Mining Machines.

1. Mehdi Balti (23101) 1
(Balochistan University of Information Technology,
Engineering & Management Science, Quetta)
(Features of Mine-Machines)
SUBMITTED TO: Engg. Fawad-ul-Hassan
SUBMITTED BY: Ghulam Mehdi
SUBJECT: Mine Power ,Drainage & Material Handling
CMS ID: 23101
DEPT: BS Mining Engg. 6th
, (Fall-12)
DATE: 25-04- 2015
……………………Buitems,Quetta……………………………

2. Mehdi Balti (23101) 2
Features of Machines
Continuous Operation:
The machines combine the breakage and handling functions, cutting, drilling and blasting are
eliminated, and extraction and loading are performed in a single function (excavation).
Cyclic Operation:
The machines performed the two principal operations loading and haulage, with hoisting an
optional third when essentially vertical transport is required.
Conveyor:
Surface/Underground Equipment
Continuous Operation
The most common conveyor is the belt conveyor, but there are also screw conveyors, and
conveyors that operate on a series of individual rollers.
Portable Stacking Conveyor
Modern belts are made of a number of materials, including cotton, canvas, leather, neoprene,
nylon, polyester, polyurethane, urethane, PVC, rubber, silicone and steel.

3. Mehdi Balti (23101) 3
Features:
All conveyors work to achieve to aid in moving something from point A to point B.
A belt conveyor consists of two pulleys located at either end of the machine, and a continuous
belt that rotates on them. The powered pulleys move the belt and any material on it, forward.
Individual rolling conveyors include accumulation conveyors, line shaft conveyors and chain
driven conveyors.
Conveyors are used in a wide variety of industries including industrial, mining and automotive.
The technology has even been adapted into moving sidewalks and escalators.
Advantages:
 Continuous operation
 High production
 Low operating cost
Disadvantages:
 Capital cost
 Material size
Rail:
Surface/Underground Equipment
Continuous Operation
When a high production rate can be maintained over a long period of time, the rail will provide
the lowest cost per ton of any system. The railroad has a high initial cost that severely limits its
use for overburden.
Most waste is dispersed of by dumping from a higher elevation with an outward building pile
being formed. This can only be done by railroad if side dump cars are used.
Rail movement of waste is probably only justified where the main mine ore transport is by rail
and waste and ore car is interchangeability is practical.
Waste volume should also be large to experience the low costs of rail movement.

4. Mehdi Balti (23101) 4
Advantages:
 Low cost for Long haul distance
 High output, low cost
 Can handle coarse materials
 Relatively small labor force for potential tonnage moved
Disadvantages:
 Track maintenance
 Capital cost (High initial cost)
 Inflexibility of the system
Truck:
Surface/Underground Equipment
Continuous Operation
A truck is a vehicle used for carrying materials or for towing other vehicles and trailers. Trucks
can be used for a variety of purposes, both industrial and commercial. In addition to transporting
materials great distances, they can also haul and tow large objects not feasibly towed by a car,
such as farm equipment, cattle, supplies, trailers, recreational boats, and homes.
Although trucks come in many different types, the most common are the light-, medium-, and
heavy-duty trucks used for commercial and industrial purposes.
Features:
The features of a truck can vary from type to type. The typical truck, commercial or industrial,
contains only two passenger seats.
Trucks, particularly heavy-duty trucks, have a series of clutches, gears, and pedals to help
facilitate a smooth drive. Trucks without a synchronizer to accompany the transmission use
double clutching for each shift to help change gears. Double clutching can help the driver operate
the engine and control the transmission power so the revolutions are synchronized, allowing for a
smooth shift to be achieved.
The internal configuration of a heavy-duty truck calls for a manual transmission without
synchronizers to cut down on the bulk and weight that the synchronizers add. It is not
uncommon, however, to see synchronizers used in conjunction with some large truck
transmissions.

5. Mehdi Balti (23101) 5
Advantages:
 Handles coarse materials
 Flexible and maneuverable
 Considerable speed 30 to 45 mph
 Diesel powered
 Good traction with maximum load applied
Disadvantages:
 Requires good haul roads
 High operating cost
 Slow by bad weather

6. Mehdi Balti (23101) 6
Dozer:
Surface/Underground Equipment
Continuous Operation
A crawler tractor is a vehicle that moves on tracks instead of wheels. The tracks spread the
vehicle’s weight over a larger surface area, enabling the tractor to exert a lower force per unit
area on the ground. This allows the tractor to safely traverse over moister ground like rich soil,
snow, or mud. A variety of attachments can be added to the crawler tractor thereby maximizing
its usability. When a dozer blade is attached to the front of the crawler tractor it is commonly
known as a "bulldozer". With a loader attachment, it becomes a crawler loader.
The bulldozer blade is operated with hydraulics and comes in three different models:
A straight blade is short with no lateral curve or side wings, and is used for fine grading.
The universal blade is tall and curved with large side wings enabling it to carry a heavy load.
The combination straight-universal blade melds the two styles, retaining size and curvature, but
less extreme in both. It is used mainly for pushing piles of large rocks.
Additional types of blades include the angle dozer in which a removable angling blade is pinned
to a "C frame" which is bolted to the crawler tractor.
Smaller crawler tractors can have a six-way blade which, in addition to raising and lowering, can
also angle and tilt.

7. Mehdi Balti (23101) 7
Advantages:
 Flexible
 Versatile, Excellent gradeability, Good movability
 Excavate and Transport material over short Distances
 Used for Land clearance, Striping Overburden,
Grading, Leveling Feeding Trapping and Reclamation
 Low cost
Disadvantages:
 Low speed
 Limited haul
 Low production
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