and will result in the citizens '
involvement in a high–earning job rather than in Nuclear Terrorism to earn money. Poverty
problems have compelled Iranians to get involved in terrorism. Therefore, improvement in the
standard of living is required. Additionally, implementation of the Iran Nuclear Deal will reduce
production of Nuclear arms which will lead to the reduction in Nuclear Terrorism.
Nuclear Terrorism has created fear, concern, lack of protection, and distrust towards the USA
government (Muller & Stewart, 2016). Since history, the USA and Iran

The Themes Of Bullets And Train By Adeerus Ghayan
Bullets and Train is a nuclear–terrorism novel that has been written by a Pakistani writer namely
Adeerus Ghayan.He is a Pakistani based author. He got his first English novel published in the year
2014.He has published eleven books in English up till now. All of his novels focus on religio–socio–
politico–military issues. He has also written numerous short stories. He has co–authored a book on
Autism as well. Recently he has started writing Science fiction and Techno–Thrillers. He has also
started writing a novel which focuses on Australia. According to him, he writes on those issues
which no one talks or argues about in Pakistan. In this novel, he has drawn our attention towards
many issues which are considered taboo in Pakistan. Actually, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another theme of the novel, we can say, is the nexus between the terrorists and the criminals. The
terrorists rely on the criminal organization to achieve their monstrous and evil designs. We have also
seen another side of the terrorists in which sacred and spiritual fundamentalists have used their
religion for personal gain; a view that hasn't been surveyed in Western composition and literature.
The author has kept South Asian people in his mind when putting together the plot as the corruption
and lack of education is famous in South Asia. The people in the subcontinent are not well educated
and don't understand the system of the government due to which the whole sub–continent has
brimmed over with corruption. The criminals are now increasing day by day as the illiterate people
are joining the criminal organizations for the sake of money. Only the military is working hard to
fight and eliminate terrorists. The involvement of the foreign nations in the country politics has
destroyed the country. The foreign nations have drones which are playing a vital role in destroying
the society. The terrorists are increasing because of the poverty and illiteracy. The writer has also
focused on oppression of the government. He has explained that everything is controlled by the
government now days and the people aren't in their control now. The people

The Five Causes Of Terrorism
Terrorism is an act of violence as a way to create fear and terror to achieve a political, religious, or
ideological aim. This term originated from the 18th century around the time of the French
Revolution but was becoming popular in the media while President Ronald Reagan was president.
Then after the 1983 Beirut bombing and again after the horrible attack from 911. Terrorism changed
a lot in an Ameriican helped make the United States more aware and gain more security as far as
TSA security in airports and border and custom patrol. There are five types of terrorism Dissent,
State Sponsored, religious, Quasi, and the left and right terrorism. Terrorist often targets civilians
and noncombatants and are usually sub–national. The common causes of terrorism are for personal
and individual based such as negative identity and moral disengagement. Other cause can be
because of civilization or culture clashes and religious conflict.
State Sponsored terrorism is committed by the governments and their agencies enemies internally or
externally on a state or government and is the most organized terrorist act. State terrorism is states
and the government support of certain polices coming from intimidation and violence and feeling
repressed. For example, when the Hutu government in Rwanda killed approximately 500,000 Tutsi
as an act of terror for the assassination of the Rwandan president. Terrorism is different groups that
have rebelled against their government, certain people, or

Terroism
Terrorism Paper
Stacy McCarson
CJS/235
July 2016
Viviyonne Lee
Terrorism Paper Terrorism is a critical issue that the world faces today. The stressful part is not
knowing when an attack will happen and the location. Terrorism not only effects the people but the
government as well because its purpose is a political reason. According to Federal Bureau
Investigation (2016), "Terrorism is the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in
furtherance of political or social objectives." The United States has had many attacks and attempted
attacks against the government and citizens.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bioterrorism involves intentional release of any biological agents to harm civilians in order to gain
attention from the government. A prime example of bioterrorism is a couple of incidents shortly
after the 9/11 incidents where letters containing anthrax spores had been mailed to Democratic
politicians killing 5 people and 17 others were infected. Cyberterrorism happens when terrorist
attack computers and networks while nuclear terrorism uses nuclear weapons to achieve their goals.
Terrorist has a way of choosing their targets and victims. Terrorists use a rational cost and benefit
analysis in choosing their targets. After all to plan an attack requires planning and preparation. This
is why they have something called "attack cycle" that have six–stages. These six–stages are known
as target selection, planning, deployment, perform attack, escape and exploitation. Terrorist choose
targets that have symbolic values and that will have the greatest media attention and reaction. One
way to accomplish this mission is by killing a large amount of people at one time. The reason for
gaining media attention is to not only show the victims that have died or been injured by the attack
but also by the public witnessing the events. This brings the entire world to victimization.
Law enforcements have been putting into plans efforts to combat terrorism. The United States has

