This document discusses herbal toothpastes, mouthwashes, and dentifrices. It begins with an overview of tooth anatomy and common oral diseases. Herbal ingredients commonly used in oral hygiene products are described, including neem, clove, tulsi, and babul. The document outlines methods for preparing herbal toothpastes, dentifrices, and mouthwashes. Evaluation parameters for consistency, spreadability, antimicrobial activity, and other properties are provided. Finally, some commercially available herbal oral care products are showcased and the conclusion discusses the benefits of herbal remedies over conventional treatments.

1. HERBAL TOOTHPASTE, MOUTHWASHES AND DENTIFRICES
PRESENTED BY : SHIVANI SUNIL SAKHARE
M PHARM 1ST YEAR
(PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY)
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2. INDEX
SR.NO. TITLE SIDE SLIDE NO.
1. Anatomy and Physiology of teeth 3-4
2. Diseases related to teeth 5
3. Ancient method for oral hygiene 6
4. Herbal toothpaste 7-13
5. Herbal Dentifrice 14-19
6. Herbal Mouthwash 20-24
7. Conclusion 25
8. References 26
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3. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF TEETH
• In the mouth, the bone holding the bottom row of teeth is the mandible, and
the bone holding top row of teeth is the maxilla.
• The part of mandible and maxilla that are in the mouth are covered by
the gums.
• There are 20 temporary teeth, 10 in each jaw. They begin to erupt when the child is 6 months
old, and should all be present by 24 months.
• The permanent teeth begin to replace the deciduous teeth in the 6th year of age and this
dentition consisting of 32 teeth, is usually complete by the 24th year.
• Teeth are hard, mineral rich structures which are used to chew food.
• A normal adult mouth has 32 teeth's out of which
1. 8 are incisors
2. 4 are canines
3. 8 are premolars and
4. 8 are molars
5. 4 are wisdom tooths.
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4. FUNCTIONS OF TEETH :
1. Biting of food materials
2. Chewing of food
3. Appearance
STRUCTURE OF TEETH :
• Enamel - The hard, calcified outer covering which is used
to break down the food.
• Dentin- A softer, last line of defence for the tooth pulp in
the event that enamel is broken or dissolved.
• Pulp- Which contains blood vessels and nerves use to keep
the tooth healthy and alert organisms from tooth
injuries and infections.
• Cementum- A bone like tissue that includes both
hydroxyapatite a connective proteins.
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5. DISEASES RELATED TO TEETH
• Cavities(caries) : Bacteria evade removal by brushing and saliva and damage the enamel
and deeper structures of teeth. Most cavities occurs on molars and premolars.
• Tooth decay : a general name of disease of the teeth, including cavities.
• Periodontitis: inflammation of the deeper structures of the teeth. Poor oral hygiene is
usually to blame
• Gingivitis: inflammation of the surface portion of gums around and between the crowns
of the teeth
• Plaque: A sticky, colourless films made of bacteria and substances they secrete plaque
after eating sugary food but can be easily brushed off.
• Tooth sensitivity: when one or more teeth become sensitive to hot or cold it may mean
dentine is exposed.
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6. ANCIENT METHODS FOR ORAL HYGIENE
Ancient Chinese and Egyptian use chewing on bark or sticks with frayed ends, feathers, fish
bones and porcupine quills. They used materials like silver, jade and gold to repair or
decorate there teeth.
Peoples in the Arabian north Africa and the india traditionally cleaned their teeth with chew
teeth made from the Salvadora persica tree they are called miswak or Azadirecta indica also
called as neem.
Europeans clean there teeth with rags rolled in salt or soot.
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7. HERBAL TOOTHPASTE
TOOTHPASTE: toothpaste is a paste or gel use with a
toothbrush to clean and maintain health of teeth.
HISTORY OF TOOTHPASTE
 Egyptians are believed to have started using a paste to clean there teeth around 5000BC.
 ancient toothpaste were used to keeping teeth and gums clean, whitening teeth and
freshening breath.
 At that time toothpaste included powder of ox ashes, burnt egg shell, charcoal powder
Chinese use ginseng, herbal mint and salts.
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8. IDEAL PROPERTIES
1. Good abrasive effect
2. Non irritant and non toxic
3. Impart no strain in tooth
4. Keep the mouth fresh and clean
5. Prolonged effect
6. Cheap and easily available
NEED OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE
Organic toothpaste do not contain dyes or artificial ingredients.
 They have ability to clean teeth gently and effectively while fighting bacteria with plant
extract, natural minerals and aseptic oils.
