1. Language
Unified
• Common spoken lingua
franca-Mandarin
• Common writing scriptsimplified characters
• Common terminologies, e.g.
ideology, politics, etc.
Diverse
• Different dialect groups
• Different writing scripts, .e.g
H.K. & Macau vs. Mainland
大陆/大陸
• Different terminologies, e.g.
Jiang vs. He 江/河,
fuwuyuan vs. xiaojie 服务员
/小姐
2. Culture
Unified
• Common philosophiesBuddhism, Taoism and
Confucianism
• Common religionsBuddhism, Taoism and
Confucianism
• Common customs and
festivals- Spring Festival,
Qing Ming, Mid-Autumn,
etc.
Diverse
• Different interpretations of
philosophies- More
philosophical or religious?
Han Buddhism vs. Tibetan
Buddhism
• Various forms of religionsDeity and ancestral worship
• Different ways of
celebrating festivals and
practices- Compare rituals
and practices.
3. Living Habits
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•
Unified
Family as the main unit of
society.
Frugality as a virtue
Pragmatism
Staying rooted to
homeland/hometown
(luoyeguigen 落叶归根)
Diverse
• Different eating habitscompare culinary styles
• Different interpretations to
the idea of staying rooted to
homeland/hometown
• Different ways of behavior,
based on climate and
geography.
6. Daoism’s Influence
• Daoism- Focuses on extending life
• Health and diet,
• Explains relationship between nature and
man,
• Shaping religious rituals and beliefs;
• Shaping the appreciation for the arts
7. Definition of Modernization
• Globalization-Integration of China into the
global community;
• Urbanization-Improvement of China’s
infrastructure and living conditions;
• Economic reforms-Improves China’s economic
conditions from a traditional agrarian
economy to tertiary sectors;
• Influx of foreign ideas-Reception of foreign
ideas, especially from the West.
9. Impact of Modernization
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On the Chinese economy:
China’s economy in the world;
China’s domestic economy;
China’s economic relations with other
countries;
• Environmental management.
10. Impact of Modernization
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•
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On governance and legitimacy:
Methods of governance;
Socio-political stability;
CCP’s position as the sole ruling party;
Various political institutions in China;
11. Impact of Modernization
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•
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On China’s diplomacy:
Rationale of China’s foreign policies;
China’s relations with other countries;
China’s status in the global community;
China’s roles and functions in the world today.
12. Women in China
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Traditional roles and status of women:
Housekeeper;
Child-bearer;
Submissive to male members of the family;
Under-privileged group in society
13. Women in China
•
•
•
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Change in role of women:
More privileges given;
Breadwinner of the family;
Taking on more important socio-economicpolitical roles;
• No longer the submissive gender.
14. Women in China
• What remains:
• Taking on multiple roles;
• Still discriminated against in family and
society;
• Abuses against women remain high;
• Social values still prejudiced against women;
15. Ethnic Minorities in China
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•
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Grievances:
Social and economic discrimination;
Low autonomy in minorities-dominated areas;
Political distrust;
Cultural misconceptions;
Socio-cultural infringements.
16. Ethnic Minorities in China
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Reasons or Factors that give rise to grievances:
Cultural and Religious differences;
Geographical vastness;
Uneven economic development;
Different social norms
Historical differences and animosities.
17. Ethnic Minorities in China
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•
•
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Policies to appease or resolve ethnic conflicts:
Economic Policies;
Cultural-Religious Policies;
Social Policies;
Political Initiatives.
18. Ethnic Minorities in China
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•
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Effective
Increased affluence;
Better standard-of-living;
Better infrastructure;
Better social status;
Promotes cross-cultural
understanding.
Ineffective
• More misunderstanding and
conflicts;
• Widening economic gap;
• Increased exploitations.
