Exporting Anti-Gay Ideology

Exporting Anti-Gay Ideology
Exporting Ideology A series of events have been set in motion globally to thwart the progress of one
of the most consequential cultural shifts in human history. The gay rights movement, particularly in
the Western World, has made progress at an exponential rate and has remained a contentious source
of argument in the contemporary social and political landscape. Although significant strides have
been made, right–wing religious groups have taken ideologically charged action both legislatively
and rhetorically. In a collection of Eastern European and African countries, anti–gay legislation and
sentiment has garnered support from regional governmental factions and right–wing religious
coalitions. The force driving these anti–gay initiatives are not at the behest of the citizenry of each
respective region, but by American forces that until recently have been working in the shadows in
their proxy war against the gay rights movement. American evangelical groups have been operating
with collaborators abroad in order to preserve their notion of natural and traditional values. Most
notably, a series of anti–gay propaganda and anti–gay adoption laws have been enacted in Russia by
national legislators and American activists. The American right–wing evangelical coalition has had
tremendous influence on the Russian anti–gay movement legislatively and politically over the
course of the last decade. The goals of these American activists have not spawned out of the ether,
but are eerily
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The Role Of Metropolitan Filaret 's Divine Context And...
The influence of Metropolitan Filaret's divine context and ambiguity are evident in the document. In
speaking to the unity of God and tsar, Metropolitan Filaret makes the connection very clear. He
wrote, "We thus became convinced that the problem of improving the condition of serfs was a
sacred inheritance bequeathed to Us by Our predecessors, a mission which, in the course of events,
Divine Providence has called upon Us to fulfill." The focus is that the time for emancipation is now,
whereas it had not been time before, and that the tsar is fulfilling the will of God. While there is
some discussion of the specific terms of emancipation such as the temporary obligation the peasants
still had to the lords and a vague hint of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to being able to read scripture themselves, peasants also could read church liturgy and
practices, which created questions and enabled peasants to see how insufficient their parish priest
was. Peasants began sending petitions and grievances to local and national church offices; they
wanted increased authority over their own parishes, something the Orthodox Church did not want to
give. The Russian Orthodox Church viewed this increased interest among the peasantry very
negatively. The Church "often interpreted peasant activism as a negative consequence of secular
enlightenment that ultimately would harm the Orthodox faith through the dilution of its traditional
hierarchical principles." Thus, the church became increasingly reactionary and isolated itself further
from the peasantry–interacting even less and trying to distance the peasantry from doctrine and
liturgy. The Church saw peasant interest as directly undermining their power instead of a
development of a more devoted populous. This led to the paradox of a weakening political and
culture power of the Church while simultaneously the peasantry became increasingly devoted to
"localized religious practice." The gap widened even further between the Church and the peasantry
due to the Church's fear and mistrust of the peasantry. As the Church distanced themselves from the
peasantry in relational and spiritual realms, it also tried to reassert its control over the peasantry,
primarily through

Essay on The Influence of Christianity on Ancient and...
The Influence of Christianity on Ancient and Modern Greece
Problems with format
?From the earliest establishment of Christian churches in Macedonia, Achaia, Epirus, and Crete, to
the expansion of the Orthodox Church, Greece has been a formidable landmark for development of
Christianity throughout the world.? From its arrival to Greece with the first preaching of Paul, the
Christian faith has undergone a unique assimilation into the cultural and philosophical traditions of
the Greek people to create a church, visibly distinguishable from all other sects and denominations
of Christianity.? Christianity has certainly influenced the nation of Greece.? However, it is safe to
say that Greek culture has also had a notable effect on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Throughout the centuries, it has been largely dedicated to ?seeking to come to as careful a
comprehension as possible of the mysteries of the Christian faith.?[1]? Following Greece?s
philosophical roots, it is not hard to see why Greeks put so much emphasis on doctrine.? Socrates
introduced human logic as a sufficient means of examining human nature, as opposed to the
superstitious beliefs of less ?enlightened? societies.? The systems of Plato and Aristotle laid the
groundwork for doctrinal proofs through scientific theology.[2]? Indeed, the Greeks prided
themselves on a clarity of mind which the rest of the world had yet to achieve.? By coming to the
height of human potential for reason and sophistication without the aid of Christianity, the Greeks
were in a sense prepared to incorporate their progress into the truths of religion.
This philosophy would not only be a bridge to faith for the Greeks, but a recurring tool, used to
define and refine Christian doctrine.? Doctrinal attention was especially prominent during the time
of the seven ecumenical councils, between the fourth and early ninth centuries.? It was here that the
Church examined the nature of the Trinity, the person of Christ, and made conclusions about the
controversy of icons used in worship.? The councils made logic–based conclusions, while
attempting to uphold the

Research Paper 1
* Research Paper 1: The first paper is due by Monday, April 9, 11:59 p.m. You MAY use sources
outside of the Liberty Search Engine (and are encouraged to do so). Also you may use scholarly
books and not just journal articles. You should avoid using generic websites that do not appear
scholarly in nature. A good rule of thumb is that if a website does not have an author, it is not a good
source. Good online material has also usually been published in print at some point. Google Scholar
and JSTOR are great places to search, as well as the online encyclopedias I've shown you. Always
feel free to send me an email if you have questions about sources or formatting. You are to write a
5–page research paper (12 point, double spaced, Time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kate Turabian's citation style (see her book, A Manual for Writers) is made up of in– text numbers
which correspond to a number at the bottom of the page (footnotes). The required bibliographic
information about the work you are quoting and/or taking ideas from is written next to the footnote
number at the bottom of the page. Then, at the very end of the paper, the bibliography page
summarizes all of the bibliographic information used throughout the entire paper. Turabian is the
standard citation style for religion and history courses at most American colleges, including LUO.
LUO has provided a very helpful Turabian guide, including the proper way to record various types
of sources. Pay attention specifically to the sections on Footnotes and Bibliography:
http://www.liberty.edu/media/2030/Turabian%20Formatting%20Guide.pdf Example Paper: For
further assistance, an example Turabian paper can be found here:
http://www.liberty.edu/media/2030/Turabian%20Sample%20Paper.pdf For this course you will not
need a table of contents page for your paper since it will only be 5 pages. I would highly recommend
reviewing the example paper as it will help you see how the Turabian guide should be used in a "real
world" situation If you have any questions about formatting, please email me. What I'm looking for
with the Turabian formatting is that you make a solid effort to follow the format and document your
work consistently

Roman Catholic Church vs Eastern Orthodox Church Essay
Before the split of 1054, the Roman Catholic Church or Western church and the Eastern Orthodox
Church or Byzantine church were almost one with each other. The two churches held the same
ideals and got along with one another the majority of the time. They had previous splits in the past
but they were never a permanent situation because they usually found a solution to their issues and
differences. The split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in
1054 seemed to have no resolution when their theological, political, and cultural differences became
too much for them to harmonize upon. Although the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern
Orthodox Church ultimately had more differences which ended up causing their ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The theological differences were some of the biggest reason why the Roman Catholic and Eastern
Orthodox churches split. The Eastern churches had theological roots in Greek philosophy and the
Western churches had theologies that constructed on their Roman law ("Schism of 1054", 2014,
para. 3). A strong issue that the two churches had was the theological proposition of the placement
and addition of "the Son" to the Roman creed. The Roman churches included the "Father and the
Son" in the Nicene creed without consulting the Eastern church while the Eastern church only used
the Father. The Orthodox Church believe it should have been written with "the Father" proceeded by
the Holy Spirit. Besides theological differences between the two churches there were also political
and cultural controversies. Before the split the Western church had begun to push for the
solidification of papal authority. The push for papal authority would cause the churches to become
more autocratic and centralized (Dennis, The East–West Schism, para. 10). This push had taken a
damper on the entire church and the hostility began to grow. "Problems arose in Southern Italy (then
under Byzantine rule) in the 1040s, when Norman warriors conquered the region and replaced
Greek [Eastern] bishops with Latin [Western] ones" (Dennis, para. 5). After Cerularius was
informed that the Normans were forbidding Greek customs in southern

