chemistry and us

1. Knowledge of chemistry helps us to
remain healthy

2. • I take this opportunity to express my
profound gratitude and deep regards to my
teacher for her exemplary guidance,
monitoring and constant encouragement
throughout the course of this project. The
blessing, help and guidance given by her
time to time shall carry me a long way in the
journey of life on which I am about to
embark.
Acknowledgement

3. INTRODUCTION
Everything is made of chemicals.
Many of the changes we observe
in the world around us are caused
by chemical reactions. Chemistry
is very important because it helps
us to know the composition,
structure& changes of matter.
All the matter is made up of
chemistry. In our every day life
various chemicals are being used
in various from.

4.  Roughly96percentof themassof thehumanbodyismadeupof justfourelements:oxygen,carbon,
hydrogenandnitrogen, witha lotof thatintheformof water.Bodyis madeup ofchemical
compounds,whicharecombinationsof elements.Humanbodyismostlywater, whichishydrogen
andoxygen.Theremaining4 percentisa sparsesamplingof the periodictableof elements.

5. DIGESTION
 Many chemicals processes happens in our body. Our
stomach secrets hydrochloric acid. Saliva digest food by
chemical process.

6. Ph is the measure of hydronium ion concentration in a solution.
Solutions/ food items with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and
that with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure water has a pH
very close to 7 and is neutral.

8. Acidityrefersto a set of symptoms caused by
an imbalance betweenthe acidsecreting
mechanismof the stomachand proximal
intestine and the protective mechanisms
that ensure their safety. The stomach
normallysecretes acidthat is essential in
the digestive process. Thisacid helps in
breakingdown the food duringdigestion.
When there is excess productionof acid by
the gastricglands of the stomach, it results
in the condition knownas acidity.

9. Causes of acidity
indiscriminate eating of oily food, food
with more salt, sweet and spices can
cause acidity.
Food or drinks containing lot of acids or food
that taste sour helps top increase the secretion
of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Tension, worries and pressure on mind
creates more acid in the stomach.
Frequent drinking of coffee, habit of alcohol,
smoking and drugs etc will help to produce
more hydrochloric acid than necessary for the
digestive process.
Lack of sufficient physical activities, going for
sleep immediately after food will also add the
production of excessive acid.
Any illness related to the alimentary canal or the organs
connected with the digestive organs may lead to
acidity. Taking of allopathic medicines like aspirin or pain
killers.

10. In the beginning of the acidity problem persons
affected will be generally restless.
Heart burn may be felt in cases of acidity.
In many cases there will be the feeling of nausea or
actual vomiting.
Sour belching can be noticed in acidity cases.
Many a times the belching will be with the taste of
the food taken.
There can be some stiffness in some cases with
desire or aversion for some specific types of food
which may indicates of acidity.
Indigestion and severe constipation can be
experienced by those affected by acidity.

11. Effect on systems
• Aciditycangradually create the Stomach ulcers.
If the ulcer/sprogressthe remedy may be
in surgery. It may evenprogressfromulcerstage
to cancer stage. Simple acidityas such may not
be dangerouscondition. However people above
50 yearshave to be very careful. Peoplewho lose
weight have to be very careful. People who
constantly lose appetite have to be cautious.
• If the acidic conditions continue constantly for
longdurations. Someuneasy feelingin
the stomachlike bloating, weight or mass etc if
present such people have to be careful.

12. Aciditycontrol
• Avoidspicy , saltyand acidic foods.
• Smokingand alcohol consumption
must be stopped.
• Antacidtablets
• H2 receptor blockers [cause the
stomachto produce less acidby
blockinghistamine
receptors (example: Drugs like
Cimetidine , Ranitidine, Famotidine or
Nizatidine) ]
• Proton pump inhibitors [selectively
disablea mechanism in acid-making
cellsthus stoppingacid production are
more powerful and include
Omeprazole andLansoprazole ]
• Diagnosis of ulcers

13. I. An antacid is a substance
which neutralizes stomach acidity
II. Antacids either directly neutralize
acidity, increasing the pH, or
reversibly reduce or block the
secretion of acid by gastric cells to
reduce acidity in the stomach.

