Standardized Tests Are Biased And Unfair Essays

Standardized Tests Are Biased and Unfair Essays
How standardized are standardized tests? In America, we strive to perfect them as well as give our students an education they deserve but at what
cost? Standardized tests have been the easiest way to ultimately evaluate a student against every other student in America. However, standardized tests
are not as great as they are made out to be. We need to take a step back and look at the faults of standardized tests. Quite simply: Standardized tests are
not standardized.
Standardized tests are biased to certain students whether it is race, or even how much money the parent(s) earn. According to Standardized Testing and
Its Victims by Alfie Kohn, the tests are a lot easier for children coming from richer communities like Dublin for example,... Show more content on
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In the journal article, "Why Not a National Test for Everyone" by Michael Smith, I found out there are two skills that need to be learned for any test
and that is: How to take a test and knowing the material (2010, p. 58). I do agree with this statement because it is so easy for a student to guess their
answers to a multiple choice test rather than a short answer where knowledge is needed. However, some multiple choice tests are useful; for example,
English and reading comprehension (Zimmerman, 2014). In dealing with math questions students can typically plug in answers to the question or
figure out ways on their calculators to get the answer and show no work other than what they are doing to get around the real work that is usually
needed (Smith, 2010, p. 58). I think this is true because students are learning the application to math problems in most math classes which teaches them
how to get around tedious math problems with the use of their graphing calculators, i.e., "expensive". This is showing that students that have the right
tools to get around such problems might not know how to do the math in the real world. Although these tests now have limits on what kind of
calculators a person can use, they still can get around the math problems. Not to mention, poor students cannot afford a graphing calculator in most
cases. In my opinion, it is not standard at all. Teachers often teach to the test. If a state requires a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Advantages Of Dual Citizenship
Also known as "multiple citizenship" or "dual nationality", dual citizenship refers to one who is a legal citizen in two different countries, at the same
time. One is able to retain his or her citizenship from their home country, and attain another citizenship at the same time. However, this is applicable
only if both countries permit dual citizenship. As a dual citizen, one can have privileges such as easy access to multiple countries without a visa. But as
a dual citizen, one has to fulfill their duties towards both countries, such as paying tax to both countries. There are over 90 countries that grant dual
citizenship, some of them are United Kingdom, United States and Canada. Dual citizenship can occur under many circumstances, and... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This may cause friction between the foreigners and the native citizens, and result in serious social problems. It will be difficult for foreigners to
blend in with the native citizens; the foreigners will have to follow the customs and ways of the natives. But problems will arise when foreigners
do not engage themselves in the country fully, and view the country as a place for them to make a living. As a Singaporean, I feel that the local
government should not allow dual citizenship. Dual citizenship can be a wonderful thing, as one can enjoy the perks of being a citizen from all
over the world. However, citizenship is something that should not be taken for granted. Singapore is a country bounded by many strict laws and
fines. If dual citizenship is allowed, who can guarantee that Singaporeans would not pack their bags and leave for another country, which can offer
the same benefits and more freedom? During times of war, which country, will one, defends? Which country has a higher priority? If Singapore is
plagued by disasters or economic recessions, will Singaporeans remain in Singapore or leave with their dual citizenship? By allowing dual
citizenship, the sense of loyalty towards Singapore is reduced. Dual citizenship for Singapore could also mean that more and more foreigners will take
up residency in Singapore, and it could salvage the ageing population

Itb 305 Midterm Exam Latest Strayer
ITB 305 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST STRAYER
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ITB 305 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST STRAYER
Course: International Business Environment
Test: Midterm Exam Part 1
Instructions: This exam consist of 25 multiple choice questions and covers the material in chapters 1 through 3.
Question 1: In order to answer the question: "What determines the success and failures of firms around the globe?," the author introduces which two
core perspectives?
Question 2: The pendulum view of globalization is embraced by:
Question 3: Which of the following definitions best defines an expatriate manager?
Question 4: Why ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Question 17: The main supportive pillar(s) for informal institutions is/are:
Question 18: A term that seeks to find middle ground between cultural divergence and convergence is:
Question 19: Which of the following is NOT one of the three "middle–of–the–road" guiding principles proposed by business ethicist Thomas
Donaldson?
Question 20: Which of the following is the largest religion in the world based on number of adherents?
Question 21: Which of the following is a factor behind English being accepted as the global business language?
Question 22: Which of the following set of clusters includes ALL countries?
Question 23: Which of the following countries can be defined as a high–context culture?
Question 24: Which of the following is not one of the five dimensions outlined in the Dimensions Approach?
Question 25: Which of the following dimensions does NOT accurately describe the majority firms in the United States?
Test: Midterm Exam Part 2
Instructions: This exam consist of 25 multiple choice questions and covers the material in chapters 4 through 6.
Question 1: The point at which an industry–specific activity becomes common across industries and the need to keep it proprietary no longer exists is
also called:
Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a tangible asset?

Question 3: Which of the following are the four focal points of the

Essay about Hmwk 1 Template
Students can print this template prior to viewing the online Video Lesson. These are the same questions found online! You only need to watch each
video and select the best of the multiple choice options you feel best answer each question.
1. For Chapter 1, you will need to watch the videos listed in order to answer the following five multiple choice questions. Which of the following
statements is not true?
All types of businesses touch our lives every day.
We influence business by the buying decisions we make.
We choose one firm's products over another's because the selected products fulfill our needs.
X
An entrepreneur is guaranteed success if she or he can come up with a good idea for a business.
When we buy a firm's products, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Empowering corporate managers to make decisions or local stores.
Having top management respond to customer complaints.
Continually stocking new products for customers to try.
8. Kodak's closed–loop recycling program for Funsaver single–use cameras
pays photofinishers to send excess materials to a central landfill.
Raises company costs but reduces land pollution

Is a legal requirement imposed on makers of disposable products.
Reimburses consumers for the cost of product disposal.
X
Cuts costs because recycled materials are cheaper than new.
9. As shown in the video, New Belgium Brewing follows the socioeconomic model of social responsibility by
Emphasizing exploitation of natural resources over the quality of life.
Putting the community's interests before profitability.
Being actively involved in governmental and academic affairs.
X
Balancing economic and social returns.
Focusing on internal decision without regard for the community.
10. To meet its social responsibility, New Belgium Brewing is
preparing a code of ethics for employees.
X
Donating one dollar to charitable causes for every barrel of beer.
Respecting the six basic consumer rights.
Combating caveat emptor
Providing, opportunities for employees to behave more ethically.
11. For Chapter 3, you will need to watch the video case titled "The Global Saga of Subway" in order to answer the following five multiple

