Response To Mechanism

Response To Mechanism
The Machine Aesthetic
Traditional Fine Arts Response to Mechanisation
Marinetti addressed the "death" of traditional art in his Futurist Manifesto of 1909 when he stated
"Why should we look back, when what we want is to break down the mysterious doors of the
Impossible? Time and Space died yesterday. We already live in the absolute, because we have
created eternal, omnipresent speed." Marinetti, among with artists of the Futurist, Vorticist and
Constructivist movements of the 20th century, believed that mechanisation was fundamental to
creating a new future where machines played a vital role in modern society. The traditional style of
painting and sculpture – in accordance to Futurist principles – had no place in this new future. In
this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the rise of mechanisation, artists who embraced the machine aesthetic sought to incorporate....
Sculpture in the early 20th century changed radically from representational busts and statues of
religious icons and historical figures, into innovative monuments that were designed to be the purest
portrayal of the mechanised modern world. Two works by Jacob Epstein, The Rock Drill (1913–15)
and Torso in Metal from 'The Rock Drill' (1916) indicate how the glorification of machines evolved
into contempt after the events of the First World War and how mechanisation shaped the outcome of
these works. Machines were seen to be the epitome of all beauty by more than just Marinetti and his
fellow Futurist colleagues; it appeared as if the entire world was becoming enamoured with the
machine. However, despite the majority being obsessed with mechanical beauty, Epstein in The
Rock Drill (1913–15) showed another side to mechanisation; a brutal and barbaric side that was
expressed through a creature he described himself as being "the terrible
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Creatio Tommaso Futurism
A new world, A new era, a new art form, Futurism and Dada are the cornerstone of Avant–Garde art,
celebrating a break from traditionalism, these new art forms in different ways show a complete
disdain for classical art, With Futurism and Dada tradition is out, new is in. Marking the important
features of Futurism and Dada are their key figureheads, such as Marcel Duchamp and Filippo
Tommaso Marinetti, among many others contributed to the artworks foundation, a foundation of
such unique art that challenges the notion of tradition and what is means to be art.
The 20th century is the hall mark of new, airplanes, automobiles, electricity, the whole world was
abuzz with the feelings of a new future, it was a modern world now and that required modern art.
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti understood this and wrote the Futurist Manifesto, the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Futurist Manifesto outlined the principals of what makes a Futurist piece of art, yet even with
such a guideline what was considered by futurist was not truly clear to its members, the key tenets
promoted was the rejection of traditionalist and use of motion and movement into art, yet for
Umberto Boccioni, the influence of cubism in his art was cause of rejection by some members of the
group, due to cubism being considered lacking in movement. Through this criticism that Boccioni
faced, Futurism reach the zenith with the creation of Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913) a
sculpture by Boccioni that truly captured the movement energy of Futurism, Unfortunately, the
movement was breaking up during the time, as each member was creating their own personal
positions on the matter on Futurism and the deaths of notable members such as Boccioni and
Antonio Sant'Elia. Notably the movement continued to exist for some time, but without the original
energy. Given these points Futurism can be considered a precursor to Dada which takes up some of
the core values of

Representation Of Women Research Paper
The ways we see women in our society are still as inferiority gender. We have altered modes of
portraying women's, but the result has been the same for a long time, and digging down all those
aspects that make women inferiority, we may find beauty as a reason not sufficient but necessary,
which explain that. Beauty as an instrument that may account for women's inequality, and its
relation with hierarchies and social roles.
This essay explores some forms what understudy women's subordination, specifically, the idea of
representation of beauty as a social construction like gender. Beauty has been and will be something
that we categorize, as a result, we create social patterns, which change over times, but it maintains a
close link with gender roles and stereotypes. Those dynamics that women must follow. Instead of
trying to understand the modern way of being beautiful, just only in the idea of physical features, I
will show how beauty has different meanings in western culture as way of performance or acting.
Beauty is something that women want to posses. Beauty has been a subject that has not had a
specific concept, so it depends on the cultural context and the time. In addition, it has a
representation that socially portrays more than a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This without neglecting the role of artists in the representation. Moreover, media put in our mind
what we have to consider beautiful, and what is the trend that follows the pattern, and what does not
fit it. Beauty has become a lucrative business, which it uses as an instrument for marketing and
advertising. The ways media and networks portray the idea of women in those contemporaneous
times, and how these discourses, which are part of the media agenda, are inside women behavior,
might be an essential part of the

Futurism
Futurism
[pic]
Content
Introduction
Background information
Cerebration
Futurist Painting
Futurist Sculpture
Artists
Influence
http://arttattler.com/italyvenice.html http://www.mathewadkins.co.uk/article1/ Introduction
What is Futurism?
Futurism was an art movement originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian
phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere.
Futurism is a term that may suggest a number of things. For example, when we describle soething as
being 'futuristic', we mean to convey an idea of scientific and technological advance beyond that
which presently exists. The notion of 'futuristic' carries with it not only ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1901, Boccioni first visited the Famiglia Artistica, a society for artists in Milan. After moving
there in 1907, he became acquainted with fellow Futurists including the famous poet Filippo
Tommaso Marinetti. The two would later join with others in writing manifestos on futurism.

