This document discusses emotional intelligence and its components. Emotional intelligence is defined as a multifactorial array of interrelated emotional, personal, and social abilities that help cope with daily demands. It is comprised of intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, adaptability, and stress management abilities. The intrapersonal realm concerns self-awareness and self-management skills like emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, independence, self-regard, and self-actualization. The interpersonal realm involves skills like empathy, social responsibility, and relationship management. Adaptability includes problem-solving, reality testing, flexibility, stress tolerance, and impulse control. Developing emotional intelligence helps improve how people understand and manage their emotions.

1. EmotionalEmotional
IntelligenceIntelligence
““EI is a multifactorial array of interrelatedEI is a multifactorial array of interrelated
emotional,emotional,
personal, and social abilities that help us cope withpersonal, and social abilities that help us cope with
daily demands”daily demands”
Ciarrochi J.et.al.Ciarrochi J.et.al.

2. KECERDASANKECERDASAN
EMOSIEMOSI
EIEI // EQEQ
INTRAPERSONALINTRAPERSONAL
INTERPERSONAL
INTERPERSONAL
ADAPTABILITY
ADAPTABILITY
STRESS MANAGEMENT
STRESS MANAGEMENT
GENERALMOOD
GENERALMOOD
HAPPINESSHAPPINESS
OPTIMISMOPTIMISM
EM
OTIONAL
SELF
AW
ARENESS
EM
OTIONAL
SELF
AW
ARENESS
ASSERTIVENESS
ASSERTIVENESS
INDEPENDENT
INDEPENDENT
SELF
REGARD
SELF
REGARD
SELFACTUALIZATION
SELFACTUALIZATION
EMPATHYEMPATHY
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
REALITY TESTING
REALITY TESTING
FLEXIBILITY
FLEXIBILITY
PROBLEM
PROBLEMSOLVING
SOLVING
STRESS
STRESSTOLERENCE
TOLERENCE
IMPULSE
IMPULSECONTROL
CONTROL
11
22
33
44
55

3. Emotional Quotion ComponentsEmotional Quotion Components
• I nt rapers onalI nt rapers onal
I.I. Emotional Self AwarenessEmotional Self Awareness
ii.ii. AssertivenessAssertiveness
iii.iii. IndependenceIndependence
iv.iv. Self RegardSelf Regard
v.v. Self ActualizationSelf Actualization
• I nt erpers onalI nt erpers onal
I.I. EmpathyEmpathy
ii.ii. Social ResponsibilitySocial Responsibility
iii.iii. Interpersonal RelationshipsInterpersonal Relationships

4. • The Adapt abi l i t yThe Adapt abi l i t y
• Problem SolvingProblem Solving
• Reality TestingReality Testing
• FlexibilityFlexibility
• The St res s ManagementThe St res s Management
i.i. Stress ToleranceStress Tolerance
ii.ii. Impulse Control.Impulse Control.
• The General MoodThe General Mood
i.i. HappinessHappiness
ii.ii. OptimismOptimism

5. 1.1. THE INTRAPERSONAL REALMTHE INTRAPERSONAL REALM
This realm of emotional intelligence concernsThis realm of emotional intelligence concerns
what we generally refer to as the “inner self”.what we generally refer to as the “inner self”.
It determines how in touch with your feelingsIt determines how in touch with your feelings
you are, how good you feel about yourself andyou are, how good you feel about yourself and
about what you’re doing in life.about what you’re doing in life.
Success in this area means that you are ableSuccess in this area means that you are able
to express your feelings, live and workto express your feelings, live and work
independently, feel strong, and have confidenceindependently, feel strong, and have confidence
in expressing your ideas and beliefs.in expressing your ideas and beliefs.

6. i.i. Emotional Self-AwarenessEmotional Self-Awareness
Definition:Definition:
The ability to recognize your feelings and toThe ability to recognize your feelings and to
differentiate between them, to know what you aredifferentiate between them, to know what you are
feeling and why and to know what caused the feelings.feeling and why and to know what caused the feelings.
Serious deficiencies in this area are found in those withSerious deficiencies in this area are found in those with
alexithymia (the inability to express feelings verbally).alexithymia (the inability to express feelings verbally).
Kemampuan untuk menyedari dan memahami emosi diri.Kemampuan untuk menyedari dan memahami emosi diri.

