Discussion Board Instruction and Grading Guideline The discussion activity that is due may only be posted during the active week that it is assigned. No early postings or late postings will be accepted. Sharing information leads to new ideas, and the best way for us to learn is from each other. To that end, each module has an associated discussion forum. Post a response to each forum question, and start conversations with your peers. Points are earned for responding to each discussion forum and for replying to fellow participants. Though you will only earn points for up to two responses, we encourage you to keep an ongoing dialogue about the discussion topic. The purpose of the discussion forum is to generate conversation about relevant topics. Post your response to each discussion question no later than Thursday of each week, and respond to at least two other class members’ postings by the Sunday of the week. Please feel free to respond to more than two other postings. We encourage you to learn from each other! Do not post early – only post in the discussion boards during the active weeks. No early postings will be accepted. Note that no points will be earned for discussion responses posted after the week ends OR before the week begins. Discussion Board grades are based on the following rubric: Discussion Board Grading Element: Points · Deliver solid content in 300-350 words – deductions taken for shorter responses. · Remember that the restatement of the questions and the reference recap at the bottom of your postings do not count towards the word count requirement. · There is no penalty for going over 350-words. 11 · Use an authored outside reference beyond your textbook. Zero points given for non-authored web sources. It is okay/great to use your textbook, but I want to see more research beyond your text. You may use a brand web page too, but you still need an authored source too. · Recap your reference in APA format only at the bottom of your posting. Your reference must be clearly cited within your posting to count. Always provide the exact web site address in your recap of references for full credit. · Research always beyond the materials provided to ADD to the discussion. 5 Respond to two other student’s work by end of activity week (11:59 PM) - minimum 50-words (no outside references required) 4 Late Penalty · Discussion Board postings are not accepted after the week concludes. · The original posting is due on Thursday. Original postings are accepted late (after Thursday but still within the week assigned). If posted after Thursday, minus one point for Friday posting, minus 2 points for Saturday posting, and finally, minus 3 points for Sunday posting. · But in each of these cases the discussion is accepted.  Anastasia Kreiner  Week Three: Anastasia Kreiner COLLAPSE Top of Form Overall Rating: · 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 Your Rating: · 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 Chapter 5 Question 17: Suggest some cautions that an ind ...

1. Discussion Board Instruction and Grading Guideline
The discussion activity that is due may only be posted during
the active week that it is assigned. No early postings or late
postings will be accepted.
Sharing information leads to new ideas, and the best way for us
to learn is from each other. To that end, each module has an
associated discussion forum. Post a response to each forum
question, and start conversations with your peers. Points are
earned for responding to each discussion forum and for replying
to fellow participants. Though you will only earn points for up
to two responses, we encourage you to keep an ongoing
dialogue about the discussion topic. The purpose of the
discussion forum is to generate conversation about relevant
topics.
Post your response to each discussion question no later than
Thursday of each week, and respond to at least two other class
members’ postings by the Sunday of the week. Please feel free
to respond to more than two other postings. We encourage you
to learn from each other!
Do not post early – only post in the discussion boards during
the active weeks. No early postings will be accepted. Note that
no points will be earned for discussion responses posted after
the week ends OR before the week begins.
Discussion Board grades are based on the following rubric:
Discussion Board Grading Element:
Points
· Deliver solid content in 300-350 words – deductions taken for
shorter responses.
· Remember that the restatement of the questions and the
reference recap at the bottom of your postings do not count
towards the word count requirement.
· There is no penalty for going over 350-words.
11

2. · Use an authored outside reference beyond your textbook. Zero
points given for non-authored web sources. It is okay/great to
use your textbook, but I want to see more research beyond your
text. You may use a brand web page too, but you still need an
authored source too.
· Recap your reference in APA format only at the bottom of
your posting. Your reference must be clearly cited within your
posting to count. Always provide the exact web site address in
your recap of references for full credit.
· Research always beyond the materials provided to ADD to the
discussion.
5
Respond to two other student’s work by end of activity week
(11:59 PM) - minimum 50-words (no outside references
required)
4
Late Penalty
· Discussion Board postings are not accepted after the week
concludes.
· The original posting is due on Thursday. Original postings are
accepted late (after Thursday but still within the week
assigned). If posted after Thursday, minus one point for Friday
posting, minus 2 points for Saturday posting, and finally, minus
3 points for Sunday posting.
· But in each of these cases the discussion is accepted.
Anastasia Kreiner
Week Three: Anastasia Kreiner
COLLAPSE

