INT 1010 06-4.pdf

Introduction to Information Technology
6.4. Networking & Communications: Internet Connections
INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
1
06.4
Networking & Communications:
Internet Connections

2
Introduction Network
Basics
Resources in
Networks
Internet
Connections
Network
trends
Network
Security
Summary

3
Home and Small
Office Internet
Connections
Business Internet
Connections
Internet
Vocabulary
Internet
Connections
Internet Access
Technologies

4
Internet
Access
Technologies
Networking &
Communications

5
There is a wide range of approaches to associate
users and associations with the Internet.
Home clients (telecommuters) and workplaces
regularly require an association with an Internet
Service Provider (ISP) to access the Internet.
Association alternatives change significantly
among ISP and topographical areas.
Notwithstanding, companies incorporate a
broadband link, broadband computerized
endorser line (DSL), remote WANs, and
versatile administrations.

6
Associations commonly expect access to
other corporate destinations and the
Internet.
Quick associations are required to help
business administrations, including IP
telephones, video conferencing, and server
farm stockpiling.
Business-class interconnections are normally
given by specialist organizations (SP).
Well-known business-class administrations
incorporate business DSL, rented lines, and
Metro Ethernet.

7
Home and Small
Office Internet
Connections
Business Internet
Connections
Internet
Vocabulary
Internet
Connections
Internet Access
Technologies

8
Home and Small
Office Internet
Connections
Networking &
Communications

9
Regular connection choices for small
office and home office users:
• Cable: Typically offered by digital TV
specialist co-ops, the Internet
information signal is carried on a similar
link that conveys satellite TV. It gives a
high transmission capacity, consistently
on, association with the Internet.
• DSL: Digital Subscriber Lines gives a
high data transmission, consistently on,
association with the Internet. DSL runs
over a phone line when all is said in
done, small office and home office
clients associate utilizing Asymmetrical
DSL (ADSL), which implies that the
download speed is quicker than the
upload speed.

10
• Cellular: For a Cell phone network to connect, it
utilizes cellular internet access. Any place you can get
a phone signal, you can get cell Internet. Execution
will be restricted by the telephone's abilities and the
cell tower to which it is associated. The fourth
generation of broadband cellular network technology
is 4G, which most people are familiar with because it
is on smartphones. 5G is upcoming and expected to be
faster than and succeed 4G by 100 times, which will
have the ability to transmit a lot more data at a much
faster pace than 4G.
• Satellite: Internet access through satellite is
a genuine advantage in those territories that
would somehow or another have no
Internet availability by any means. Satellite
dishes require a clear line of sight to the
satellite.

11
• Dial-up telephone: An economical choice that
utilizes any telephone line and a modem. The
low transmission capacity supported by a dial-
up modem association is normally not
adequate for huge information transfer.
However, it is still a valuable choice wherever
other options are not available such as in rural
areas or remote locations where phones are the
only means of communication.
Fiber optic links are increasingly
becoming more available to home and
small businesses. This empowers an ISP
to give higher data transmission speeds
and bolster more administrations, for
example, Internet, telephone, and TV.

12
Most popular ISP vendors
#1 AT&T Internet
#2 Verizon Internet
#3 Xfinity Internet
#4 Cox Internet
#5 Spectrum Internet
#6 Mediacom Internet
#7 Astound Broadband
#8 CenturyLink Internet
#9 Frontier Internet
#10 HughesNet Internet
https://www.usnews.com/360-reviews/services/internet-providers

13
Dial up

14
Home and Small
Office Internet
Connections
Business Internet
Connections
Internet
Vocabulary
Internet
Connections
Internet Access
Technologies

15
Business
Internet
Connections
Networking &
Communications

16
Corporate connection choices contrast from
home client alternatives.
Organizations may require higher transmission
capacity, devoted data transmission, and
oversaw administrations. Business connection
options include:
• Dedicated Leased Line: Leased lines are really saved
circuits inside the specialist organization's system that
interface geographically isolated workplaces for private
voice or potentially information organizing. The circuits
are ordinarily leased at a month-to-month or yearly
rate. They can be costly.
• Ethernet WAN: Ethernet WANs broaden LAN access
into the WAN. Ethernet is a LAN innovation you will
find out about in a later section. The advantages of
Ethernet are currently being reached out into the WAN.