Historical Context Of Paul Vi 's Decree On Ecumenism
Historical Context
When Pope Paul VI published The Decree on Ecumenism: Unitatis Redintergratio in 1964, it
signalled the Catholic Church's official entrance into the Christian ecumenical movement.
Historically, the ecumenical movement began when the World Missionary Conference first
convened in 1910, establishing two ecumenical organs: Life and Works, and Faith and Order
(Textbook). Prior to the promulgation of Unitatis Redintergratio, the Catholic Church's view of the
ecumenical movement was defined by Paul VI's predecessors Leo XIII and Pius XI, who insisted
that the Catholic Church is the only Church of Christ, therefore barring Catholics from participating
in interchurch dialogue (Textbook). These sentiments forbade ecumenical ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The decree identifies that there are doctrinal differences between Protestant communities and the
Catholic Church. However, despite these doctrinal differences the sacrament of baptism ensures that
Protestants are members of Christ's body (UR 3). As members of Christ's body, the Protestants are
privy to salvation as Children of the Catholic Church (UR 3). Chapter one concludes that members
of the Catholic Church should pray and stay informed about their Protestant brethren in order to
promote Christian unity (UR 4). Chapter two explains that the ecumenical unity is the concern of the
whole Church, the congregation and clergy, which is manifested by the bond all Christians share
with Christ (UR 5). Chapter two continues to clarify that Christian unity is dependent on the moral
reformation of Catholics, to ensure its faithful live according to Church's moral teachings (UR 6).
Unitatis Redingratio insists that Catholics strive for a deeper knowledge of their Christian brethren
in hope that the dialogue between Christian communities can remove the obstacles hindering
Christian unity (UR 7–12). The final chapter of the decree focuses on the division between the
Roman Church and the Churches/ ecclesial communities of the East and West. Regarding the
Church in the East, Unitatis Redintergratio explains that the Catholic Church enjoys a special
relationship with the Orthodox Church, due to their shared apostolic foundation (UR 14). Unitatis

Joseph Stalin And Vladimir Putin
Over the last century, Russia has been led by two of its most dominant and imperious leaders:
Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Putin. Although similar in several ways, these two leaders have many
differences as well.
Joseph Stalin was an imperious and domineering dictator of Russia from 1929 to 1953. Following
Lenin's death, Stalin moved up in the ranks in the communist party, outflanked his fellow party men,
and subsequently seized leadership of the Soviet Union. He then established a totalitarian
communist system of government and utilized terror tactics in order to ensure that his laws were
followed while his rule remained unchallenged. Stalin employed secret police to spy on citizens and
urged citizens to spy on each other. Additionally, he enforced freedomless press and speech;
violators of his laws were sent to Gulags, labor camps .
After promises to build Russia into a strong market economy and to end corruption, Vladimir Putin
was elected as president of Russia in 2000, was re–elected in 2004, and was re–elected once again in
2012 . However, there is much skepticism about the legitimacy and impartiality of the 2004 and
2012 elections. Experts state that "Getting the necessary fifty percent to avoid a runoff would have
been impossible without rigging the elections."
From a young age, Stalin was reared to be devout in the Greek Orthodox Church in accord with his
parents' wish for him to become a priest; however, in the typical iconoclastic manner, when he ruled
over

Religious Site Report : The Holy Trinity Church
RELIGIOUS SITE REPORT:
HOLY TRINITY CHURCH
BY BOWEN CHAN
MAY 18 2016
PROFESSOR ANTONY ANTOKIN
I went to the Holy Trinity Eastern Orthodox Church in San Francisco. They established in December
1857 in San Francisco then later incorporated into Greek Russian Slavonian belief. During the late
1880s, the population of the church exponentially increased, when Greek Immigration exploded and
the church was firmly confirmed as the place for dedicated worship to the Greek Orthodox faith.
After developing in community and belief, construction of the actual church only began in 1903,
when they officially became the Greek Orthodox Church in San Francisco.
The Eastern Orthodox Faith becoming the second largest is branch of Christianity that teaches what
apostolic practices orientating from the original faith of the apostles. Eastern Orthodox teaching
teaches that all bishops are equal but worships the Holy Synod instead, dividing it from the roman
catholic faith. The church traces it origins from Greece, Easter Europe, and Russia but has
developed modernly in many parts if the world including San Francisco. The church doesn't have a
patriarch, a pope, nor does it believes in the Bible but doesn't believe the Holy trinity. God is our
father, Christ is the son, our mother is holy Christ and our lord is the Holy Spirit.
During the service I attended, services in the church and involve both the clergy and faithfuls and
cannot be conducted with a single person. I was

Essay On Holy Trinity Cathedral
Holy Trinity Cathedral
On March the 6th ,2016, I visited the Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral church in San Francisco. The
site is located in a convenient neighborhood one block south Union St at 1530 Green St. This
Orthodox Church is the oldest Orthodox parish in town, and it is one of the few parishes in northern
California with such a unique shape. The church was designed to show the Russian unique architect,
and its outstanding shape connected to Moscow patriarch. Even though it is a small church, but it
looks stunning where it's placed right in the corner with a two sides street view.
What religious tradition the site is a part of The contemporary Orthodox Church historically
connects to the earliest Christian communities founded in the eastern part of the Mediterranean by
Jesus. The fundamental core ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The whole worship is highly liturgical as well as iconographic, both of which are central to the
church's life, history, and practice. The iconic, that include depictions of Jesus, Mary the Virgin,
biblical scenes, and saints, are believed to create an atmosphere where God is present. Strongly the
Eastern Orthodoxy doctrinal places great authority in the Bible, the Creeds, and the seven
ecumenical councils. The Russian Orthodox reflects not only its Orthodox heritage, but also the
culture of its native land. In fact, it also reflects the most central belief in all Christianity is the
doctrine of resurrection. People who follow the Orthodox Church believe that Jesus Christ was
crucified and died, then afterward descended into Hell and returned three days later, fully human
and divine. He as well brought with him the promise of salvation and spiritual immortality, which he
gave to every human being. In the Orthodoxy faith all the religious beliefs are connected directly or
indirectly to that core