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Weapons
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS:
THE NEXT FACE OF TERRORSM
A Master Thesis (Draft)
Submitted to the Faculty of American Public University by Brock A. Lindsey
Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts
July 2015
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
The reality that countries like North Korea, Iran, and Iraq are working on ballistic missiles. And that
terrorists who fly no national flag are trying to acquire chemical and biological weapons.
–George J. Tenet, June 14, 2001
I. Introduction Terrorism is far from new to nations around the world. Attacks that make the
headlines in international news occur almost daily. However, each act of terrorism provides its own
goal or objective, which may or may not have a different aim than a previous attack, which makes
the threat even more difficult to prevent. Terrorism is a concept that is hard to define, but many
government organizations and authors around the world have defined or attempted to provide a
definition of terrorism. In spite of the lack of a single definition, terrorism is commonly referred to
as a phenomenon because it is constantly evolving. This, in turn, makes terrorism even more
difficult to predict and forecast.
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) have been a significant fear since the attacks of 9/11. Al–
Qaeda's use of airplanes as a weapon became the cause of mass terror and destruction to the
American people as well as the world. The threat of Chemical, Biological,

State Sponsor Terrorism Case Study
For the countries that State Sponsor Terrorism (SST), the United States has several different ways it
combats and handles these rogue nations, mostly through the use of sanctions. One country that has
become a repeat offender of sponsoring terrorism is Iran. Since the 1979 Islamic revolution, Iran's
clerical leadership has worked with a range of terrorist groups to advance its own overall interests in
the Middle East and abroad (Byman, #2, 2015, Pg.1).
Over thirty years later, this use of terrorism has continued and remains an important foreign policy
instrument for the Iranian regime as it antagonizes the neighbors in the Middle East and with the
United States (Byman #2, 2015, Pg. 2). Iran has been considered a State Sponsor of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
1). This looming radiological attack in Syria backed by the Iranian regime, elected to employ State
Sponsored Terrorism as its primary means, due to desiring an attack that was much bigger than
anything before, but also to be able to use this attack as a statement piece as to show how the Iranian
regime exactly feels about the U.S. involvement in the Middle East. The Iranian government has
several strategic goals for their way of doing so–called business, as the U.S. knows and calls it,
State Sponsor Terrorism. Associating with terrorist groups and employing them to do the regime's
dirty work, keeps Iran's hands clean to some extent. It is just like hiring a "hit man". By staying out
of the actual attack, although supporting it, doesn't make you the aggressor and therefore keeps you
somewhat out of reach for a counter–attack. They way the Iranian regime views it, you are
technically not the responsible party and are therefore not the target. In the past, Iran has worked
with and through terrorist groups like Hizballah or using its own operatives in a clandestine way,
which enables the regime to be able to distance itself from attacks and thus often evade
responsibility (Byman #2, 2015, Pg. 4). An example of this was in the 1996 Khobar Towers
bombing, where Iran was ultimately found to be responsible, but proving Iran's culpability made it
far harder to

Non-State Actors And Terrorism
Non–state actors and terrorism in international relations are complicated subjects seeing it in
different perspectives. Non–state actors see themselves as freedom fighters, whereas the victims see
them as terrorists. There isn't a solid definition on terrorism however, there are three different
qualities that defines a terrorist. Violence is a quality that causes destruction of properties and
murder within states. Targeting civilians is another quality that terrorist have because they use them
to create examples to threaten state actors. Finally the most important quality out of all is political
purposes because without it, it would be a group of sick people who slaughter other people out of
pleasure. Non–states actors, and terrorism existed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using violence, targeting civilian, and having a political goal is three main qualities that defines a
terrorist because without it any of these qualities it would be either a protest or group of
psychopaths killing civilians. In the movie "Olympus Has Fallen" shows the violence of killing
innocent people, causing destruction of properties and taking president as hostage for political
reasons. Kang Yeonsak the antagonist of the movie wanted to turn United States of American into an
irradiated wasteland and watch them suffer as revenge for his family. There are similar historical
examples of terrorism that happened such as the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 nearly killed
2,500 innocent people in the World Trade Center and 1979–1980 Iran hostage crisis using hostage
as blackmail toward the government for exchanges of

