Evolution Is A Complex Process By Which Organisms Change...

Evolution is a complex process by which organisms change...
Evolution is a complex process by which organisms change over time; it is a process in which traits
are passed from one generation to the next (Darwin and Beer 1996:108–139). Evolutionists have
tried to explain the loss of functions of different organs, for centuries. The two most prominent
scientists that studied evolution were Jean–Baptist Lamarck and Charles Darwin. Lamarck's theory
of inheritance of acquired characters and Darwin's variational evolution were the most important
theories that attempted to explain evolution before the discovery of genes during the beginning of
the twentieth century. Over two centuries, Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characters
has been the center of controversy. The loss of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His theory was simple, but the impact it had was immense. Darwin's theory can be summarized in
three words: "descent with modification" (Darwin 1996:127). He believed that the changes observed
in an organism are not the result of an external influence, but rather, changes that resulted from
random events. He proposed that beneficial changes for a given species could be passed through
generations and those that were deleterious could be eliminated. Darwin called his theory natural
selection (Mills 2004:93–103). From an evolutionary perspective, the human appendix is a
derivative of the caecum in our primate ancestors. The vestigiality of the human appendix can be
explained through Darwin's theory based on a beneficial change. The change triggered
morphological variations in the human appendix, decreasing its size through millions of years to a
mere rudiment as it is today (Mills 2004:105–109). If one considered that the human appendix is a
derivative of the primitive herbivorous caecum found in our primate ancestors, Darwin's theory
comes to light as the most accepted explanation of the loss in the functionality of the human
appendix. As our ancestors started incorporating meat to their diet, the function of the appendix was
less necessary and an unexpected beneficial change– in this case the lost of its function– was passed
on generation after generation. Darwin's theory of evolution is correct, but the missing explanation
in his work is the mechanism of inheritance of
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Inheritance Of Loss By Kiran Desai
Inheritance of loss, is a moving novel by Indian writer Kiran Desai, whereby we see the effect of
colonialism and post colonialism and the consequence that comes with it. Many critical themes are
explored, Leach lists them as "colonialism, a revolution, multi–ethnic nationhood and illegal
immigration in the US, where political allegiance impacts on love affairs, and where the reality of
life in a grubby New York basement reshapes the American Dream" (2007). Desai mentions many of
these historical events in her novel that give us and insight view as to what was happening on the
inside, within the people of India, as opposed to only seeing the surface and elections going on.
Desai looks at the younger generation as being mainly affected by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Judge has a flashback whereby he got rid of his wife for having mistakenly attended a political
rally which was in favor of Nehru. He was later informed that his wife had "partaken of scrambled
eggs and toast with top members of the Congress Party" (Desai, 310), even though it wasn't entirely
the way it happened, but the fact was that she was there, and the embarrassment which it would have
brought upon the commissioner was enough for the Judge to have lost his career at the time.
Consequently, he lost his temper and abused his wife for this unintentional action. It is quite ironic
that Desai has the Judge, Jemubhai Patel, ruling for the opposition, since in the history of India,
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, was an important figure in history, bring about unity and hope for the
country, working alongside with Mahatma Gandhi. In 1931 he was " presided over the 46th session
of the Indian National Congress" (Indian National

Brca1 Mode Of Inheritance
1) BRCA1 is a gene that produces tumor suppression proteins which play critical roles in DNA
repair, cell cycle checkpoint control, and maintenance of genomic stability. Inherited mutated
BRCA1 causes DNA damage to not be repaired properly and these cells can then form genetic
alterations leading to female breast cancer (Easton 1999). Breast cancer is a disease where
malignant cancer cells form in the tissue of the breast and invade surrounding tissues and spread.
2) The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominance. This trait is still being studied and many
believe that breast cancer from BRCA1 is a multifactorial form of inheritance.
3) There was a large race for the cloning of BRCA1 gene and the most common way of cloning
included: Miki

The Genetic Conditions of the Waardenburg Syndrome Essay
Waardenburg Syndrome is a group of genetic conditions that can lead to hearing loss and changes in
the color of hair, skin, and eyes (Genetics 2013). Cases of Waardenburg Syndrome are not very
common. There are different types of symptoms of the syndrome. Waardenburg Syndrome can be
inherited either on an autosomal dominant pattern or autosomal recessive pattern (Calendar 2013).
The ways of diagnosing Waardenburg Syndrome include certain tests to detect the disorder. While
Waardenburg Syndrome cannot be cured, treatments can be given to lessen the effects. Like other
diseases, Waardenburg Syndrome has certain symptoms, inheritance patterns, diagnosis and
treatments.
Waardenburg Syndrome affects a person's hearing, pigmentation, facial ... Show more content on
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Type III is known as Klein–Waardenburg syndrome and some of the symptoms are different than
type I or type II. Type III is also closely related to type I in the sense that they both have the same
inheritance pattern. Type IV is closely related to type II because they have the same inheritance
pattern (Calendar 2013). A symptom that only type IV has is Hirschsprung's disease, a disease that
affects the colon and causes constipation (Type two 2013). If Hirschsprung's is not treated correctly,
the result might be death.
Because there are different types of Waardenburg Syndrome, there are different types of inheritance
patterns. Types I and III have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern while types II and IV have
an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern (Calendar 2013). The most common type of inheritance
is the autosomal dominant inheritance (Type two 2013). An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern
means that the mutated gene (EDNRB, EDN3, MITF, SNAI2, PAX3 and SOX10) is in each cell to
cause Waardenburg Syndrome (Genetics 2013). In other words, only one parent has to have the copy
of the altered gene in order for someone to have the syndrome. An autosomal recessive inheritance
pattern means that the mutated gene has to come from both parents in order for a person to have
Waardenburg Syndrome (Calendar 2013). Even though both parents carry the mutated genes, they
don't usually show any signs or symptoms of Waardenburg Syndrome.
There are different ways

Themes In The Inheritance Of Loss
Human Deprivation
The title of the novel The Inheritance of Loss is very suitable as tells failures, disappoinments of the
real characters once lived in the post colonial India. The themes of loss, for in our world if mankind
has nothing else to take over, it can accept loss as its heritage, however, the matter is not as simple
or straight as it looks, the reason is that this novel is a highly intricate work which confronts several
themes extending from loss to poverty, gain, to wealth, justice to injustice.
The Inheritance of Loss is a political and historical novel, but the truth is that in spite of its political
and historical extents, it is a socio–cultural work of fiction. Desai pursues to redefine human culture,
the elements of love ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His life is totally different and he finds totally no interest in his career, and finding nothing but
despair and seeks early retirement from his job. Jemubhai hates his wife because she was
uneducated and dark in complexion and he sends his wife to her father's house. Later his wife
Lakshmi dies in a domestic accident and his position becomes strangely curious.
On the other he has to undergo a heart–breaking loss. He has to tolerate, the loss of power and
position to which he reconcile himself with plenty seriousness and concern. This loss of family
relationship is one of major issues in Indian society that Kiran Desai relates in this novel.
The Inheritance of Loss may be viewed as an anti–colonial novel which goes against the deprivation
of poor and weak people in all possible ways. The cook is so much involved in his son's career that
in spite of all problems and adversities he manages to send him to America for suitable employment.
Biju reaches New york and he makes a number of friends. Both Indians and Pakistanis, as well as
the other Asians, but he understands that all foreigners are exposed to racial