3. Top of Form
Overall Rating:
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Your Rating:
· 1
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Chapter 5
Question 17: Suggest some cautions that an individual from a
relationship-oriented culture should bear in mind when dealing
with someone from an information-oriented culture.
If there is an individual from a relationship-oriented culture
working with someone from an information-oriented culture
they should keep in mind that information-oriented individuals
work very differently. Information-oriented cultures are more
likely to be lower-context, higher focus on individualism, have
a low power distance, bribery is less common, linguistic
directness, run on Monochronic time, prefer internet
communications, focus on the foreground and are all about
competition (Cateora, Money, Gilly, & Graham, 2020).
Question 19: Differentiate among the following: Bribery,
Extortion, Lubrication and Subornation
There are several types of money exchanges that can take place
legally and illegally for corporate or personal gain. To break
them down a bit, when money is offered to gain an unlawful
advantage over another person or company it is considered
bribery. Extortion is similar to bribery, but the difference lies in
if the money is offered or demanded. For it to be considered
extortion, the money is demanded to then obtain advantage.
Another form of bribery is called lubrication and involves small

4. amounts of money given as a gift or service. This typically will
take place with a lower-ranking person to quicken processing or
services. Similar to lubrication, subornation also typically
involves lower-ranking personal but is usually large amounts of
money. It also differs in that it typically is requiring a largely
illegal act (Cateora, Money, Gilly, & Graham, 2020).
Chapter 6
Question 10: Expropriation is considered a major risk of foreign
business. Discuss ways in which this particular type of risk can
be minimized somewhat as a result of company activities.
Explain how these risks have been minimized by the activities
of the US government.
Companies can agree to domesticate, sharing ownership, use
local content, enter into labor and management agreements or
share participation in export sales (Cateora, Money, Gilly, &
Graham, 2020). Essentially, getting ahead of the potential of
expropriation by working with the local government and letting
them participate in some capacity to keep them at bay and
contented with the relationship. It is also very expensive for
governments to completely take over a company and it is likely
that after the takeover the company will be run inefficiently as
well. The United States as assisted in minimizing the risks of
expropriation by demonstrating that by opening up the boarders
to external companies it gives the opportunity for economic
growth (Cateora, Money, Gilly, & Graham, 2020).
Question 16: Select a country and analyze it politically from a
marketing viewpoint.
Let us take look at Cuba from a marketing perspective. In this
country marketers need to be very conscientious of the current
political environment. Some things to consider are that it is a
communist country, woman do not have a lot of rights, the
population is largely Roman Catholic. All of these things can,
in and of themselves, be sensitive topics and if we put them all
in the same country, there needs to be some careful
consideration when looking at marketing strategies to ensure
that the campaign or advertisement will not be offensive to the

5. population. Additionally, brand awareness is very limited and as
an outsider there will be challenges. To that, it is important that
the marketer builds relationships there, takes the time to
establish their brand as well as be patient because it may take
some time to gain the trust and respect necessary for success
(Fitzgerald, Brennan, & Stokes, 2016).
In conclusion, as a marketer, it is so important to understand the
culture and current political environment of the country or area
that is being entered. There are immense risks that should be
considered when moving a company internationally and all
should be considered prior to the endeavor. Plans should be
established to mitigate the possible risks as much as possible.
Companies should be open to integrating the new culture into
the existing corporate culture to give themselves the best
advantage
Resources:
Cateora, P. R., Money, R. B., Gilly, M. C., & Graham, J. L.
(2020) International Marketing
(18th ed.) New York, NY: NcGraw Hill.
Fitzgerald, M., Brennan, J., & Stokes, R. (2016, June 2).
Understanding the Evolving Cuban Consumer. Retrieved March
25, 2020, from
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2016/globalization-
consumer-products-understanding-evolving-cuban-
consumer.aspx
Lindsay Detzler
Lindsay Detzler DB 2
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
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6. 17. Suggest some cautions that an individual from a
relationship-oriented culture should bear in mind when dealing
with someone from an information-oriented culture.
Information-oriented nations tend to have strong individualism
tendencies, coupled with low power distance and low context
inclinations, compared to relationship-oriented nations that have
high collectivism, power distance and context beliefs (Cateora,
Money, Gilly, and Graham, 2020, pg. 163). Given the vast
differences, it is important to note that information-oriented
cultures hold greater value in achieving a task, while
relationship-oriented cultures care more about long-standing
relations with the individuals involved (Kakade, 2016). This
said, when working with someone in an information-oriented
culture, one would need to complete work in a punctual manner,
be respectful of time, choose to avoid interruptions, and focus
on task completion and efficiency.
19. Differentiate among bribery, extortion, lubrication,
subornation.
Bribery is a willingly presented payment that aims to gain
improper advantage in return, while extortion regards financial
disbursement under coercion by an individual in power from a
person wishing to obtain what is legitimately owed (Cateora et
al., 2020, pg. 156). Further, lubrication describes a small
compensatory reward set to entice expedited services and
subornation involves offering extensive funds of money to an
official to execute illegal activities for the briber’s intended
gain (Cateora et al., 2020, pg. 156). Bruce Klaw, at the time, an
Assistant Professor of Law at Keimyung University in South
Korea, made interesting points regarding issues with the FCPA
in bribery and extortion. He states that the organization is
focused on the supply-side of the payer of the bribe, neglecting
the unethical recipient, as well as creates a situation that
encourages firm’s to remain silent when illegal behavior is