4) Gino Severini (1883 – 1966)
Gino Severini was Italian painter. He have been involved in publication of the Declaration on the
future of painting, has participated in international exhibition of futuristic. Published in 1921 "From
Cubism to Classicism" summed up his life of artistic ideas. His Painting by the ever–changing curve
and interspersed in the multi–screen and a decent three–dimensional structure, was considered the
future of painting as a model.
Futurist Painting
First Responses
Fiacomo Balla (1871–1958), Umberto Boccioni (1882 – 1916) and Carlo Carra (1881 – 1966),
among others who signed the 'Manifesto of the Futurist Painters' in 1910, were already inclined to
an interest in the heated, fin–de–siecle fantasy mixed with modernist machine–workship and
extremist political rhetoric of Marinetti's manifesto. Each of them had developed practices as
painters in response to the complex options available to them at the end of the century – Social
Realism, Symbolism, Impressionism and neo–Impressionism being just a few of the international
styles within which their art had been formed. Most of these technical movements had broader

Futurism Research Paper
Definition
Futurism is an artistic movement that centered in Italy and emphasized the dynamism, speed,
energy, and power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life in
general.
Before Futurism
The world had become a new place. In the summer of 1900, with the opening of the Universal
Exposition, Paris found itself electrified, its nights almost transformed to day. The automobile
dominated the city's streets by 1906. People were flying airplanes. Albert Einstein proposed a new
theory of relativity and Niels Bohr a new model for the atom. Many people felt that there could be
no tradition, at least not one worth imitating, in the face of so much change.
Futurism Began
The new movement in modern art, Futurism was first announced on Feb. 20, 1909, when the Paris
newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto by the Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. The
name Futurism reflected his emphasis on discarding what he conceived to be the static and
irrelevant art of the past and celebrating change, originality, and innovation in culture and society.
Marinetti's manifesto glorified the new technology of the automobile and the beauty of its speed,
power, and movement. He exalted violence and conflict and called for the sweeping repudiation of
traditional cultural, social, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, Boccioni illustrates the construction of a modern city. The chaos and movement in the piece
resemble a war scene as indeed war was presented in the Futurist Manifesto as the only means
toward cultural progress. The large horse races into the foreground while several workers struggle to
gain control, indicating tension between human and animal. The horse and figures are blurred,
communicating rapid movement while other elements, such as the buildings in the background, are
rendered more realistically. At the same time, the perspective teeters dramatically in different
sections of the

Italian Neo Realism During World War II
Introduction Italian Neo–Realism is a movement and trend in Italian film based on the changed
social and economic realities forced upon Italy by WWII. It is a style of film characterized by stories
set amongst the poor and working class, filmed on location, frequently using nonprofessional actors.
Italian Neo–Realism relates closely to the war realities in Italy at the end of World War II and after
World War II. "Italian neorealist films mostly contend with the difficult economical and moral
conditions of post–World War II Italy, reflecting the changes in the Italian psyche and the conditions
of everyday life: poverty and desperation. The neorealist movement began in Italy at the end of
World War II as an urgent response to the political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Film making techniques used to reflect the reality), The harsh reality of war torn Italy is presented
in the texts Rome, Open City and Bicycle Thieves through specific film techniques that the directors
of the non–professional films and actors have chosen. The main techniques used were Non diegetic
sound: Music is used throughout the film to transition the mood and atmosphere. "Cinematography
is used through the choices of shots in the film to influence the meaning through showing the harsh
postwar realities in Italy after the world war. Shot sizes influences the meaning to the audience.
Close up shots/extreme close ups shots and long shots. "4 In Bicycle Thieves non–diegetic sound:
Slow music was used to show that there was a sad mood and atmosphere in the movie when Antonio
gets his bike stolen and while they walk with the crowd at the end of the movie. Upbeat, happy
music was used to show there was a good mood and atmosphere in the film when Antonio received
the job, when he got his new bike and was working. Close up shots are taken of Antonio during
tough times when he is trying to find his bike, it helps the audience gain access to the mind and
thought process of him when he figures out he will never find his bike in the end, lose his job and
have no family income. Long shot is taken at the start of the film when mass crowds of people were
trying to get jobs to feed and provide for their families. These camera shots play an important role in
the

Keep Your Coins, I Want Change
Over a century ago Antonio Gramsci extrapolated on the theory of hegemony derived from Marxist
ideology. Gramsci sees hegemony, in the context of culture, as a dominant group who holds the most
power and asserts it through controlling dominant messages. Alternatively, counter–hegemony is the
oppositional voice to these messages. People who are part of the dominant group live with dominant
messages may not be aware that they are hegemonic reinforcements. That is where counter–
hegemony comes in to disrupt the dominant message and show its flaws or reminds us that they are
just conditionings and that we actually have a choice of other alternatives (Edgar & Sedgwick). One
artist who works with these messages is Banksy. He is a cultural jammer ... Show more content on
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Counter–hegemony could also help a society to function because it can bring in new and better
ideas. Like with Banksy's artwork messages can be put into the public to inform them of different
choices. I think Gramsci's theory is too linear in some aspects like when he mentions that we are all
controlled by hegemonic messages, if this were so, then counter–hegemony would never be able to
change anything. Feminisim is an example of a counter–hegemonic message that has changed
peoples' perceptions. Another critique of this theory is that hegemony is apparently completely bad
and desperately needs to change. If it were so bad, I believe people would have no problem
dismantling it. If rebellion didn't exist, especially in art, what would happen? Would culture decay?
Cultural jamming seems to take concepts from Gramsci's ideas because it uses counter–hegemony to
fight against capitalist hegemony and disrupt "normal" values. Banksy again is a good example of
this with his work because he chooses anonymity in a generation that seems to emphasize fame and
popularity. Ironically his fame and the worth of his art seems to dominate the messages which are
more important in front of it. Counter–hegemony art in a capitalist society? Without