Clinical Features Of Leber 's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy...
Apeksha Nagar Module 1–Section 1 Genetics Assignment Dr. Wormington Leber's Hereditary Optic
Neuropathy Gene OMIM #535000 9/16/2016 Clinical Features Leber's Hereditary Optic
Neuropathy (LHON) is a disease caused by a point mutation in the mitochondrial genome, it is
maternally inherited and largely affects males of young ages.1 LHON presents acutely or subacutely
in affected individuals, the age of disease onset or vision loss is usually between the ages of 8 to 60
years.2 The onset of LHON involves the loss of central vision in affected individuals, sometimes
bilateral central vision loss.1 Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy can affect one eye first and can
gradually affect both eyes, there can be a total loss of vision or progressively over approximately 3.7
months.2 Among the mutations causing Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, mutation np 11778 or
LHON11778A is the most severe and common. 2According to The clinical characteristics of
pedigrees of Leber 's hereditary optic neuropathy with the 11778 mutation, by NJ Newman, affected
individuals with this particular mutation had visual acuities of 20/200 or poorer in approximately
98% of eyes screened in the study.2 Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy along with central vision
loss, has many other ocular manifestations such as, telangiectatic microangiopathy and disc
pseudoedema (optic disc swelling) .2 Primary mutations which cause Leber's

The Prophet Of Small Things By Jhumpa Lahiri
The four texts "The Namesake" by Jhumpa Lahiri, "The God of Small Things" by Arundhati Roy,
"The Kite Runner" by Khaled Hosseini and "The Inheritance of Loss" by Kiran Desai all share the
theme of a struggle for identity either though geographic, political or cultural displacement. Both
"The Namesake" and "The God of Small Things" are examples of post–colonial literature. Through
their themes and settings, they both show the repercussions of post–colonialism, cultural shift,
suppression, migration and fragmentation. Whilst the perspective of the two novels is different – on
from within India, and one outside India – they both capture the troubles of indigenous and non–
indigenous people and how they exist either willingly or reluctantly, with a fragmented identity. The
question of identity is pivotal to the children in both novels. The children in both novels diverge in a
multitude of ways such as their upbringing, education, family, culture, society, and language. With
all these differences though, they join at one particular point which is the questioning of their
identity. In "The God of Small Things," Estha and Rahel are indistinct Hindu/Christian hybrids
without their surname. In 'The Namesake' Gogol feels alienated by his name, because it is neither
Indian nor American but Russian. In both novels, the children experience a crisis of identity and
alienation. In "The God of Small Things" the children are unaware of the importance of their names
but in "The Namesake"

Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis Case Study
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare condition with reported prevalence of one in
750,000.1 It is associated with either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance.7,8
When several members are affected, this suggests an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It
can present as an isolated disorder or more rarely as a syndrome component.2Gingival enlargement
might also be attributed to several reasons, including inflammation, leukemic infiltration, and
association with the use of medicines like phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine.12
We report a case of hereditary gingival fibromatosis and of autosomal dominant inheritance. This
diagnosis of the gingival fibromatosis as hereditary and as autosomal dominant is justified by that
the family members of both sexes (patient's father, two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A periodontal dressing was placed for 1 week and the patient was prescribed antibiotics and 0.12%
chlorhexidine oral rinse. The surgery was followed by professional manual tooth cleaning after
removal of the periodontal dressing. The main aim of the treatment was to restore function, improve
esthetics and provide easy access for maintenance of oral hygiene. There were no complications and
post–operative results were satisfactory (FIGURE 6).The patient's appearance significantly
improved and he was satisfied with the results.
After surgical intervention, recurrence of gingival fibromatosis is considered unpredictable.16, 17
Oral hygiene is considered to be of paramount importance on the prognosis of gingival fibromatosis,
as poor oral hygiene can aggravate the gingival enlargement. Mild recurrence was reported apparent
in one study 20 months post–surgery due to poor plaque control10, while another study reported that
there was no recurrence in 14 years in patients with good oral

Factors Affecting Human Development During Phases Of...
The process of nondisjunction can occur in human development during phases in meiosis and
mitosis. The irregularity results in an abnormal amount of chromosomes in the produced cells and
causes alterations in those who are affected. Nondisjunctional consequences can be seen in these
five examples of genetic inheritance conditions discussed in this paper: Down syndrome, Patau's
syndrome, Edward's syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner's syndrome. The Mendelian
principles of genetics developed by Gregor Mendel include the patterns of autosomal recessive and
autosomal dominant. Autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns can cause disorders
such as: Marfan syndrome and Huntington disease from the inheritance of dominant ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, there are an extra amount or not enough sets of chromosomes in the cells created which
causes disorders in those affected. The effects of nondisjunction include the following diseases:
Down syndrome, Patau's syndrome, Edward's syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner's
syndrome. Mendelian and non–Mendelian inheritance patterns determine how certain traits are
passed on to the next generation. Mendelian patterns are autosomal dominant inheritance, which
causes Marfan syndrome and Huntington disease, and autosomal recessive inheritance, which
causes cystic fibrosis and sickle–cell disease. Non–Mendelian patterns of inheritance include
polygenic and mitochondrial inheritance. Polygenic inheritance is seen in the inheritance of traits
like skin color and height and can cause heart diseases and cancer. In mitochondrial inheritance, also
known as maternal inheritance, DNA in the mitochondria is passed down primarily from the mother.
This form of inheritance causes some disorders like Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and
Kearns–Sayre syndrome may occur. Epigenetic inheritance is an unusual process in which
epigenetic tags created by a parent's experience can be passed on to their offspring.
Nondisjunction describes the process in which the chromosomes of a cell do not divide in the
correct manner during meiosis and mitosis. The abnormality occur in one of three ways due to the
incorrect division of

Kiran Desai's Novel: The Inheritance Of Loss
Introduction
Kiran Desai is an Indian writer. In the age of fifteen years, she left India for England with her
mother. Her mother's name is Anita Desai, who is also a recognized writer. After a year they moved
to the America, where Desai has lived till date. She is a citizen of India and a permanent resident of
the America. She is a part of the Indian diaspora. Kiran Desai' first novel is Hullaballo in the Guava
Orchard. In this novel, she is dexterously able to portray male psyche. She won Booker Prize for
The Inheritance of Loss. This is her second novel. Desai is the youngest female to win the Booker
prize.
The story of the novel, The Inheritance of Loss opens up with the residents of a town in the north–
eastern Himalayas, specifically, a disillusioned old judge, his ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Running parallel with the story set in India we are also able to follow the vicissitudes of Biju, the
son of cook. He is struggling to realize the American dream as a migrant in New York. The
Inheritance of Loss has been extremely highly praised as a representative book. The novel focuses
confusion, hopelessness, ethno–racial and chronological relationships between people from
dissimilar backgrounds and cultures. Kiran Desai is intensely interested in India– the India of 1980s
which sincerely explores the varied picture. Desai examines the whole thing from beginning to end
the 'lens of being Indian,' without that point of view she acknowledged that she cannot write. The
novel, The Inheritance of Loss is a novel of merciless bitterness and hopelessness. The novel
presents its characters as eventually weak human beings struggling in look for of their individuality.
It shows the feeling of being trapped between two continents that infuses The Inheritance of Loss –
a story replete with unhappiness over