7. discovered internally, as firms who have openly shared such
findings were penalized (Klaw, 2012). Klaw went on to further
offer remedy to these shortcomings, including Congress to enact
stronger bribery payment requests disclosure requirements and
safe harboring those entities that willingly comply. As a means
to cease damaging bribery activity in international affairs,
providing adequate means of communicating the unjust
activities would surly mitigate reoccurring practice, as well as
discourage future entities to engage in the activities if they are
held responsible for receiving an unlawful payment.
10. Discuss ways in which expropriation can be minimized
somewhat as a result of company activities. Explain how these
risks have been minimized by the activities of the U.S.
government.
Per Philip Stansbury, the best practice for avoidance of
expropriation in foreign countries is to reduce the physical
presence of assets and ongoing activities under the alien
nation's authority (1990, pg. 678). Thus, maintaining most of
the equity within the home country would mitigate significant
risk of expropriation in a business venture. Stansbury further
suggests that patents, trademarks, copy rights, and other
intellectual property rights should be registered in the home
country, as well as in the intended operational country (1990,
pg. 681). Though some countries may not honor said
documentation, this does provide an additional level of
protection that can be taken to action in court proceedings.
Cornell Law School detail U.S. Code § 2370a Expropriation of
United States property which detail efforts the United States has
established in order to limit the risk of expropriation. If a nation
has expropriated the property of any United States person either
by nationalization, nullified contract, imposed discriminatory
taxes, or seized ownership and has not remedied the activity,
then the U.S will refuse funds made available by the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control Act. In

8. other words, the U.S. will not provide foreign investment to
countries that don’t play nicely with the U.S. entity.
16. Select a country and analyze it politically from a marketing
viewpoint.
According to www.theglobaleconomy.com, Australia
has maintained an average of 1 point in the political stability
index from 1996 to 2018. The website indicates that the score of
a -2.5 is deemed “weak” in political stability and 2.5 indicates
“strong” political stability. The world average in 2018 (based
on 195 countries), was -0.05. Based on this analysis, Australia
would be considered a safer foreign investment. Australia has
generally lower set-up costs and offers benefits including
preferable access to the Asia Pacific region and a time region
compatible with many established economies in matured
countries (Corrs Chambers Westgarth, 2019). Further, the
country appreciates foreign investment, as it generates
employment opportunities for its citizens and enriches its
abilities in new technologies (Corrs Chambers Westgarth,
2019). The Australian government is similar to that of the
Unites States’ in that foreign investment opportunities must be
in cooperation with Federal and State or Territory law (Corrs
Chambers Westgarth, 2019). Continued research further
supports the stable political environment that exists in
Australia.
Australia: Political stability. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Australia/wb_political_stab
ility/
Cateora, P. R., Money, R. B., Gilly, M. C., & Graham, J. L.
(2020) International Marketing. (18th ed.) New York, NY:
McGraw Hill.