Herbal toothpaste contains less quantity of fluoride.
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9. GENERAL INGREDIANTS
SR.NO. INGREDIENTS BIOLOGICAL NAME IMAGES PROPERTIES USES
1. Clove Syzygium
aromaticum
germicidal Dental pain, Mouth
ulcer, Bad breath
2. Neem Azadiracta indica Antibacterial Prevent cavities, Gum
diseases, prevent
bleeding
3. Honey Apis mellifera Sweeting agent, Binder Massage
4. Amla Embelica officinalis Anti bacterial Maintain strong and
Healthy teeth, Antigerm
5. Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Preventing halitosis Freshness of mouth,
treatment of Helitosis
6. Babul Acasia arabica Analgesics and anti
inflammatory
Reduce plaque
7. Miswak Salvadora persica Anti fungal, anti viral,
anti bacterial, anti
plaque, analgesics
strengthening the gums,
preventing tooth decay
and cavities
8. Aloe vera Aloe barbandensis Antiinlammatory Haling agent, Gingivitis,
Periodontitis, Plaque.
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10. METHOD OF PREPARATION
The binder is premixed with solid abrasive and triturate
Which is then mixed with liquid phase containing humectants, oil
Then add preservative and sweetener into mixture
After formation of homogeneous paste the flavour detergent added last under low speed
agitator
Mixed, mild deaerated tubes.
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11. EVALUATION PARAMETERS
A. Evaluation
I. Colour
II. Odour
III. Taste
B. Physical characterization taste
I. Determination of Ph- 1 gm of toothpaste in 150ml beaker
add freshly boiled and cooled water(27°C)
Determine the Ph of suspension using Ph meter.
II. Foamability- Small amount of preparation with water in measuring cylinder
(initial volume noted)
shake for 10 min
final volume of foam was noted.
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12. C. Study of rheological properties
I. Spreadability- 1gm of medicated dental paste was weighed and kept at the centre of glass plate
another glass plate was placed over it carefully
1kg weight was placed at centre of plate
Tube
The diameter of paste in cm after 15 min was measured.
II. Tube extrudability- determined by measuring the amount of pastextruded through the tip when pressure was
applied on tube paste.
III. Viscosity- brookfield digital viscometer
D. Microbiological studies
The standard cup plate method using sabouraud’s dextros agar and Mancockys agar and Nutrient agar.
Measurement of zone of inhibition (At 30°C for 5 to 7 days)
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13. MARKETED FORMULATIONS
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14. HEBAL DENTRIFICES(TOOTH POWDER)
• Dentifrice can be used as prophylactic cosmetic for tooth to prevent tooth decay and bad
breath. Dentifrice can be prepared by synthetic and herbal ingredients now a days herbal
formulation are high in demand due to its efficiency to avoid the side effects when
compared with synthetic formulations.
• Herbal toothpowders are available in market in a wide range, consisting various ingredients.
• Tooth powders are alternative to toothpaste.
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15. HISTORY
• Tooth powder was historically used among the Romans to clean and whiten teeth, to fix
them when to loose, to strengthen the gums.
• Tooth powders were first marketed in Britain during 18th century.
• They made tooth powder from variety of substances such as Bones, hoofs and horns of
certain animals, egg shells.
• The use of powdered substances such as charcoal, brick, and salt for cleaning teeth has
been historically widespread in India(Rural areas).
• It can be applied with Index finger(no use of toothbrush).
Egyptians- ox hooves ashes and burned eggshell.
Greeks- Crushed bones and oyster shells.
Romans- Powdered charcoal and Bark.
Chinese- Ginseng, herbs and salt.
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16. GENERAL INGREDIANTS
INGREDIANT BOTANICAL NAME USES
Long pepper Piper longum
Clove powder &
clove oil
Syzgium aromatium Analgesic, Reduce Helitosis
Manjistha Rubica cordifolia Tooth decay and Plaque
Ajwain Trachispermum ammi Act as great mouthwash, good oral
hygiene
Clary sage oil Salvia sclarea Dental plaque, dental cavities
Babool bark powder Acacia nilotica Cure gums
Pacha karpooram Cinnamomum
camphora
Remove sticky film of bacteria
Ginger Gingiber officinaler Remove dental caries
Arjuna bark Terminalia arjuna Gingivities, periodontitis
Cinnamon Cinnamomum
Zeylyanicum
Thooth decay and dental cavities
Miswak Salvadora persica Control plaque, dental caries,
periodontitis
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17. Formulation
Authentication of drugs was done by experts.
