Bioenergetics and sports

1. BIOENERGETICS
Present By:
Mr. Mahesh Vala
MPED Scholar
Faculty of Physical Education and Sports
Science, Sadra
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2. List of content
 Introduction
 Metabolism
 Energy systems
 Processes involve into ATP production
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3. Introduction
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 Defination:
A dicipline of biochemistry that focuses on
energy transformation within living
organisms.
 Law of conservation of energy:
The energy can neither be created nor
destroyed-only converted from one form of
energy to another.
 Energy transformation in human

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In human body, Energy is measured in
calories.
1 calori: The amount of heat required to
raise
1 gram of water by 1℃.
 Chemical energy: Macro nutrients
Carbohydrate (4 Kcal/g)
Fats (9Kcal/g)
Proteins (4Kcal/g)

5. Metabolism
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Metabolism - ચયાપચય
 Catabolism – Breakdown, Complex
→Simple
 Anabolism – Synthesis, Simple → Complex
 Human body required energy in form of
ATP for normal functioning.

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 ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
 ADP: Adenosine diphosphate
 1 mole ATP : 7.3 Kcal

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 When ATP is combined with water (Hydrolysis)
the last phosphate group split away and
release energy and converted into ADP.

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 Now Replenish the limited store of ATP, a
chemical reaction called phosphorylation
add a phosphate group back to ADP to
create ATP.
 Energy pathways (Replenishing ATP)
 Phosphorylation with O2= Aerobic
metabolism.
 Phosphorylation without O2= Anaerobic
metabolism

9. Energy systems
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There are three separate energy system
through which ATP can be produced.
1) ATP PCr system
2) Anaerobic system
3) Aerobic system

10. ATP PCr system
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 Atp and creatine phosphate (phospho
creatine) make up the ATP-PCr system.
 ATP broken down and releasing energy and
ADP
 Now ADP combine with PCr and Rebuild ATP.

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 It work during first five second of excercise
with regardless of intensity. During this
time power output is greatest.
 If activity continues beyond this immediate
period the body must rely on nother
energy system.

12. Anaerobic glycolysis system
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 Lactic acid/ Fast glycolysis system
 Lysis means Breakdown.
 Anaerobic glycolysis provides energy by
the breakdown of glucose without using
oxygen.
 The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is
pyruvic acid.
 Because of absense of oxygen pyruvic
acid further converted into lactic acid.

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 Lactic acid – Cause of Fatigue.
 By about 30 seconds of sustained activity
the majority of energy comes from fast
glycolysis.
 At 45 seconds of sustained activity there
is second decline in power output and
body must rely on another system to
continue activity.

15. The oxydative system
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 There are four process to produce
ATP:
1) Slow glycolysis
2) Krebs cycle
3) Electron transport chain (ETC)
4) Beta oxidation

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1) Slow glycolysis
 It is exactly same process as fast
glycolysis.
 Metabolise glucose to form two ATPs.
 Difference is that the end product pyruvic
acid is converted into acetyl coenzyme-A
rather than lactic acid.

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2) Krebs cycle
 Cytricacid cycle
 Acetyl coenzyme A form by slow
glycolysis is further enters into krebs
cycle.
 And further chain of chemical reaction
process to form two more ATPs.

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3) Electron transport chain (ETC)
 Hydrogen produced in glycolysis and
krebs cycle would cause cells to become
too acidic.
 So, the hydrogen combined with two
coenzymes called NAD & FAD and it is
transported to ‘ETC’.
 Here, hydrogen broken down from NAD &
FAD and combined with oxygen and form
ATP and water and prevent acidification.

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4) β Oxidation
 Breakdown of fat is known as ‘lipolysis’.
 Fats breakdown into fatty acid and glycerol.
 This free fatty acid enters krebs cycle, They
must undergo a process of β Oxidation.
 β Oxidation convert fatty acid to acetyl
coenzyme-A and hydrogen.
 This byproduct further processed in krebs
cycle and ETC system to produce more ATP.

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