9. Corrs Chambers Westgarth. (2019, February 7). Doing Business
in Australia 2019. Retrieved from
https://corrs.com.au/insights/doing-business-in-australia-2019
Kakade, M. (2016, March 11). Task Oriented vs. Relationship
Oriented Cultures. Retrieved from
https://manasikakade.com/blog/2015/04/decode-a-culture-task-
oriented-vs-relationship-oriented/
Klaw, B. (2012, August 27). A New Strategy For Preventing
Bribery And Extortion In International Business Transactions.
Retrieved from http://fcpaprofessor.com/a-new-strategy-for-
preventing-bribery-and-extortion-in-international-business-
transactions/
Stansbury, P. R. (1990). Planning Against Expropriation. The
International Lawyer, 24(3), 677–688. Retrieved from
https://www-jstor-org.cmich.idm.oclc.org/stable/40706448
William Tuominen
Bill Tuominen, Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Overall Rating:
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Your Rating:
· 1
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10. · 3
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· 5
Chapter 5 Questions:
17. Suggest some cautions that an individual from a
relationship-oriented culture should bear in mind when dealing
with someone from an information-oriented culture.
In dealing with individuals from information-oriented cultures,
a relationship-oriented person should remember that
information-oriented individuals are more competitive, a trait
often associated with Americans. They may deal with people
with linguistic directness, which is a trait of most Nordic
peoples. The personal viewpoint of information-oriented
cultures is more egalitarian and not concerned with power
distance, so they may have a tendency to correct facts or
disagree with superiors. Finally, they will often exhibit
monochronic time values and expect punctuality, which is a
cultural trait the British are known for, and have an
individualistic viewpoint, a trait often associated with
Australians. Marketing professionals who are emotionally
intelligent may have an advantage in dealing with other cultures
during their career. Lin, Chen, and Song (2012) wrote that being
aware of the need to increase cultural intelligence and
Emotional Intelligence can facilitate work adjustments and
interactions with foreigners.
19 Differentiate between bribery, extortion, lubrication, and
subornation. Bribery is the voluntary offer of payment or goods
for favorable treatment or an unlawful advantage. The goal of
extortion is the same - favorable treatment or an unfair
advantage, but that advantage is compelled by the extortionist
under duress or threat. Lubrication involves a small amount of
cash or a gift to a low ranking individual to persuade that
individual to expedite or facilitate a normal bureaucratic or
administrative process. Subornation involves large amounts of
money to commit given to a person of authority to commit an

11. illegal act or neglect their duty or responsibility. An example
would be a high-ranking customs official changing inspection
schedules for goods being imported from a specific nation or
importer.
Chapter 6 Questions
16: Select a country and analyze it politically from a marketing
viewpoint.
Finland is a Nordic country of approximately 5.5 million people
and a population density of 18 per square kilometer, the lowest
of any European union state. It has a well-educated populace
that has two official languages, Finn and Swedish, and very
well developed public health and education systems. The
Finnish per capita GDP shrunk to 51,252 Euro in the first
quarter of 2020, down from a high of 51,667 in July of
2019 (Observatory of Economic Complexity, n.d)., making GDP
income in Finland on par with the United States.
The Finnish government is a Republic governed under a
parliamentary democracy where elected leaders are directly
elected every four years. The Finnish government is stable, and
Finnish politics are generally pragmatic and trade-friendly.
Finland abides by all European Union and World Trade
Organization regulations concerning trade.
Market conditions are marked by relative stability, but slow
growth (Observatory of Economic Complexity, n.d). Finland’s
imports have decreased at an annual rate of 1.7% during the
past 5 years. Those imports were primarily crude oil,
machinery, and automobiles. Finland has a modern and robust
transportation network, as well as a world-class communications
network.
Finally, Finland has the 8th most complex economy in the
world, as ranked by the Observatory of Economic Complexity.
1. Write a political analysis highlighting potential problem
areas for a company interested in investing in Italy.
Italian politics have been marked by instability since World
War II. One of the most infamous scandals was the “clean
hands” operation in the early 1990’s which exposed corruption

12. at the highest level of the Italian government. Italy still has the
highest corruption index of any of the original European Union
states, and is currently guided by a nationalistic-leaning party
majority, even though the Prime Minister is a noted populist
(British Broadcasting Corporation, n.d) Political problems that
are a risk to trade are the high level of corruption, the
nationalistic-leanings of the current government, the threat of
early elections, and the effect that increased benefits and higher
taxes, a goal of the current Prime Minister, would have on per
capita income and trade balance.
References
Lin, Y-C., Chen, A., and Song, Y-C, (2012), Does your
intelligence help to survive in
a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotio
nal intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment, International
Journal of Cultural Relations, Vol 36, pg 541-552British
Broadcasting Corporation, Italy Country Profile,
(n.d.), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17433142
The Observatory of Economic Complexity, Economic Data,
Finland, (n.d.) https://oec.world/en/profile/country/fin/Trading
Economics, Finland GDP
Constant Prices,(n.d.) https://tradingeconomics.com/finland/gdp
-constant-prices
Shine with Facts about Finland, (n.d.), https://finland.fi/facts-
stats-and-info/finland-in-facts/
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