Christianity : The Spread Of Christianity In The World
Christianity is a major religion. It is one of the largest religions in the world. There is more than two
billion believers in Christianity. The teaching of this religion is based on the life and teachings of
Jesus Christ. The spread of Christianity has lead to a lot of changes throughout the history. The core
principles of this religion have become the major pillars of human life in most parts of the world.
Christians use the Bible as the main guide of their teachings.
Christianity was a religion that started almost 2000 years ago in Judea. In the early times, Jesus was
classified as a Jew. He taught and did numerous miracles during his time, wandering to different
places to solve people's physical and spiritual needs.. He challenged people to repent from their
self– righteousness and hypocrisy. He rubbed the rulers the wrong way when he openly discredited
their religious hypocrisy. Jesus wanted his people to realize that the Kingdom of God is about
serving and loving everyone. A group of 12 disciples began to follow Jesus and they started calling
him their teacher. Jesus started to teach the disciples about the will of God, and what the purpose of
the "New Covenant" meant. The "New Covenant" purpose is to restore those who accept it into a
renewed fellowship of forgiveness and love with God. He was crucified to pay for everyone's sin. In
three days, he rose. In the bible it states, "For God loved the world, that he gave his only begotten
Son, that whosoever believeth in

The Role Of Images Within The Context Of Byzantine Art
Our culture today is deeply based on visual perception which shows the fascination humanity has
with the power of images. This paper intends to discuss the use and importance of images within the
context of Byzantine art. The works of art produced in the service of the Eastern Orthodox Church,
which are still employed today, show a remarkable synthesis of beliefs, theology and aesthetics of
the Byzantine culture. The majesty of the images emphasize the Glory of God and the spiritual
realities of the Christian faith. The images were intended to educated and provide contemplation of
the invisible realm of the spirit. Byzantine aesthetics, therefore, is thoroughly in the service of
theology. In today 's world artistic works provide an enigma to the viewer, for the emphasis on the
total freedom of expression of the artist has led to a confusion as to the meaning and function of art.
Many works of art today adhere to an almost 'anything goes ' type of attitude to the extent of even
dismissing the expression of the art itself.
Byzantine art was almost entirely about religious expression with most of what was produced being
controlled tightly by church theology. This control is one reason why most works are uniform and
anonymous and not varied by personal expression. The church had a large power in what was
produced for the public eye. The art and architecture reflects differences between the Roman
Catholic religion which develops in the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern

Cultural Diversity of Russian Population
CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF RUSSIAN POPULATION 2 Cross cultural issues arise from
differences in values, behavior and thinking between
Americans and people from other countries. Misunderstandings frequently result from cultural
differences which lead to ineffective communication and implications for the healthcare system
(Kaakinen, Gedaly–Duff, Coehlo, & Harmon Hansen, 2010). In order to provide a culturally
competent care, a health care professional needs to know about the life ways of various cultures and
their values and meanings which govern behavior. Population trends within the United States are
increasingly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Russian people are very family oriented. Key word in Russian family life is 'dependent'. Both in
Russia and the United States, extended family members often live together relaying on each other
for financial and emotional support, child care, and completion of household tasks.
The male is generally the head of the family. Caring for children and all housework is a women's
Responsibility (Goscilo, & Holmgren, 2001). Elderly Russian persons are encouraged to stay
CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF RUAAIN POPULATION 4 with their families. They see a residential
care as the last option and assess other in–home support programs to prolong independence. Where
a residential placement happens, this is due to loss of family members rather than the preference of
the person. Leaving home and moving into any other community arrangement is the equivalent to
losing their independence. Russians are very demonstrative culture and commonly perceived as
being caring, kind and generous. Public physical contact is common among friends. With strangers
and new acquaintances Russians prefer to speak and work in public zone. When trust has been
established they express feelings freely with gestures, eye contact and compliments. The intimate
zone is reserved for spouse, children and healthcare professionals providing care. When
hospitalized,

Aquinas Religious Values
Saint Thomas Aquinas was born in 1225, Roccasecca, Kingdom on Sicily, and died on the 7th of
March 1274, Fossanova, Papal States at about 48 to 49 years of age. He was a Catholic Priest and
was known as the 'Doctor of the Church'. He was thought to be the church's best out of all its
philosophers and theologians. Pope Benedict XV stated that this Order had obtained a new light
when the church had declared the teachings of Saint Thomas, with the special praises of the Pope, to
be the master and patron of the Catholic schools.
There is nothing on this earth more to be prized than true friendship
This quote could inspire Aquinas College students to get to know more people in their community
and to get along with everyone. It could also inspire students to be more aware of the environment
and elderly in the community, like Saint Thomas Aquinas did. This is what Jesus was trying to teach
us too, as it is stated in the bible many times. "This is My commandment, that you love one another,
just as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this, that one lay down his life for his friends."
(John 15:12 – 13)
My House Patron is Edmund Ignatius Rice. My house values are Courage and Compassion. Edmund
Rice used these values to help others that were less fortunate and to make people more aware of big
issues, like the lack of education most children had in those times.
To be Couragous and Compassionate to others like Saint Thomas Aquinas did.
Jacinta Gilligan – Yr 7
Edmund

Effects Of The Crusades On Western Civilizations
Stephanie Alfonso
April 27,2016
Humanities
Consequences of the Crusades The crusades were a series of religious wars that though they took
place centuries ago, they are still often discussed today. The crusades were a religious war between
the Christian and Muslim states that lasted years. "The Byzantine Empire, which had thrived spread
over the coastal areas of the Mediterranean...now found itself increasingly challenged by the navies
and pirates of Isla. The contest between these two sides were to generate seeds of the first Crusade"
(Paine 8–9). Some claim that the Crusades offered nothing but a negative impact to western
civilization, however, that may not be the case. On the contrary, the Crusades provided a positive
short–term and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This also cause the split between the Eastern and Western orthodox churches to deepen. Some
believe that one of the wars was based on some wanting to impose the authority of the Roman
church to the east, though this assumption has never been proven. The great schism divided
Christendom into Eastern orthodox churches and Roman catholic churches. The tension between the
split of these two types of churches was heightened then heightened by the pope and patriarch by
not allowing the Greek and Latin languages in their churches. "Both the Byzantine Orthodox church
and the Roman catholic church attempted to wipe out divergent practices and beliefs..." (Paine 12).
There was also tension over which church held more authority. The crusades however did not only
have short–term consequences, these wars also had a large long term consequences on development
of western civilization. Including long–term economic benefits, advancements in technology, and a
growth in urban culture. One of the long–term affects the crusades had on western civilization is the
economic benefits. As discussed in one of the previous paragraphs, western Europe benefited
economically of the crusades because of trade. This benefits the development of western civilization
because it opened the opportunity to have long distance trade. Many of these trades were able to
happen because of this accessibility to the Mediterranean allowing them to trade with the far east.
Allowing