Disopora of Inheritance of Loss
As might be expected from the rich input of her cultural background, Kiran Desai, daughter of the
author Anita Desai is a born story–teller. Her first novel, Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard (1998), is
a fresh look at life in the sleepy provincial town of Shahkot in India. At 35 years old, Desai is the
youngest woman ever to win the prize and was already highly acclaimed in literary circles for her
first novel 'Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard' which won a Betty Trask award [2] when it was
published in 1998. She spent eight years writing her second novel "The Inheritance of Loss" [3] .
Much has been made of the parallels between the book and Desai's family history but it's not an
autobiography. Desai herself has said that in places it's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whereas Biju finds it difficult to have a conversation even with the Indian girls to whom he delivers
a take away meal, Saeed 'had many girls': '"Oh myee God!! he said. Oh myee Gaaaawd! She keep
calling me and calling me," he clutched at head, "aaaiii...I don't know what to do!!"... "It's those
dreadlocks, cut them off and the girls will go."' '"But I don't want them to go!"' [8] Much of the
comedy also arises from the Indian mis or over–use of the English language. '"Result equivocal" the
young Judge wrote home to India on completing his university examinations in Britain. "What",
asked everyone "does that mean?" It sounded as if there was a problem, because "un" words were
negative words, those basically competent in the English agreed. But then (his father) consulted the
assistant magistrate and they exploded with joy ...."' Bose, the Judge's friend from his university
days is a wonderfully optimistic but pompous individual, made all the more ridiculous by his over–
use of British idioms – 'Cheeri–o, right–o, tickety boo, simply smashing, chin–chin, no siree, how's
that, bottom's up, I say!' [9] An original and modern aspect of Desai's style is the almost poet–like
use she makes of different print forms on the page: she uses italics for foreign words as if to
emphasize their exoticness and untranslatability and capitals for emphasis

Examples Of Class Conflict In The Inheritance Of Loss
STUDY OF CLASS CONFLICTS IN KIRAN DESAI'S INHERITANCE OF LOSS The analysis of
"The Inheritance of Loss" states that the class conflict varies from community to community, and
with time. This is particularly important as the class concept needs to be approached from two
different points of view, from the West and the East. In general terms, of the western tradition, the
word "class" means a social division. The Latin word "classis", a division according to property of
the people of Rome, came into English in its Latin form.
The development of classes (lower class, middle class, upper class, working class and so on) in its
modern social sense, belongs essentially to the period between 1770–1840, which is also the period
of the Industrial Revolution and its decisive reorganization of society. The various characterizations,
names of classes and levels of each class, or rank, are still ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Thus, the concept of class will be discussed as the term is normally understood in the West. This will
also comprise the class issues described in Bangladesh and India. Like India, the concept of class
has proven difficult to define in Bangladesh. Throughout the history Bangladesh has been
influenced by other cultures and nations, including Britain. In these systems there are several
definitions of the various levels in the class structure, but in this the terms "high", "middle" and
"low" will usually be sufficient to promote the meaning. Otherwise, more specific terms will be
used. Hence, for practical purposes, the traditional terminology of the class concept from a western
point of view will also be used for the conditions in India and Bangladesh. In particular, this is
important when making comparisons, so that central class terminology like "class," "class identity"
and "class consciousness" can be used without confusing the analysis

Parkinson's Disease Research Paper
Parkinson's is caused by the death of brain cells that produce dopamine, one of the chemicals that
carry messages between neurons. Low dopamine impairs the basal ganglia, which are brain regions
that control movement and coordination. The early signs of this disease is often trembling or
shanking of a limb usually when the body is at rest, these first tremors usually begin on one side of
the body typically a hand. These tremors can effect arms, legs, feet, and a patients face. Parkinson's
disease belongs to a group of conditions called motor system disorders, which are the result of the
loss of dopamine–producing brain cells. The four primary symptoms of Parkinson's are tremor, or
trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; rigidity, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This type of inheritance means that two copies of the gene in the cells are effected. Most often, the
parents of an individual with autosomal recessive Parkinson disease each carry a copy of the
effected gene but do not show any symptoms of the disease. When genetic alterations modify the
risk of developing Parkinson disease, the inheritance pattern is usually not known. Most cases of
Parkinson disease probably result from a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors.
These cases are classified as sporadic and occur in people with no apparent history of the disorder in
their family. Only 15% of patients with the disease have a family history of

Progeria Essay
Progeria
Progeria is a disease of children that produces rapid aging. The exact cause of progeria is
unknown, although a hereditary component may be involved. Progeria results in rapid aging of
children,
beginning with growth failure during the first year of life. Progeria is a rare condition but has come
into
public awareness because of its startling symptoms and the appearance of several affected children
in movies on national television.The children are small and thin with disproportionately large
appearing heads, baldness, wizened narrow faces, and old–appearing skin. Children with progeria
develop early
atherosclerosis. The average lifespan is the early teens, although several have ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Dyck in 1987 reported coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous
transluminal angioplasty in a 14–year–old girl with this disorder. Recessive inheritance was
suggested by the
report from Egypt of affected sisters, children of first cousins. Paterson, in 1922 recorded the cases
of two
possibly affected brothers, photographs were not published and the diagnosis is not completely
certain. The full
report was simply the following: A boy, aged 8 years. Condition has been present since birth. The
father and
mother are first cousins. There are 4 children in the family, the girls are unaffected, both boys are
affected. The
senile condition of the skin and facies should be noted. The vessels show arteriosclerosis.(There is

almost
complete absence of subcutaneous fat.). Erecinski described photographically typical progeria in 2
brothers,
and among the 9 offspring of 2 sisters, Rava in1967 found 6 affected. Khalifa in1989 described a
consanguineous Libyan family in which 2 males and 1 female in 2 sibships related as cousins had
seemingly
typical Hutchinson–Gilford progeria. Repeated nonhealing fractures were the presenting
manifestation in the
proband. Maciel in1988 reported an inbred Brazilian family in which presumed Hutchinson–Gilford
progeria
had occurred in members of 2 sibships related as first cousins once removed. Although autosomal
recessive
inheritance