7. ii.ii. AssertivenessAssertiveness
Definition:Definition:
Assertiveness is composed of three basic components: (1) theAssertiveness is composed of three basic components: (1) the
ability to express feelings (for example, to accept and expressability to express feelings (for example, to accept and express
anger, warmth and sexual feelings); (2) the ability to expressanger, warmth and sexual feelings); (2) the ability to express
beliefs and thoughts openly (being able to voice opinions,beliefs and thoughts openly (being able to voice opinions,
disagree and take a definite stand, even if it is emotionallydisagree and take a definite stand, even if it is emotionally
difficult to do so and even if you have something to lose by doingdifficult to do so and even if you have something to lose by doing
so); and (3) the ability to stand up for personal rights (notso); and (3) the ability to stand up for personal rights (not
allowing others to bother you or take advantage of you).allowing others to bother you or take advantage of you).
Assertive people are not over-controlled or shy – they are able toAssertive people are not over-controlled or shy – they are able to
express their feelings (often directly) without being aggressive orexpress their feelings (often directly) without being aggressive or
abusive.abusive.
Kemampuan melahirkan emosi diri secara konstruktif.Kemampuan melahirkan emosi diri secara konstruktif.

9. iii.iii. IndependenceIndependence
Definition:Definition:
The ability to be self-directed and self-controlled in yourThe ability to be self-directed and self-controlled in your
thinking and actions and to be free of emotional dependency.thinking and actions and to be free of emotional dependency.
Independent people are self-reliant in planning and makingIndependent people are self-reliant in planning and making
the right decision for themselves in the end; consulting othersthe right decision for themselves in the end; consulting others
is not necessarily a sign of dependency. Independent peopleis not necessarily a sign of dependency. Independent people
are able to function autonomously – they avoid clinging toare able to function autonomously – they avoid clinging to
others in order to satisfy their emotional needs. The ability toothers in order to satisfy their emotional needs. The ability to
be independent rests on one’s degree of self-confidence andbe independent rests on one’s degree of self-confidence and
inner strength and the desire to meet expectations andinner strength and the desire to meet expectations and
obligations without becoming a slave to them.obligations without becoming a slave to them.
Kemampuan untuk berdikari, dan tidak bergantung secaraKemampuan untuk berdikari, dan tidak bergantung secara
emosi kepada orang lain.emosi kepada orang lain.

10. iv.iv. Self-regardSelf-regard
Definition:Definition:
The ability to respect and accept yourself as basically good. Respecting yourselfThe ability to respect and accept yourself as basically good. Respecting yourself
as essentially liking the way you are. Self-regard is the ability to appreciateas essentially liking the way you are. Self-regard is the ability to appreciate
your perceived positive aspects and possibilities as well as to accept youryour perceived positive aspects and possibilities as well as to accept your
negative aspects and limitations and still feel good about yourself. It’s knowingnegative aspects and limitations and still feel good about yourself. It’s knowing
your strengths and weaknesses, and liking yourself, “warts and all.” Thisyour strengths and weaknesses, and liking yourself, “warts and all.” This
conceptual component of emotional intelligence is associated with generalconceptual component of emotional intelligence is associated with general
feelings of security, inner strength, self-assuredness, self-confidence andfeelings of security, inner strength, self-assuredness, self-confidence and
feelings of self-adequacy. Feeling sure of oneself is dependent upon self-respectfeelings of self-adequacy. Feeling sure of oneself is dependent upon self-respect
and self-esteem, which are based on fairly well-developed sense of identity.and self-esteem, which are based on fairly well-developed sense of identity.
People with good self-regard feel fulfilled and satisfied with themselves. At thePeople with good self-regard feel fulfilled and satisfied with themselves. At the
opposite end of the continuum are feelings of personal inadequacy andopposite end of the continuum are feelings of personal inadequacy and
inferiority.inferiority.
Kemampuan menerima dan menghormati diri dengan tepat.Kemampuan menerima dan menghormati diri dengan tepat.