The Strategic Challenges Of Homeland Security
The six strategic challenges that the Department of Homeland Security has identified as
"...prevailing challenges that pose the most strategically significant risk" are: terrorism, cyber
terrorism, nuclear terrorism, biological concerns, transnational criminal organizations, as well as
natural hazards (Department of Homeland Security. 2014). These six challenges all pose a threat to
the safety of the homeland and because of that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS has to
issue a review to Congress every four years. They talk about the threats that currently face the
nation as well as the near future outlook of threats. Once the updated risks have been establishes the
missions within homeland security regarding these threats include: "The prevention of terrorism and
the enhance of security, the securing and managing of the nation's borders, the enforcement and
administration of the nation's immigration laws, safeguarding and securing cyberspace, and the
strengthening national preparedness and resilience (Week 3 Lesson). Terrorism is something that
everyone is aware of and how is effects our country. Many were around when September 11, 2001
and for those people is really brought the threat home. Prior to these attacks, there was the thought
that knowing something could happen on our homeland but I am not sure that anyone ever thought
that it would be as dramatic and deadly as it was. Since then, the Department of Homeland Security
has been formed and new rules have

Pros And Cons Of Nuclear Terrorism
This week's articles presented a well–balanced discussion on the prospect of nuclear terrorism.
Some may say that the threat of a nuclear device being acquired or otherwise constructed for use in
a terrorist attack is high and others would dissent and say the probability is low, each offering valid
arguments. My assessment is that the seriousness of the current threat is extreme, however the risk
is relatively low.
If a terror group procures or successfully constructs a nuclear weapon, many obstacles have already
been overcome and detonating one in a populated area would likely prove less problematic than the
act of getting the device, even with security measures in place. Detonation of a crude device,
yielding approximately 10 kilotons, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Especially interesting this week was the paper discussing a nuclear armed Iran and its consequences
and many possible outcomes. Since America seems interested in paving the way for a nuclear Iran, I
hope a complete analysis has been done, but fear that it has not; however, that is a discussion for
another time. My personal thoughts and lessons learned is that the nuclear deterrent works when
rational actors are involved as it did during the Cold War between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
Unfortunately, radical Islamists, such as those controlling Iran, are not rational actors and I fear the
threat of a nuclear terror attack will only increase over the next decade as they care little for regime
preservation and only about a radical violent

Terrorism: A Growing Threat
Throughout history, terrorists have struck fear in the eyes of many people by using threats and
violence to further political beliefs. Terrorism can be shown in many different ways; however, there
are only two main types of terrorism: international and domestic. International terrorism usually
occurs outside the jurisdiction, or boundaries, of the United States. Domestic terrorism is the exact
opposite, occurring mostly within the jurisdiction of the United States.
The violence of terrorism is usually comprised of assassination, destruction, or kidnapping. There
have been thousands of known terrorist attacks, which means that many of them were successful,
however, most are not. There is almost always a motive behind a terrorist ... Show more content on
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The Klan was known for killing African Americans in order to intimidate them and keep them away
from voting polls. They would also kill white supporters who stood up for civil rights. In many
instances, members of the Ku Klux Klan would use other tactics to terrorize African Americans such
as threats to loved ones or small children in order to keep protesters quiet. "Because of the secrecy
surrounding the Klan's activities and the unfortunate public support of some of its actions, arrests
and convictions were few and far between (Azzata1)." The Ku Klux Klan dissolved at the end of the
Reconstruction era, but re–emerged during the civil rights movement in order to prevent African
Americans from gaining full citizenship rights that were equal to the white man.
Another domestic terrorist group began in 1938 and lasted throughout World War II. This
organization was known as the Christian Front. The Christian Front believed that Jews were
responsible for the Russian Revolution and the Spanish Civil War. They feared that Jews were going
to turn the United States into a communist country. Leaders of the Christian Front were arrested in
New York City. Stolen guns and ammunition were found and the leaders were charged with running
a covert militia movement. This caused Congress to pass the first Federal gun control law.
Many people believe that the Holocaust was an example of terrorism but this is simply not true. The