Multiple Sclerosis Research Paper
Multiple Sclerosis Australia
MS(Multiple Sclerosis) is a disease which gradually hardens all tissues and also causes scars. These scars form when the persons immune system's
cells go into the central nervous system and cause inflammation to the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. MS is also a non contagious and
unpredictable disease. MS is also the most common chronic disease (when it comes to the CNS (Central Nervous System)) with young Australians.
Throughout all the states of Australia, Victoria is the State with the most people that have the condition.
No one really knows the exact cause of the disease but it has been predicted that genetics and the environment that the person is in may actually play a
big role when it comes to catching the disease. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the initial symptoms which are the most common are having difficulty in walking, numbness(pins and needles) and eyesight becoming worse. The
less common syptoms consists of tremor, loss of coordination, speaking disorders, paralysis, not being able to think, reason or even remember. Finally
all the others are rarely to happen(uncommon) and they are dizziness, difficulty while swallowing, constant headaches, problems hearing, itchiness,
pain, seizures, sexuality problems.
The difference between having MS and not having it is that your body will not have scars or hardened tissues which effects the CNS. Affecting the
CNS is massive as it is your brain and your spinal cord which makes all the decisions for your nervous system and without a fully functioning CNS,
the person will have all the effects that was said in the previous paragraph (the effects of MS) which were things like not able to walk properly,
numbness and the persons eyesight becoming

Vitro And Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis
Report
In–virto fertilization (IVF) and pre–implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can both be used when there is difficulty for a couple to naturally
conceive on their own. IVF is defined as a series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child.
During IVF, mature eggs are collected from your ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab. IVF is the most effective assisted form of reproduction. PGD
is defined as the testing of pre–implantation stage embryos or oocytes for genetic defects. It has been developed for couples whose potential offspring
are at risk of severe Mendelian disorders, structural chromosome abnormalities or mitochondrial disorders.
Over time PGD has become a socio–scientific issue, this means its a controversial issue relating to science. PGD falls into this category because it
boarders on multiple options with looking into a person's ethics. For ethical reasons its becomes an issue when looking at selective terminations and
advancements on PGD. Many people believe that life begins with fertilization, PGD gives couples the chance to screen many fertilized embryos to
see if they have diseases including Cystic Fibrosis and Huntington's. If they do carry this gene then the couples can choose to terminate the embryo.
Or if they form many 'healthy' embryos then the couples have to decide which one to keep. Causing a social debate on the ethics of this decision,
whether this is taking a life or not? There is

Multiple Sclerosis Essay examples
Most illnesses are unexpected and can lead to life changes. A chronic illness can lead to a life altering illness. While some chronic illnesses can be
cured in a few weeks or months many last a lifetime. Chronic illnesses typically have a significant impact on clients, like treatments, coping, and
dealing with possible side effects. When the chronic illness progresses to death then the illness would be life altering. According to webmd.com
Multiple Sclerosis or MS is a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord resulting in loss of muscle control, vision, balance, and sensation. I chose
Multiple Sclerosis because it can affect daily activities and can have a negative impact on the person's well–being (Tamper & Lindh 197–199) Learning
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What causes MS is unknown; Scientists believe there are several factors that cause MS including immunologic, environmental, infectious, and genetic.
MS is 2 to 3 times more common in women than men. MS is not inherited but genetics plays an important role in who gets the disease. While most
people are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50, young children and teenagers may develop this life altering illness. MS is more common in
northern latitudes that are further from the equator and less common in areas closer to the equator however, known in all parts of the world. MS occurs
in most ethnic groups, including African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics/Latinos, but are more common in Caucasians of the northern European
ancestry ("What is Multiple Sclerosis"). According to Margret Vickers the Sociologists have been concerned about the inequality of patients that have
a chronic to life altering disease especially at work. A person with a disability is categorized as being other, different, and outside the norm, faces
obstacles of trying to fit in to the working environment. Furthermore, employees who don't possess the physical, emotional or cognitive attributes that
others present maybe stigmatized or discredited. The workplace remains difficult for people with a life altering illness to negotiate and be secure
furthermore employment has actually decreased worldwide.

Case 15 The Island Of Kora
The Island of Kora READ: CASE #15 THE ISLAND OF KORA THE ISLAND OF KORA acts as the case designed to bring all the points discussed
in this class together. Therefore, this case calls for an application of all the points that have been previously discussed. After reading the case, design a
plan for solving the islander's problems. Your plan should include the theoretical basis your plan uses, the decision making procedure you would use,
as well as the specific action you would take to resolve the problem. Also, do not forget that in the islander's eyes you are the Supreme Being. (About 5
typed pages) When confronted with the daunting task of saving a population, there are many factors that must be taken... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Not everyone is going to survive. Those who cannot abide by our laws makes our decision of who lives or dies that much easier. A stable and solid
foundation is the key to any societal success and strength. We must first establish rules about our sanitation. It will no longer be tolerated to have
such unsanitary conditions. We will have designated authorized sanitation areas. These areas will be rotated throughout the year depending on the
climate and raining season. We must establish to clean environment to minimize our illness and diseases. Any violation of these areas will be met
with strong restrictions for a first offense: no food for one week. The second violation will result in banishment from the island. History has shown
that once our ecology is disrupted and our natural resources are gone, we will start dying off. In order to avoid this fate, we must act now. Our next
step to recovery will be with our livestock. I understand that human life carries more worth than that of livestock. However, we cannot succeed
without our livestock. We must first restore the health of our livestock in order to prosper. We cannot afford to lose any more livestock and that starts
now. We initially give the highest regard to our livestock. The livestock will not go without ample feeding and clean water. We have to restore our
livestock population has in both health and numbers. We will continue to farm as we have over the past

Slumdogs Documentary Analysis
Video Response Worksheet SOCI 101 CCBC / Fall 2016 Video 2 / Campisi, Madison
Wetbacks
a.Core Values/ pg. : The values that are central to a group, those are which people build a common identity. Within this video I believe that this is
shown a lot due to the fact that family and their culture is about all they have to look forward too. The kids in the film are taught right from birth about
their culture what to do and what not to do in the slum life. The one small girl was getting ready for school one day and her mom asked her how she
was going to do on her test the little girl replied that she was going to get a perfect but that was not good enough for her mom. Her mother told her
to not be too confident because that is how you will not succeed because you will then think you no longer need to study and work to get good
grades if you just assume you'll be perfect. I believe that showed a lot of different senses of their culture because I know in my family my mom would
be proud of me to say I was going to get a perfect on a test and was confident about it.
b.Social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Respondents/ pg. 130: People who respond to a survey, either in an interview or by self–administrated questions. All of the people that were part of the
"Slumdogs" documentary was considered to be certain respondents. They approved being in the movie maybe because they believed it would
bring awareness to the way they live and how they hold their values of life so close to their hearts. It seemed easy for them to tell the camera crew
how their lives have been and how they feel about it and that causes me to feel as if this was one of the best things that they have done to show that
you can make it no matter how hard life gets. These families and the people that participated in this documentary answered all of the questions that
were asked of them in order to show that their lives are hard but they want people to understand that life is not as bad as it looks well to them at