11. V.V. Self-actualizationSelf-actualization
Definition:Definition:
The ability to realize your potential capacities. This component ofThe ability to realize your potential capacities. This component of
emotional intelligence is manifested by becoming involved inemotional intelligence is manifested by becoming involved in
pursuits that lead to a meaningful, rich and full life. Striving topursuits that lead to a meaningful, rich and full life. Striving to
actualize your potential involves developing enjoyable andactualize your potential involves developing enjoyable and
meaningful activities and can mean in lifelong effort and anmeaningful activities and can mean in lifelong effort and an
enthusiastic commitment to long-term goals. Self-actualization is anenthusiastic commitment to long-term goals. Self-actualization is an
ongoing, dynamic process of striving toward the maximumongoing, dynamic process of striving toward the maximum
development of your abilities and talents, of persistently trying to dodevelopment of your abilities and talents, of persistently trying to do
your best and improve yourself in general. Excitement about youryour best and improve yourself in general. Excitement about your
interests energizes and motivates you to continue the interests. Self-interests energizes and motivates you to continue the interests. Self-
actualization is affiliated with feelings of self-satisfaction.actualization is affiliated with feelings of self-satisfaction.
Berkemampuan dan bersemangat untuk mencapai matlamat danBerkemampuan dan bersemangat untuk mencapai matlamat dan
melahirkan potensi diri.melahirkan potensi diri.

12. 2.2. THE INTERPERSONAL REALMTHE INTERPERSONAL REALM
This realm of emotional intelligence concerns what are knownThis realm of emotional intelligence concerns what are known
as people skills. Those who function well in this area tend to beas people skills. Those who function well in this area tend to be
responsible and dependable. They understand, interact with andresponsible and dependable. They understand, interact with and
relate well to others in a variety of situations. They inspire trustrelate well to others in a variety of situations. They inspire trust
and function well as part of a team.and function well as part of a team.

13. i.i. EmpathyEmpathy
Definition:Definition:
The ability to be aware of, to understand and toThe ability to be aware of, to understand and to
appreciate the feelings and thoughts of others.appreciate the feelings and thoughts of others.
Empathy is “tuning in” (being sensitive) to what, howEmpathy is “tuning in” (being sensitive) to what, how
and why people feel and think the way they do. Beingand why people feel and think the way they do. Being
empathic means being able to “emotionally read” otherempathic means being able to “emotionally read” other
people. Empathic people care about others and showpeople. Empathic people care about others and show
interest in and concern for them.interest in and concern for them.
Kemampuan untuk menyedari dan memahami perasaan orangKemampuan untuk menyedari dan memahami perasaan orang
lain.lain.

14. ii.ii. Social ResponsibilitySocial Responsibility
Definition:Definition:
The ability to demonstrate that you are a cooperative,The ability to demonstrate that you are a cooperative,
contributing and constructive member of your socialcontributing and constructive member of your social
group. This component of emotional intelligencegroup. This component of emotional intelligence
involves acting in a responsible manner, even thoughinvolves acting in a responsible manner, even though
you might not benefit personally, doing things for andyou might not benefit personally, doing things for and
with others, accepting others, acting in accordance withwith others, accepting others, acting in accordance with
your conscience and upholding social rules. Sociallyyour conscience and upholding social rules. Socially
responsible people have social consciousness and aresponsible people have social consciousness and a
basic concern for others, which is manifested by beingbasic concern for others, which is manifested by being
able to take on community-oriented responsibilities.able to take on community-oriented responsibilities.
They possess interpersonal sensitivity and are able toThey possess interpersonal sensitivity and are able to
accept others and use their talents for the good of theaccept others and use their talents for the good of the
collective, not just the self. People who are deficient incollective, not just the self. People who are deficient in
this ability may entertain antisocial attitudes, actthis ability may entertain antisocial attitudes, act
abusively toward others and take advantage of others.abusively toward others and take advantage of others.
Kemampuan mengenalpasti tanggungjawab sosial dan merasaiKemampuan mengenalpasti tanggungjawab sosial dan merasai
sebahagian daripada ahli masyarakat.sebahagian daripada ahli masyarakat.