Religion And Society : The Role Of Religion In Society
The role of religion in society is definitely an influential subject. As defined, religion is the beliefs
and worship of people's opinion concerning the existence, nature and celestial involvement in the
universe and life. The relationship between both religion and society is always changing. Religion
affects different societies in different ways and different forms. For many societies, religion is best
understood at a spiritual level. Some people believe that religion is neither good nor bad and they
simply believe it is irrelevant because there are many alternative ways to find meanings in ethical
ideals and lifestyles. In my perspective, I feel that religion should have a some role in society today,
but not too much.
Religions make people believe in the strangest things. In Manya Brachear Pashman's article, she
tells the readers that people have found droplets of fragrant oil on an icon of St.John the Baptist in
front of an Greek Orthodox Church in Homer Glen, Illinois. The congregation now believe that the
oil has healing properties and it's origins are a blessing from God. The parish priest of the church,
Rev. Sotirios "Sam" Dimitriou, " regularly extracts the oil into a pitcher, then saturates cotton balls,
which he seals in plastic bags for parishioners to take home and share with their loved ones."
(Pashman) This shows how holy people believe these "signs of God" are and how much it is valued.
Although I consider myself somewhat religious, I think this sounds kind of crazy. I do believe there
is a God, but I'm not sure if I buy that God is leaving droplets of oil to bless us. I do respect the
opinion's of others if they do believe. Bishop Demetrios, auxiliary bishop of Mokissos of the Greek
Orthodox Metropolis of Chicago, states that "We let the faithful believe it if they wish. ... If it brings
you closer to God that's wonderful. If it doesn't, it doesn't."(Pashman) I agree with his statement
because he doesn't bash people's beliefs and let the people decide if it does help with someone's
spiritual connection with God. I hope that society can think like he does. Nowadays, many people
are ridiculed for believing in something that some people might not realize is true. We all have to
learn to let

Social Message In The Sun Rising
Take me to church contains a strong social message that criticizes centralized religion and its desire
to oppress the true nature of men and women. In fact, Hozier defies the idea of the original sin and
argues that our sinful nature is what makes us human. He uses rhetorical devices such as apostrophe,
allusion and oxymoron in order to mock centralized religion and define human's sinful pleasures as
the pinnacles of our virtue.
Hozier demonstrates his humanistic point of view in the chorus, where he explicitly criticizes
centralized church and God himself. In order to express his anger, the speaker uses a rhetorical trope
called apostrophe. Since it takes strength to address a deity, the apostrophe serves to exhibit humans'
bravery and self–reliance. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first case, the narrator's lover speaks for the heavens, whereas Donne's mistress is beautiful
enough to blind the Sun. Thus, the two authors twist the roles of humans and deities. Sun is no
longer sun; a beautiful woman who had just been engaged in sexual ritual becomes the Sun.
Similarly, Hozier's speaker exalts his lover by calling her the new Goddess. The act of making love
functions as a way to express one's inner passion and turn away from the madness of life's routine.
In both poems, bed is the real church, not a religious structure: "Worship in the bedroom" (Hozier)
and "This bed thy center is" (Donne). In fact, "Worship in the bedroom" is an allusion to a biblical
teaching, but Hozier twists its meaning in order to advance the notion of sexual

My Student Choice Paper Will Be On Russian Culture
My student choice paper will be on Russian culture. This is a topic I chose because recently a person
I knew from Russia died due to a blood transfusion rejection. After this I did some research on the
Russian healthcare system I found that it lacks the funds, equipment and supplies that are needed to
deliver an acceptable level of care. Russian cultural beliefs such as folk medicine and the belief in a
strong nuclear family may interfere with the care a patient receives. Furthermore, government
corruption, international sanctions, and low oil prices are affecting the Russian economy. The
Russian culture is one that interests me, but I 'm doing this to see what can be done to help prevent
more deaths. Since 1992 the Russian population has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1237 Batu Khan launched an invasion into Kievan Rus '. Over the next three years the Mongols
destroyed almost all of the major cities. For the next century or so it was pretty quiet. Around the
14th century, the city of Moscow started growing in influence. To show the city 's importance the
patriarchate of Russian Orthodox Church moved to the city. In 1598, Boris Godunov was made Tsar.
Following this, invading armies from Poland led by people claiming to be Dmitre failed to take
Moscow. In June of 1812, Napoleon began his Russian invasion. An army of half a million started
the march to Moscow. The Russians knew they couldn 't take the army head on and decided to
mount a defensive campaign of strategic retreat, devastating the land as they fell back and harassing
the flanks of the French. By September the French army had been reduced by two thirds. When
Napoleon 's army arrived in Moscow on September the 14, they found it depopulated and void of
resources. That night buildings in Moscow caught fire leaving the French troops without shelter. By
the time the troops returned, only ten thousand men survived. This war ensured Russia 's status as a
power in Europe after Napoleon. In 1894 Nicholas II took the throne. He wasn 't the smartest leader,
and his ministers were almost all reactionaries. In 1905 the Japanese attacked Russia. Russia
suffered several defeats that dissolved any

The Church of the New Testament
The Church of the New Testament
There has never been and will never be a single universal religion. From the beginning of time
people have argued over who has the correct teachings, beliefs, and religious practices. However,
the Eastern Orthodox Church believes itself to be the one true religion as practiced in the New
Testament. Prior to 1054 AD, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism were branches of the same
religious body. In 1054 AD the first division of Christian faiths occurred. There had long been
conflicts between the two churches that included the nature of the Holy Spirit, iconic worship, the
celebrations of Easter, and cultural differences. Roman Catholicism separated itself from the Eastern
Orthodox and began its own ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believe that Christ is the Son of God and that he was born of a virgin named Mary. Because
Jesus was born to a human, he himself is fully human and fully divine; the Son of God and the Son
of Man. They believe that Jesus, in his human form, saved the world by teaching the absolute truth
of God. They understand that Jesus forgave the evils of all men and the world; he suffered and died
in innocence, voluntarily and unjustly on the cross in order to be with all who suffer and die.
This belief fits with the teachings from the book of Acts, that Jesus is the universal savior. A
continuation of the gospels of Luke, Acts remains an important book of the Bible in the sense that it
tells about the continuation of the teachings of Jesus passed on by his witnesses; essentially, the
retellings of Jesus' stories. These retellings allowed the Christian religion to spread worldwide. The
New Testament, in my belief, has the same impact as Acts. It retells the story about the life of our
savior Jesus Christ and his teachings according to the word of god. It is important for any member
of society who wants to practice and understand any Christian religion. I have never attended an
Orthodox church prior to this course, but I will be attending a service in the near future. I look
forward to seeing how the mystical nature of their faith fits in with the teachings of Jesus. While I
can see similarities between my faith and the Orthodox faith, I expect to

The Role Of Images Within The Context Of Byzantine Art
Our deeply visual culture today shows the fascination humanity has with the power of images. This
paper intends to discuss the use and importance of images within the context of Byzantine art. The
works produced in the service of the Eastern Orthodox Church still employed today, show a
remarkable synthesis of doctrine, theology and aesthetics. The rigid program of Church decoration
was meant as a didactic element to accompany the liturgy. The majesty of the images bespeaks of
the Glory of God and the spiritual realities of the Christian faith. The images were intended to
educated and provide contemplation of the invisible realm of the spirit. Byzantine aesthetics,
therefore, is thoroughly in the service of theology. In today 's world ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The development of the style of Byzantine Art was developed during the fifth and sixth centuries
were created for the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox preferred a somber reflected
tone to worship instead of the large congregational worship of the West. This focus is also reflected
in their art and architecture. The figures in their art appear flat and one dimensional with little use of
shadowing to give any life–like appearance. Figures are almost always from the front with somber
and solemn looks coming from starring eyes. Faces were long and narrow. In all, very little attempt
was made for realism in the painting and mosaic depictions. The art of this empire was more apt to
the symbolic meaning of art rather than the literal biblical meaning.
With this art interpretation came a conflict, the Iconoclasts controversy. In which the iconophiles,
the group of people lead by the monks who were in favor of the symbolic meaning, and the
iconoclasts or the group with the Emperor who insisted on the literal translation of biblical images
and the biblical ban against graven images. The iconoclastic controversy lasted from 726 AD, when
Emperor Leo III began an attack on the use of religious images, until 843 AD when the Empress
Theodora allowed their restoration (Martin).
Byzantine art grew from the art of Ancient Greece but with some significant differences. Since the
main purpose of Byzantine art was the glorification of God and his son, Jesus,

