This Presentation is about Earthquake and resistant structure.

1. KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CE6701- STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING
SUBMITTED BY:
I.LYDIA
IV/CIVIL

2. INTRODUCTION
• Earthquake is one of the most serious disaster of
nature
• If we will go through the recent past we can know the
consequences of earthquake in India
• The catastrophic effect of “Bhuj and Assam
earthquake” is still unforgettable.

3. Beside this many more catastrophic earthquake had occurred
in India.

4. NAME OF
THE PLACE
YEAR
RATE/INTE
NSITY
NUMBER
OF DEATH
1.CUTCH 1819 8.3 1500
2.KANGRA 1905 8.6 1900
3.KILLARI 1993 6.4 7928
4.QUETTA 1935 7.6 30000
5.BIHAR -
NEPAL
1934 8.4 11000
6.BHUJ 2001 7.75 13805
7.BIHAR-
NEPAL
1988 6.6 1004

5. DEFINITION AND CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE
• An earthquake is the shaking
of the surface of the earth,
resulting from the sudden
release of energy in the earth
lithosphere that creates
seismic waves.
Main causes:
• It happens due to sudden
movement of earth’s crust or
volcanic eruption.

6. FACTAOR AFFECTING THE SETTLEMENT
OF THE BUILDING DURING EARTH QUAKE
STRUCTURAL HEIGHT AND LOAD OF THE BUILDING.
LATERAL STRENGTH OF THE BUILDING
ADEQUATED STIFFNESS OF THE STRUCTURE.
DUCTILITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF THE BUILDING.
 TYPE OF THE SOIL ON WHICH THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED.
ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN.
NO CONNECTION OF WYTHES (EXTERNAL VERTICAL WALLS).
USE OF LESS EFFECTIVE MORTAR AND POROUS BRICKS.

8. DESIGNING OF SEISMIC
RESISTANT BUILDING
• By making masonry
building square shaped
,the seismic resistance can
improved.
• The length of the wall
should not more.

9. • A specific gap should provided at
the joints of the building to prevent
the collision between the walls
during earthquake.
• Providing horizontal bands in the
building by which it acts as a
single unit during earthquake and
increases tensile strength of the
building

10. • Making the building’s own weight as less as possible by
using light weight construction materials.

11. Strength hierarchy should be followed as:- strength of
beam< strength of column <strength of foundation.

12. • No gap should remain in between the slabs, columns and
beams.
• Less porous brick and good quality of mortar should be
use in wall construction.

13. • As the seismic load acts more on
the lower part of the building so we
should make the lower part more
strong as compare to the upper
part.
• The column should be long to avoid
short-column effect .

14. WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT THIS BUILDING
IN JAPAN?
Designing Earthquake-Resistant
Infrastructure
New infrastructure can be specially
designed to withstand strong tremors by
making use of the latest technology.

15. Shock absorbers
(base isolators)
absorb tremors
of earthquakes
Cross -bracing
Reinforce walls
using two steel
beams
Shear walls
(concrete walls
with steel bars
in them) to
reduce rocking
movements

16. CASE STUDY
• On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52nd
Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch
district of the state of Gujarat. The earthquake was felt as far
away as Delhi in the north, Kolkata in the east and Chennai in
the south.
• Bhuj town and the village Bhachau, 60 km east of Bhuj, were
the worst affected and many other areas of Gujarat including its
state headquarters Ahmedabad, were badly affected The
earthquake devastated the Bhuj and nearby regions of Gujarat
causing extensive loss of life and property.

17. DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
• There were more than 20,000 deaths and 167,000 people
injured
• • Four districts of Gujarat lay in ruin and altogether, 21
districts were affected • Around 300,000 families and at least 3
million children aged 14 and under were affected.
• • Around 600,000 people were left homeless.
• • In the city of Bhuj, more than 3,000 inhabitants of the city
lost their lives; the main hospital was crushed and close to 90%
of the buildings was destroyed.
• • There was significant damage to infrastructure with facilities
such as hospitals, schools, electric power and water systems,

18. 40 to 50 high-rise buildings
crumbled

19. LOCAL RESPONSE
The response within India was immediate. The national
and state governments quickly provided assistance in
many forms including cash, medical supplies,
communications teams, shelters, food, clothing,
transport and relief workers. There were more than 185
non-government organizations (NGOs), mostly Indian
charities, which undertook earthquake related activities

20. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
Search and Rescue teams soon arrived from
Switzerland, United Kingdom, Russia and Turkey to find
and rescue survivors buried under debris. Relief teams
and supplies soon followed from 38 countries as well as
United Nations agencies and many international NGOs
such as the Red Cross

21. THANK YOU!!!