What Is Epigenetics?
What is Epigenetics?
The word "epigenetic" means "in addition to changes in genetic sequence." The term has changed to
include any process that alters gene activity without changing the DNA sequence, and leads to
modifications that can be transmitted to daughter cells. The term epigenetics was first used in the
early 1940s, when embryologist Conrad Waddington used it to describe the interactions between
genes and their products, which give rise to an organism's observable characteristics or phenotype.
Epigenetics involves genetic control by factors other than an individual's DNA sequence. Certain
circumstances in life can cause genes to be silenced or expressed over time. They can be turned off,
becoming dormant, or turned on, becoming active. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If we could map every single cause and effect of the different combinations, and if we could reverse
the gene's state to keep the good while eliminating the bad, then theoretically we could cure cancer,
slow the aging process and stop obesity. Epigenetic processes are natural and essential to many
organism functions, but if they occur improperly, there can be major adverse health and behavioural
effects.
How does epigenetics work?
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of DNA. Chemical tags known as epigenetic marks
sit atop genes, either on the DNA itself or on the histone proteins around which DNA is wrapped.
Changes in the mix of these marks can alter a gene's behaviour, turning the gene off so that protein
synthesis is inhibited, or turning it on, all without changing the information the gene contains.
Epigenetic tags act as a kind of cellular memory. A cell's epigenetic profile, a collection of tags that
tell genes whether to be on or off, is the sum of the signals it has received during its lifetime. Some
epigenetic marks inhibit genes by inducing tight folding of chromatin, which is DNA mixed with
histones and other proteins, and thus keeping genes from being read. Methyl groups sometimes play
that

The Inheritance Of Loss Essay
TITLE : The Inheritance Of Loss
AUTHOR : Kiran Desai
PUBLISHER : Penguin Books India
YEAR OF PUBLICATION : 2006
Kiran Desai is an Indian author. She was born in India in 1971. At the age of fourteen she moved to
England. Her novel ' The Inheritance Of Loss' won the Man booker Prize for the year 2006 and the
National Book Critics Circle fiction award. Desai is the youngest female to win the Booker prize.
She is a part of Indan Diaspora. As a south Asian diapora writer she gives voice to people who are
oppressed due to race, gender and class and have not been able express themselves in the past.
Taking history as the basis for her arguments she expresses her concern for the oppressed through
the characters of her novel.
The story of the novel ' The Inheritance of Loss' revolves around the inhabitants of a small town
Kalimpong situated in the north–eastern Himalayas, an old retired judge, his granddaughter Sai ,the
cook and their relatives and friends. The novel shows the consequences of uprising Nepalese and its
effects on the lives of these inhabitants. Along with this story there is a parallel ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Desai very carefully handles the themes of racial discrimination, migration ,political turmoil and
class discrimination. The novel provides us with some of the historical facts and the beautiful
imagery which makes us familiar with the geographical details of Nepal. We can easily draw
similarities between the novel and a movie. Just like a movie the novel deals with many characters
and there is a change in scenes within a chapter. It keeps moving back and forth in time which
makes it more interesting. The narrative techniques used by the author enhances the whole reading
experience. The novel traces the development of the characters and ends the story in positive

The Inheritance Pattern Of Early Onset Alzheimer's
Alzheimer's is a form of dementia that causes memory loss, thinking, and behavioral issues. Nearly
5.4 million American's are affected by Alzheimer's. People who are affected begin with early–onset
Alzheimer's. One will experience symptoms such as confusion, mild memory loss, and speaking
issues. The inheritance pattern of early–onset Alzheimer's is autosomal dominant inheritance. This
means that if you inherit the abnormal Alzheimer's gene from a parent, you are likely to get the
disease. Even though Alzheimer's is a somewhat common disorder, the inheritance pattern of late–
onset Alzheimer's is still unknown. Although, scientists believe genetic, environmental, and lifestyle
factors play a role in a person's risk for developing the disease.

Dna Contamination And Its Unique Property Of Being...
The mtDNA are explicitly studied recently due to its unique property of being inherited only from
the mother. Unlike the nuclear DNA, mtDNA does not follow the Mendelian laws. Studying the
inheritance pattern of mtDNA from mother to offspring will give us a better insight about its role in
mitochondria associated human diseases.
The origin of mitochondria can be explained by endosymbiotic theory which states that the α–
proteobacteria was engulfed by an archaebacterial to become what is presently known as
mitochondria. As a part of evolution, the mtDNA has almost lost its genetic identity though it
continues to retain a small genome from its ancestors. The rest of the non–mitochondrial origin
genome came from the horizontal gene transfer. However, there is a lot of debate over the
inheritance patterns of mtDNA. In this article, the author explains the inheritance pattern of mtDNA
with experimental proof and its isolation from mammalian cell line free of nuclear DNA
contamination. The nuclear DNA contamination is due to the recruitment of nucleus derived tRNAs
to the mitochondria causing redundancy in the tRNA forming codons. This will eventually lead to
the loss of original functional mtDNA thereby increasing the mutational load in the cell.
To study the mtDNA transmission from mother to offspring, an experiment was conducted in which
the mtDNA inheritance was studied in primary oocytes. They found that only a certain number of
mtDNA were transferred to oocyte. On oocyte

Null Hypothesis Essay
Our data from cross 1 resulted in failing to reject our null hypothesis of no difference between the
expected and observed results. This means our cross followed the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio of sex–
linked inheritance. When looking at our results from the pooled class data, the room for human error
while performing the crosses is very likely since we had 8 different groups. There is a good chance
not every group properly carried out their cross and therefore provided skewed results which in turn
caused our chi–square to be skewed so high and our null hypothesis rejected. For our second cross,
which should have also followed a sex–linked inheritance pattern, the data caused us to reject the
null hypothesis because our observed numbers were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This cross was also expected to yield a 9:3:3:1 ratio. Our observed data did not follow the expected
pattern and therefore we had to reject the null hypothesis. Our F2 generation only produced vestigial
offspring which must have been due to human error in crossing our F1 generation offspring. There
must have been all vestigial winged phenotype placed in the F2 cross to produce an all vestigial
generation. This error could be fixed by re–crossing the F1 generation carefully, making sure the
offspring were in fact all wild–type, which should then produce the expected 9:3:3:1 F2 generation.
When looking at our class data, the numbers even out a bit more, but the observed vestigial
offspring still skew much higher than they should be and still don't allow us to fail to reject the null
hypothesis. Based on our results, the vestigial phenotype was what was skewed higher than it should
have been. Since the entire F1 generation should have been wild types (e+evg+vg) to produce the
correct ratio, it is possible that some of the crosses had original vestigial parents mixed in with the
wild type offspring being crossed, which could have been the cause for our skewed results. In all of
our crosses there was room for error that could be prevented in a future study. Our method design
for anesthetizing the flies could be made more efficient. There were multiple times our flies were
killed while in the