15. iii. Interpersonal Relationshipsiii. Interpersonal Relationships
Definition:Definition:
The ability to establish and maintain mutually satisfying relation
ships that are characterized by intimacy and by giving and
receiving affection .Mutual satisfaction includes meaningful social
interchanges that are potentially rewarding and enjoyable and
characterized by give and take. Positive interpersonal relationship
skill is characterized by sensitivity toward toward others. This
component of emotional intelligence is not only associated with
the desire to cultivate friendly relationships with others but with
the ability to feel at ease and comfortable in such relations and to
possess positive expectations concerning social intercourse.
Kemampuan untuk berhubung baik dengan orang lain.Kemampuan untuk berhubung baik dengan orang lain.

16. 3.3. THE ADAPTABILITY REALMTHE ADAPTABILITY REALM
This realm of emotional intelligence concerns your ability to sizeThis realm of emotional intelligence concerns your ability to size
in and respond to a wide range of difficult situations. Success inin and respond to a wide range of difficult situations. Success in
this area means that you can grasp problems and devise effectivethis area means that you can grasp problems and devise effective
solutions, deal with and resolve family issues and meet conflictssolutions, deal with and resolve family issues and meet conflicts
within your social group and in the workplace.within your social group and in the workplace.

17. i. Problem –Solvingi. Problem –Solving
DefinitionDefinition
The ability to identify and define problems as well to generate and implementThe ability to identify and define problems as well to generate and implement
potentially effective solutions. Problem-solving is multiphasic in nature andpotentially effective solutions. Problem-solving is multiphasic in nature and
includes the ability to go through a process of (1) sensing a problem and feelingincludes the ability to go through a process of (1) sensing a problem and feeling
confident and motivated to deal with it effectively; (2) defining and formulatingconfident and motivated to deal with it effectively; (2) defining and formulating
the problems as clearly as possible (e.g., gathering relevant information; (3)the problems as clearly as possible (e.g., gathering relevant information; (3)
generating as many solutions as many as possible (e.g., brainstorming); (4)generating as many solutions as many as possible (e.g., brainstorming); (4)
making a decision to implement one of the solutions (e.g., weighing the prosmaking a decision to implement one of the solutions (e.g., weighing the pros
and cons of each possible solution and choosing the best course of action); (5)and cons of each possible solution and choosing the best course of action); (5)
assesing the outcome of the implement solution; and (6) repeating this processassesing the outcome of the implement solution; and (6) repeating this process
if the problem still exists. Problem-solving is associated with beingif the problem still exists. Problem-solving is associated with being
conscientious, disciplined, methodical and systematic in perservering andconscientious, disciplined, methodical and systematic in perservering and
approaching problems. This skill is also linked to a desire to do one’s best andapproaching problems. This skill is also linked to a desire to do one’s best and
to confront problems,rather than avoid them.to confront problems,rather than avoid them.
Kemampuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah personal danKemampuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah personal dan
interpersonal.interpersonal.

18. ii.ii. Reality TestingReality Testing
Definition:Definition:
The ability to assess the correspondence between what’s experienced and whatThe ability to assess the correspondence between what’s experienced and what
objectively exists. Reality testing involves “ tuning in” to the immediate Situation.objectively exists. Reality testing involves “ tuning in” to the immediate Situation.
It is the capacity to see things objectively, the way they are, rather then the wayIt is the capacity to see things objectively, the way they are, rather then the way
we wish or fear them to be. Testing this degree of correspondence involves awe wish or fear them to be. Testing this degree of correspondence involves a
search for objective evidence to confirm, justify and support feelings, perceptionssearch for objective evidence to confirm, justify and support feelings, perceptions
and thoughts. The empasis is on pragmatism, objectively, the adequacy of yourand thoughts. The empasis is on pragmatism, objectively, the adequacy of your
perceptionAnd authentication of your ideas and thoughts. An important aspect ofperceptionAnd authentication of your ideas and thoughts. An important aspect of
this component involves the ability to concentrate and focus when trying to assessthis component involves the ability to concentrate and focus when trying to assess
and cope with situations that arise. Reality testing is associated with a lack ofand cope with situations that arise. Reality testing is associated with a lack of
withdrawal from the outside world, a tuning in to the immediate situation andwithdrawal from the outside world, a tuning in to the immediate situation and
lucidity and clarity in perception and thought processes. In simple terms, realitylucidity and clarity in perception and thought processes. In simple terms, reality
testing is the ability to accurately “size up” the immediate situation.testing is the ability to accurately “size up” the immediate situation.
Kemampuan mengesahkan secara objektif perasaanKemampuan mengesahkan secara objektif perasaan
dan pemikiran kita.dan pemikiran kita.