Should a child be put in a small class or a large class?...
Should a child be put in a small class or a large class?
So as a parent would you send your child to a class with over 30 kids? Many people have advocated that children, especially those in grades K–6,
should not have to be in a class of 30 kids. A child's first couple years of school should be a place ofcomfort to these kids, not a place of distress and
confusion. Studies have shown that children who are taught in small classes are likely to achieve more later on, whereas those who begin school as a
part of a larger class, do not. Class size is not something that just started to be a concern in the world of education. Class size has affected the way
kids learn for a long time now. There are many things being done within the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Convincing data demonstrates that reducing class size, particularly for younger children, has a positive effect on student achievement overall.
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is a strong advocate for reducing class size to help raise student achievement, especially in high–poverty,
at–risk schools. In addition to increasing student achievement, reduced class size also improves the classroom atmosphere, which allows students to
receive more individualized attention and teachers have flexibility to use different instructional approaches. Fewer students mean less distractions and a
lower level of noise enabling teachers to connect with children more effectively.
Another important improvement is some teachers have fewer students to distract each other due to a lower level of noise. This also, enables teachers
to know the students better and can offer more "extra help" (American Federation of Teachers, 2001 p. 1).
Problems with reducing class size
"What I think people really ought to be angry about is for how long in our system we have pushed kids through, knowing that inevitably they weren't
going to succeed, they weren't going to get the education they need," This quote came from a well known politician in New York named (Klein),
somebody who is speaking out and supporting the idea of reduced class size (Cruz, W. 2004 p.15). Several studies have documented how students
benefit from smaller classes. While smaller classes

Analyzing Dna Matches From Identical Twins And Other...
Each person's genome– apart from identical twins' or other multiple births'– is distinct because of variations in allele frequencies which cause
chromosomes to have certain genotypes. This indicates that when the DNA found at a crime location matches a person's, the individual is the culprit
of the crime; however, finalizing a case is not this elementary. The evidence collected from a scene does not show the person's entire genome. While it
can certainly point to suspects whose DNA matches the samples collected from the scene, it does not secure a definite criminal. Analyzing DNA
requires understanding of a few complex fundamentals, but probability paired with statistical reasoning provides for a more accurate approach in
assessing DNA matches. Humans each have 23 pairs of chromosomes that have similar sequences since they are analogous in gene chronology.
They are not identical, though, because one chromosome is composed of alleles of a gene from one parent, and one chromosome is composed of
alleles from the other (Dawid and Thomas). Short tandem repeats, or brief recurring patterns, take place at particular positions in all DNA sequences,
variation occurring due to the differing number of repeats from person to person (Dawid and Thomas). DNA profiles select certain positions of the
human genome and record the number of short tandem repeats that appear there for each DNA sample being analyzed (which in a court case would be
the suspect's profile and the profile from the

Psychology as a Science: Jaegwon Kim's Argument and Why It...
Jaegwon Kim thinks that multiple realizability of mental properties would bring about the conclusion that psychology is most likely not a science.
Several functionalists, specially, Fodor, take up the opposing stance to Kim, supporting that the multiple realizability of mental states is one of the
reasons why psychology is an autonomous and justifiable science. Essentially, Kim think that in order for mental states to be multiply realizable then
psychology must be fundamentally broken; with human psychology encompassing properties realized for humans and alien psychology
encompassing those mental states realized in the alien way etc. I will demonstrate that even if one supports and allows the principles behind Kim's
argument they do not result in his final conclusion of psychology failing to be a science. By attacking his principle of Casual Individuation of Kinds
I will show that Kim has failed to find the correct conclusion. Furthermore, I will consider a possible objection that Kim might have to my stance and
give a short rebuttle. I will conclude by explicating Jerry Fodor's account of what is Kim's essential problem is. By showing that Kim's conclusion
fails it will entail that Fodor's conclusion is more viable in reality.
Several functionalists, specially, Fodor, take up the opposing stance to Kim, supporting that the

Multiple Birth Research Paper
Pregnancy is a new stage in a woman's life that can involve a number of complexities, which can affect the mother or baby, or both. Multiple birth is a
complexity of pregnancy that is becoming increasingly more prevalent in today's society. The incidence of multiple birth has a great effect on the
mother and offspring, not only physically but also socially and emotionally. These effects include emotional instability as a result of child maltreatment,
the increased risk of congenital malformation causing emotional and social problems and a wider social impact on the health care system.
A multiple birth occurs when a single pregnancy results in more than one foetus. Twins and triplets are the most common forms of multiples. The rate
of multiple ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The incidence of congenital malformations in multiple births is up to 4 times higher than that of singleton births (Menasinkai & Chiniwar, 2013).
Corsello and GiuffrГЁ (2012) define congenital malformations as single or multiple defects of the morphogenesis of organs or body districts
identifiable at birth or during intrauterine life. The whole family and their quality of life are impacted when a child is born with birth defects,
particularly emotionally. Parents of children with congenital malformations face a unique challenge in adjusting and learning to care for them
appropriately. Post diagnosis of congenital malformation, the parents often go through the typical stages of grief very similar to if they had lost the
child. This is recognized as a part of the process and it is normal for parents to mourn the loss of what they expected to be a healthy child (Lemacks,
Fowles, Mateus, & Thomas, 2013). The parent's emotional and mental health can be adversely impacted and as a result suffer depression and anxiety,
which can have a devastating effect on the entire family (Song et all., 2012). Siblings and parent's interaction outside the family can be hugely affected
with parents frequently being unable or unwilling to take part in particular social activities. Grief counseling is shown to help

What Is Medical Marijuana?
In 1969, when Richard Nixon was president, he was looking for a way to consolidate existing federal drug control laws into one powerful federal
statute to better control what many felt was a growing problem, which was the rapid increase of drugs (Haerens & Zott 19). By 1970, they produced
the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, and it finally went into effect on May 1, 1971. This act divided substances into
categories based on their medical use and potential for addiction; marijuana was classified as a Schedule 1 drug, meaning that it is labeled as carrying
a high potential for abuse, without currently accepted medical use in the United States, and/or lacking accepted safe use even with medical supervision
(Gillard 15). Since... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will give 2 examples of opposing arguments, and then give my rebuttal to their argument. One of the first examples is that opposers of legalizing
medical marijuana try to argue that marijuana is much more harmful than alcohol. These opposers main argument is simply that, "Compared to
alcohol, marijuana is not safe" (Stimson 25). Alcohol is different from marijuana in many ways and opposers use these ways to argue their point.
Marijuana is known to be more likely to cause addiction for an individual, be consumed to the point of intoxication, have no known general healthful
properties, and is toxic/deleterious to an individual's health (Stimson 28). Alcohol can also be seen as having fewer health risks when it comes to
long–term consumption and it seems that it actually offers some health benefits. However, long term consumption of marijuana has an effect on the
T–cells in our lungs and impairs short–term memory along with other things, and has toxic properties, which can lead to birth defects, pain, respiratory
system damage, brain damage, and stroke (Stimson 29). Although this makes legalizing medical marijuana sound like a bad idea, there is an argument
for