The Cultural And Religious Traditions Of The European...
In an eastern Mediterranean province, a group of pious individuals pray before the elaborate portrait
of a local saint and hero, hoping the image will bestow upon them some semblance of safety and
secure for them a good harvest and protection from the aggressive invaders who continue to threaten
their lands to the south. The individuals know little about the movement stirring in the large city to
the north, which seeks to remove the holy image to which they so ardently pray. From the west,
rumors of a new Creed have made their way to the town, but the grand political and historical
implications of this document are unknown the laity, who, illiterate, have never read the creed to
which their church adheres.
In such an environment, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though such controversies alone have many theological and religious implications, they can only be
truly understood in the political and historical context in which they arose.
Religious icons, or images, may include paintings, murals, portraits, or mosaics, which, in the
seventh through ninth centuries, commonly depicted Christ, the likeness of a saint, or a particular
scene from scripture. The dispute over the use of icons and religious imagery in the Church, and the
nature of this use amongst the laity, began in the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, in
the late seventh century, with the movement against icons, or the iconoclasm movement, reaching its
height in the mid ninth century. The use of Icons in Christian practice began in the Coptic Church in
Egypt, and spread throughout the Byzantium Empire, developing into a vital form of religious
education and communication for the laity throughout the East. Those who opposed religious
iconography, did so on the basis of scripture, as the practice of icon use was clearly condemned in
Old Testament text. As the use of every religious icon could not be explicitly regulated, it was
difficult for religious and imperial authorities to determine how such icons were used by the public.
Thus, as it was unknown whether the laity prayed before or to the icons in their community, all
religious icons were removed to prevent the risk of unorthodoxy and the potential practice of
idolatry (Brubaker et al., 2011).
The

A Russian Martyr, Ivan Vasilyevich Moiseyev
Dying at only twenty years old doesn't leave much space for someone to do something remarkable,
but for Ivan Moiseyev, it did. Moiseyev was born in 1952, and raised in a Christian home by his two
parents, Vasily Timofeyevich and Ionna Konstantinova, along with his six brothers and sister. In
1968 Ivan finished school at a young age of sixteen and went on to join the Evangelical Christian
Baptist Church (Neerskov, H.K.). In 1970, after about a year–and–a–half of joining the church,
Moiseyev gave his life to the Lord, and obtained a newfound love to preach the Gospel not only in
church, but to the young people of Volontirovka, his hometown. For quite some time, Ivan Moiseyev
had the job of a delivery driver. That is, until November 1970, when Moiseyev got drafted into the
Soviet Army for two years of training and service (Neerskov, H.K.). Since he became such a strong
Christian, Moiseyev was always trying to find a time and place to pray. Eventually, Moiseyev found
a room that stayed empty till ten A.M. Every day, Ivan woke up at five A.M. and went to that room
to pray until nine A.M. (A Russian Martyr, Ivan Vasilyevich Moiseyev). On one particular morning,
Ivan was running late and had to hurry to the morning call; everyone had been waiting for him, and
looking everywhere for him in addition. Ivan had to explain his reason for missing to the
commanding officer, who already knew Moiseyev's position as a believer, and informed Ivan that he
would have a punishment (A Russian

My Identity : My Most Important Aspects Of Greek Identity
Every day of my life, I wake up and I try to live out who I truly am. My everyday actions are
directly affected by several aspects of my identity. The most important aspect that I identify with is
my Greek heritage. I am of Greek descent and I value my culture, its religious beliefs, and its
traditions more than anything. I believe we all came from somewhere and should honor our
ancestors by cherishing our roots. My Papou Fotios (grandfather) traveled from a small island in
Greece to Ellis island so that he could give my father a better life. I would like to honor my
ancestors in the smallest way I can by continuing my family's Greek traditions and serving my
community. I live in the state of Nebraska and there are not a lot of Greek people around. To
promote my culture to the community of Omaha, the city in which I live, I have participated in
several Greek events. The event I look forward to most every year is my church's Greek Festival.
The festival creates an opportunity for me to serve my community as well as promote my culture to
an unrefined city. Months of preparation are necessary for such an event. When the time finally
comes, I get on stage with my fellow Greek friends, wearing my traditional Greek costume, to
perform traditional Greek dances for the audience. Many Nebraskans come to support this unique
opportunity to experience another culture. There is no better feeling in the world than to look out in
the crowd and feel as though you have shared a piece of yourself with complete strangers. Dancing
and cooking for my community is always a fun way to support my culture, but there is also a lot of
knowledge to teach within the church. To keep the tradition and faith alive, every Sunday I teach
bible study. I enjoy sharing my faith and knowledge with the younger kids; I realize how grateful I
am to have had this knowledge bestowed on me at a young age. I was inspired to start teaching
Sunday school after I had an enlightening faith experience in Greece. Throughout the trip, we visited
several holy landmarks. At one of the landmarks, the holy island of Tinos, we had to crawl up a huge
hill on our hands and knees until we reached the church. At first I was puzzled as to why we could

A Comparison Of Christianity And Christianity
We as homo sapiens refer to religion or beliefs as a way to cope with issues and a pathway to God.
Which is why their are numerous unique yet similar religions out there, such as; Judaism, Islam,
Hinduism, Buddhism and last but certainly not least Christianity. Each religion has quite the number
of followers, but Christianity has the most followers or believers. Christianity is practiced world
wide by 2.1 billion people, and are found most in the United States of America. They can also be
found in Indonesia, Central Asia or even in the Middle East.
The word " Christian " is actually Greek, which means followers of Christ. Christianity began with
the story of the Jesus of Nazareth. A prophet who is believed to be the son of God and his faithful
disciples 2000 years ago in Israel. It was during the Roman rule and Jesus Christ was a teacher. He
walked amongst the people and taught them about God and his new covenant, healed the sick and
tried to explain to them that sin would be the end of mankind. He caught the attention of plebeian
members, but rose suspicions amongst upper–class people and the religion leaders. They saw him as
treacherous because he was making changes to already placed Roman laws. They warned the
governor of him but despite the warnings, the roman governor, Pontius Pilate saw nothing wrong
with the man and wanted to let him roam free and do as he pleased. Pontius was weak, in the end, he
gave into peer pressure and sentence Jesus Christ to death. Gave him

Orthodox Christianity Research Paper
Being of Greek and Bulgarian descent, Orthodox Christianity has played a tremendous and positive
role in my life. We, as Greeks, are a proud and religious people; and are firm believers in God, the
Son of God, and the Virgin Mary and the Orthodox Saints. Through my theological education,
knowledge of history and personal experience, I have learned to conceptualize that Orthodox
Christians promote peace, harmony and unity among all mankind, condemning violence.
Those of the Orthodox faith believe that when Jesus created the Church nearly two thousand years
ago, He created only one church; hence, they (every Orthodox Church) are unified and viewed as a
single entity. (1) People of the Orthodox faith follow the Divine Liturgy, the Old Testament ... Show
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Orthodox Christians believe that God makes every human being free of sin; however, once that
human being is introduced into this world, they have the ability, to discern for themselves, using the
mind that God has given them, what is deemed right from wrong; and it is believed that every
individual has the freedom to make their own decisions and choose their own actions. It is at the
sole discretion of every one of God's children to choose the type of person they wish to portray in
this lifetime. Some of God's children may act with no remorse, nor guilt; while others may commit a
sin and feel remorseful and seek