Metropolis Terrorism Incident Preparedness Strategy
Metropolis Terrorism Incident Preparedness Strategy
The constantly changing nature of terrorism mandates that Metropolis continues to press forward to
develop a vision and strategy that defines their terrorism preparedness objectives. Employing insight
and identifying eight risk areas, Metropolis has developed this terrorism incident preparedness plan.
The intent of this document is to provide Metropolis guidance and cohesion to support agencies
during a terrorist event using reactionary and resiliency planning. Moreover, the plan will consist of
three parts. Part I will discuss four reactionary and four resiliency areas, Part II identifies impacted
segments of the areas discussed in Part I, and Part III will provide detailed step–by–step ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The four potential risk areas associated with reactionary planning include tourist facilities and
special events, college research institutions, government facilities, and telecommunications and
radio stations.
The City of Metropolis offers a wide assortment of cultural opportunities with attractive locations
for tourists seeking a vacation, and local citizens and retirees looking for year–round recreational
opportunities. Oceanside features various tourist attractions with 25 miles of beach that provide
residents and tourist with a major theme park, watersports, other recreational activities, movie
theaters, restaurants, and shops. Year–round programs and special events include concerts and
performances that attract large crowds, college and professional sport leagues that attract attendance
between 20,000 and 70,000 fans, golf tournaments, and jazz festivals and concerts. This level of
activity, combined with the size and scope of tourist facilities and events is an area of concern for
tourist facilities and special events because they have several "soft" targets, and have the potential to
influence terrorist attacks. Because the city's population is culturally diverse, Metropolis' tourist
facilities and special events are attractive to domestic and international terrorists and terrorist
groups; therefore, it is an essential part of the reactionary plan for the

Terrorism Analysis Paper
My research, analysis paper is on terrorism. I decided on terrorism because it is a topic no one likes
to discuss. Terrorism still continues to progress, and has become worse in other countries within
each particular state. In fact, all the way to the attack in Paris, killing around 130 people right down
to .The attack in Brussel at the train station close to the production of the European Union.
An article by Andrew Higgins and Kimiko De Freytas–Tamura called "A Brussels Mentor Who
Taught 'Gangster Islam' to the Young and Angry "(Higgins and Freytas–Tamura, 2016) It states:
"Mr.Zerkani's diligent work on the streets of Molenbeek and beyond become clear, as the network
he led nurture has emerged as central attacks in both Paris and Brussel ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Killing off our world trade centers, and the pentagon with the airplanes and the people working in
the buildings here in the United States. Sept 11th terrorist attack received both national and global
media attention. In fact, because America in my opinion is a considered a strong ally and to see it in
that type of distress cause worry to other foreign countries that leans on our state as a whole. In
addition to that. The definition of terrorism is extremely accurate because at the end of the day.
Terrorist groups only want political gain to make a statement. Whether the groups threaten or not.
Modern day terrorism now in 2016 is such a big issue you have no choice but to be worried. I read
this article that peak my interest.
According to "New York Times: A Threat at Nuclear Plants" (New York Times, 2016) states: "With
a global market estimated at 500 billion to 740 billion over the next decade, both government and
industry are eager to get a piece of the action. Can we really afford to play both sides of this
dangerous game?"(New York Times, 2016).To that my reaction is this. One can only imagine
terrorism within the nuclear plants. When the thought of nuclear plant occurs? What happens? One
can only assume, nuclear bombs, missile production for a political attack to create a political gain or

Sophisticated Weapons
Sophisticated weaponry is usually acquired by the most funded organizations. The usage of
automatic weapons is also becoming common during terrorist attacks. Hijacking aircrafts is also one
of the most known terrorism tactic in the world. It also occurred during the 9/11 attacks when four
commercial airlines were hijacked simultaneously. However, with modern techniques used in
counterterrorism on airports and travelling in general, the incident rate of successful hijacking has
decreased. Another historically used means of terrorism is employing biological and chemical
weapons. The damage of these weapons depends upon the execution method and quantity used.
Many countries in the world have used both chemical as well as biological weapons in

Strategic Operational Plan Proposal
I am a member of a multi–agency Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF), which lead agency is the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). As a part of this task force, that consists of members from the
Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), Homeland Security (HLS), Department of Defense (DOD),
National Security Agency (NSA), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Drug Enforcement Agency
(DEA) and local law enforcement I have been selected as the lead planner of the task force to
develop a Strategic Operational Plan Proposal (SOPP). Now, the purpose of this plan is to eliminate
a terrorist group known as al–Qaeda from attempting to infiltrate the United States along the border
of Mexico and the United States with two terror cells that consist of 12 individuals ... Show more
Furthermore, the National Security Agency (NSA) has reported that SIGINT between the Russian
Federal Security Service (FSB) and a Miami–based Russian OC has identified the transfer of two
low–yield nuclear devices, therefore causing The Department of Homeland Security (HLS) to
increase the threat level of the United States to an elevated level. Therefore, causing the Chicago
based FBI to conduct an analysis on the threat level of O'Hare and Midway International Airports,
the McCormick Place Convention Center, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago in order to
determine if they are potential targets for the low–yield nuclear weapons. It has also been determine
by the DEA and passed on to the FBI that there is a possibility that the GB gas could be used by the
second terrorist cell against the Outfit. However, it is believed that the Russian gang is not aware
that they are cooperating with al–Qaeda and that they may be in control of a nuclear device that
could have catastrophic implications on their plan to take over The Outfit.
Therefore, as the operations officer for the Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) it is my job to create a
plan in order to stop these groups from causing major chaos as well as