King Evan's 'Inheritance In Silence'
Silence, a romance written in the Middle Ages, deals with a girl named Silence who is raised as a
boy due to the fact that the king at the time, King Evan, made a law stating that women could no
longer inherit from their parents. This was after two counts had died after fighting over women.
Thus, to be sure Silence would receive her inheritance, she was brought up as a boy and treated like
one for about the first quarter of her life, until it is revealed at the end that she is indeed a woman.
Upon the realization that she is a woman, King Evan uplifts the ban on female inheritance. He also
marries Silence, who had served for the King for many years as a male. It can then be realized that
the convention of the recognition scene is employed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Silence then admits that the Queen's cla'ms were not true and stated that she did not argue against
the Queen on these claims because she "feared [the Queen] might denounce [her] and reveal [her]
true nature" and she also did not want to "compromise the lady's position as queen" (pp 310–311).
After hearing this, the King comes to believe Silence, as she has no reason to lie anymore, as her
biggest secret has just been announced to the public. The King then gives a speech to Silence saying
that she "[had] saved [her]self by [her] loyal actions" and that he would give her his "friendship and
protection" (pp 311). Because of his deep trust of Silence, the King decided to uplift his ban on
female inheritance and then had his wife, the Queen Eufeme put to death for her lies. After this,
Silence was "dressed as a woman" and her manly appearance was stripped away from her (pp 313).
Thus, the truth came out in that Silence was indeed a woman; justice was found for her, as the
Queen was caught in her lies, women could inherit again, and Silence could finally live as she truly
was, a woman; and order was restored, as things could now go back to as they once

Essay Birth Defects
Birth defects, or congenital malformations, are the faulty formation of structures or body parts
present at birth.
Sporadic, hereditary, or acquired defects may be immediately observed or may become manifest
later in life; they may be visible on the body surface or present internally. Birth defects may be life
threatening and require surgical correction, or they may interfere with function or appearance. It is
estimated that about 3% of all children are born with major defects; minor defects or variations are
estimated to occur in 10% to 15% of births.
Malformations may be single or multiple. Multiple malformations that occur in a regular
recognizable pattern are referred to as syndromes––for example, the FETAL ALCOHOL
SYNDROME
sometimes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In cases of autosomal recessive inheritance, both parents are normal but each carries a silent, or
recessive, gene that, if matched in an offspring, causes the birth defect. Because both parents are so–
called carriers (heterozygotes) of the same abnormal gene, they run a 25% risk (1 in 4) of having a
child with the birth defect caused by that particular gene. Examples of birth defects inherited in this
autosomal recessive manner are TAY–SACHS
DISEASE and SICKLE–CELL ANEMIA. In cases of X–linked recessive inheritance the abnormal
gene is located on the X chromosome.
The normal mother has two X chromosomes, one of which carries the gene for the abnormal
condition; but if her son inherits her X chromosome with the abnormal gene, he will be affected
with the condition. HEMOPHILIA is inherited in this matter. Multifactorial Defects
Many common birth defects do not occur in a pattern that indicates simple Mendelian inheritance.
They seem to result from an interaction of genes and the environment, including the intrauterine
environment, and each factor includes a number of different hereditary and environmental
influences; hence, these defects are called multifactorial. Among them are congenital heart disease;
neural tube defects, including
SPINA BIFIDA, myelomeningocele, and anencephaly; and CLUBFOOT, CLEFT LIP
AND PALATE, and dislocated hips.
Chromosome Number An increase or decrease in the total chromosome material can cause birth
defects. For

The Inheritance Of Loss By Kiran Desai
Colonialism phenomenon is one of the aspects in life that has significant impact towards people's
values, feelings, beliefs and experiences. The effect of past colonialism lasts in modern lives, and
thus referred to as post–colonialism. Post–colonialism refers to the residual effects of colonial
domination and its cultures. Indigenous people internalized colonizers' values in almost every aspect
of their lives including the way of thinking, education, social system, culture, economy, language,
and so on. Colonizers' values denigrate the values, moral, and even physical appearances of
formerly subjugated people. It produces negative self–image and alienation from their indigenous
cultures (Tyson, 2006, 419). Kiran Desai was born in 1971 and one of the best writers in India. She
was fifteen years old when she left for England with her mother, Anita Desai, who is also a well–
known author. After a year they moved to the U.S.A, where Desai has lived till date. She is a part of
the Indian Diaspora. She is a citizen of India and a permanent resident of the United States of
America. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this novel she has won the Betty Trask Award. Her second novel The Inheritance of Loss, which
appeared in 2006, took her almost eight years to complete. For this novel she has won the 2006 Man
Booker prize. She is the youngest female writer ever to win the prestigious prize. Desai points out
regarding every contemporary global issue such as globalization, multiculturalism, economic
inequality and terrorist violence in the novel. The distressed characters of her novels are bound by a
shared historical

A Study Of Changes Throughout Gene Expression
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression which may be inherited with no changes to
the DNA sequence itself– it may account for non–Mendelian population inheritance patterns.
Transgenerational inheritance requires a chromosomal or epigenetic change in the germline allowing
the information to be passed on from one generation to another (Anway et al 2005a). In order for
epigenetic marks to be passed down, the gametes need to conserve their epigenomes by avoiding
two reprogramming events; in the gamete and zygote. DNA demethylation is avoided in some genes
called imprinting genes which retain their sex–specific patterns. The environment and external
factors may cause additional information to be added on top of the genome. It has generally been
accepted that epigenetic marks are removed and re–established in the preceding generation, thus not
inherited. Nevertheless, many studies carried out on model organisms are challenging this concept
and suggesting that this may not be entirely correct. There may be an incomplete clearing of
epigenetic marks resulting in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The present generations
where being synthesised in the womb of their grandmother. Therefore, does the food my
grandmother ate affect my development? Could the air we breathe affect our grandchildren? Many
questions are still unknown in the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance field (Youngson and
Whitelaw 2008). Phenotypic variation and disease caused by

Essay about Sandhoff’s Disease> Tay Sachs
"The carrier rate for Tay–Sachs in the general population is 1/600" (OMIM). Sandhoff Disease is a
rare genetic disorder, and it is a severe form of Tay–Sachs that progressively destroys cells in the
brain and spinal cord. Since its discovery and analysis of inheritance, there have been advancements
of its diagnosis, treatment, research, and its support resources for affected families. Those affected
individuals lose motor skills and function of other body parts. As the disease progresses they
experience seizures, vision/hearing loss, mental disability, paralysis, and a cherry red spot on the
eye. This leads to loss of coordination, alertness, and respitory health. The disease has three forms
infantile, juvenile, and late–onset. In infants ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is available when both members of a couple are carriers. These tests can also be used to screen if
you are a carrier of the disorder. Although there is no cure for Sandhoff, there is treatment. These are
used to manage symptoms and pro–long life expectancy." Supportive treatment includes proper
nutrition and hydration and keeping the airway open. Anticonvulsants may initially control seizures
(NINDS)". As a result of research there are more experimental treatments. For example, children
can receive transplants of stem cells from an umbilical chord. Another way is through gene therapy;
which is done by "restoring the missing enzyme by introducing the correct genetic code so proper
enzyme production can occur (NTSAD). " Due to further research attempts, after diagnosis, there
are ways to treat and manage symptoms to provide comfort. There are various support programs that
help the families affected by this disease. The National Tay–Sachs & Allied Diseases (NTSAD) can
help patients understand diagnosis, management options, updates on research efforts, and connect
with other families. They provide information for in–home and outside services for patients. Also,
there are online and outside support groups that help families relate. This provides comfort and ease
on dealing with the disorder. Additionally, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and
Stroke (NINDS) support the additional research through grants