Life Cycle Events In Greek Orthodoxy
Life Cycle Events of Greek Orthodoxy
College is a melting pot of many cultures from around the world. I am lucky enough to live with
someone who is comes from a very different religion than me: my roommate Lindsay Andrews.
While I come from a reformed Jewish family, hers is Greek Orthodox. I spoke to Lindsey about the
four major life cycle events of the Greek Orthodox Church, the first of which is birth. Between the
ages of three and nine months, Greek Orthodox infants are baptized. This means that the infant is
dipped in water, representing how Christ was also baptized. The ceremony takes place in the
cathedral, with family and church members present. The priest conducts the ceremony, and parents
and godparents of the child participate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, participants in the ceremony must be Greek Orthodox. There are also specific rules about
who can be godparents, as they are tasked with the spiritual upbringing of the infant. Other than
having to be pious members of the Greek Orthodoxy, they also cannot be minors, mentally
challenged persons, clergy, the biological parents of the child, or someone ignorant of the faith
(Wilson). The baby is dressed in a special outfit for the baptism. Lindsay said hers was long and
white (Andrews). At the ceremony, the child is also given a "baptismal name." If they already have
the name of a Greek saint (such as Paul), it remains the same. But if it is not, then they are given an
additional Greek Orthodox name. "For example," Lindsay said, "my name is Lindsay, which is
Scottish, and so my baptismal name is Nicoletta, which is based off my middle name Nicole"
(Andrews). After the ceremony there is a celebration, but it does not contain particular foods. In the
days following the

What Is My Big Fat Greek Wedding Essay
I. Introduction A. What's the movie My Big Fat Greek Wedding is a film released in 2002 under the
direction of Joel Zwick. It is a Canadian–American romantic comedy film written by and featuring
NiaVardalos. The film revolves around the life of Fotoula "Toula" Portokalos, a Greek–American
lady in the lower middle class who fell in love with a non–Greek upper middle class Ian Miller. It
was selected for nominations for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 75th Academy
Awards. It was an instant hit and the film turned out to be the highest–grossing romantic comedy of
all time, which with revenues up to $241 with 4 million in North America alone, regardless of not
once reaching number one at the box office during its showing dates. 1. What is the religious
element in movie Religious elements in this film include weddings, wedding ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It is about a Greek family surrounded by foreigners in a foreign island, and the challenge of
maintaining their culture in contradiction to the influence of these strangers. The course of the
movie is determined by how the approach of the characters affected each other, and how they
accomplished to respond. Eventually, the Greek family gave in to the marriage. However, later on in
the movie, it was revealed that the resilient impact of the Greek traditions were able to penetrate the
tradition of the Millers. Fotoula "Toula" Portokalos, is going through an early midlife crisis. At the
age of thirty, she is the unwed woman in her family who has been unsuccessful due to the fact that
her family supposes her to marry a Greek man, make Greek children, and feed all people until the
day she dies. Instead, Toula is trapped employed in a diner, "Dancing Zorba's", the family business
in Chicago. In contrast to her perfect sister, Athena, Toula is unfashionable and pessimistic. She is
worried that she is condemned to be stuck with her life as it

greek orthodox Essay
The Greek Orthodox Church is one of the three major branches of Christianity, which "stands
in today's society as one of the communities created by the apostles of Jesus in the region of the
eastern Mediterranean, and which spread by missionary activity throughout Eastern Europe"
.The word orthodox comes from Greek, this means right–believing. Currently, the orthodox religion
has more than 174 million followers throughout the world.
The Greek Orthodox church is autocephalous, which means governed by its own head bishop. The
head bishops of this autocephalous church may be called patriarch, metropolitan, or archbishop.
These clergymen are much like the Pope; they decide church doctrine and generally make important
decisions on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The doctrine of seven sacraments is accepted in the Greek Orthodox church, although no supreme
authority has ever limited the sacraments to that number. The central sacrament is the Eucharist; the
others are baptism, normally by immersion; confirmation, which follows baptism immediately in the
form of anointment with chrism; penance; Holy Orders; marriage; and anointment of the sick. The
Greek Orthodox church admits married men to the priesthood. Bishops, however, are elected from
among celibate or widowed clergy.
The Greek Orthodox religion differs for many other religions in that they express prayers and
worship with pictures. This central function of religious images, called icons, received its full
definition following the end of the iconoclastic movement in Byzantium (843). The iconoclasts were
looked upon as sacrilegious in that they resemble idols, which were prohibited in the old testament .
"The Orthodox theologians, on the other hand, based their arguments on the specifically
Christian doctrine of the incarnation: God is indeed invisible and indescribable in his essence, but
when the Son of God became man, he voluntarily assumed all the characteristics of created nature,
including describability"(Meyendorff 21).
Although there are many differences between the Eastern and Western Churches, there is always the
possibility of the two

The Struggle Between Roman Catholic And Eastern Orthodox...
Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Catholics once included a solitary Christian church with
two focuses of force, Rome and Constantinople. Known as the Great Schism, was the official split
between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Church. The Church split along doctrinal,
religious, phonetic, political, and geographic lines, and the central break as never been mended.
Though the Church split because of their differences, they still had some things that were similar.
The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox temples offer numerous center convictions with respect
to Jesus Christ, including his celestial and human instincts, his virginal conception, his passing and
resulting restoration, and his foreseen come back to earth. Both categories likewise perceive the
teachings communicated in the initial seven ecumenical boards. At the foundation of the Great
Schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox houses of worship was the routes in
which the thought of the Trinity was communicated. While the Eastern Orthodox Church stressed
the particular personhood of every individual from the Trinity, the Roman Catholic Church
accentuated the Trinity 's solidarity of pith. The houses of worship additionally contrasted on the
interminable virginity of Mary and additionally the way of unique sin. Both Roman Catholics and
the Eastern Orthodox Church comprehended God to exist in three structures, known as the Trinity.
God is three in one, the Father, the Son, and Holy Spirit.