Psychology as a Science: Jaegwon Kim's Argument and Why it...
Several functionalists, specially, Fodor, take up the opposing stance to Kim, supporting that the multiple realizability of mental states is one of the
reasons why psychology is an autonomous and justifiable science. Essentially, Kim think that in order for mental states to be multiply realizable then
psychology must be fundamentally broken; with human psychology encompassing properties realized for humans and alien psychology encompassing
those mental states realized in the alien way etc. I will demonstrate that even if one supports and allows the principles behind Kim's argument they do
not... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, I will consider a possible objection that Kim might have to my stance and give a short rebuttle. I will conclude by explicating Jerry
Fodor's account of what is Kim's essential problem is. By showing that Kim's conclusion fails it will entail that Fodor's conclusion is more viable in
reality. In Kim's 1992 publication he argued that is mental properties are multiply realized then they essentially cannot be casual properties and
therefore, they cannot be scientific. From this notion, he cannot allow there to be psychological laws nor can there be any kind of psychological
theory either. Kim think that we can anticipate that there are many distinct and local psych theories. There will be several psychologies, one for
human, one for aliens, one for elephants and so on. He concludes that it is impossible to have one psychological theory that reins over all species. Kim
substantiates that only laws of physics can be universally applied to everything. He also states that economics, biology, chemistry and sociology will
fall prey to the same faults as psychology does. It seems that to respond to Kim we must consider a multitude of scientific and philosophical issues.
Kim's essential argument relies on two different metaphysical principles. Firstly, he presents the 'Casual Individuation of Kinds' principle that states
that kinds in science are individuated on the

The Effects Multiple Births Have on Outcomes of Cerebral...
The Effects Multiple Births Have on Outcomes of Cerebral Palsy in Infants Cerebral palsy is typically characterized as a disorder caused by injuries to
the cerebrum, the part of the brain responsible for higher mental functions, sensations, and voluntary muscle actions (7). Symptoms of cerebral palsy
vary by severity of the disease, and include seizures, involuntary muscle contractions, difficulty sucking or feeding, irregular breathing, delayed
development of motor skills, motor–mental retardation, mental retardations, speech abnormalities, visual abnormalities, hearing abnormalities,
spasticity, progressive joint contractures, limited range of motion, and peg teeth (7). These symptoms are usually evident by age two and sometimes as
Comparable figures were not available for triplets, but the risk and stresses for triplet births are much higher than for twins (6). Because multiple
pregnancies put more stress on the mother as well as the fetus, this increases the chances that the babies will be born premature as well as with
cerebral palsy. "There is an increased frequency of fetal distress among cases of cerebral palsy and death, representing the increased antennal risk
factors in the pregnancy" (2). Multiple pregnancies are becoming much more popular and common due to advances in fertilization–enhancing
techniques. Higher numbers of babies are being born, producing higher numbers of premature infants. "The numbers of multiple births surviving the
prenatal period is increasing with the increasing survival of very tiny babies" (1). Through the use of fertility drugs, multiple births are producing
more premature babies, which in effect, increases an infant's chance of having cerebral palsy. When an infant is born prematurely, the chances of it
having cerebral palsy are much higher than that of a baby carried to term. "There is an increasing prevalence of cerebral palsy in preterm infants" (3).
When an infant is prematurely born, several risk factors are

Group Informative Speech Outline: Nayda Suleman
Group Presentation
Good evening, today I will be talking about Nayda Suleman (a.k.a. octomom) she made the headlines in 2009 for giving birth to octuplets.
Nayda Suleman began IVF treatments at the age of 21 in 1997 by Dr. Michael Kamrava. From the years beginning 2001–2006 she was a single,
unemployed mother that had a total of 6 children by IVF (Press, 2009). (4 sons, 2 daughters)
In 2008 she had six remaining embryos from her previous IVF treatments. Dr. Kamrava implanted the additional six embryos, and on January 26, 2009
Octomom gave birth to octuplets (8 children). This was her sixth pregnancy, she stated that she did not want the embryos to be destroyed. In addition,
her mother stated that she always wanted a lot of kids because she

The Pros And Cons Of Dual Citizenship
Dual citizenship, also known as multiple citizenship, refers to a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of
two countries. United States is one of the countries that allow dual citizenship. Dual citizenship arises automatically in situations such as when a child
is born in the United States whereas his parents originate from a different country. For this case, the child will be considered a citizen of the United
States as well as the parent's home nation. Similarly, if a child whom are born overseas and his/her parents are U.S. citizens, the child will naturally
become a citizen of both the U.S. and the country of birth, subjecting to the country's laws.
Conversely, dual citizenship can also be obtained via specialized legal processes. For example, this could occur when a foreigner is married to a U.S.
citizen. The foreigner is able to own a U.S. citizenship if he/she has been a permanent resident living with his/her partner for a minimum of 3 years. In
addition, to own a U.S. citizenship, one must ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, having dual citizenships can prevent one from gaining security clearance to classified information that one may require for the job. This
is so to safeguard the country's interest as the country does not have to fear that their top–classified information will be leaked to other country.
The third drawback is that the loyalty of the one who owns dual citizenship will be questioned by both countries. The whole concept of dual citizenship
tends to raise many questions about which of the dual citizenship have a higher priority. This is especially so for the case if both countries have
conflict of interests. People whose loyalties are being divided pose a threat to the country's security as they might cause internal conflicts within the
country or leak important information to the other

Essay about Fertility Treatments
Fertility Treatments
I. Introduction
It is assumed by most that we will all be able to grow up, fall in love, get married, and then have children of our own. This is not the lifestyle that all
people choose, but it is still the view accepted by the majority of society. What happens when the unthinkable occurs and a happily married couple is
unable to get pregnant? This is a reality for 7.1%, or 2.8 million, of the married couples in the United States (Lenox, 1999). Today, there are many
people all over the world that decide to use fertility treatments to help them conceive a child, and this often leads to the birth of twins, triplets, or even
higher order multiples. There are many risk factors that are involved in this type of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another commonly used method of induction is the injection of follicle stimulating hormones, or FSH. For this treatment, the patient is given FSH
injections while being monitored by a physician. The physician uses ultrasound to keep count of the number of mature eggs in the woman's ovaries.
When the physician decides that there are enough eggs, a second hormone injection is then given that causes the release of the eggs from the ovaries.
The final step is fertilization through sexual intercourse or artificial insemination (ACOG, 2004).
There are risks associated with these types of ART. The use of any ovulation induction therapy can cause a woman's ovary to swell up to 10 times
its normal size (Cowley and Springen, 1997). It is also possible for up to 40 eggs, as opposed to the normal one, to be released in one cycle (Cowley
and Springen, 1997). This results in a much higher risk for the conception of a multiple fetus pregnancy. There is a 5%–10% chance of a multiple
pregnancy with the use of clomiphene (Jacobs, 2004). This is significantly higher than the 1% rate of occurrence of twins in unassisted pregnancies (Dr.
Joseph F. Smith Medical Library, 2003). In about 1 out of 5 pregnancies achieved using FSH injection therapy the result is a multiple birth (Brown,
2001). In an attempt to avoid the conception of these multiple fetus pregnancies, it is suggested that the physicians monitor the number of eggs