Literary Analysis Of ' Midnight 's Children, The God Of...
Many a writers of Indian Diaspora have expressed their true emotions and fear through their writing
in multifaceted ways. For the non resident Indian writers the struggle is everywhere, whereas the
Indians trapped in the cultural conflict in their country itself endure a constant struggle which ends
nowhere leads nowhere. The Man Booker prize winning Indian works Midnight's Children, The God
of Small Things, The Inheritance of Loss, and The White Tiger are written with an intention to
discuss the inner struggles faced by various elements of the society in India and outside India. The
cultural confusion naturally suffered in the displaced society is experience by the characters of the
novels in some or the way. They are not able to get rid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The realm of independence and freedom hardly made any potential difference to them as they prefer
to fend themselves with the leftovers of a bygone era. This article is discussing the various
characters' struggles to survive in a world which alienates them for one or the other reason. The
oppressed society seeks for renaissance through a cultural change evident through the struggles of
the characters.
Saleem in Midnight's Children
Saleem is the biological son of William Methwold and Wee Willie Winkie's wife– half Indian Half
British. He's known as Saleem Sinai due to the baby switching by Mary Pereira. He by birth is
living on a borrowed identity, which is similar to the condition of many other Indians as they were
also thriving on the borrowed culture post independence. The inmates of Methwold estate were
following the western mannerisms left by the previous owner William Methwold. The unfamiliar
lifestyle suffocated the inmates yet it didn't change their lives a bit. The acculturation and
assimilation have made huge impact over their lives in so many ways. Saleem always felt insecurity
in terms of identity as well as survival. He knew that he doesn't belong to the Sinai household yet he
didn't want to get away from it. The disillusionment is followed by the Indian community post
independence as they believed– rather made believe that the western way of life is far more

Kiran Desai 's The Inheritance Of Loss
Kiran Desai's The Inheritance of Loss is deliberately hallmarked by its abundance of juxtapositions
within the text. Sai and Gyan, the atmospheres of Kalimpong and the Gorkha National Liberation
Front Movement, as well as the colonial and postcolonial world are placed side by side to evoke
deep contrasts. The protagonist, Sai Mistry, undergoes a personal development process that is the
product of her life circumstances, her interactions with Gyan, as well as her experience living amidst
the Gorkha National Liberation Movement. On one hand, Sai's experience growing up in a sheltered
environment adds innocence to her personality. On the other hand, her experience as an orphan and
the influence of the Judge–– a bitter retiree who believes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Sai's emotions are naive because she is not the first woman in history to grow up at an intersection
of opposing cultural forces. Just as a giant squid is not predisposed to meet other creatures of his
kind, Sai's sheltered upbringing prevents her from meeting people with similar experiences. Sai's
exploration of her appearance allows her to gain the crucial tool of agency to help her gain maturity.
At the beginning of her relationship with Gyan, Sai begins to explore her appearance; she becomes
"continually obsessed with her own face";however,she is aware that she is "whetting her appetite for
something else"(83). Sai is using her face as a placeholder for her desire to connect with others.
Then, as her relationship escalates, she feels that her "companionship had increased the sensation of
fluidity she'd felt before the mirror, that reduction to malleable form" (146) Sai's interest in her
appearance highlights her new interest in her agency, which is a mark of her emerging maturity. She
is beginning to understand through the reflections around her that she can edit herself–– as well as
her identity. She is realizing that she does not need to be limited by the static, old–fashioned
influences in her community; she can be a dynamic individual who not only is capable of emotional
connection but also is able to

Gregor Mendelian Inheritance
Gregor Mendel worked to bring about Mendelian inheritance. Genetics can be defined as: the study
of heredity and variation of inherited characteristics. Mendel worked in the lab on pea plants.
Therefore, in Figure 1A it shows how from working with the pea plants he concluded that genes
come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units with one inherited from each parent. He also tracked
the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant and recessive.
This was a major breakthrough in genetics. Two scientists, Gantz and Bier, worked in a lab with
fruit flies. They expected their results to show only one out of four newborn flies to have shown
effects of the mutation their mothers carried – an X–linked recessive

The Proces of Evolution
Without evolution, and the constant ever changing environment, the complexity of living organisms
would not be as it is. Evolution is defined as a process that results in heritable changes in a
population spread over many generations (8).Scientists believe in the theory of evolution. This belief
is based on scientific evidence that corroborates the theory of evolution. In Figure 1 the pictures of
the skulls depict the sequence of the evolution of Homo–sapiens. As the figure shows, man has
evolved from our common ancestor that is shared by homo–sapiens. The change of diet of homo–
sapiens over time has thought to contribute to the change in jaw structure and overall skull shape.
The process of evolution comprises of many complex of mechanisms. These mechanisms
fundamentally allow the progression of speciation and adaptation to occur. There are 4 common
kinds of evolutionary mechanism of change: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Mutation and
Migration.
Natural selection is based on the concept "survival of the fittest" where the most favourable
individual best suited in the environment survive and pass on their genes for the next generation.
Those individual who are less suited to the environment will die.
Another mechanism is a hereditable type of evolution is mutations. Mutations are alterations to a
gene. Mutation can be harmful, beneficial or neutral. Mutations are the origin of the source of
genetic diversity (9).Mutation that are harmful, hinders the chances of the

IRA Beneficiary
When a life event, such as a death in the family, occurs and you are uncertain what the tax
implications are, it is best to seek out the expertise of a CPA to help answer your tax questions. "My
aunt passed away and left me some money . . . . Is it taxable?" Like most tax questions, that answer
depends on the answers to several other questions. Usually the answer is NO. However, there are
instances where you will pay income tax on money you receive as an inheritance, or taxed on the
income that the assets you inherited generate.
For example, if Aunt Sally's will says, "I leave $5,000 to my nephew Johnny," Johnny will receive
$5,000 of cash and it is NOT taxable to Johnny. This is called a "specific bequest." Aunt Sally
wanted to leave ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Remainder beneficiaries will not only receive their share of the assets owned at the date of death,
but will also receive their share of the income generated by estate assets while the estate is being
administered until its closing. For example, if the estate has $500,000 cash in an interest–bearing
account, the interest earned after the date of death until the cash is distributed and the estate is
closed is taxable income to the remainder beneficiary. They will receive a Schedule K–1 from the
income tax return that the Estate files for the year. The income reported on the beneficiary's
Schedule K–1 should be included on the beneficiary's Form 1040 as taxable income. It will not
equal the amount of the inheritance, nor necessarily agree to any amount actually received by the

