Realidades 1 Textbook Chapter 2 notes for grammar Spanish Beginning Lesson in grammar High School level

1. SPANISH I
CHAPTER 2 GRAMMAR
Mr. Saucedo
Young Men’s College Prep

2. PUNTOS ESENCIALES
1. SUBJECT PRONOUNS
2. PRESENT TENSE OF –AR VERBS
3. THE VERB ESTAR
4. PLURAL OF NOUNS AND ARTICLES

3. SUBJECT PRONOUNS
The subject pronouns in Ensligh are: I, you, he, she, we, they.
In Spanish:
Singular plural
Yo Nosotros /
nosotras
Tú / Usted
Vosotros /
Vosotras /
Ustedes
Él / Ella Ellos / Ellas
• Use tú with family or Friends –
informal setting
• Use usted with adults – formal setting
• Tú + tú = vosotros
• Usted + Usted = Ustedes
• Usted + tú = Ustedes

4. SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Practice
?What subject pronouns would you use to talk about these people?
1. Your friend Carlos 2. María and Sarah. 3. El Sr.
Treviño.
4. Felipe y yo. 5. Pablo, Tomás y Anita. 6. Tú y
Esteban.
7. La secretaria 8. Miguel. 9. Tú y José. 10. Yo y mi madre.

5. THE PRESENT TENSE OF –AR
VERBS
You already know that the infinitive forms of Spanish verbs always
end in ar, er, ir.
To create the forms of –ar verbs, you first drop the –ar from the
infinitive leaving the stem of the verb, then you add the following
enSdINinGgUsL.AR
PRONOUN
ENDING PLURAL
PRONOUN
ENDING
Yo O Nosotros AMOS
Tú AS Vosotros ÁIS
Él – Ella
Usted
A Ustedes
Ellos /
Ellas
AN
The verb endings always
indicate who is doing the
action. They tell you who is
speaking. Because of this, you
can often use the verb without
a subject.
Example:
Hablo inglés - Practico
deportes.

6. PRESENT TENSE OF –AR VERBS
Práctica auditiva
You will hear eight –ar verbs. If the
ending tells you one person is
performing the action, raise one
hand. If the ending tells you more
tan one person is doing
something, raise both hands.

7. -AR VERBS
ACTIVIDAD - HABLAR
Look at the pictures and tell
what these people are
studying.
1. Laura
2. Josefina, Elena y yo.
3. Tú
4. Catalina y José
5. Joaquín y tú.
6. Yo

8. THE VERB ¨ESTAR¨
The verb ESTAR does not follow the regular –ar conjugation endings.
It´s an iregular verb. It has the following conjugations.
SINGULAR
PRONOUNS
PLURAL PRONOUNS
ESTOY ESTAMOS
ESTÁS ESTÁIS
ESTÁ ESTÁN

9. ACTIVIDAD WITH ´ESTAR´
¿En qué clase están? Give the correct forms of
estar as you tell what
class each person is in.
1. YO
2. Nosotros
3. Ella
4. Los profesores
5. Tú
2. La profesora

10. THE PLURAL OF NOUNS AND
ARTICLES
To make nouns plural, you
usually add –s to words
ending in a vowel and –es
to words ending in a
consonant.
Ex: Silla – Sillas
Cartel – Carteles.
Singular nouns that end in
Z, change the Z to C in the
plural form.
Ex: El lápiz – Los
lápices.
The plural of the indefinite and
definite articles are as follow:
SINGULAR PLURAL
EL LOS
LA LAS
UN UNOS
UNA UNAS

11. ACTIVIDAD: PLURALS
Write the plural forms of the articles and nouns
below.
1. El cuaderno ____________________ 2. La papelera
_____________________
3. Una clase _____________________ 4. El profesor
______________________
5. Un escritorio ____________________ 6. La bandera
______________________
7. Una mochila ____________________ 8. Un pupitre
_______________________

12. HOMEWORK
DO THE FOLLOWING PAGES ON THE ELECTRONIC WORKBOOK
Pages: 35, 36, 37
Pages: 44, 45, 46.