Multiple Sclerosis And Its Effects On The Central Nervous...
he life of someone living with Multiple Sclerosis is often quite different than normal. It consists of never–ending doctors appointments, not feeling well,
difficulty doing everyday tasks, and much more. Multiple Sclerosis is the bee sting that one gets while laying out by the pool, the scrape a child
gets on his knee, and the throbbing headache the mother has after a long day at work and the horrible cry of her child. The disease is heavy weighing
on ones mind, body, and heart; yet, if one possesses the great strength to push through they will live as much of a normal, happy, and healthy life as
possible.
So what exactly is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which affects the central nervous system. The central nervous
system consists of the brain, spinal cord, as well as the optic nerves. The simplified meaning of the diseases name is Multiple scar tissues or lesions.
A person with multiple sclerosis develops numerous lesions or scars on the brain and spinal cord due to the effects of an overworking immune system.
When the immune system overworks, it attacks the "myelin– the fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers – as well as the nerve
fibers themselves"(National MS Society). Myelin is essentially the coating that protects your nerves; when trying to understand what myelin is, one can
compare the similarities of myelin to the coating that covers electrical wires. After the immune system attacks and damages the myelin,

Multiple Sclerosis : A Disease Of The Central Nervous System
Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the Central nervous system that progresses over a period time ("NINDS," 2015). The central nervous system
(CNS) includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Damage to the central nervous system may interfere with sensory, motor, and cognitive
functions. Myelin is an insulating layer around neuron processes that serves as a protective barrier ("MedlinePlus,"2016). In the case of Multiple
Sclerosis, this protective layer is permanently damaged by sources that is still being investigated. The deterioration of the Myelin sheath inhibits, or
slows down signals between the brain and the body ("NMSS," 2012). Although there is currently no cure for Multiple Sclerosis, there are different
treatment options that may help slow down the progression of the disease. As a chronic disease, it offers many challenges to the researchers looking for
holistic ways to manage symptoms.
Multiple Sclerosis is hard to diagnose; early signs of MS are non–specific and the individual may appear to have another disease ("NMSS," 2012). It is
still unclear how multiple sclerosis is inherited, although the disease does appear to be passed down over family generations. Most people exhibit
symptoms for the disease between the ages of 20–40 years old; symptoms can vary depending on the individual and can range anywhere from mild to
extremely painful ("NINDS," 2015). People manage their symptoms in different ways including prescription

Special Populations Paper
Special Populations Page 2
There were several special populations that I found to be interesting. These populations include children with learning disabilities, overweight children,
childhood diabetes, people with illnesses due to nervous system disorders, and abused women. After carefully looking at all these different topics I
decided on people with illnesses due to nervous system disorders.
All the populations listed above have affected my life in one way or another. There is only one that I have to live with on a daily bases. I have an
illness due to a nervous system disorder. Day by day I have to live with the effects o multiple sclerosis. The interest in this area comes from me wanting
to know as much about this disease ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These organizations that the case manager could recommend include the following: MSFriends, MSWorld, Multiple Sclerosis Association of America,
Multiple Sclerosis Foundation and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. All these organizations could be helpful to the client.
There are several limitations that come to mind when thinking about dealing with clients with multiple sclerosis. With me having multiple sclerosis I
am more empathic with others that have the same illness. Since I feel this way many times people will take advantage of me. Another limitation is
that my mind may not always be in the right place. When I say this I mean sometimes I could be having a bad day and not meaning to I could gibe the
impression to the client that I do not care about what is happening with them. My main strength when it comes to dealing with this population is my
knowledge about the illness. Having first hand knowledge as to what a person can expect and explaining this to them is very helpful. The main way I
would use my strength to overcome my limitations is by remembering that knowledge is the most important thing when it comes to having multiple
sclerosis. Being compassionate is important but having that knowledge can mean life or death.
With multiple sclerosis I do not think there would be any multicultural issues to consider. This is an illness that does not see color or culture. Anyone
can get this illness; just if you do you

Texas Cpa Report
THE UNIFORM TEXAS CPA EXAMINATION: REQUIREMENTS AND PROCESS Prepared for Dr. Newman by Stefanie Chen October 19, 2015
CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................ii
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1 REQUIREMENTS TO APPLY FOR AND SIT FOR THE TEXAS CPA
EXAM...................1 Moral character.....................................................................................1 Degrees&150
hours.................................................................................2 Accounting, business, and ethics courses........................................................2 FOUR
SECTIONS AND TEST STRUCTURES.........................................................5 Coverage and structure............................................................................5
THE RULES, TESTING WINDOWS, AND SITES.....................................................6
Rules.................................................................................................6 Testing window.....................................................................................6... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exam/Qualifications – Requirements for Examination Candidates must meet the following qualifications to take the CPA exam. * Be of good moral
character. * Hold a baccalaureate or higher degree from a board–recognized United States college or university, or an equivalent degree. * Complete150
semester hours or quarter–hour equivalents of college credit. * Complete 30 semester hours or quarter–hour equivalents of upper level accounting
courses from a board–recognized college or university, of which 15 semester hours or quarter–hour equivalents must be in traditional face–to–face
courses. Within the coursework two–semester hours of accounting or tax research and analysis are required. * Complete 24 semester hours or
quarter–hour equivalents of upper level related business courses. Within the coursework two–semester hours of accounting or business communications
are required. * Complete a 3–semester–hour Board–approved ethics course. Four Sections in the CPA Exam * Auditing and Attestation * Business
Environment and Concepts * Financial Accounting and Reporting * Regulation The Rules, Testing Window, and Sites * Scheduling rules * Testing
window * Testing centers in Texas Prepare for and Take the Uniform CPA Exam * Courses and options

Ethical Implications of Assisted Reproductive Technology...
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is a measure used to treat infertility where both sperm and eggs are handled, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) the
most common form has been used since 1981 in the United States. ART may enable individuals who were previously not able to conceive and deliver
a child the ability to do so. In 2009 the Suleman Octuplets were born using the IVF technique to a single mother who also had six other children under
the same methods. The Suleman Octuplets and their mother, Nadya Suleman, became a focus of interest for many based on the controversy and ethical
dilemmas that surrounded their birth.
Ethical Implications in the Suleman Octuplet Case and the Theories and Principles that Apply
Prior to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Suleman's choice to reproduce occurred with her first six children and she was incapable of supporting or caring for them therefore she should not
have been allowed to have more children. The health and welfare of her first six children plus the additional ones she wanted seemed to be of little
concern to Suleman. Society was already burdened with financially supporting three of her children and her choice to have more disregarded the
Principle of Common Good and the potential additional burden she would place on society. English (2006) concludes that the Human Fertilisation
and Embryology Authority (HFEA), established in the United Kingdom, regulates IVF by protecting patients, their children, scientific freedoms and
IVF practitioners while alleviating public concern regardless of past problems is something society needs. HFEA under the Principle of Subsidiarity
has been identified is charged with the ethical standards, safety and welfare of the patient, child, society, and the medical provider and with no like
regulatory body in the United States individuals make their own decisions ethical or not. The ethical implication here can also be applies to
Stewardship, just because you can doesn't mean you should. IVF and its associated technology are available but should they be used in all cases where
someone wants a