Futurism Timeline
Started: 1909 Ended: 1945 (end of WWII) Brief history Futurism was an art movement as well as a
social movement that was developed in Italy in the early 20th Century. It was all about being avant–
garde (experimental / pushing the boundaries) and embracing ideas of the future. Futurism was seen
as a rebellion, being purposely revolutionary. Futurism was launched when Filoppo Marinetti
(1876–1944) published his Manifesto of Futurism in the Paris Newspaper Le Figaro (20th February
1909) This made futurism a revolutionary movement as all the arts could test their ideas and forms
against the new realities of scientific and industrial society. We intend to sing the love of danger, the
habit of energy and fearlessness. Courage, audacity and revolt ... Show more content on
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This process was called 'DIVISIONISM'. The influence on Graphic Design Futurists known for
expressive typography Breaking traditional rules and layout Dynamic and abstract forms An artwork
would usually include 3 or 4 ink colours Textured paper Up to 20 typefaces Associated artists:
Benito Mussolini (1883 – 1945) created the Fascist Party Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876 – 1944)
– founded Futurism with the publication of his manifesto Umberto Boccioni (1882 – 1916) – artist
that developed futurist theories Wyndham Lewis (1882 – 1957) – English artist and writer who
founded the Vorticist movement Oswald Mosley (1896 – 1980) – English politician who was the
leader of the British Union of Fascists Leni Riefenstahl (1902 – 2003) – German motion–picture
director, actress, producer, and photographer who is best known for her documentary films of the
1930s dramatizing the power and pageantry of the Nazi movement. Social / Political Industralisation
Advancements in technology The futurist manifesto was promoting nationalism Mussolini took
inspiration from this to develop the Fascist

Art 101 Unit 1 Analysis
21. 1912, Picasso, Pablo, Maquette for Guitar, Paris, Spanish, Cubism. TXT– Picasso constructed
this piece using cardboard, string, and wire, which was bases from his distinguished work of Guitar,
Sheet Music, and Wine. This specific sculpture was used to express the interior aspects of the guitar
to view the volumetric attributes and ideas behind the creation itself. Page 156 CLS– The abstract
qualities depicts the interior of the instrument to show what's inside and the purpose of each
attribute. It's suppose to resemble an actual guitar by only creating a sculpture using cardboard
supplies. 22. 1912, Boccioni, Umberto, Development of a Bottle in Space, Italian, Futurism. TXT–
This sculpture was created ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using shapes and colors to create a dreamlike world that appears to be expressive without any
representation. Page 122 CLS– The overall composition evokes freedom in the handling and used
different stages of Impressionism that has a fairytale quality. 24. 1913, Kandinsky, Wassily,
Composition VII, Russian, Der Blaue Reiter. TXT– This spontaneous composition includes shapes,
colors and lines the crash into each other towards the center in a explosive manner. This symbolic
painting has been proven to not be deciphered and to remain only unpredictable. Page 123 CLS– His
compositions revolves around themes that are creative conflicts that seems to be a rebirth of a
spiritual world. Using no actual representational subjects or objects that can't be traced with the
human eye. 25. 1913, Kirchner, Ernst, Ludwig, Street Berlin, German, Die Brucke. TXT– The
image describes dark colors that are expressionistic with no source of modeling and dynamic
brushstrokes that help bring the figures up close to the picture plane. There seems to be movement
in the subjects, which describes the streets in Dresden. Page

Influence Of The Modern City
Movements such as Futurism, Cubism and Impressionism saw Artists such as Umberto Boccioni,
Claude Monet, and Pablo Picasso use the speed, and compression to reference the leisure filled
Modern City, while trying to keep pace with the advances(Technological and Theoretical), which
were breaking the Traditional way of life. Examples of this include; Umberto Boccioni's, The City
Rises (1910); Claude Monet's, Boulevard des Capucines (1873); and Pablo Picasso's, Absinthe
Drinker (1901).
By embracing the technological and theoretical changes of the Modern City, artists transitioned
away from what was known as the conventional creation of Art. Meaning the way of depicting and
portraying figures, and scenes within an image. Things were no longer idealised, and artists strived
to paint images the way they were rather than the way people wanted them to be. It is in this way
that Artists transitioned away from that which they had been taught, and as such, were able to
effectively, experiment with different ways of representing the meaning of the Modern City. The
adaptation from the traditional city, to the modern city, therefore contains a history of rejection of
the traditional limitations and definitions of art. In the following analysis, it becomes apparent the
Artists reference to the Modern City was based heavily on their contemporary urban environment.
As such they were often influenced by the way the city had effect them. For example, Picasso's Blue
Period, in which he

Ladri Di Bicclette Analysis
Water is pouring into the heavy containers to be carried by the women to their houses. Waiting in
line, the women must care for their household by doing their "duty" as a mother and the necessities
for survival. De Sica's, Ladri di Biciclette, involves an essential take on female identity in post–
WWII Italian society. This scene, among the other early scenes in the film featuring Maria, not only
emphasize the nurturing and supportive role women were often placed into, but also the dominant
role women took on in managing the household and holding together the family through the
economic crisis in Italy. Calling on the historical past of the economic crisis in Italy, in addition to
referencing previous contributors to Italian film studies, Maria's ... Show more content on
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In this scene, she states, "Alright, We'll take care of that Antonio," after Ricci feels as though he
cannot act because he has no money to buy the bike he needs (Ladri di Biciclette). Maria calms him,
never yells, and essentially makes Ricci feel as though everything will be alright. Robert A.
Rushing, in his work entitled, "De Sica's The Children Are Watching Us: Neorealist Cinema and
Sexual Difference" analyzes the work of De Sica stating that, "In the case of De Sica, at least, we
are left with a series of hypothetical regrets (which generally make woman bear the burden of guilt"
(Rushing 110). Maria, for example, must manage the depression of Ricci, while also making do with
little, since Ricci has no job. Her son has a job, however, in a sense, as a mom, one would assume
Maria bears the burden of guilt for not being able to give her children a "kids" life where her son
and baby could play rather than work as soon they are old enough. With Ricci in depression, Maria
is the one that must bear the weight of poverty, finding ways to make do with little and make the
impossible, such as the bike, a

Similarities Between David And Statue Of David
Abby Simone
Professor Hagedorn
Art Appreciation
19 October 2017
David VS Unity Forms of Continuity in Space "Statue of David" by Michelangelo and "Unity
Forms of Continuity in Space" by Umberto Boccioni, are two very different sculpture. But in some
ways, they are similar. These two artists' works have similar aspects to the appearances of their
sculptures. But there are more differences then similarities. The time that the sculpture was built are
separate dates. They did build them in a similar place. Their sculptures also portrayed a strong
message for both.
In 1464, Agostino di Duccio took on the challenge to build the statue of David, but only got as far as
doing the legs. The marble was becoming fragile and weak making it hard for him to finish. The
marble sat there for twenty–five years. Then a young artist, Michelangelo was pushing the Opera del
Duomo for the project. The Opera del Duomo gave him consent to do it on August 16, 1501. On
September 13, he started working on the project and that would last him 3 years. The statue was
unveiled on January 1504 to the Vestry Board and to Pier Soderini. It was original supposed to be
placed high up in the Cathedral. But it was so perfected they wanted to place it where everyone
could see it. They placed it in Florence, in Piazza Della Signoria. In 1873 the statue was moved into
Galleria dell 'Accademia to prevent from weathering and damage.
The Statue of David is a 14–ft White Marble statue that was made in Florence.