Russia and the Underlying Causes of Homophobia
Russia and the Underlying Causes of Homophobia
Although homophobia exists in nearly all societies, Russia has recently gained notoriety for its
intolerance of homosexual behavior. In a world that is becoming more and more accepting and
tolerant of homosexuality, Russia seems to be moving backward when it comes to LGBTQ rights.
Understandably, Russia's tumultuous political past must be a strong contributor to today's attitudes
towards homosexuality. Under the Tsars, homosexuality was a crime punishable by imprisonment or
death, after Lenin came to power after the October Revolution, homosexuality was decriminalized
and homosexuals were allowed to hold office in the newly formed Soviet Union. However, as anti–
gay laws were enacted by Stalin, homosexuals were seen as a "danger to the state" and sent to
prisons and forgot about. After the glasnost, Yeltsin under pressure from the Council of Europe,
legalized homosexuality in 1993. But under Putin, homosexuals have been under fire due to a series
of anti–gay propaganda laws and an increasingly homophobic Russia society. This is due to the
increase of influence of the Russian Orthodox Church, the effect the media has on the populace as
controlled by the hegemony, and the use of homosexuality as a scapegoat of Russia's problems.
Although the use of religion as a weapon against LGBTQ people is not uncommon, it is one of the
primary reasons for the current hostile attitudes towards homosexuals. During the Communist Era,
the

The Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman...
The Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church
The Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church holds a great belief in the "word–picture" of the church
having believers in heaven as well as on earth, spanning time as well as space. The worship is
incredibly spiritual and mysterious and a huge amount of incense and candles contribute to this by
setting a frightfully heavenly aurora. Much belief relies on traditional methods of the church and
what ideas have been passed down through generations and are drawn also from the Holy
Scriptures. Both of these can be seen through the way the actual church as building is designed and
decorated.
The ceiling is a great dome, which is there to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The other panels show icons of saints form the Old and New Testament. The icon acts as a window
onto eternity and is intended as a medium of prayer for it isn't worshipped but venerated. This means
that it is treated with reverence because it points to the holy person or event depicted. These are in
turn images of God's power and many Orthodox homes have as icon corner, where lamps or candles
are lit and where the family goes for prayer. Other worshippers when in church devote themselves to
that saint or event alone for the duration of the service. The separation of the interior of the church is
alike the divide between heaven and earth in the way that once you are past the royal doors you are
within Gods presence.
Readings and sermons are preached from the pulpit for the voice is projected across the
congregation, which is usually standing due to the idea of no seats or pews in the Orthodox Church.
The high altar is Gods throne and the climax of orthodox worship is the Eucharist where the high
altar is used for the preparation of the bread and the wine that is taken to the communion table
through the royal doors during the uniting of heaven and earth.
The thurible's are used for the burning of incense and the lighting of candles is supposed to during
prayer arouse the senses and increase the level of holiness in the air throughout the

The Separation Of The Churches Of Eastern Orthodox And The...
What actually led to the separation of the churches of Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic?
What are the many differences between these two churches? While there are very few similarities in
these two churches: the Roman Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church, there are mostly
differences; however, taking a closer look at the split in 1054 will help determine this and will give
insight as to just what those similarities and differences are, how they came about, and what may
have caused the spilt to happen. So what actually led to the split? Between the two churches there
were several disputes that had to do with theological and political differences. For example, the
"Investiture Conflict, a clash that started between Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) and Emperor Henry
IV (1084–1105) over the investment of bishops with the symbols of their office." Who held what
office and ruled over whom, was the major dispute. The Roman Catholic pope claimed he held
authority over all. In the year 1054 everything was split from the stand points of theological and
hierarchical structures and it has not been the same since.
To begin, when it came to the theological similarities and differences there were definitely more
differences. First, the only similarity was the leadership that each one had. They had disputes over
everything else. Second, the church and the leaders in the Eastern Orthodox Church believed that all
popes were equal and there was no real focus or

Russian Orthodox Church In Animal Farm
The Russian Orthodox Church is full of mystery and has been around for many generations. Other
name for the Russian Orthodox Church is Eastern Orthodox Church, it's also known for being
autocephalous. The Russian Orthodox Church believes the bible to be the world of God, in other
words it is trinitarian. In the novel, Animal Farm the church is represented as " Moses" the raven.
Moses comes and goes and tells the animals about "Sugar Candy Mountain." The Russian Church
has been around since 1448, but the metropolitans of Kiev were the head of the church. The church
wants immunity from taxation in the 1270, while it was under the rule of Mogul. The community of
believers, which apostle Andrew founded is what makes up the Russian Church. The

St. Basil Summary
I attended the Greek Orthodox Archbishop Demetrios' lecture on "St. Basil's Nine Homilies on the
Creation of the Universe" on Thursday, April 20th. When I researched the Archbishop, I saw that he
has been integral throughout the past couple of decades in scholarly efforts to unify different sects of
Christianity through Scripture. His topic, St. Basil of Caesarea was a Greek bishop whose works and
ideas on Biblical doctrine are highly respected by Catholics, Protestant, and Orthodox Christians
alike. The lecture was primarily about these nine homilies that St. Basil gave that are generally
regarded as the first "Hexaemeron" (the genre of theology based in the six days of creation) and
their corresponding significance on how we view Christianity ... Show more content on
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As I had never heard an Orthodox Christian speaker before or really knew that much about their
beliefs, I now realize why there had to be disagreements and schisms between the two
denominations. While I don't share in his primary views on the story of creation, I do respect and am
surely grateful that St. Basil made a great amount of headway for Christianity at a time (his life
spanned 330 to 380 A.D.) when it had the latent potential to expand but was also coming under fire
from critics. Upon further research, I learned that St. Basil firmly believed in trinitarian divinity,
speaking out against both the Arians (who did not believe that Jesus was divine) and modalists (who
believe in one God that takes different forms in order in Jesus and the Holy Spirit). Ultimately, St.
Basil's goal in delivering the homilies was to illuminate the word to the grandeur of the creation and
to defend scripture that was going against the heretics of the day, both noble objectives. In this, as
we learned in class, St. Basil was an apologist, attempting to explain his faith to those who were not
as learned and hadn't or had previously shunned the word of

The World 's Second Largest World Economy
Question Two:
China has risen from the Third World status in 1979 to become the second largest world economy
behind only the United States. The Japanese economy was the world's second largest for decades
until it was surpassed by China in 2010, and it remains comfortably the world's third largest. South
Korea's economy, 15th largest in the world, is three quarter as large as Spain and 44 percent bigger
than turkey's. All three nations are important world trading nations (Moran, Abramson, & Moran,
2014). Both Japanese and Korea cultures have been significantly influenced by the diffusion of
Chinese culture. A critical factor distinguishing Asian cultures from that of other peoples is their
ancient philosophies and religions. Confucian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, in order to align with the change of the global world, it will be change to reasonable with
electronic communication. If I were responsible for a multicultural workforce with persons from
Japan are language and communication, time, values and standards, decision making and so on.
First, language and communication is complex, subtle, and predictable. Second, it is very important
to be on time, in Japan, most everything will run on time. Third, values and standards the dominant
Japanese ethos includes familial relationships, loyalty, conformity, and the collective good. Then
decision making is important too, the Japanese value decision by consensus, before action is taken,
much time is spent on defining the question. If I were responsible for human resource management
in an American/Chinese joint venture in China–training, some of difficulties I might face are China
is a culture that values harmony in interpersonal interactions, perceive conflict is easily interpreted
as loss of "face" or disrespectful. Chinese are not comfortable making recommendations or
suggestions publicly, understanding nonverbal signal is the key to work with Chinese people
(Moran, Abramson, & Moran, 2014).
Question