What Is The Theme Of Diaspora By Kiran Desai
Gyan accused her slavery towards the western culture and considered the reason for not getting
opportunity anywhere because of people like her. When he saw her anger of not being the culprit
even she was put on stake. Later Gyan apologizes for being so mean and she accepted his apology.
Gyan went to a canteen with a feeling of religious and the political concerns which creeped over
him. He told to his revolutionary partners about, how he was forced to earn money by tutoring. He
started hating Jemubhai and Sai, he hates the fake English accent and their brown face powdered
pink and white. All these feelings made him to take revenge to get their political and basic human
rights. "When Gyan is caught up in the Gorkha National Liberation Front ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It travels through diverse location with a common guess that modern age is nothing but an
Inheritance of Loss. The life of immigrants is planned through the life of Biju who goes to America
agreed the project of a cook in an English restaurant. Throughout the novel, the cook. Biju's father,
ruins in misconceptions regarding the life of immigrants. Through the letters of Biju, he builds the
image that America is a land of dreams and promises. In one of his letters Biju writes, "No need to
worry: everything is fine. The manager has offered me a full time waiter position. Uniform and food
will be given by them. Angrezi khana only, no Indian food and owner is not from India. He is from
America itself" ( IOL, Pg., No:140). In this declaration of guilt, the unqualified acceptance of
authority of America is marked. For Biju, immigration is a load. Biju sends America by his father to
improvise his status form low level. Biju comes to a bitter awareness on the situation of immigrant.
Desai aptly reveals her own feelings and thoughts clearly through Biju. The readers surely concern
with the Biju's character. Stuart Hall, in his study on multiculturalism, checks that in the progress of
migration, the idea of "otherness" and the consciousness of ethnicity merely confirm about the
situation of immigrants in the west. He

Alzheimer's Disease Research Paper
It is estimated that between 4.5 and 5.4 million Americans are affected by Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
(Vanmeter. P. 376). AD is a progressive disease that causes problems with memory, thinking and
behavior. Changes with Alzheimer's Disease are degenerative and results in gross atrophy of the
cerebral cortex. The disease destroys brain cells which causes two types of abnormalities;
neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques (orange book p. 212). Neurofibrillary tangles cause
death of neurons, which contributes to the development of dementia. Amyloid plaque disrupts
transmission of nerve impulses. It is not clear if the plaque causes AD or a by–product of the AD
process causes it. (212 orange).
The cause of Alzheimer's Disease is unknown, but currently there are 4 genes located on
chromosomes that are associated with AD. Two types of AD exist; familial Alzheimer's Disease and
Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Familia AD follows an inheritance pattern while sporadic does not
follow an inheritance pattern. Sign and symptoms are seen differently as the disease progress with
their respectively stages.
Stage I– short tern memory Problems with depth perceptions Mild cognitive deficits, that may go
unnoticed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are 5 FDA approved medications for AD. Three of those drugs are Aricept, Exelon and
Reminyl. These three drugs increases the availability of acetylcholine in the synapses by inhibiting
the enzymes cholinesterase responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine. The fourth medication is
Menatine which has been approved for moderate to severe AD. The last drugs FDA approved drug is
a combination of Aricept and Menatime. Other treatment includes collaboration with occupations
therapy to provide for a safe environment for as long as possible. Social workers, psychologist and
speech therapist can provide direction and assistant to the

Retinitis Pigmentosa Research Papers
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), also known as rod cone dystrophy, is a rare genetic disease that affects
the retinas in the eyes. In the United States, it affects 1 in 4,000 people making it the most common
inherited retina disease (Nash, et al., 2015). This disease usually leads to blindness because of the
deterioration of the light–sensing cells in the retina. Within the retina, there are cells called rods and
cones. For people who have RP, the rods, which are responsible for night and peripheral vision, are
the cells that deteriorate first. After the rods are affected, the cones follow. Cones are responsible for
color perception and central vision. Usually, symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa show up during
childhood. At this stage in life, children affected with this disease have a loss of night vision. As
these children become adults, the disease causes their eyes develop blind spots in their peripheral
vision and eventually these blind spots will merge and create tunnel vision (Nash, et al., 2015). Over
time, the disease will affect central vision. Central vision ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When the inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant, it means that one parent was affected and that
one copy of the mutant gene will cause the disease. About 15–20% of RP cases are autosomal
dominant (Chang, et al., 2011). On the other hand there is also the autosomal recessive inheritance.
It takes two copies of the mutant genes to cause the disease. If both parents are carriers, there is a 1
in 4 chance of their child having RP, 1 in 2 chance that their child is a carrier, and a 1 in 4 chance
that their child is not affected at all. In the case of a X–linked inheritance, male offspring are more
susceptible to having the disease compared to female offspring who will most likely be carriers.
However, about 40–50% of RP cases have been linked to unknown inheritance patterns (Chang, et
al., 2011; Nash, et al.,

Various Forms of Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is the progressive weakening and deterioration of the skeletal muscles
controlling movement. There isn't only one type of this disease; MD is a group of over 30 genetic
diseases. The diseases differ in many ways. Age of onset may be seen in infancy and childhood, or
develop during teenage years through later in life. Types of MD differ in muscle distribution and
extent of weakness, and rate of progression. Duchenne MD, as in James' case, is the most common
form. It's primarily found in boys, and is caused by the absence in dystrophin. Dystrophin is an
important protein in the structure of muscles, and is the largest known human gene. This is a rapidly
progressing disease after an onset of three to five years. Most boys affected by Duchenne MD are
unable to walk before their teenage years, and eventually need a respirator to breathe as the
diaphragm begins to degenerate. Facioscapulohumeral MD develops in teenage years, progressively
weakening muscles of the face, arms, legs, shoulders, and chest. The symptoms can be less harsh,
but have the capability to be disabling. Prolonged muscle spasms, cataracts, cardiac abnormalities,
and endocrine disturbances are the primary effects of Myotonic MD. This form is the most common
in adults, and its sufferers have long, thin faces with drooping eyelids, and a long swan–like neck.
These are only three of the over 30 forms of MD, but also the most common types in their respective
age of onset.
Even though MD is

The Inheritance Of Loss : East Vs. West
Kiani–Maile Casillas
World Civilization
August 6, 2014
The Inheritance of Loss; East vs. West
We have always known the world as four separate geographic regions, the North, South, East and
West. The West has been significant in the ideas of America and Western Europe. All characterized
by common clothes, language, culture, race, ethnicity and economics. But as time passes, the idea of
"the West" begins to dissolve amongst other cultures and regions of the non–western world.
Blending of cultures begins into the east creating multiculturalism and western influences. In Kirans
Desai's The Inheritance of Loss the experiences of the characters in the novel disintegrates the idea
of "the West" into the East and we can no longer distinguish one ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Jemubhai a character is influenced by racism and discrimination that leaves a permanent effect and
realizes that those who are being colonized by Western cultures will not me accepted into the
Western lifestyle or world. Although the west is and east are separated by race and ethnicity, the idea
of "the West" is spread out into the East.
Benjamin Barber wrote "Jihad vs. McWorld" which discusses the future of nation–states to be split
amongst two ideas. A split of traditional culture, versus evolving economics of the world, which are
continuously clashing. These ideas are seen in The Inheritance of Loss. Culture of India is being
drained away by Western ideas of advancing economics. Those who keep to the Indian culture are
seen as inferior to the Westernization or European culture.
Barber believed that each the Jihad, the traditional culture and the McWorld, the advanced world,
had very specific qualities characterizing them. For example, the Jihad is deemed as culture against
culture. Jihad goes against interdependence and social communities. While this occurs, the McWorld
is constantly changing economically, ecologically and supports a unity of communities. Jihad
remains traditional while McWorld constantly revolves around fast food, fast music and technology.
India is seen as the Jihad and the McWorld is the Western culture.
"The judge was thinking of his hate" (165). A character known as Judge or Jemubhai is