19. iii.iii. FlexibilityFlexibility
DefinitionDefinition
The ability to adjust your emotions, thoughts and behavior to changingThe ability to adjust your emotions, thoughts and behavior to changing
situations and conditions. This component of emotional intelligence applies tosituations and conditions. This component of emotional intelligence applies to
your overall ability to adapt to unfamiliar , unpredictable and dynamicyour overall ability to adapt to unfamiliar , unpredictable and dynamic
circumstances. Flexible people are agile, synergistic and capable of reacting tocircumstances. Flexible people are agile, synergistic and capable of reacting to
change, without rigidity. This people are able to change their minds whenchange, without rigidity. This people are able to change their minds when
evidence suggests that they are mistaken. They are generally open to andevidence suggests that they are mistaken. They are generally open to and
tolerant of different ideas, orientations, ways and practices. Their capacity totolerant of different ideas, orientations, ways and practices. Their capacity to
shift thoughts and behaviors is not arbitrary or whimsical, but rather inshift thoughts and behaviors is not arbitrary or whimsical, but rather in
concern with shifting feedback they are getting from their environment.concern with shifting feedback they are getting from their environment.
Individuals who lack this capacity tend to be rigid and obstinate.They adaptIndividuals who lack this capacity tend to be rigid and obstinate.They adapt
poorly to new situations and have little capacity to take advantage of newpoorly to new situations and have little capacity to take advantage of new
opportunities.opportunities.
Kemampuan untuk menyerap dan mengubahsuaiKemampuan untuk menyerap dan mengubahsuai
perasaan dan pemikiran kita terhadap situasi yangperasaan dan pemikiran kita terhadap situasi yang
baru.baru.

20. • THE STRESS MANAGEMENT REALMTHE STRESS MANAGEMENT REALM
This realm of emotional intelligence concern yourThis realm of emotional intelligence concern your
ability to withstand stress without caving in, fallingability to withstand stress without caving in, falling
apart, losing control or going under. Success inapart, losing control or going under. Success in
this area means that you are usually calm, rarelythis area means that you are usually calm, rarely
impulsive and cope well under pressure. In theimpulsive and cope well under pressure. In the
workplace, the skills are vital if you customarily faceworkplace, the skills are vital if you customarily face
tight deadlines or must juggle many demands ontight deadlines or must juggle many demands on
your time. At home, they enable you toyour time. At home, they enable you to
simultaneously maintain a busy household and besimultaneously maintain a busy household and be
mindful of your physical health.mindful of your physical health.

21. i.i. Stress ToleranceStress Tolerance
DefinitionDefinition
The ability to withstand adverse events and stressful situations withoutThe ability to withstand adverse events and stressful situations without
falling apart by actively and positively coping with stress.This ability isfalling apart by actively and positively coping with stress.This ability is
based on (1)A capacity to choose the courses of action for dealingbased on (1)A capacity to choose the courses of action for dealing
with stress (being resourceful and effective, being able to come up withwith stress (being resourceful and effective, being able to come up with
sutable methods, knowing what to do and how to do it.(2) An optimisticsutable methods, knowing what to do and how to do it.(2) An optimistic
disposition toward new experiences and change in general and towarddisposition toward new experiences and change in general and toward
your own ability to successfully overcome the specific problem at hand andyour own ability to successfully overcome the specific problem at hand and
(3) A feeling that you can control or influence the stressful situation by(3) A feeling that you can control or influence the stressful situation by
staying calm and Maintaining control. Stress tolerance includes having astaying calm and Maintaining control. Stress tolerance includes having a
repertoire of suitable responses to stressful situations. It ia associated withrepertoire of suitable responses to stressful situations. It ia associated with
the capacity to be relaxed and composed and to calmly face difficultiesthe capacity to be relaxed and composed and to calmly face difficulties
without getting carried away by strong emotions.without getting carried away by strong emotions.
Kemampuan mengendalikan emosi denganKemampuan mengendalikan emosi dengan berkesan.berkesan.