Take all herbal ingredients
The material was dried under shade
Powdered it and sieve under mesh no 40.
Mixed all ingredients in mortal and pestle
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18. EVALUATION PARAMETRES
Flow property- Determine by Angle of repose
Φ= tan¯1(h/r)
 Foaming character- specific amount of powder mix with water
(Shaking)
foam form studied for it’s nature.
 Bulk density and tapped density
Hausner’s ratio = tapped density/bulk density
 carr’s index = tapped density-bulk density/ tapped density
 ethanol and water soluble extractive value- vicco vajradanti (standard)
Moisture content
 Anti microbial activity- cup plate method (E. coli, S. aureas, C. albicans)
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19. MARKETED FORMULATIONS
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20. MOUTHWASH
• Definition- mouthwashes are concentrated clear aqueous
solution with a pleasant test intended to clean and deodorise
the mouth or buccal cavity.
• Mouthwash contain antibacterial agents, alcohol, glycerine,
sweetening agent, Flavouring agent and colouring agent.
• They are used in oral mucous disease to treat mouth infections and to maintain oral hygiene.
• Used after diluting with warm water.
USES-
1. Aseptic/ antibacterial
2. Astringent
3. Cooling, refreshing action
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21. INGREDIANTS
SR NO. INGRIDIENTS Botanical name Plant Part Functions
1. Neem Azadiracta indica Bark, Stem Antimicrobial
2. Clove Eugenia caryophyllus Flowder Bud Analgesic, Anti-
inflammatory
.3. Cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bark Flavouring agent,
Bactericidal
4. Liquorice Cinnamomum zeylanicum root Demulscent,
sweetwner
5. Salt - - Osmolytic
preservative
6. Sodium benzoate - - Preservative
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22. Formulation
Collection of Plants -Leaves, bark and stem, buds of pant are collected.
Extraction process- The collected plant materials were washed with sterile water, shadow
dried, pulverized and stored in air-tight bottles separately.
The herbal extracts were filtered using Whatmann filter paper
The herbal Mouthwash was prepared by using suitaible formula
Salt solution was made by preparing 1% w/v solution of salt in sterile water
Then all the extracted ingredients are mixed in a fixed ratio.
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23. Evaluation
1. Color and Odour- Physical parameters like odour and color were examined by visual examination.
2. pH- 1 ml of mouthwash was weighed and dissolved in 50ml of distilled water
measured by using digital pH meter.
3. Test for microbial growth in formulated mouthwash- Streak plate method (Streptococcus mutans)
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24. MARKETED FORMULATIONS
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25. CONCLUSION
Now a days there is gradual shift of people towards natural products due to their
minimal or no side effects. Herbal extracts and the various herbs on the whole or
the specific parts have been used in dentistry. They relieve the problems of gums
and act as excellent mouth fresheners the natural herbal remedies act as an
effective substituent to anti-biotic strategies for oral disease like dental carries,
gingivitis, periodontitis, plaque and represent a promising approach for prevention
and as therapeutic action for various oral infections. As they are natural eradicate
the problem from it’s root and provide long lasting relief. The herbal remedies are
always advantageous over conventional treatment.
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26. REFERENCES
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1. Ross and Wilson Human anatomy and Physiology in health and illness by Anne Waugh
and Allison Grant, Tenth edition, Elseiver Publication, P.g-281-282
2. Shafi Ahmed, Saloni Sinha et al (2018). ‘Formulation and Evaluation of antibacterial
herbal mouthwash against oral disorder’s,’ Journal of Indo Global Pharmaceutical
Science ISSN 2249-1023,8(2):37-40.
3. Megha Gupta, Manish Lavhale,S. Nayak(2004) ‘Evaluation of Herbal Tooth powder for its
Piperine content’, Journal of Ancient Science of Life, Vol-XXIV,(3):126-130.
4. X. Fatima Grace et al (2015), ‘Preparation and evaluation of Herbal Dentrifrice’,
International Research Journal of Pharmacy, ISSN-2230-8407, 8(6):509-511
5. AI Kholani (2011), ‘Comparison between the Efficacy of Herbal and Conventional
Dentifrices on Established Gingivitis’, Dental Research Journal, springer, 8(2):57-63
6. W. Scherer(1998), The ability of an herbal mouth rinse to reduce gingival bleeding,
Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 9(4):97-100
7. Pawar C. R et al(2011), ‘Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Tooth powder compose of
herbal drugs with Antimicrobial screening’, Pharmacogyonline 2:663-670

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