Bicycle Thief Essay
The Bicycle Thief The Bicycle Thief is probably the best known and most highly praised of all the
Italian Neorealist films of its era. The films of the Neorealist movement were characterized by
several primary ideas. Instead of featuring stories focusing on glitz and glamour, Neorealist films
focused on the poor and the working class. Instead of building and fabricating complex sets to film
on, they did their filming on location. And instead of trying to get the most well known, highly paid
celebrity actors, they frequently used people that weren't even professional actors and had no
training for their starring roles. This all helped lend a sense of realism and weight to the stories. The
Bicycle Thief takes place in Rome during a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With no other choice, Antonio takes to the streets and searches for his bike for hours, but comes up
empty handed. The scene where he and his son are caught in the rain, soaked and downtrodden, as
all around him people on their bikes are riding away really makes poignant the hopelessness of his
situation. After trying everything he can think of to get any leads on the thief or the location of his
bike, go so far as to even spend what little money he has left on a fortune teller, he happens to bump
into the thief in question walking down the street. He chases and finally corners him, but the thief
refuses to confess anything and his family and friends defend him from the furious Antonio. The
cops arrive, and yet again, they are of no help. They can't do anything for Antonio as he has no
concrete evidence of the crime. Pushed to the final point of desperation, Antonio realizes he has no
choice left but to stoop to the lowest level and steal a bike if he doesn't want his family to starve. He
tries to snatch one but is almost immediately taken down by witnesses and held until the police
arrive. Seeing Antonio's son distraught and in tears, the man doesn't press charge and lets him off the
hook. Antonio and his son walk off, both of them in tears, completely hopeless and beaten by
society at every turn. This is what Italian Neorealism is all about. For millions upon millions

Lies Exposed Into Reality In Umberto Eco's Physo
One of the recurring themes in the story, although a perverse notion, is how lies could somehow
actually be turned into reality. Baudolino explains, "When you say something you've imagined, and
others then say that's exactly how it is, you end up believing it yourself." Abdul, one of Baudolino's
friends expressed a similar whim, "The vision was an illusion, but what I now felt inside was not; it
was true desire. When you feel it, it's not an illusion. It's real" (Eco, 2002). Umberto Eco suggests
that fabricated lies are able to shape reality; even the liar convinces himself/herself that those lies are
the truth.
In reality, almost everyone tells lies, basically to benefit one's own interests. However, in trying so
hard to convince others, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lies also cover the truth, that's why these cause trouble to many people. In Baudolino's first attempt
to save the Alessandrians, he conspired the appearance of Saint Peter as though protecting their
newfound city: to prevent the attack. However, one of the men realizing that it must have been one
of Baudolino's tricks, wreaked havoc and confusion among the soldiers and the citizens of the city.
Instead of resolving the conflict, Baudolino felt as though he merely worsened it; because of him,
innocent and brave lives were lost. The gravest consequence of one of his lies was of concealing his
adoptive father's death. Since Baudolino and his friends were assigned to guard the emperor, they
feared that they would be falsely accused of having murdered the emperor. To disguise that, they
made it seem as though Frederick had died drowning in the river. At the end of the novel, Baudolino
realized that his beloved father really wasn't murdered in the room––merely unconscious. This
meant that the emperor Frederick really died of drowning and could have lived had they told the

Marinetti Futurism Essay
created eternal, omnipresent speed" (2001 21–2). Marinetti, among with artists of the Futurist,
Vorticist and Constructivist movements of the 20th century, believed that mechanisation was
fundamental to creating a new future where machines played a vital role in modern society. The
traditional style of painting and sculpture – in accordance to Futurist principles – had no place in
this new future. In this adapt–or–die situation, artists Umberto Boccioni and Jacob Epstein
responded to the world of machines by incorporating techniques learned from their past ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From viewing a painting as a single moment in time to trying to capture motion and movement
within a single frame, painting in the early 20th century went through radical changes in order to
keep up with mechanisation entrancing the modern world. Boccioni was an Italian artist who created
work in the Divisionism style (where the colours are separated by singular, precise brushstrokes or
dots while still maintaining visual harmony), which according to Black "was the variant of French
Impressionism" (2004 10). Despite initially still incorporating old techniques into Futurist artworks
The City Rises (1910–11) and Dynamism of a Cyclist (1913), that were meant to represent concepts
of the new world, Boccioni captured the essence of the Futurists key