22. People who have good strees tolerance tend to face crisesPeople who have good strees tolerance tend to face crises
and problems rether then surrendering to feeling ofand problems rether then surrendering to feeling of
helplessness and hopelessness. Anxiety, which often resultshelplessness and hopelessness. Anxiety, which often results
when this component is not functioning adequately, haswhen this component is not functioning adequately, has
and ill effect on general performance because itand ill effect on general performance because it
contributes to poor concentration, difficulty in makingcontributes to poor concentration, difficulty in making
decisions and somatic problems such as sleep disturbance.decisions and somatic problems such as sleep disturbance.

23. ii.ii. Impulse ControlImpulse Control
The ability to resist or delay an impulse, drive orThe ability to resist or delay an impulse, drive or
temptation to act. Impulse control entails atemptation to act. Impulse control entails a
capacity for accepting your aggressive impulses,capacity for accepting your aggressive impulses,
being composed and controlling aggression,being composed and controlling aggression,
hostility and irresponsible behavior. Problems inhostility and irresponsible behavior. Problems in
impulse control are manifested by lowimpulse control are manifested by low
frustration tolerance, impulsiveness, angerfrustration tolerance, impulsiveness, anger
control problems, abusiveness, loss of self controlcontrol problems, abusiveness, loss of self control
and explosive and unpredictable behavior.and explosive and unpredictable behavior.
Kemampuan untuk mengawal emosi.Kemampuan untuk mengawal emosi.

24. 5.5. THE GENERAL MOOD REALMTHE GENERAL MOOD REALM
This realm of emotional intelligence concerns your outlook onThis realm of emotional intelligence concerns your outlook on
life, your ability to enjoy yourself and others and your overalllife, your ability to enjoy yourself and others and your overall
feelings of contentment or dissatisfactionsfeelings of contentment or dissatisfactions

25. i.i. Happiness.Happiness.
The ability to feel satisfied with your life, to enjoy yourThe ability to feel satisfied with your life, to enjoy your
self and others and to have fun. Happiness combines self-self and others and to have fun. Happiness combines self-
satisfaction, general contentment and the ability to enjoysatisfaction, general contentment and the ability to enjoy
life. Happy people often feel good and ease in both worklife. Happy people often feel good and ease in both work
and leisure; they are able to “let their hair down” andand leisure; they are able to “let their hair down” and
enjor opportunities for having fun. Happiness isenjor opportunities for having fun. Happiness is
associated with a general feeling of cheerfulness andassociated with a general feeling of cheerfulness and
enthusiasm. It is a by-product and/or barometricenthusiasm. It is a by-product and/or barometric
indicator of your overall degree of emotional intelligenceindicator of your overall degree of emotional intelligence
and emotional functioning. A person who demonstrates aand emotional functioning. A person who demonstrates a
low degree of this component may possess symptoms oflow degree of this component may possess symptoms of
depression, such as atendency to worry, uncertaintydepression, such as atendency to worry, uncertainty
about the future, social withdrawal, lackmof drive,about the future, social withdrawal, lackmof drive,
depressive thoughts, feelings of guilt, dissatisfaction withdepressive thoughts, feelings of guilt, dissatisfaction with
life and, in extreme cases, suicidal thoughts and behavior.life and, in extreme cases, suicidal thoughts and behavior.

26. ii.ii. Optimism.Optimism.
The ability to look at the brighter side ofThe ability to look at the brighter side of
life and to maintain a positive attitudelife and to maintain a positive attitude
even in the face of adversity. Optisismeven in the face of adversity. Optisism
assumes a measure of hope in one’sassumes a measure of hope in one’s
approach to life. It is a positive approachapproach to life. It is a positive approach
to daily living. Optisism is the opposite ofto daily living. Optisism is the opposite of
pessimism, which is a common symtompessimism, which is a common symtom
of depression.of depression.