Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Cell Introduction
Similar to Cell Introduction (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Cell Introduction
- 1. Cell Biology • It is the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cell • Which is basic unit of life • It is concerned with the physical properties, metabolic processes, signalling pathway, life- cycle, chemical composition and interaction of the cell with their environment • This is done on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- 4. Cell membrane • Structure – Phospholipid bilayer - contain Cholesterol and Glycoprotein Function - Provide protection - Selectively permeable - Cell recognition and receptors protein - Import and Export (endo/exocytosis)
- 5. Nucleus ( command center )
- 6. • Bounded by double porous membrane • Control all of the cell activity growth and metabolism, using DNA genetic information • Control cell division • Within have Nucleolus :- - Cluster of RNA - Produces ribosomes
- 7. Cytoskeleton
- 8. • Maintain the shape and size of cell • Network of long protein strands • Not surrounded by a membrane • Participates in the movement of organelles • Three types :- • Microtubule – Tubulin subunit – help in cell divide by forming spindle fibers • Microfilament – Actin – muscle contraction, cytokinesis, cell motility etc • Intermediate filament – family of protein – provide mechanical support
- 9. Mitochondria
- 10. • The “Powerhouses” of the cell • Sites of chemical reaction that transfer energy from organic compound to ATP • Cells with high energy requirements have more mitochondria ex: muscle and liver cells • Have two membranes • Smoother outer membrane serve as boundary b/w the mitochondria and cytosol • Inner membrane has many folds called cristae – they enlarge the surface area for more chemical reactions • Have their own DNA
- 11. Chloroplast
- 12. • Double membrane bound organelle • Stroma : space within chloroplast • Thylakoid stacks: where reactions occur contain chlorophyll ( pigment ) • Function:- • It is a site for photosynthesis - Light reaction – thylakoid membrane – ATP - Dark reaction - stroma – food * It is a site for photorespiration
- 13.
- 14. Lysosome • Membrane bound sac contain hydrolytic enzymes • Manufactured by Golgi apparatus • function • Garbage disposal • Breakdown bacteria entering cell, worn out organelles, intracellular digestion • Same function in plants is done by vacuole
- 15. Endoplasmic reticulum • System of membranous tubules and sacs • Intracellular Highway – molecules from one part of the cell to other
- 16. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Lack Ribosome • Package protein for transport within cell • Synthesis of membrane phospholipid • Synthesize lipid, triglycerides, steroid in gland cell • Large surface area for chemical reactions • Detoxify drugs in liver cells • Regulation of calcium in muscle cells
- 17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Synthesize protein • It is made up of cisternae, tubules, vesicles • Cisternae are made up of flattened membrane disks, which are involved in the modification of protein.
- 18. Ribosome • Consist of rRNA and protein found in cytoplasm • They bind to mRNA & tRNA to synthesize polypeptide & protein
- 19. Cell wall • A rigid layer of polysaccharides laying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plant, fungi, bacteria
- 20. - Function • Provide structure, protection, rigidity • Permeable • ------------------ • Primary CW :- thin, flexible, growing cell • Secondary CW :- fully grown cell. Not in all cell present i.e. Xylem • Middle lamella :- outer rich in pectin forms the interface between adjacent plant cells & glues them together
- 21.
- 22. • Known as “Microbody” • Catabolise very long chain fatty acid, branched chain fatty acid, D- amino acids & polyamines • Reduction of reactive oxygen species- specifically hydrogen peroxide • 1st reaction of the formation of plamalogens ( a phospholipid in myelin )
- 23. • The three laws of Cell Theory are…. • A. All living things are made of cells. • B. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things. In other words, cells are like the building blocks of all living things. • C. New cells are only made from existing cells.