Essay on Semiotics of Personal Objects
Ever since I was a little girl, clothes and shoes have been important to me. I loved picking out my
own outfits for school, and finding just the right color Keds or sandals to match. It truly was a
passion. Even now, many years later, here I am, the same shopaholic and fashion maniac I have
always been. After researching semiotics, which in short, is the method of interpreting signs and
finding a deeper meaning in everyday activities, I realize, that my reasoning for choosing the clothes
and shoes that I chose, is deeper, than just the fact that I looked cute, it was a choice of statements I
was making each and every time. The question is what statements did I make?
Recently, on a trip through Europe I bought myself some new ... Show more content on
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Not that I am out to make anyone think I have loads of money, but it feels good when people walk
up to you and say things like, "Wow, I love your shoes. Diesel shoes are so awesome." It just makes
you feel good, about the way you look and about your keen sense of fashion. Not that diesel shoes
have always been this way, shifts in popularity make them the symbol that they are. When I wear
thee shoes, I am saying that
fashion is important enough to me that I am willing and able to spend hundreds of dollars on
Page 2, Johnson
shoes. Every outfit decision makes a statement, whether you realize it or not, and people form
opinions and stereotypes about you based on those symbols whether they realize it or not. Not to say
its right or wrong, it just is.
Another item I wish to discuss, in semiotic terms are my old, faded, black sweat pants, or as I like to
call them my comfy clothes. Now, there not new, hip or expensive, but they are some of my favorite
pants in the whole world. I wear, them when I want to be comfortable and casual, and when I am not
trying to impress anyone. I would never think of wearing them to work, church, or on a date. But
why not? What make it okay to go shopping in, but not good enough for dinner and a movie with a
guy. Well, before I knew about semiotics, I would say its just common sense, but now I know that it
is deeper than that. When

Marinetti And Marinetti's Futurism As An Art Movement
On February 20th, 1909, Marinetti published his Futurist Manifesto, which appeared on the front
page of Le Figaro – the largest circulation newspaper in France. "We want to sing about the love of
danger, about the use of energy and recklessness as a common, daily practice. Courage, boldness
and rebellion will be the essential elements of our poetry" – he said, and that is how the Futurism
began. As an art movement, Futurism had a main objective like "looking in the future" and rejects
past and traditions. Italy, which was a pioneer in art, now gave the place for French creativity in
modern art. Because of that many young artists like Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carra,
Luigi Russolo and Gino Severini decided to reject well known stagnation ... Show more content on
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"We will glorify war–the world's only hygiene–militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of
freedom–bringers, beautiful ideas worth dying for, and scorn for woman" . They believed in war as a
cleansing agent and focused on motion in time and space, simultaneity of views and political
movement – because many of them believed in Fascism. The violence, aggression, dynamism and
speed which Futurists glorified were opposite to woman nature. Although as Deborah Johnson
writes in her article „Women Artists of Italian Futurism: Almost Lost to History" that Futurism was
not only naively enmity to women but "programmatically misogynistic". The Futurists' idea of
"contempt for women," "struggle against feminism," and "endorsement of violence and aggression
as foremost values" is an uncommon document of the reaction against women's sociopolitical
advancement of the late nineteenth/early twentieth

Italian Neorealism ( 1945-1953 )
Italian neorealism (1945–1953), through directors like Roberto Rossellini and Vittorio De Sica,
made its trademark on cinematic history not only in Italy, but also throughout the world. It was films
such as Rome Open City (Roma città aperta, 1945), The Bicycle Thief (Ladri di biciclette, 1948),
and Umberto D., (1952) whose style of depicting the harsh economic and social realities of the poor
and working class of Italy took off as a new cinematic style after World War II. Neorealism is a
response to desperate economic situations and often illustrates suffering, poverty, injustice, and/or
discrimination. Many argue that neorealism is a way of seeing reality without prejudice due to the
documentary–like technique of the film and its ability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In truth, it is a metaphor for a better tomorrow with the lingering theme of the hope and promise of
children. This theme further emphasized in the final scene of Rome Open City with the children
walking out of frame. With the city of Rome as the backdrop for this final scene, it offered a sense
of renewed hope for the future. Rossellini balances this theme of renewed hope with trauma and
tragedy, in particular the death of the main female character, Pina. The audience is first introduced to
Pina as both a bride–to–be and mother–to–be. The "to–be" attached to mother and bride suggests
that there is a future. However, Rossellini brings this "future" to a tragic end in the closing scenes of
the film. As Pina pushes her way through the apartment complex courtyard, through a barricade of
Nazi soldiers to run after her fiance Francesco who has been captured. As she is running through the
streets, she is tragically shot down and dies in the middle of the street. Francesco manages to escape
Nazi custody, making it a senseless and pointless death. Not only is this the tragic death of an Italian
woman, but also a pregnant one. It has been said that Rossellini's style is a way of seeing. There is
no other visual quite like the one Rossellini leaves the viewer with in the final scenes of this film. It
is in this way that Rossellini is once again able to highlight characteristics of neorealism in his films.
With Pina's death, the characteristic of revealing the

Social Effects Of The Italian Neorealism
After World War II during the years 1945 to 1951, there was a surge of films being made in Italy.
These films usually had a central story line that revolved around social problems and poverty that
the Italians were facing then. Another signature from this film movement was the use of non–actors
and scenes being shot on location. This film movement is known as the Italian Neorealism. This
essay will further elaborate how World War II, poverty and social problems faced by the Italians
gave birth to this film movement.
Pre World War II and World War II
– Cinecitta(Cinema city) – Housed twelve sound stages. More than half of the Italian films were
shot there from 1937 to 1943.
– Between 1940–1942 Italy's battlefield successes boosted the film ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Pina's muder suggest that – as opposed to movies – good people may die pointlessly.
– Camera lingers on a scene after the action concluded or refuse to eliminate those moments in
which "nothing happens" (Characteristics)
– Favored open–ended narratives, in which central plot lines were left unresolved. This was justified
as the most realistic approach to storytelling, since in life, few events neatly tie up everything that
went before. (Characteristics)
– Many modernist filmmakers came to rely on the long take – the abnormally lengthy shot, typically
sustained by camera movements. This justified as presenting the event in continuous "real time",
without the manipulations of editing. (Characteristics)
– Halting delivery, fragmentary and elliptical speeches, and refusal to meet other player's eyes run
counter to the rapid crafted performances of American Cinema

The Futurism Movement Was Influenced By Filippo Tommaso...
Futurism is an art movement of the early 20th century. It was founded in 1909 in Italy, by Filippo
Tommaso Marinetti, who was an Italian poet and editor. Futurism celebrated the advanced
technology of the time and how major cities were becoming more modern. The futurism movement
was important as it influenced most of Europe, and the most significant results were in the visual
arts and poetry. Futurism was influenced by elements of Neo–Impressionism and Cubism. A group
of Italian writers and artists emerged in the early 1900's and were determined to praise
industrialisation. The leader of this group was Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. On February 20th, 1909,
the Paris newspaper called 'Le Figaro' published Marinetti's Manifesto. In this Manifesto, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The futurists celebrated the new exciting world upon them, with a love for speed, machines,
pollution, noises and cities. Futurism also glorified war, and the growth of fascism, which would
have been controversial for the time. They rejected anything old and looked toward a newer and
better Italy. Futurism has gone on to influence other artistic domains. The Italian futurist architects
were constantly at odds with the fascist countries favour towards Roman imperial and classical
aesthetic patterns. Therefore, as a result, many futurist buildings were built in the years 1920–1940,
such as stations, maritime resorts, post offices. An example is Trento's railway station built by
Angiolo

Alexander Calder's Rouge Triomphant: The Street That...
Artists explore movement and motion through their practice. This is evident through Alexander
Calder's "Rouge Triomphant" 1959 – 1965 and Umberto Boccioni's "The street that enters the
house" 1911.
Alexander Calder addresses movement and motion, through the pivot present in the centre of the
artwork. The artwork's material practice which uses sheet metal, rod and paint is an incorporation of
the postmodern. The artist's choice of materials allows to be viewed in a three dimensional setting,
where we as the audience can view on all sides the movement of the artwork. We as the audience
engage with a kinetic sculpture that is susceptible to natures force. As we move around we
experience a shift in perspective as each part of the artwork moves,

Traditional Fine Arts Response To Futurism
The Machine Aesthetic
Traditional Fine Arts Response to Mechanisation
created eternal, omnipresent speed" (2001 21–2). Marinetti, among with artists of the Futurist,
Vorticist and Constructivist movements of the 20th century, believed that mechanisation was
fundamental to creating a new future where machines played a vital role in modern society. The
traditional style of painting and sculpture – in accordance to Futurist principles – had no place in
this new future. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kulten discusses how Epstein destroyed The Rock Drill (1913–15) because in its complete form, it
was "almost too symbolic" and in order to cope with his work, had to reduce it to an aesthetic work
only (1969 65). Epstein took the synthetic man and removed the legs and parts of the arms, leaving
only the torso which he cast into a bronze bust in 1916. Having been involved in sculpture his entire
artistic career, Epstein reverted back to the traditional methods of creating sculptures in order to gain
familiarity in his work again. As a result of returning to traditional themes, Epstein's work lost a
majority of the revolutionary aspects that made The Rock Drill (1913–15) an important work for the
recurring theme of mechanisation that enveloped society in the early half of the 20th century
(Kulten, 1969 65). Torso in Metal from 'The Rock Drill' (1916) is an important work to consider
when exploring the machine aesthetic, as it is the expression of a frightful artist, unable to cope with
the mechanical world, thus turning his greatest creation into a lifeless bust with minimal meaning or

The Meaning of Abstract Art
There are generally two types of paintings– representational and abstract. While representational
painting portrays recognizable objects, abstract painting does not look like a particular object.
Instead, abstract art is made up of designs, shapes and colors. (http://www.harley.com/art/abstract–
art/ ) The meaning of abstract art is, in its most simplified form, art that relies on the emotions of the
artist and the elements of design rather than exact representation. This broad definition allows artists
almost unlimited freedom of expression. Some abstract artists create compositions that have no
precedent in nature. Other abstract artists work from nature and then interpret their subjects in a
nonrepresentational manner. In other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in Fernand Leger's The City, (http://filebox.vt.edu/users/nayoung3/city.jpg), the artist
shows a primitive, birds eye view of a busy city. We can see in the middle of the painting there is
some kind road and there are simplified people scattered throughout the painting, composed of
geometric forms. The effect is one of confusion and over stimulation, like one might feel during
rush hour. However, the painting does not show an actually street filled with cars and pedestrians. It
gives the viewer the feeling of a bustling streetscape, without actually portraying it.
Using the same principles that portrayed the "bustling" of a landscape, abstract artists can show
movement, even movement that is not "real." An example of this is Umberto Boccioni's Unique
Forms of Continuity in Space. This is a great example of abstract art. This bronze sculpture seems to
gliding in space. Umberto, a futurist, projected his own beliefs and tried to capture the future that
maybe one day we would be in space.
(http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/art/20th/sculpture/boccioni02.jpg) The sculpture is almost
recognizable as a figure, but Boccioni was more concerned with showing movement than man, so
the form is distorted and stretched. This sense of movement adds another dimension to the meaning
of abstract art, as an

Vittorio De Sico And Italian Neorealism
The average outing to the local movie theater is a pleasant experience; a show of laughs and drama
and romance, wrapped into a satisfying plot to be quickly forgotten by the transient audience. The
experiences of the Second World War, especially in Italy, forced the artistic film industry to grow
jaded quickly. Italian Neorealism, a film movement at odds with the conventional cinematic
experience, finds it somewhat inappropriate to have idealized heroes achieve happily–ever–after
lives after so many did not in the grim reality of the war. Vittorio De Sica and Cesare Zavattini were
pioneers of the movement, which (although not the first) is best exemplified by Umberto D.,
released in Italy in 1952, and after a slow commercial reception, released abroad and in the U.S. in
1955. It features an old man and his dog as they struggle to survive in the tough reality of the Italian
postwar city. The film was hailed by critics as a shining example of the maturity and emotional
power of realism. In a world of fabricated Hollywood plots, critics all over the world in the 1950s
relished the uncompromising candor of the neorealist film Umberto D., while the commercial
reception clearly shows that the mass audience preferred the purified filters of non–realist cinema.
Cesare Zavattini, the co–writer of Umberto D. and many other films with De Sica, gave an interview
in 1952 in which he outlined the theory and essence of Italian Neorealism. He deplored the practice
of inventing banal and contrived plots, calling it "superimposing dead formulas over living social
facts" (Zavattini). If a story is death to Zavattini, reality is life. He sees real life as a rich mine of
content with no sparkling additives necessary; a simple everyday action can be dissected and
investigated to reveal a greater truth about the reality of the situation. Poverty is the main subject for
neorealist films, and Zavattini justifies this by saying he features poverty because it is the most
important contemporary reality of the people. Neorealist films do not use professional actors either;
the title character in Umberto D. was played by a university professor with no acting experience.
This adds to the realism by having people who actually face the