Legalization of Medical Marijuana
In April of 1998, the Green Party released an official statement supporting medicinal marijuana stating, "We support the legal reclassification of
marijuana to allow its availability in the medical treatment of serious illnesses. We oppose the harassment and prosecution of patients, providers, and
physicians who respectively use, provide, or recommend marijuana for the medical treatment of serious illnesses." In 1972 the US Congress placed
marijuana in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act because they considered it to have "no accepted medical use."(5) Proponents of medical
marijuana argue that it can be a safe and effective treatment for the symptoms of cancer, AIDS,multiple sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, epilepsy, and other
conditions. Opposers of medicinal marijuana argue of harmful side effects, learning disabilities and potential drug abuse.
History of medicinal marijuana:
What is THC:
How does marijuana work:
What can be treated with medicinal cannabis?
There are many illnesses that can be treated by medicinal marijuana. In cases of patients with glaucoma, it has shown that medicinal marijuana has
helped to lessen nerve pressure in the eye. For cancer patients, marijuana reaches the part of the brain that suppresses pain, stimulates appetite and
combats nausea associated with chemotherapy. Marijuana helps relieves spasms and contractions in people with multiple sclerosis and prevents
seizures of people with epilepsy.
Is it safer than prescription

The Formation of In-groups
The author of this piece is Dr. Gordon Allport. He is the former head of Harvard's Department of Psychology as well as the founding father of social
psychology. Allport published many books including The Nature of Prejudice (1954). The purpose of the article is to inform the audience that
in–groups are everywhere and identity is based on our in–groups. This essay is an excerpt from the book The Nature of Prejudice in 1954 and is a
credible source because the principles Allport discussed are still studied by psychologists and researchers today. In the essay, Allport speaks of
reference groups and how it relates to in–groups. According to Allport reference groups are the group that an individual wishes to be apart of, but an
in–group is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This article "One and Done" is an excerpt from her book "One and Only" and the reviews of this book come from extremely credible sources such as
the New York Times, therefore establishing her credibility. The author's purpose for writing this piece is to argue that having one child is not
"detrimental" to the child psychologically, and only–children are not different than kids with siblings. This piece was written July 7, 2010 so the
research and studies are very up to date. The main points of this article started out with the argument of why Sandler herself decided to have one
child, and this is based on how "the economy is sluggish... and raising kids cost a bundle. She describes the effects of the recession on the number
of children women bear, and points out that women are having less and less children because of their high costs. Sandler then goes on to discuss
why people urge families to have more than one child, and she uses personal experience of a cashier in a store to exemplify the pressure of having
more kids. Sandler investigates why there is such an aversion to have only one child, "single children are perceived as spoiled, selfish, solitary
misfits," because this is such a believable stereotype, parents are pressured to have multiple children because they "don't want to do that to their child."
Sandler uses the study by Granville Stanley Hall to act as a counterargument

Fertility Drugs Essay
Fertility Drugs
Most men and women are raised thinking that eventually they will marry and have children. What happens when a couple gets married and wants to
have a child and finds out that after several times of having unprotected sex there is no pregnancy? The finger is usually pointed at the woman but in
some cases it can be due to the man. In a woman's case, the problem is usually that she is not ovulating normally and in a man's case he might have
low sperm count. These are the problems that are most heard of but there are other factors that can cause infertility. An anxiouscouple quickly turns to
science to try and find a solution to their problem. Although taking fertility drugs is the "solution", it can be quite strenuous ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is said that women are usually the ones that suffer the most when dealing with infertility. For some women, motherhood is a large part of their
image of themselves as females. Men tend not to be pressured the same way to become fathers. "Most men are able to deal with this matter better
because they are brought up to repress their feelings."(www.babycenter.com) If it is known that the fertility problem is his then a man's image of
himself will begin to suffer. Infertile couples end up on an emotional roller coaster because they begin "to live their life in month to month cycles of
hope and disappointment that revolve around ovulation calendars and menstruation."(www.babycenter.com) They also begin to deal with financial
issues because the treatment is expensive and requires holding off on extra expenses in order to save money.
What are the causes of infertility? All of the cause that will be named were taken from the Major Causes of Infertility Chart from www.babycenter.com
. In the following I will only mention the condition and the definition but they also provide symptom and solution information. Women: Condition:
Endometriosis– This condition, in which endometrial tissue (the uterine lining that sheds with each monthly period) grows outside the uterus.
Condition: Ovulation problems– Any condition (usually hormonal) that prevents the release of a mature

The Effects Of The Birth Of Twins
In 2011, every 1 in 82 births was the birth of twins. In the past two decades, the incidence of twin births raised from 2.2% in 1992 to 3.8% in 2008
(Multiple Births Canada 1). This means that the birth of twins is on the rise. Twins pregnancies are considered high risk and can cause many
complications for mother and babies. After the twins are born there are many challenges parents face to provide for each baby with an adequate amount
of attention to create a bond, especially during the first year. This paper outlines some of the short–term stressors associated with having twins such as
effects on the mother, father, other children in the family and how they can cope with the stress. This paper argues twins cause more stress for families,
1). Many studies have documented elevated parental stress and psychological distress following the birth of a preterm baby or low birth weight baby,
which is common when it comes to the birth of twins. Parental stress is often self–reported and described as chronic, acute or situational. Many
mothers worry about financials, the individuality of the twins and their impact on the other family members (Harvey, Regender, and Denny 30).
Social support is the most important coping resource for parents of premature infants because it has been shown to lessen the impacts of stress
(Lutz et al. 644). Social support can be defined as having one's needs met through the presence and interaction with others, such as spouses, family
members or friends (Lutz et al. 644). Support from family members is more prominent in the lives of twins than in single babies because not all
mothers are willing or able to care for twins on their own. Occasionally social support from family does not always give mothers proper bonding time
with each twin. This is because one twin is always handed off to another person while the other stays with the mother. This again may have a negative
impact on the bonding of child and mother during the first year (Piontelli 79). With the right social support mothers and families can easily make it
through the first year of the twins' lives and relieve the short–term

Evidence Based Practice Changes By Jean Martin Charcot And...
Evidence–based Practice Changes
"To take away from neurology all the discoveries made by Charcot would be to render it unrecognizable" (Jay, 2000, p. 10). However, nurses of today
recognize that had Lidwina of Schiedam lived during Jean Martin Charcot's (1825–1893) and Florence Nightingale's era (1859–1969), Lidwina's
nursing care would have been person–centered and focused on the environment and her physical factors (Alligood, 2014; Murray & McDonald, 2005).
Health care professionals of today are fortunate to now have a clinical description and classification of multiple sclerosis. As a result, with new
discoveries, nurses continue to create, analyze, and evaluate nursing concepts, philosophies and theories using research–based evidence and clinical
expertise (Institute of Medicine, 2001).
The new discoveries, quality improvements, and evidence–based care that has changed the course of multiple sclerosis diagnosis, treatment, and care
since Jean Martin Charcot and Florence Nightingale's time is encouraging and exciting for those that live with the disease. New technologies and
critical milestones abound. For example, in 1981 the first MRI pictures of a brain affected by MS was produced ("Research News and Progress,"
2016). Also, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been instrumental in allowing more precise diagnosis and important biomarkers for determining
the effect of treatments from clinical trials (Koutsouraki & Michmizos, 2014). These remarkable advances in