Terrorism Must Be Outlawed By All Civilized Nations
Kenzie Elliott Mr.Dunnaway EII– 3rd Hour 22 January 2016
Terrorism
According to Elie Wiesel, "Terrorism must be outlawed by all civilized nations – not explained or
rationalized, but fought and eradicated. Nothing can, nothing will justify the murder of innocent
people and helpless children." Terrorism has been a major concern for many people in all regions.
Terrorism is often misinterpreted and for this reason it 's key to understand the causes of terrorism,
methods used, stereotyping, affected persons, and worldwide solutions. Being able to understand
why terrorism has become one of the world 's biggest problems is very important. The first issue
that must be addressed is actually very simple; what exactly is defined as terrorism?
In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Terrorism is used to prove their points by using a form of destruction, but has terrorism always been
a big issue?
Even in the past terrorism has been used in an attempt to gain control and power. The first few acts
of terrorism were first recorded in the 14th century! The purposes early terrorism was used for
mostly was based on religious purposes as well as a way to resist occupation. Because of the
religious based purposes, the terrorism was seen as a religious act. One of the first groups of
terrorists were known as the Zealots of Judea. Because the Zealots saw this as a religious act, they
started to assassinate anyone that believed were unfaithful to the dictates of Judaism while living as
a Roman subject (Terrorism). They realized how much attention it was getting them and their
religious points across, but eventually they went even farther by committing mass suicide at the
fortification of Masada (Terrorism). Terrorism continued as the decades went by, but in the 20th
century it became a method that was used more frequently when in religious and war–like situations
(Garrison). One of the biggest cases of terrorism was the Holocaust. The Holocaust was an act of
terrorism that left thousands of people scarred and dead. I would consider it an act of terrorism
because one group of people punished another for not being alike and having the same views.
Because of their differences, Jewish people

Iran Hostage Crisis Research Paper
Yes, in a hostage crisis it is ethical for a government to agree to grant a terrorist immunity if he
releases the hostages. This is because It is the duty of the government to provide and save each and
every citizen of its country. Even though, the government has every intention of capturing and
prosecuting the terrorists once his hostages are released, it's first priority is to avoid any danger to
the normal citizens and to save their lives. It happened in many countries all over the world many
times.Eventhough government grant a terrorist immunity to release the hostages later, it goes on
with missions to capture those terrorists, (Bovard, J. (2004)).
It protects and secures diplomats who take security together with other countries and the laws of the
country ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the hostage crisis, the terrorist wants immunity for the release of the hostages and the government
has to negotiate under these circumstances. It will be part of the government even if it wants to be
timeless and related terrorists continue to be indefinite Care must be made and when the terrorists
are involved, the lives of the people in the game are involved. Dependent and terrorist requirements
are generally fulfilled by the Government. A number of agreements adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly refer to terrorism as threat, such as hostage–taking, terrorist bombing, terrorist
group financing, and nuclear terrorism. However, international condemnation of an activity does not
automatically imply just cogens status. 1994 The United Nations Declaration on the Prevention of
Terrorism Measures points to the need to promote "progressive development and coding of
international law" and it is a situation that indicates that terrorism will be taken out of the jus
cogens. ( Taillon, jus cogens (J. P. D. B.