Lies Exposed Into Reality, By Umberto Edo
One of the recurring themes in the story, although a perverse notion, is how lies could somehow
actually be turned into reality. Baudolino explains, "When you say something you've imagined, and
others then say that's exactly how it is, you end up believing it yourself." Abdul, one of Baudolino's
friends expressed a similar whim, "The vision was an illusion, but what I now felt inside was not; it
was true desire. When you feel it, it's not an illusion. It's real" (Eco, 2002). Umberto Eco suggests
that fabricated lies are able to shape reality; even the liar convinces himself/herself that those lies are
the truth . In reality, almost everyone tells lies, basically to benefit one's own interests. However, in
trying so hard to convince others, one may end up believing that very lie. For example, a student
overwhelmed by his/her tasks would ask someone else's help with the assignments. All the credit is
given to that student and in the end would actually believe that he/she was really the one who
conceived the answer. When one is guilty for having committed something wrong, one would
usually pretend to be innocent or reason out that he/she had no other choice. One's own justifications
then brainwashes one's self although still subconsciously knows it's a lie. ... Show more content on
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Someone who frequently lies eventually loses the trust of people. Paradoxically, those who tell the
biggest lies are still held high in society. The government officials for example, as part of their
campaign will act as though they are really concerned of the welfare of its citizens. Although it is a
superficial act, aside from being a great lie, society is convinced that these liars would make great
leaders and so grant them their coveted

Boccioni And Malevich Essay
Do you know that there are difference between colors in every paintings that you see? Here is the
secret revealed in the paintings of Boccioni and Malevich. Boccioni and Malevich are famous artists
and they have many famous paintings of their own. Color is something that changes the mood and
paintings. One can differentiate a painting from another by use of colors which are specific to a
painter. The use of color in paintings of Boccioni and Malevich are different in technique, types of
color and paintings. Boccioni and Malevich are two great painters. Boccioni is an artist, one of the
sculptors of the Italians in early 20 century. Boccioni was born in Italy, on 19 October 1882 in
Reggio Calabria. He is a pioneer of school futurism. He drew a lot of famous paintings that are still
until now, for instance, dynamisms of a soccer player, state of mind and self–portrait. In February
23, 1879, Moscow Malevich was born and his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dynamism of a Soccer Player draw by Boccioni as we see thy use different colors and technique of
repeating shape. Dynamism of a Soccer Player, in New York City in the Museum of Modern Art.
193.2 × 201 cm oil on canvas by Umberto Boccioni, 1913; Photograph by Katie Chao. Museum of
Modern Art, The Sidney and Harriet Janis Collection showed an affiliation with Futurism mainly in
its violent subject matter and dynamic composition. The City Rises (1910–11). However, its
representation of dynamism its is an exemplary Futurist painting, speed, and motion. According to
the Futurist style. The swirling human figures in its crowd scenes are repetitively fragmented.
Boccioni used several colors, including warm or hot and cold colors, which, of course, each colors
has different symbol and the significance and power of the expressive, for example, he used in
painting green color which is symbol of wealth and hope and happiness. According to Coen, E.

Summary Of The Foundation And Manifesto Of Futurism By...
The first Manifesto I read was "The Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism" by Marinetti. Marinetti
highlights various concepts behind the futurist movement. Throughout his manifesto he describes
old versus new and personifies several places and machines. Like when he spoke of his automobile
he said "We approach the the three panting beasts to stroke their burning breasts, full of love and
admiration." (Marinetti 643). He says that finally the old and mystical ideals and myths are far
behind them. He portrays these engines as demonic, but however his description sounds he isn't
demonizing technology, he is in fact admiring it. He also encourages people to take these risky leaps
of faith. He highlights the point that humans need conflict and revolutions bring out change. ...
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Like Marinetti in the previous manifesto, Duxiu also talks about the change from old to new,
however he states "Revolution means the elimination of the old and the changeover to the new..."
(Duxiu 647) He then speaks about how Europe has their own literary revolution but the people of
his culture do not revolt due to "Ethics, morality, and culture"(Duxiu 647) He then proceeds to talk
about the "revolutions" or advancements they had within their literature. He also mentions how
other writers "only skills were in imitating the ancients and deceiving people..." (Duxiu 650) The
whole thing is basically a criticism of the three mentioned in the manifesto and why European
Literature was more

Cubism : The Art Movement Of Modern Art
Cubism was the art movement that took modern art to the next level. It was one of the first major
forms of Abstractionism. Cubism looks as if the painting was build with blocks. Artists used blocks
and geometric shapes to form figures of men and women. There was no certain color scheme,
however colors were usually very different in order to distinguish parts of the body. Anatomy was
jumbled, but bodies were clear and visible. Pablo Picasso is known to be a mastermind of the art
world. He essentially invented cubism and contributed to the advancement of modern art. Les
Demoiselles d'Avignon is a painting that shows five nude ladies all posing different ways. All of
them have very different faces and body shapes, something that was common during Cubism. The
women are formed out of geometric shapes, but their forms are definite. Georges Braque was the
neighbor of Pablo Picasso and he took Cubism on a different path. Instead of making the shapes 2D,
he used light and perspective to make shapes appear 3D. Man with a Guitar is very difficult to
distinguish a figure, unlike Picasso's works. If you look closely and focus on different points, you
can see a man playing a guitar. The 3D shapes and dark colors give it a slight heavy–hearted feel.
Futurism was an art movement, as well as a social movement that originated in Italy. The movement
had a emphasization in technology, science, industrialization, and youth of the future. Futurists
created objects such as