How Does The Change Affect Our Grandchildren?
By studying Epigenetics, we learn about the changes in heritable genome function without changes
in the DNA sequence itself. Transgenerational inheritance requires a chromosomal or epigenetic
change in the germline allowing the information to be passed on from one generation to another
(Anway et al 2005a). In order for epigenetic marks to be passed down, the gametes need to conserve
their epigenomes by avoiding two reprogramming events; in the gamete and zygote. It has generally
been accepted that epigenetic marks are removed and re–established in the preceding generation,
thus not inherited. However, studies being carried out on model organisms are challenging this
concept and suggesting that this may not be entirely correct. There may be an incomplete erasure of
epigenetic marks resulting in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (Youngson and Whitelaw
2008). The present generations were being synthesised in the womb of their grandmother. Therefore,
did the food my grandmother ate affect my development? Could the air we breathe affect our
grandchildren? Many questions are still unknown in this field. The environment and external factors
may cause additional information to be added on top of the genome resulting in phenotypic variation
and disease leading to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetic modifications of the
germline are not only important to evolutionary biologists and disease aetiology but also ecologists,
as incomplete epigenetic changes can

A Literary Analysis of "The Inheritance of Loss"
The Inheritance of Loss Literary Analysis I. Character Cook: 1. His wife dies by slipping from a tree
while gathering leaves for their goat. 2. Sacrifices a chicken in order to save Biju from being taken
by his deceased mother. 3. Tries to send Biju abroad for the first time when a recruiting agent from a
cruise ship line comes to Kalimpong. 4. Succeeds in sending Biju to the United States with a tourist
visa. 5. Brags all over Kalimpong that Biju is successful in America, even though it isn't true. 6.
Starts sending Biju requests that he helps other immigrants get settled in the United States. 7. Biju
calls Cook to make sure everything is OK. The call goes in and out and doesn't last very long
because of a faulty telephone wire which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sai starts out as a naïve girl who knows little about the world outside of Kalimpong in the beginning
of the novel. At the end, however, she realizes how bad conditions are in Kalimpong and resolves to
leave the first chance she gets. She changes during her tumultuous relationship with Gyan, in which
she learns how to make decisions on her own and to stick up for herself. Biju: 1. Is swindled out of
money and a job by the "recruiting agent" in Kathmandu. 2. Applies for a tourist visa to get to the
United States and eventually gets there. 3. Finds his first job at Gray's Papaya and is introduced to
the American way of life. 4. Works at the Baby Bistro, fights with a Pakistani there, and realizes
there is an American caste system, "Perfectly first–world on top, perfectly third–world 22 steps
below" (23). 5. Works at the Queen of Tarts and befriends Saeed Saeed, a Zanzibarian, from whom
he learns much from. 6. Starts working at Brigitte's and defines his religious ideals and quits
working at Brigitte's because they serve beef. 7. Begins working at Gandhi Café because they do not
serve beef, which coincides with Biju's newly affirmed beliefs. 8. Learns of the trouble going on in
Kalimpong and gets worried about his father's safety. 9. Calls Cook, who can't talk long because of a
faulty telephone wire, which only increases Biju's worry. This is where Biju realizes that family is
more important than making

Elizabeth Bishop's One Art: Optimism In Defeat
One Art: Optimism In Defeat The villanelle poem "One Art", written by Elizabeth Bishop is an
optimistic tribute to her deceased lover and intends to reassure herself in her time of grief that it's
almost human nature to lose that which we love, considering her background in loss, her addition of
impersonal comments, and her use of clever diction. The poem starts off simply talking about how
there are things that we intentionally lose and gradually increases the significance of the thing we've
lost until she's talking about losing a loved one. Elizabeth has had her fair share of losing that which
she's loved. When her father passed away, she recieved his inheritance which she used to travel to
places around the world. After travelling, she

Self-Alienation to Self-Adjustment: Arundhati Roy’s The...
The dominant idiom of Indian writing today is firmly entrenched in pain, anxiety of displacement,
nostalgia, yearning to belong to roots, and so on. Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things and
Kiran Desai's The Inheritance of Loss are two such novels that explore the tragedy of man on
several levels using different perspectives. Both the novels are about averted culture–clash tragedies,
homogeneity vs. heterogeneity, and about Indian sensibilities.
This paper attempts to examine the fictional projections of Indian girls, to see how they emerge in
ideological terms. Their journeys from self–alienation to self–adjustment, their childhood struggles
against the hypocrisies and monstrosities of the grown–up world, eventually demolishing the unjust
male constructed citadels of power that hinder their progress– are the highlighted issues. The point
of comparison between the two novels focused on here is the journey of Rahel in The God of Small
Things and Sai in The Inheritance from a lonely childhood to a tragic adulthood passing through a
struggle with the complex forces of patriarchal society. Both the novels portray the imaginativeness,
inventiveness, independence, rebelliousness, wide–eyed wonder and innocence associated with
these young girls.
Alienation from the adult world is an important underlying theme in both novels. The God of Small
Things is the story of the fraternal twins, Estha and Rahel and their unhappy, fractured family. Both
the children experience a sense

Genetic Disorder : Retinitis Pigmentosa
Genetic Disorder: Retinitis Pigmentosa
Retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is an inherited, degenerative eye disease that causes severe vision
impairment due to the progressive degeneration of the rod photoreceptor cells in the retina . Retinitis
pigmentosa is one of the most common inherited diseases of the retina, affecting 1.5 million people
worldwide. Up to 150 mutations are known to cause retinitis pigmentosa, which includes three
genetic inheritance patterns– autosomal dominant inheritance, autosomal recessive inheritance, or
X–linked inheritance. Symptoms often first appear in childhood that patients would endure
nyctalopia, the decreasing vision at night or in low light, then lost of peripheral vision causing
"tunnel vision" and finally, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, my family started to pay attention to this disease and tried to find as many cutting–edge
therapies as possible for curing and alleviating the symptom. Fortunately, my grandmother still can
capture a little sense of light and she is optimistic all the time during these 20 years.
Retinitis pigmentosa is one of the most common forms of inherited retinal degeneration which
relates to multiple genes, including more than 150 genes. When these genes mutated, the retinitis
pigmentosa phenotype would show up. The disease can be inherited as an autosomal dominant
(about 30–40% of cases), autosomal recessive (50–60%), or X–linked (5–15%) trait . Retinitis
pigmentosa is caused by a form of inherited retinal degeneration which effects two types of
photoreceptors, rods and cones, the light–sensitive cells that convert light into nervous impulses. As
the disease progresses, the rods would be degenerated initially, so the patients would found the
decreasing night vision. Then the cones, which are responsible for diurnal vision, become affected.
Whereas the rods are destroyed, the cones survive in the organism for extended periods, even after
the occurrence of blindness as they cease to function . Gene mapping and gene discovery have
revealed unusually complicated molecular genetic causes of RP . Retinitis pigmentosa varies a lot
because of the follow characteristics: locus heterogeneity which states that mutations in many
different genes cause the

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