Essay on Nuclear Terrorism Not Likely
Abstract: Now that the Cold War is over, both the United States and the former Soviet Republics are
dismantling their nuclear arsenals. Because of a less than reliable system of nuclear security in
Russia, the chances of terrorists group obtaining uranium or plutonium from Russia have increased.
However, in order to assemble the nuclear weapon, the group would need both knowledge and all
the necessary materials. Thus, a nuclear threat by a terrorist is possible but not very likely.
Nuclear Terrorism:
During the 1980s, the world often watched and wondered what would and could occur between the
two super power nations, the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During the
Cold War, both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and the former Soviet republics. This is because the nuclear weapons are dismantled into the basic
components, the most potentially dangerous piece being the uranium or plutonium center that fuels
the nuclear explosion. These materials are now more readily available to terrorist groups than ever
before because of lax security in Russia and the other former Soviet republics.
To understand the problem these nuclear fuels present, certain clarifications need to made. There are
many different grades of plutonium and uranium. Most grades, (known as reactor grades) are usable
in nuclear reactors. However, in order for plutonium or uranium to be used in a nuclear weapon,
they need to be in a very high grade (often referred to as bomb grade). In its high grade form,
uranium is known as uranium 235 or highly–enriched uranium (HEU). Plutonium is known as
plutonium 239 when it is bomb grade. Both elements rarely occur in the bomb grade form. In fact,
only 0.7% of uranium that is formed naturally is bomb grade. The other 99.3% can be changed into
bomb grade plutonium using expensive nuclear reactors.
During the Cold War, these bomb grade supplies of uranium and plutonium were protected because
they were in nuclear warheads under the control of the super powers' armed forces. However, now
in Russia, the control of these weapons is being transferred from the

The Threat Of Nuclear Terrorism
Nuclear Terrorism Introduction to Homeland Security Victor Reyes Valencia College Abstract
Nuclear terrorism can take a variety of forms. The most frequently discussed form involves a
terrorist group either stealing a nuclear weapon or building a nuclear device using stolen or illegally
purchased nuclear material. This paper explores the dangers and threats of Nuclear Terrorism. It also
goes in depth with how the government's actions have prevented groups, countries and homegrown
terrorist associations from starting a nuclear attack. The research that has been done on this paper
comes from information from both online and offline sources. This paper contains information from
both the NSA archive and from the Valencia College Database. In reading this I hope you grasp a
better understanding of how the dangers of Nuclear Terrorism. Nuclear Terrorism Introduction
Before 9/11 Americans thought that the United States was one of the biggest powers in the world.
They thought that they were untouchable. However as the towers were falling and the pentagon was
hit they realized that America was like every other country. The United States citizens have become
aware of the fact that the world is a dangerous place, and the United States was not immune to
attacks from foreigners. This created something known as the fear of terrorism which had a mental
affect among many of the United States citizens. According to study done by the University of
Albany in 2007.

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult...
The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult
Until the mid seventies, the term nuclear terror was used predominately to describe the threat of a
nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. Since then, however, it has taken on a whole new meaning
which many security experts feel poses a more serious threat to national security. In the past few
decades, formal terrorist organizations have exploded planes out of the sky, bombed US military and
diplomatic facilities abroad, and with the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombing
incidents, they have even launched attacks on American soil.
Yet until 20 March 1995 when five members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult released sarin nerve gas in
the Tokyo subway system, the world had not seen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The guru, Asahara, is an essential guide throughout this spiritual evolution. Members of the group
believe that salvation will only be achieved after Armageddon, even for those who are killed in the
process. In spite of its religious nature, Aum's leadership structure was organized in the form of a
ministerial cabinet patterned after the Japanese government.
Since its establishment in 1987, the Aum organization expanded physically, geographically, and
financially. It is believed that at its height, the group had over 65,000 members, yet only 10,000 of
these were located in Japan. Aum had a large representation in Russia, approximately three times the
number of followers in Japan and half of its total membership worldwide. By the end of 1994, there
were six Aum Shinrikyo branches in Moscow alone and another eleven offices outside the capital
city. On a smaller scale, Aum established branches in Germany and the US and claimed small
groups of followers in Australia, Belarus, and the Ukraine. The organization's financial assets were
accumulated through fund raising, donations, and a variety of legitimate business efforts, from
computer businesses in Taiwan to

Terrorism : A Modern Terrorist Organization
Terrorism is a tactic that has been used for centuries, it is one of the most important and dangerous
problems facing mankind today. Terrorism is the calculated use of violence, or the threat of
violence, to intimidate, frighten, or coerce. In addition, the history of terrorism is as old as humans '
willingness to use violence exist. The earliest known organization that exhibited aspects of a modern
terrorist organization was the Zealots of Judea. Zealots of Judea were known to the Romans as
sicarii, or dagger–men. They carried on an underground campaign of assassination of Roman
occupation forces, as well as any Jews they felt had collaborated with the Romans. Their motive
was an uncompromising belief that they could not remain faithful to the dictates of Judaism while
living as Roman subjects. Eventually, the Zealot revolt became open, and they committed mass
suicides. From the time of the Assassins (late 13th century) to the 1700s, terror and barbarism were
widely used in warfare and conflict. In addition to the acts of violence described above, there are
also numerous other types of violence that can exist under the framework of terrorism. Terrorism
can be executed or presented in a variety of forms. For example, bioterrorism, cyberterrorism,
nuclear terrorism, domestic terrorism, etc. It is important to highlight that terrorism can strike not
just large cities, but in any community of any size. Domestic terrorism in the United States is not a
new

