Zeta-Potential.

1. SUBJECT: Mineral Processing II
(Balochistan University of Information Technology,
Engineering & Management Sciences, Quetta)
……………………Buitems,Quetta……………………………
Assignment No#01
Magnetic Susceptibility & its Curve Chart.
Susceptibility:
If the field intensity is kept constant and different minerals prepared in the same suitable
sample form are brought at a fixed distance from the poles then measure of permeability is
called “Susceptibility”.
Normally pure soft metallic iron is taken as the reference and the value of susceptibility other
minerals compared with it.
Magnetic Susceptibility(S):
The ratio of the intensity of the magnetization to that of magnetic field that produces
magnetization is called magnetic susceptibility.
S=M/H…………………….(i)
While the magnetic induction will be;
B= µ˳(H+M)…………………(ii)
Combining equations (i) and (ii), we get;
B= µ˳H(1+S)

2. Where µ=(1+S) is a dimensionless number known as the relative permeability.
Magnetization curves for paramagnetic and diamagneticmaterials:
For paramagnetic materials (S) is a small positive constant and is a negative constant for
diamagnetic materials. The magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic materials dependent on
magnetic field, decreasing with the field strength if becomes saturated.
Assignment No#02
WEMCO Fragergren Cell.
Wemco Fragergren Cell:
The most widely used ore treatment and floatation machine is the WFC. It is usually
manufactured in sizes up to 42.5m3. The modern 1+1 type consists of a rotor dispersed
Assembly, rather than impeller and a unit usually comprises a long rectangular trough divided
into sections each containing a rotor disperser assembly. The feed enters below the first
partition and tails go over partitions from one section to the next.

3. Assignment No#03
Classification of Polar Minerals.
Classification of Polar Minerals:
Group 01 Group 02 Group 3(a) Group 3(b) Group 4 Group 5
Galena Barite Cerrusite Flourite Hematite Zircon
Covellite Anhydrate Malachite Calcite Magnetite Wellimite
Chalcocite Gypsum Azurite Magnesite Chromite Beryl
Argentite Anglesite Wulfenite Dolomite Ilemenite Feldspar

4. Chalcopyrite Monazite Coeundum Quartz
All minerals are classified into polar and non-polar according to their surface characteristics.
The surfaces of non-polar particles are characterized by relatively weak molecular bonds. The
minerals are composed of covalent molecules held together by the VANDERWAALS forces.
Minerals with strong covalent surface bonding are referred as polar minerals and exhibit high
free energy values at the polar surface. The polar surfaces react strongly with water molecules
and these minerals are naturally hydrophilic.
The polar groups of minerals have been subdivided into various classes depending upon
magnitude of polarity which increases from group 1-5 above table. Minerals of group three
have similar degrees of polarity but those in group 3a can be rendered hydrophobic apart from
the native metals the minerals of group one are all sulphides which are weak polar due to their
weak covalent bonding.
Assignment No#04
Zeta Potential & Effect on Adsorption:
Zeta potential is a scientific term for electro kinetic potential in colloidal dispersions. From a
theoretical viewpoint, the zeta potential is the electric in the interfacial double layer (DL) at the
location of the slipping plane relative to a point in the bulk fluid away from the interface. In
other words, zeta potential is the potential difference between the dispersion medium and the
stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle.

5. (Zeta Potential)
The zeta potential is caused by the net electrical charge contained within the region bounded
by the slipping plane, and also depends on the location of that plane. Thus it is widely used for
quantification of the magnitude of the charge. However, zeta potential is not equal to the Stern
potential or electric surface potential in the double layer, because these are defined at different
locations. Such assumptions of equality should be applied with caution. Nevertheless, zeta
potential is often the only available path for characterization of double-layer properties.
Electro kinetic Phenomena:

6. Electrophoresis is used for estimating zeta potential of particulates, whereas streaming
potential/current is used for porous bodies and flat surfaces. In practice, the Zeta potential of
dispersion is measured by applying an electric field across the dispersion. Particles within the
dispersion with a zeta potential will migrate toward the electrode of opposite charge with a
velocity proportional to the magnitude of the zeta potential.
The zeta potential is caused by the net electrical charge contained within the region bounded
by the slipping plane, and also depends on the location of that plane. Thus it is widely used for
quantification of the magnitude of the charge. However, zeta potential is not equal to the Stern
potential or electric surface potential in the double layer, because these are defined at different
locations. Such assumptions of equality should be applied with caution. Nevertheless, zeta
potential is often the only available path for characterization of double-layer properties.
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Assignment No#05
Two Product Problem: