This document summarizes locomotion and reproduction in bacteria. It discusses three types of bacterial locomotion: flagellar motility which uses flagella for movement; spirochaetal movement where bacteria have axial filaments; and gliding movement where bacteria secrete substances and use fimbriae. Reproduction is discussed as vegetative reproduction through budding or fragmentation; asexual reproduction through binary fission; and sexual reproduction through transformation, transduction, or conjugation where bacteria exchange genetic material.

2. LOCOMOTION
&
REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA
Saira Mehar

3.  Locomotion.
1. Flagellar motility
2. Spirochaetal Movement
3. Gliding Movement
 Reproduction.
1. Vegetative reproduction
2. Sexual reproduction
3. Asexual reproduction

4.  1) Flagellar Movement.
 Caused by flagella&cell surface
appendages.
 Flagellum has typical
structure(s ring or Stator&Basal
body(hook) ).

5. M ring act like a Rotor(shaft).
 P&L act like a bearings or
bushers.
 Basal body powered by proton
energy-movement of ions b/w
M&S ring.

6.  Proton energy operates flagella into
clockwise&anti-clockwise direction.
 Bacteria can swim
smoothly,forward&reverse or
Tumbling.

7.  Peritrichously flagella move by
Tumbling&anti-clockwise
swimming.
 Polar flagella(mono,bi or
multiple) are present.

10. 1. salmonella.
2. Vibrio.
3. Spirillum.
4. Azospirillum.
5. Pseudomonas.

16.  Seen in`The Spirochetes’ of Bergey’s
Manual of Determinative
Bacteriology(group-5).
 Helical Bacteria.
 Flagella like axial filament burried
outer&inner membrane of cell wall.

17.  Axial filament composed of 2 or
more fibrils.
 They perform
flexing,swimming,creeping or
swimming type of movement.

18. 1. Spirochaeta.
2. Cristispira.
3. Treponema.
4. Borrelia.
5. Leptospira.

24.  Represented by `The Gliding
Bacteria’ group(2) of Bergey’s Manual
of Determinative Bacteriology.
 Do not have flagellar structures.
 Secrete slimy substances like
SNAILS.

25.  Mechanism.
 Fimbriae like appendages at the
poles of glider cell for locomotion.
 Generation of contractile waves.
 Surface tension.
 Pushing by secreted slime.

26. 1. Cyanobacterium
oscillatoria.
2. Cytophaga.
3. Polyangium.
4. Cystobacter.
5. Thioplaca.
6. Archangium.

30. 1. Chemotactic behavior and survival.
2. Root colonization.
3. Pathogenesis.
4. Motile versus Non-motile.

31.  Process by which organism
replicate themselves.

32. 1. Asexual reproductin:
2. Sexual reproduction:
3. Vegetative reproduction:

33.  Throug budding,fragmentation and Binary
fission.
▪ 1) Budding:
 Bud develops at one end of cell.
 Replication of Genome.
 Budd enlarges,become daughter cell
 Finally gets Separated from parent
cell.

35.  Through Gonidia>during
unfavourable condition bacterial
protoplasm undergo
compartmentalization.

36.  Under favourable condition bacterial
genome replicate and formed new
cell.
 Each gonidium grows to a new
bacterium.

37.  Cell divides into two similar
daughter cells.
 Bacterial chromosomes get
attached to cell membrane,replicate
to bacterial chromosome.

38. Cell enlarges>daughter
chromosomes separate>cross
wall formed>become two
daughter cells.
 Daughter cell grow to maturity
within 20-30 minutes during
favourable condition.

40. Takes place bye endospore
formation.

41. 1. Endospore formation
 Resting spore>formed in some gram
positive bacteria during unfavourable
condition.
 Part of protoplast become
concentrated arround chromosome.
 Hard resistance wall secreted arround
it.

42.  Rest of bacterial cell
degenerates.
 Endospore are very resistance
to extreme physical&chemical
conditions.

43.  During favourable
condition>spore wall
rupture>protoplasmic mass give
rise to new bacterium

45.  Occour in the form of Genetic
Recombination.
▪METHODS:
1. Transformation.
2. Transduction.
3. Conjugation.

46.  Bacterial transformation first
discovered by Griffith in 1928.
 the living cell picks up DNA that have
been released by dead cells.Thus,the
living cell gets additional DNA.

47.  Fragments of DNA are carried from one
bacterial cell to another by bacterial
viruses.
 Types.
1. Generalized transduction.
2. Specialized transduction.

50. ANY
QUESTION?