Terrorism And Terrorism Attacks
Intro The United States has had its share of terror attacks, whether it was a major destruction, or
simpler destruction. On September 11th of 2001 (9/11), there was a major crisis after learning about
the terror attacks that happened on the World Trade Center in New York. That is one of the most
memorable terror attacks that took place in the Unites States. It was a series of terror attacks that
took place and the Pentagon was also targeted during this time. It was determined that Islamic
nations were targeting the United States to gain insight to their political views. The Islamic terrorist
were so pressed on getting their points across that they didn't care about the lives that stood in their
way, including their own. Thousands of people lost their lives in these two attacks alone and
millions were affected. Since then, terrorism has been a clear problem that has continued to show
itself over time throughout the United States. Terrorism is not limited to the United States, in fact,
terrorism has been linked to different areas of the world like Pakistan, Israel, Japan, and in the
Philippines. Terrorism can be anywhere from bombing, plane–crashing, or just plain assassinating,
as long as their means were to get a message across. One example for an assassinating shooting is
the Orlando shooting that took place on June 12, 2016. The shooter was classified as just a gunman
to some, but he was classified as a terrorist to others because of the actions he chose to take. He

Free College Essays-The Beowulf We Need
The Beowulf We Need
The Beowulf we need today has to have the character of someone who shows strength, integrity,
intelligence, and bravery to combat our world problems with extremist terrorism, refugee problems,
and nuclear warfare. The quest of the hero is to save countries from extremist terrorist attacks and
preserve religious freedom in extremist countries. While keeping refugees out of harm's way he or
she will have to create world peace to avoid the death of extremist terrorist groups or nuclear
missiles in the process. As we all know extremist terrorism is still a large problem today from 9/11's
Al Qaeda to Attacks on Paris by the Levant. A hero needs strength and intelligence to make treaties
with hostile terrorist groups to preserve human rights. Integrity and intelligence are very important
qualities to have in a hero to accept his or her mistakes and allowing others to help fix the problem.
If the good of the people was the protection of religious freedom Beowulf would either succeed or
fail and die by doing the good of the people, "my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They find refuge in harsh environments with very little resources dying without food or water. A
hero with strength and bravery can stand up against terrorist actions providing food, water, and
shelter for those in need of help. The character Beowulf is a great example of how stepping into the
Danes and protecting the people should not be out of loyalty, but a duty. "My people have said, the
wisest, most knowing, and best of them, that my duty was to go to the Danes' great king..." (149–50)
When the change is made and people can safely believe in their religion and become self–sufficient
on food and water no more help will be needed. If nuclear weapons got in the hands of terrorist
groups who wanted to kill anyone outside of their religion or political views, it could set off a chain
reaction that could end the

Terrorism Training : White, Department Of Criminal...
Terrorism Training
Bronze R. Green
Faulkner State Community College
Authors Note
Bronze R. Green, Department of Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College.
Bronze R. Green is still at Department of Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College.
Correspondence concerning this article should e addressed to Bronze R. Green, Department of
Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College, Bay Minette, AL 36507.
Contact: bronze.green@yahoo.com Abstract
This paper explores various published articles that report on results from research conducted on
online and offline relationships and their relationship to terrorism training. Many aspects of terror
threats have changed largely due to technology and cyberspace. New developments ... Show more
Recognizing the threat Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups posed provided homeland security with
the basis which is now important to state and local law enforcement agencies (Sheehan, Michael,
2011). After nearly a decade after the September eleventh, more than twenty terrorist related plots
were uncovered by the federal government. As the war against terrorism continues, it has cost
America the lives of more than six thousand service members and nearly 1.5 trillion dollars
(Ortmeier, P, 2009).
The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) defines terrorism as "unlawful use of force against
persons or property to intimidate a government, civilian, or anything else, for social, religious, or
social objectives (Ortmeier, P, 2009). There are various forms of terrorism. The FBI (Federal Bureau
of Investigation) divided terrorism into three separate categories. Foreign sponsors, organized
terrorist groups, and loosely affiliated international radical extremists. Terrorism does not always
involve guns or bombs. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) divides terrorist threats into three
categories – Foreign sponsors of international terrorism, formalized terrorist groups, and loosely
affiliated international radical extremists (Sheehan, Michael, 2011).
The first category is foreign sponsors of international terrorism (Ortmeier, P, 2009). There are seven
countries tied to terrorism as sponsors – Iraq, Cuba, Libya, North Korea, Iran, Syria, and Sudan