14. Useful antacids
 Alka-Seltzer – NaHCO3 and/or KHCO3
 Andrews Antacid – CaCO3 MgCO3
 Brioschi – NaHCO3
 Equate – CaCO3 Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2
 Maalox (liquid) – Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2
 Maalox (tablet) – CaCO3
 Milk of Magnesia – MgOH2
 Pepto-Bismol – C7H5BiO4
 Pepto-Bismol Children’s – CaCO3
 Rennie (tablets) – CaCO3 MgCO3
 Rolaids – CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2
 Tums – CaCO3
 Mylanta – Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2
 Eno - NaHCO3, Citric acid, Na2CO3
 Gelusil (available in tablet and syrup form)
 Gaviscon (tablet form in UK & ZA) (liquid form in US,) CaCO
and NaHCO CaCO3, NaHCO3 and E401(Sodium alginate)

15. 

16. healthcare
 The diagnostictests carriedout in laboratories, the prognostic estimations, medical
prescriptions, pills, the vaccines, the antibiotics playvery vital role in healthmonitoring,
controlof diseasesand in alleviating the sufferings of the humanity. Right frombirth
controlto enhancement of life expectancy- all have beenmade possible using the
unequivocal services of Chemistry. Fromsimple sterilization surgicalinstrumentswith
antiseptic solution to Chemotherapy and Genome sequencingare all nothing but
applications of Chemistry. Injectingcows, buffaloes, goat and sheep withbovinesome
towropeIncreases milk-productionbut it is indiscriminatelybeingused by sportspersons
to un-ethicallyenhance performance.

17.  Most beauty products are produced through
chemical synthesis to clean, nurture and
protect skins.
 Soaps detergents sunscreens shampoos etc.
are all made of chemicals.

18.  The famousgreenrevolution to increase agricultural
produce so as to ensure food securitywas triggered by
the advent of inorganic fertilizers. Since then fertilizers
are extensivelyused by farmersto restore the fertilityof
soilin the fields. Pesticides are used to protect the crop
duringfarming and preservethe grains frompests,
rats and miceduringstorage.Geneticallymodified
seeds whichare usedto enhance production and earn
profitsthroughexport of food grainsare agricultural
applications of Bio-chemistry. Whereasrefrigeration
system for coldstorageof vegetables and rawmeat uses
PolyUrethanes Foam(PUF) and the chemical
properties of gases,the preservatives in packagedfood
products are known to have adverse impact on our
body.

19. • From cloth mills, lather
factories, petro-chemical
industries and refineries to
metal industries- all use
numerous fuels for power
generation and chemical
products for processing their
product and improve the
equality and simultaneously
produce pollution. Now-a-
days chemical effluent
treatment plants use
chemicals to control or
neutralist he hazardous
impact of pollutants produced
by the industries. Aviation
and shipping industries
generate power through
power plants which burn
fuels. Petrol and diesel emit
out green house gases
dangerous for the survival on
earth which damage the
ozone layer that protects us
from UV rays. As a result
global warming has taken
place which is a destroyer of
the planet earth. But again
Chemistry paves the way with
bio-fuels.

20.  Chemistry explains how food changes as we cook it, how it rots, how topreserve food, how ourbody uses the
food eats, and how ingredients interact tomake food.
 Ourfood is nottasty without salt. Salt is the essential one forus. That salt is also a chemical compound only.
Sodium Chloride has an international standard that is created byASTM International. The standard is named
ASTM E534-13 andit is the standardtest methods for chemical analysis ofsodium chloride. These methods listed
provide procedures for analyzing sodium chloride todetermine if it is suitable forits intended use and
application.

21.  Part of the importance of chemistry is it explains how cleaning works. we
use chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry,
yourself, and your home. we use chemistry when use bleaches and
disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? That's
chemistry!

22. • It is very need to understand basic chemistry so
that we can understand how vitamins,
supplements, and drugs can help or harm us. Part
of the importance’s of chemistry lies in developing
and testing new medical treatments and
medicines.

23. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
 Chemistryisat the heartof environmentalissues.Whatmakesonechemicala nutrientandanother
chemicala pollutant?Howwe cancleanupthe environment?Whatprocessescanproducethethingsour
needwithoutharmingtheenvironment?We'reallchemists.Weusechemicalseverydayandperform
chemicalreactionswithoutthinkingmuchaboutthem.Chemistryisimportantbecauseeverythingyou do
ischemistry!Evenourbodyis madeof chemicals.Chemicalreactionsoccurwhenwe breathe,eat,or justsit
therereading.Allmatterismadeof chemicals, so theimportanceof chemistryisthatit'sthestudyof
everything.