Explain Why Pope Urban Ll Called for a Crusade Essay
In 1095, at the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban ll made a powerful and well planned speech. His
message was clear and precise, 'go to the holy land in Jerusalem and claim back what is rightfully
yours or die trying, and in return remission of all your sins with the assurance of the imperishable
glory of the kingdom of heaven'. He was addressing Christians from all over France calling for a
'Crusade' in the name of God and as many would argue, abusing his authority and status he received
from the Catholic Church. What occurred during the First Crusade is well known to many, whereas
the reason behind Pope Urban ll calling the Crusade is a highly debated and contradicting issue.
One of the reasons which are occasionally cited for Urban's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, an additional reason for Urban's calling for a so called Crusade was that he felt 'the lands of
Christ needed to be reclaimed' and in the control of Christianity not in the hands of 'infidels'.
Jerusalem is at the centre of the Christian faith and is the religions birth place. It is the land in which
Jesus was crucified and then, as Christians believe, bought back to life in a miracle event. Urban
said in his speech, 'wrest that land from the wicked race, that land which the scripture says floweth
with milk and honey and was given by god to the children of Israel'. By these few words we can
understand why Urban felt so strongly that it the land of Christians and why he ordered for it to be
reclaimed, even if it mean death. At the time of Urban's speech Jerusalam was under the rule of
Muslim, who also have a strong attachment with the land as it is the place where the holy prophet
descended to heaven. Urban however believed that it belonged to the Christians and therefore
ordered it to be reclaimed in the 'name of god'.
Pope Urban ll called for a Crusade at the Council of Clermont to claim back what he believed
rightfully belonged to the Christians and unite the Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches. Through
the cover of Alexins plea for help

The For The Interethnic Church Experience
For the interethnic church experience, I went to St. George Serbian Orthodox Church in
Carmichaels, Pennsylvania. I attended with three of my friends Ashley, Cassandra, and Jennifer. My
friends came along in order to gain the experience from the church with me. We all had different
experiences, but we all felt glad that we went together and to the church. When planning to go to the
church, I read some articles on the proper etiquette of the church, and how to act in an Orthodox
church. The rules included sitting up straight or standing for the whole service as they do in other
parts of the world, and how to venerate an icon. I was nervous to do all these steps, because I did not
want to mess up or offend anybody. However, I practiced and tried to be prepared. Also, picking an
outfit was a struggle because I wanted to be very respectful to the culture. The church that I attend
when I am at home is very relaxed, and do not care if a person wears jeans to the service. They still
want the people in attendance to be respectful and modest, but besides that, people can wear
whatever the feel comfortable in. When preparing to attend this church however, I picked my outfit
carefully and hoped that I would be dressed up enough. When I arrived, I saw that I was and felt
more relaxed. I was also nervous about the language barrier, as I do not know Serbian. I did not
know if the whole service would be in Serbian or if only part of it would be in a foreign language. I
was excited to

Cultural Landscape Of House Of Worship
The cultural landscape of a house of worship reflect the beliefs and practices of a particular religion.
Houses of worship have similarities and differences which are evident in the landscape that are
reflective of their similarities and differences in beliefs. I found that of all the houses of worship we
visited on our field trip, St. Michael's Antiochian Orthodox Church and St. Martin of Tours Catholic
Church seemed to be strikingly similar yet different.
St. Michael's Antiochian Orthodox Church is an eastern orthodox church. While at the church I
noticed several aspects of the landscape. When I walked in I could smell the burning of incense, a
smell symbolistic of the way they worship. When you walked in the first thing you saw were
candles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The differences derive from theology. Both Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Catholics
understand God to exist in three forms, known as the Trinity. God is the Father, Son, and Holy
Spirit. The Father refers to God's role as the creator of the world. The Son refers to Jesus. Finally,
the Holy Spirit, they believe, enters people's souls during their daily lives. Another similarity is that
holding reverence for the saints plays a central role in the spiritual lives of Roman Catholics and
Eastern Orthodox Catholics. The physical representation of the saints tends to take different forms,
however. Roman Catholics usually use statutes to represent their saints, as evident in St. Martin of
Tours Catholic Church; meanwhile, Orthodox Catholics more often use paintings to represent their
saints, as evident at St. Michael's Antiochian Orthodox Church. Another difference between the two
is that for Roman Catholics there is a procedure for choosing officially sanctioned saints. This
process does not exist in the Orthodox community. The central doctrinal divide between the two
Christian churches concerns the Pope and his supremacy. Roman Catholics believe the Pope is the
living embodiment of Jesus. He is then, in their opinion, the head of the entire Christian religion.
Eastern Orthodox Catholics view the Pope as the head of Christianity in Rome, a geographical

Eastern Orthodox Churches: Similarities And Differences
The Eastern Orthodox Churches are a branch of Christianity from which many different church
groups stem. These churches began after the split of Christianity into the east and west sides. The
east side became the Eastern Orthodox Churches whereas the west side became the Catholic
churches. From the Eastern Orthodox church stems many different branches of Orthodox church,
such as the Greek Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church. The Greek Orthodox Church
was the first branch of the Orthodox churches. The services are primarily in Greek, the language the
New Testament was written in. The Russian Orthodox Church was a later branch of the Orthodox
churches where the services are primarily in Russian. While these are two separate churches, almost
every aspect of the two churches are the same. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While they have different branches, these branches represent the regions they originated from. For
example, the Greek Orthodox church originated in Greece, and the Russian Orthodox church
originated in Russia. Since it is one religion with many branches, the services follow the same
format. Another element of the orthodox churches is they consider every member of every branch to
be connected. In other words, a member of the Greek Orthodox church could attend a Russian
Orthodox church and be accepted as a member even though their true membership lies in a different
branch. The Orthodox churches are all inclusive, meaning they accept all members no matter the
branch they call their own. Although they are considered to be the same religion, there are small
differences between each church. These differences come from small things such as language or
customs. The Greek Orthodox church and the Russian Orthodox church would not have services in
the same languages. Due to the overarching Orthodox label, any Orthodox member would be able to
follow the service even when attending that of a different

Multiculturalism: Christian Orthodox Serbs in Balkans Essay
Multiculturalism: Christian Orthodox Serbs in Balkans
Being a part of a certain culture means having common ground with some other people. Most of the
time we are not even aware that we belong to a certain culture, but every human being belongs
somewhere, and not only to one group but to more of them. Our beliefs, customs, traditions, place of
birth, religion can determine our belonging to a group. Christianity itself is everywhere in the world
and even though long time ago it was one religion; branches of Christianity are countless today.
Three most important branches of Christianity are Catholicism, Protestantism and Orthodoxy even
though Orthodoxy is less known in western world. The main division of the church occurred in year
1054, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Serbian Orthodoxy has been through rough time fighting for survival in Balkans. During big
occupation times when Balkans were under the Ottoman Empire, religion succeeded to remain and
resist Turkish slavery along with forced, or free–will converting to Islam and accepting Islam as
their religion. Ottoman Empire converted a lot of people to Islam, and one of the reasons for Serb
intolerance towards Muslims is because they have abandoned their religion and converted. As I have
mentioned before, religion is part of our everyday life. Serbian Orthodox Church differs from other
Orthodox branches in several customs and traditions. In most of the Balkan cities, mostly in Serbia,
Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is at least one church or monastery where people go
regularly to pray and fulfill their Christian duties. War consequences and division of countries that
used to be Yugoslavia brought hatred among some people that do not belong to the same ethnical
group and religion became our way of recognizing our ethnicity. By someone's name or last name
you can know his religion. There are even neighborhoods where only Muslims, Serbs or Croats live.
For instance, in Bosnia and Herzegovina there are still some cities that are divided where people do
not cross virtually made boarders at all. One of the cities is Mostar where I went to high school.
There is exact street that divides Bosnian and Croatian side and I have met some people that never
stepped to the

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