not so full description about monera kingdom. please like and share and comment!:)

1. Author:
1. Aisha Shafira
2. Ardita Sophi Ayustine
3. Dian Wahyu Septianingsih
4. Fiqa Dwiwardhina
5. Lathifa Dwi Sekarayu
6. Magfirah Aliyya N.I Tangahu
7. Nadhifah Raniah

2. Empires Kingdom
Organism
Eukaryote
(have nucleus
membranes)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryote
(don’t have
nucleus
membranes)
MONERA
Source: en.wikipedia.org

4. Monera are organisms that do not have
a cell nucleus membrane. Kingdom has two major groups of
organisms, namely bacteria and cyanobacteria. Both are
included in prokaryotes
and unicellular organisms. Monera reproduce by dividing the
mselves and there is also aspore-forming Monera. The
formed spore is called ENDOSPORE
Source: munawarsmanti.blogspot.com

5.  The taxon Monera was first
proposed by Ernst Haeckel as phyla in 1866; later, the taxon was
raised to the rank of the kingdom in 1925
by Eduard Chatton, gain public acceptance, and the
latter is generally accepted classification of the mega-taxon
Monera was five kingdom system classification defined
by Robert Whittaker in 1969.
 In the three-domain system of taxonomy, which was founded in
1990 and reflects the evolutionary history of life as currently
understood, the organism is found in the kingdom
Monera divided into two
domains, Achaeans and bacteria (the eukaryotes as a third
domain). The next is a paraphyletic taxon Monera. The
term "moneran" is the informal name of a member
of this group and are still sometimes used (as the
term "prokaryote") to indicate whether a domain member

6. Bacteria, despite their simplicity, contain a well-developed
cell structure which is responsible for
many of their unique biological properties. Many
structural features are unique to bacteria and are
not found among archaea or eukaryotes. Because of
the simplicity of bacteria relative to larger
organisms and the ease with which they can be
manipulated experimentally, the cell structure of
bacteria has been well studied, revealing many
biochemical principles that have been after applied
to other organisms.

7. Source: Suyitno A., Sukirman. Biology,
For Junior High School Year VII,
Yudhistira

8. Source: munawarsmanti.blogspot.com

9. VS
Source picture: google.co.id

10.  Perhaps the most well known bacterial adaptation to stress is
the formation of endospores. Endospores are bacterial
survival structures that are highly resistant to many different
types of chemical and environmental stresses and therefore
enable the survival of bacteria in environments that would be
lethal for these cells in their normal vegetative form. It has
been proposed that endospore formation has allowed for the
survival of some bacteria for hundreds of millions of years
(e.g. in salt crystals) although these publications have been
questioned. Endospore formation is limited to several genera
of Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus and Clostridium. It
differs from reproductive spores in that only one spore is
formed per cell resulting in no net gain in cell number upon
endospore germination. The location of an endospore within
a cell is species-specific and can be used to determine the
identity of a bacterium
Source: id.wikipedia.org

11.  Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae, blue-green algae,
and blue-green bacteria is a phyla autotrophic
bacteria. Its fossil has found age 3.8 billion years B.C.
This group of bacteria is one of the largest and
important in the earth.
Source: id.wikipedia.org

12.  Nostoc is Cyanobacteria has the form of colony phlegm ball that
adhere, so that the shape would be lone circle phylament like
necklace. Nostoc reproduce by fragmentize
 Anabaena is a genus of Cyanobacteria that the form of its self like
nostoc. The difference is anabaena can symbiotic with the root of
plants. Anabaena reproduce with spore
 Gleocapsa is a genus of Cyanobacteria that can found on wet stone
or plants pot. Its cell has form of circle or oval with color green and
blue spread in around a cell wall
 Oscillatory has the form of phylament with tighten and formed by
mug-cell. It’s excessively found in pond and pure water
 Rivularia is a genus of Cyanobacteria that has form of stimulus
Source: munawarsmanti.blogspot.com

13. Rivularia
Gleocapsa
Oscillatory
Anabaena
Nostoc

14.  There are two different ways of grouping bacteria. They can
be divided into three types based on their response to
gaseous oxygen. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for their
health and existence and will die without it. Anaerobic
bacteria can't tolerate gaseous oxygen at all and die when
exposed to it. Facultative anaerobes prefer oxygen, but can
live without it.
 The second way of grouping them is by how they obtain
their energy. Bacteria that have to consume and break
down complex organic compounds are heterotrophy. This
includes species that are found in decaying material as well
as those that utilize fermentation or respiration. Bacteria
that create their own energy, fueled by light or through
chemical reactions, are autotrophy.

15. Any Question ??