I Am Born With Multiple Birth Defects, Including A Cleft...
I was born with multiple birth defects, including a cleft palate. These defects required me to need several surgeries throughout my childhood. This
experience introduced me to the medical field early on and started my passion for pursuing a career in the discipline. I came to University of South
Florida as a pre–nursing student in the hopes of making in to the nursing program. I plan to apply to nursing school this spring and hope to continue
my education to become a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, Pediatric Registered Nurse, or a Family Nurse Practitioner.
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
My previous experience in the hospital setting showed me many different career options within the field, and one that always stuck out was CRNAs.
They were always the ones to make me feel comfortable and safe as they put me to sleep before a surgery, making them one of my favorite
individuals in the surgical room. I want to be a CRNA so I can be that person for children going through the same thing that I went through.
Additionally, I enjoy science and have always excelled in the subject, so I am extremely fascinated in the science behind anesthesia. The idea of putting
someone to sleep to make surgery tolerable and painless interests me.
Education
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist is a two year graduate program. To be accepted in to this program you must receive a bachelor's degree in
nursing, be certified as a registered nurse, and complete a year of clinical

The Theory Of The Birth Territory Theory Essay
The theory I selected to apply to the above situation is the Birth Territory theory. This theory was created from empirical data collected by the authors
who serve as both midwives and researchers. It has a critical post–structural feminist undertone and elaborates on the ideas of Michel Foucault. The
Birth Territory theory predicts and elaborates on the relationships between jurisdiction (use of authority and influence), terrain (the birthing
environment), and personal emotional and physiological experience by the mother. This nurse–midwifery theory was chosen because both of the major
concepts directly correlate with the incident and are critical aspects of labor and delivery situations. MAYBE ELABORATE A diagram of the Birth
Territory theory can be seen in Appendix A. Key concepts included in this theory are terrain and jurisdiction. Sub–concepts listed under terrain include '
'surveillance room' and sanctum'. Sub–concepts listed under jurisdiction include 'midwifery guardianship', 'integrative power', 'midwifery domination',
and 'disintegrative power'. 'Terrain' signifies the aspects of the birth environment. These include physical and geographical features such as the birthing
furniture, as labor and birthing accessories, and personal support systems (birthing partner). 'Terrain' includes two sub–concepts: 'sanctum' and
'surveillance room'. A 'sanctum' is a homely birthing environment optimally designed to promote a private, healthy labor and birth. Amenities included

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable immune–mediated disease where the body's own immune system destroys the myelin sheaths of the
affected individuals neurons. MS is a disabling disease because it disrupts the flow of information within the brain and the flow of information between
the brain and the body. The cause of MS is unknown but it affects women more than men. Scientists believe the disease is triggered by certain
environmental factors to individuals who are genetically predisposed. The antigen present in the myelin and nerve fibers that immune cells target is
still unknown. Damaged myelin forms scar tissue (sclerosis). There is no cure for MS but individuals with MS seek treatment to help prevent the
degradation of neurons.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mutations lead to a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII, causing increased bleeding and affects males a majority of the time. HA can occur in
homozygous females. 5–10% of patients with HA have dysfunctional proteins (factor VII) and 90% to 95% of HA cases are characterized by a
quantitative deficiency pf factor VII. Patients usually experience bleeding episodes: the most serious bleeding sites include, joints, muscles, digestive
tract, and brain. 30% of cases are caused by new mutations. Medications are prescribed to prevent bleeding episodes and for more severe cases blood
coagulate and blood plasma treatments are

Arnold Palmer Case
Arnold Palmer Hospital Case Study
1. The case study indicates that the approach to match capacity to demand utilized by Arnold Palmer Hospital must be approach (a), leading demand
with an incremental expansion. The reason for this is that it is evident that Arnold Palmer Hospital is attempting to acquire capacity to stay ahead of
demand, or in other words by leading capacity, on account of the fact that the opening of the new 11–store hospital building will increase yearly
birthing capacity to 16,000, which is far above the estimated 13,600 births expected during 2007, as shown by Table S7.3. Furthermore, the fact that
the hospital and Swanson in particular is choosing to follow a multi–stage approach in terms of the hospital's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
That is to say, the population in the area may for example be aging and thus birth rates may fall, etc. Also, they need to look at the economic situation
in the area as well. By that I mean looking at whether young couples/families are continuing to move into the area? Are there enough job opportunities
in the area that will fuel growth of this demographic group? All this may affect population growth and subsequently birth rates. 3. Using Excel's data
analysis regression tool, the follow data was found by plugging in the years (coded from 1 through 13) in column A and the number of births in column
B and then substituting column A for input X range and column B for input Y range:
SUMMARY OUTPUT | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Regression Statistics | | | | | | | | |Multiple R |0.984835305 | | | | | | | | |R Square |0.969900578 | | | | | | | |
|Adjusted R Square |0.967164267 | | | | | | | | |Standard Error |473.2824687 | | | | | | | | |Observations |13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ANOVA | | | | | | | | | | |df
|SS |MS |F |Significance F | | | | |Regression |1 |79396723.52 |79396723.52 |354.455521 |1.02108E–09 | | | | |Residual |11 |2463959.247 |223996.2952 | | |
| | | |Total |12 |81860682.77 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Coefficients |Standard Error |t Stat |P–value |Lower 95% |Upper 95% |Lower 95.0% |Upper 95.0% |
|Intercept |4679.884615 |278.4549858 |16.80661096 |3.42384E–09 |4067.009324 |5292.759906 |4067.009324

Multiple Sclerosis
There are many debilitating side effects and symptoms that accompany Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In MS, the immune system essentially fights itself
and attacks its own body's cells, causing progressive damage in the brain and spinal chord. Some key symptoms and side effects of the disease are
vision problems, muscle weakness, and trouble walking or speaking. However, this is not it, There are many more side effects and symptoms that very
between individuals. Some of the symptoms that haven't thoroughly been researched are the changes that occur in the brain of an MS patient, especially
a pediatric MS patient. There are several existing hypothesis about Multiple Sclerosis' debilitating effects in the brain, but no concrete research done on
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thalamic volume was significantly and positively correlated with 8 of the 9 cognitive outcomes and also correlated with an index of global intellectual
function in the MS group. Corpus Callosum area, on the other hand, was most strongly correlated with global outcomes (Full scale IQ, mental
processing speed, confrontation naming). One critical finding was that Thalamic volume and Corpus Callosum area were significantly lower in MS
patients meeting criteria of cognitive impairment relative to those who did not meet

The Molecular Formula For Thalidomide
Thalidomide Essay
By Chloe Mc Gee
L00116537
(R)–Thalidomide(S)–Thalidomide
The molecular formula for thalidomide is C13H10N2O4 and it has a molar mass of 258.23g/mol. Some of the trade names for thalidomide are
thalomid, immunoprin, talidex and talizer. The main use of thalidomide today is mainly as a treatment for certain cancers and leprosy. Thalidomide
was developed by a German firm called Chemie Grunenthal. It was first developed as an anticonvulsant drug, but failed to be effective as an
anticonvulsant drug. It was also tested as an antihistamine and anti–biotic. Through early trials they discovered it would not be suitable for this
purpose. The drug thalidomide became first marketed as an over the counter drug in 1957 called contergan and was mainly prescribed to pregnant
women for morning sickness it was also given as a drug to calm children. Thalidomide beforehand had however been prescribed as an
antidepressant, it was thought to be effective for both morning sickness and depression. From the 1st of October in 1957 thalidomide was available
over the counter in West Germany. Soon after the drug became available to buy over the counter between 5000 to 7000 women gave birth to a child
with some sort of defect. The first baby born which was effected by thalidomide was born on Christmas day in 1956 a baby girl was born with no
ears. The woman who gave birth to the child was in fact the wife of a Chemie Grunenthal employee, he had given her samples of thalidomide

Multiple Sclerosis Research Paper
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
INTRODUCTION
The word sclerosis comes from the Greek 'skleros' meaning hard. In multiple sclerosis, hard areas called 'plaques' (also known as lesions or scars)
develop around the damaged nerves. 'Multiple' refers to the many different areas of the central nervous system that may have damaged myelin.1
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that involves the central nervous system (CNS), the nerves that comprise the brain and spinal cord. It
has two major features2:
Destruction of myelin, a fatty insulation covering the nerve fibers, is the main characteristic of MS. The end results of this process, called
demyelination, are multiple patches of hard, scarred tissue called plaques or lesions. Sclerosis comes from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the present study, 180 community dwelling adults with MS completed a postal survey that included demographic measures, MS disease measures,
and several standardized measures of pain, including pain intensity, variability, location, and pain–related interference. Some 66% of the sample
reported pain, 25% of whom reported severe pain. Persons with pain reported an average of 6.6 distinct pain sites. Using the Brief Pain Inventory
Interference Scale, the average level of overall pain interference was 3.33 (0–10 scale) in the group reporting pain. The highest levels of pain
interference were reported for sleep, recreational activities, and work in and outside the home. Persons with pain were more likely to report greater
MS disease severity, poorer psychological functioning, and poorer health than persons with MS but not pain. Persons with pain were also less likely to
be employed. These findings are consistent with previous research that shows that pain is common in MS, that it is severe in a substantial subset of
these individuals and has the potential to negatively impact physical and psychosocial functioning over and above the effects of MS

Dual Citizenship : A Citizen Of More Than A Country
What is dual citizenship?
Dual citizenship is an individual's citizenship position, in which an individual is jointly considered to be a citizen of more than a country under the
legislations of those countries ("Multiple citizenship", n.d.). Multiple citizenship results as dissimilar nations utilize dissimilar basis for citizenship ('
Multiple citizenship", n.d.).
Numerous nations have not permitted dual citizenship since they believe that it will represent a growth in the immigration of foreigners, inflated
lawbreaking rates, fewer job possibilities for their citizens, and an extensive social and cultural disparity in the population. Alternatively, separate
nations support dual citizenship because they believe it heightens the expertise extent of their citizens. This invites free and progressive trade, thus
extending employment opportunities and assisting the nation to establish an international influence (Kundan, 2014).
Advantages of dual citizenship
Privileges and benefits: Dual citizens can obtain the benefits and privileges provided by every single nation. For instance, they have the permission to
use two social service arrangements, are eligible to vote in either nation and may have the capacity to campaign for elections in either nation (subject to
an individual country's laws). In addition, they are granted to have a job in either nation in the absence of an employment permit and can go to school
in either nation at the citizen tuition rate (Jean, n.d.).
Two

Understanding Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells in the bone marrow (Porth, 2009). Also known
as plasma cell myeloma, myelomatosis, medullary plasmacytosis or Kahler's disease, MM results from the development of a monoclonal
immunoglobulin (referred to as an M–protein), a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain, or both (Ferreira, 2013). Patients with MM can present with
a wide range of signs and symptoms including bone fractures, anemia and kidney damage or no symptoms at all (Lobban & Perkins, 2013). This
creates a diagnostic challenge to clinicians as many of these conditions are of benign etiology (Lobban & Perkins, 2013). The individual variations
among patients with... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients with increased age, male gender, African American descent, familial incidence of MM or a history of other plasma cell disorders are all at
higher risk of a developing MM (Lobban & Perkins, 2013). Radiation and exposure to agricultural chemicals like Agent Orange have been linked to
MM (Kelly et al, 2010). Other risk factors include chronic immune stimulation, autoimmune disorders, and certain viruses including HIV infection
(Porth, 2009). To understand the pathophysiology of MM, it is essential to understand the concept of B–cell maturation into plasma cells that release
proteins called immunoglobulins (Kelly et al, 2010). Lymphoid stem cells in the bone marrow develop into either T or B lymphocytes (Kelly et al,
2010). The B lymphocyte is responsible for humoral immunity and can be identified by the presence of a membrane immunoglobulin (Sommer,
2009). There are five classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE (Sommer, 2009). Each immunoglobulin has "two identical light (L)
chains and two identical heavy (H) chains to form a 'Y'–shaped molecule" (Sommer, 2009, p. 365). The light chains are termed kappa or lambda and
the heavy chains define the five classes of immunoglobulins (Kelly et al, 2010). Myeloma occurs when there is an overproduction of one of these
immunoglobulins (Kelly et al, 2010). The immunoglobulin that

Vitro And Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis
In–virto fertilization (IVF) and pre–implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can both be used when there is difficulty for a couple to naturally
conceive on their own. IVF is defined as a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a
child. During IVF, mature eggs are collected from your ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab. IVF is the most effective assisted form of
reproduction. PGD is defined as the testing of pre–implantation stage embryos or oocytes for genetic defects. It has been developed for couples whose
potential offspring are at risk of severe Mendelian disorders, structural chromosome abnormalities or mitochondrial disorders.
Over time PGD has become a socio–scientific issue, this means its a controversial issue relating to science. PGD falls into this category because it
boarders on multiple options with looking into a person's ethics. For ethical reasons its becomes an issue when looking at selective terminations and
advancements on PGD. Many people believe that life begins with fertilization, PGD gives couples the chance to screen many fertilized embryos to see
if they have diseases including Cystic Fibrosis and Huntington's. If they do carry this gene then the couples can choose to terminate the embryo. Or if
they form many 'healthy' embryos then the couples have to decide which one to keep. Causing a social debate on the ethics of this decision, whether
this is taking a life or not? There is

Standardized Tests Are Biased And Unfair Essays

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