17
• DSL: Business DSL is accessible in different
organizations. A famous decision is Symmetric
Digital Subscriber Lines (SDSL) which is like the
purchaser rendition of DSL. However, it gives
transfers and downloads at similar paces.
• Satellite: Like small office and home office clients,
satellite help can give an association when a wired
arrangement isn't accessible.
The decision of connection shifts relying upon
topographical area and specialist organization
accessibility.

18
Most popular SP vendors
#1 Verizon Fios Business
#2 Spectrum Business
#3 Comcast Business
#4 Frontier
#5 ATT Business

19
Home and Small
Office Internet
Connections
Business Internet
Connections
Internet
Vocabulary
Internet
Connections
Internet Access
Technologies

20
Internet
Vocabulary
Networking &
Communications

21
Networking communication is full of some
very technical concepts based on some simple
principles. Learn the terms below, and you
will be able to hold your own in a conversation
about the Internet.
• Packet: The fundamental unit of data transmitted
over the Internet. When a device intends to send a
message to another device (for example, your PC
sends a request to YouTube to open a video), it
breaks the message down into smaller pieces, called
packets. Each packet has the sender’s address, the
destination address, a sequence number, and a piece
of the overall message to be sent.
• Hub: A simple network device connects other
devices to the network and sends packets to all the
devices connected to it.

22
• Bridge: A network device that connects two
networks and only allows packets through that are
needed.
• Switch: A network device that connects multiple
devices and filters packets based on their
destination within the connected devices.
• Router: A device that receives and analyzes packets
and then routes them towards their destination. In
some cases, a router will send a packet to another
router; it will send it directly to its destination in
other cases.
• Protocol: In computer networking, a protocol is the
set of rules that allow two (or more) devices to
exchange information back and forth across the
network.

23
Bridge
Router
Switch
Modem/Router
Modem

24
• IP Address: Every device that communicates on the
Internet, whether it be a personal computer, a tablet, a
smartphone, or anything else, is assigned a unique
identifying number called an IP (Internet Protocol)
address. Historically, the IP-address standard used has
been IPv4 (version 4), which has the format of four
numbers between 0 and 255 separated by a period. For
example, the domain Saylor.org has an IP address of
107.23.196.166. The IPv4 standard has a limit of
4,294,967,296 possible addresses. As the use of the
Internet has proliferated, the number of IP addresses
needed has grown to the point where IPv4 addresses will
be exhausted. This has led to the new IPv6 standard,
which is currently being phased in. The IPv6 standard is
formatted as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, such
as 2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334. The
IPv6 standard has a limit of 3.4×1038 possible addresses.

25
• Domain name: If you had to try to remember the IP
address of every web server you wanted to access, the
Internet would not be nearly as easy to use. A domain
name is a human-friendly name for a device on the
Internet. These names generally consist of a descriptive
text followed by the top-level domain (TLD). For example,
Wikipedia's domain name is Wikipedia.org; Wikipedia
describes the organization, and .org is the top-level
domain. In this case, the .org TLD is designed for
nonprofit organizations. Other well-known TLDs include
.com , .net , and .gov.
• DNS: DNS stands for “domain name system,” which acts
as the directory on the Internet. A DNS server is queried
when a request to access a device with a domain name is
given. It returns the IP address of the device requested,
allowing for proper routing.

26
• Packet-switching: When a packet is sent
from one device out over the Internet, it
does not follow a straight path to its
destination. Instead, it is passed from one
router to another across the Internet until it
reaches its destination. In fact, sometimes,
two packets from the same message will
take different routes! Sometimes, packets
will arrive at their destination out of order.
When this happens, the receiving device
restores them to their proper order.

27

28
True or False:
Regular connection choices for small office
and home office users are:
• Dedicated Leased Line
• Ethernet WAN
• DSL
• Satellite

29
True or False:
Business connection options include:
• Cable
• DSL
• Cellular
• Satellite
• Dial-up telephone

30

Textbook
32
https://eng.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_
Georges_Community_College/INT_1010%
3A_Concepts_in_Computing
Purchase of a book is not
required.

Professor C
33
castellr@pgcc.edu
eLearning Expert
BS in Systems Engineering
MS in Systems Engineering
HC Dr in Education
IT Professor | Spanish Instructor
LCINT1010.wordpress.com
Presentation created in 01/2022.
Slides last updated on 04/2023

INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
34
06.4
Networking & Communications:
Internet Connections

INT 1010 06-4.pdf

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