The Usa Patriot Act, By George W. Bush
"Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of
deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation
into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to
defend a great nation," George W. Bush. "On September 11, 2001, nineteen individuals, each
connected with al – Qaeda, hijacked four commercial jet airliners with the intent of killing
Americans. The individuals smashed two of the airliners into the World Trade Center in New York
City, both structures symbolic of American strength. The captors smashed the third plane into the
Pentagon (another edifice symbolic of American power). On the fourth aircraft, both passengers,
and flight crew tried to regain control of their plane from the terrorists, resulting in the craft's
crashing in a barren field in rural Somerset County, Pennsylvania (Smith ix)." The USA PATRIOT
Act, enacted seven weeks after September 11 attacks, granted the federal government sweeping new
powers to expand surveillance, curtail financing, and deport people in connection with terrorist
activity (Stanford). The Patriot Act is one of the most powerful laws of modern day and has
powerful ramifications for the future (Ibbetson 4). "True patriots realized that one must protect the
nation from all enemies, foreign and domestic (Etzioni 1)." The U.S.A. P.A.T.R.I.O.T. Act is an
acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America

The Bombing Of The United States
Throughout the 1990's terrorism became more and more widely used as a means for achieving
political ends. By the 2000's, bin Laden had directed various attacks against the U.S. through the al–
Qaeda terror network, including the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 1998 U.S. embassy
bombings in Africa (Mulhausen). On September 11th, 2001 things would change, Bin Laden would
strike on United States soil. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four separate planes and crashed them into
World Trade Center one and two and into the Pentagon while a fourth plane crashed in a field near
Shanksville, Pennsylvania. These attacks left roughly 3000 people dead. Americans immediate
response was to invade Afghanistan but the attack had changed the nature of American foreign
policy. Eighteen months after the attacks, President Bush and the United States invaded Iraq. And
since that day, the United States has been involved in rebuilding both nations. A large part of the
reasoning given for the invasion of Iraq was the threat that Saddam Hussein posed in terms of his
ability to acquire nuclear and/or chemical weapons. As you said in discussion, the threat of a
terrorist organization acquiring nuclear capabilities is one of the things that make terrorism so scary.
(Beaulieu)
According to your Chapter 28 PowerPoint, since 2000, very few Americans have been killed by
terrorist, even counting 9/11 U.S. terrorism deaths are just over 3400 (Beaulieu). Personally, I think
terrorism is so scary because

Analysis of Nuclear Terrorism Essay
Nuclear Terrorism is Possible, but Not Probable
Abstract: Terrorist groups constantly strive to obtain a legitimate nuclear warhead. Iraq spent many
years acquiring and constructing nuclear weapons but they were invaded by the USA before
completion of the weapons. Terrorist groups are acquiring the materials necessary, but they have
failed to enrich the nuclear materials to weapon–grade levels. Financial support, time, proper
materials, advanced nuclear reactors, and most importantly, experts in a variety of fields are
necessary for the construction of a nuclear bomb. These components combined make the challenge
very difficult for a terrorist group to succeed. Thus, a nuclear attack from a terrorist group, however
possible, is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a basic nuclear weapons only a kilogram of plutonium is needed, but for terrorist groups without
access to advanced nuclear reactors, high levels of plutonium and uranium must be obtained. Gram
quantities of plutonium and uranium can be purchased on the black market, but much more sizable
amounts must be located (Kamp 1996). Most terrorist groups would prefer to build a gun type bomb
for the nuclear explosion. This usually requires around 100 pounds of uranium or plutonium. Once
this is achieved, it is a great challenge to enrich the plutonium and uranium to an extremely high
grade, known as weapon–grade or bomb–grade, necessary for a nuclear bomb. In fact, most seizures
from the terrorist groups are of relatively low–grade weapon material and are not enough to fuel a
significant chemical reaction. In order to enrich the materials, terrorist groups must locate large
amounts of specialized gases, such as flourine. These gases are difficult to purchase from companies
due to the potential use of the gases.
Experts in physics, chemistry, electronics, and explosives with the technical know how of the
special apparatus and complex systems must be acquired to conduct the assembly of the weapons.
This is the most delicate and important component because a successful nuclear explosion demands
a complete chemical reaction which is highly difficult to achieve. Millions of dollars

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