Art 101 Final Project Timeline Essay
Trechelle Monroe
Final Project: Art Timeline
Sculptures from the 18th–20th Century
February 23, 2012
Fig 1
1905
Mediterrane
Aristide Maillo,
French Sculpture
Musee d'Orsay, Paris
This sculpture falls in the modern art category and the style is abstract expressionism. This sculpture
is very large it is actually 110cm. The artist that created this sculpture was one of the many fine
French Sculptors, he was one of the younger generation who started out as a Symbolist painter as
well as a tapestry designer but he got an eye disease around the age of 40 and he had to give these
things up but then found love for sculpting . This artist had a love for Greek sculpture but he
rejected some of what it stood for. This piece of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The right leg is in front of the left leg , and the body has perfect posture , the head is looking straight
ahead as if the person is heading towards something or sees something interesting. Joshua C. Taylor
says " The figure in Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, strides forth , a symbol of vitality and
strength, yet its impetuous steps rest lightly on the ground as if the opposing air gives the figure
wings."
Fig 6
Completion date was 1879 but was released around 1912
The Call to Arms
Auguste Rodin
Bronze sculpture
The Rodin Museum, Philadelphia, USA
The style of this sculpture falls under impressionism. The dimensions are ( 113x 57.8 x 40.5 cm).

This particular sculpture was actually entered in a competition that was intended to design a
monument that was meant to honor and salute the heroes of Paris who took part in the Defense of
Paris during the Franco–Prussian War, although Rodin did no win the contest this monument was
still able to be installed in Verdun in the 19th century to show appreciation to the French soldiers of
World War I. When you look closely at this sculpture you will see a female who has wings and to
me this symbolizes an angel, she is over top of a warrior of some sort who seems hurt or wounded,
possibly dead. This female may be his guardian angel or something. The lady with wings seems to
be screaming because her mouth is wide open , I am not sure if this is a cry for help or a rejoicing
moment.
Fig 7( just a mini image of the

The Count Of Monte Cristo Analysis
First published in 1845, The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas is a classic rags–to–riches
revenge story. Edmond Dantès, wrongfully imprisoned for 14 years, returns with a cavern full of
riches, a noble title as the Count of Monte Cristo, and a princess slave to exact revenge on his
enemies. But while Dumas tells a compelling story in over a thousand pages, he is not the best
writer. Often redundant, Dumas has a tendency to take the reader out of the story either with a
jarring comment or extra detail. In addition, in The Count of Monte Cristo specifically, Dumas also
employs another literary technique with strange frequency – the allusion. This paper aims to find the
significance of Dumas' numerous allusions to Shakespeare, and especially to Romeo and Juliet.
Italian author Umberto Eco brings attention to a certain passage in his introduction to The Count of
Monte Cristo. Translated directly from the original French, the passage reads as follows:
Danglars [...] was mechanically tearing off the blossoms of a splendid orange–tree, one after
another. When he had finished with the orange–tree, he began at the cactus but this, not being so
easily plucked as the orange–tree, pricked him dreadfully. (681)
But Eco notes that this passage could also "easily read" (xi) as, One after the other, [Danglars]
mechanically tore the flowers off a magnificent orange tree; then he turned to a cactus which, less
amenable in character, pricked him outrageously. (xi)
Although the first

Futurism
Kris Valladares April 8 2016 ARTH 3334 Professor Orto Futurism and its impact to Graphic
Design As the turn of the century swept Italy off its feet, a thirst for something new and unrelated
to the past was brewing. The experimentation of the Futurist movement drastically changed the way
typography and design were to be handled from 1909 on. Futurism was founded in 1909 by the
Italian poet Filippo Marinetti, originally as a literary movement but quickly expanded to other
artistic disciplines. In that same year Marinetti's Futurist Manifesto, was published in Le Figaro, a
major french newspaper. By having the manifesto printed in such a prominent source of media this
highlighted the urgency and desire for the movement to not remain ... Show more content on
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The adaptive artist was able to create a lasting stamp on Futurism and the design aesthetic of the
period. In Guerrapittura pictured to the right, the viewer can see a number of dynamic elements that
carry throughout this booklet. What sets apart Carra's design aesthetic from Marinetti's is that Carra
gravitates towards a strong linear and almost grid like handling of the type. Carra's forms flow into
one another almost seamlessly and without the reliance of warping the baseline but rather just with
placement, rotation and negative space. Invisible grid systems can be seen when looking at the page
to the farther right side of the image, Carra utilizes a basic three by three grid but then adds
intersecting gridlines to that system to push it further. Guerrapittura shows growth and exploration
of how typography on a page can imply

Realism In Umberto D
The Italian Neo–realist film Umberto D directed by Vittorio De Sica follows the life of elderly
Umberto Domenico Ferrari, a pensioner struggling to get by after pensions have been reduced post
World War II. In the aftermath of major tragedy and suffering, such as the war that Umberto lived
through, hope can be hard to find. Society is a web of dependence. Individuals rely on the
government to provide a support structure of benefits and protection. Individuals count on each
other for love and validation. When one strand of the web collapses, disaster can result. In this case,
the government let Umberto down by not providing his pension. His life tilts on the edge, but the
dependence of his dog brings it back into balance. Umberto D shows how ... Show more content on
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At certain points throughout the movie, he tries to step in as a father figure for her. He asks her if
she has done her grammar assignment. When she responds no he replies, "Everyone takes advantage
of the ignorant." Umberto also promises to talk to the two soldiers who one of which she suspects
may be the father to get them to them to take responsibility. Maria does return the relationship, she
trusts him enough that he is the only one she tells that she is pregnant and does not know who the
father is and she agrees to watch Flike while he is in the hospital, however; when one of the nuns at
the hospital asks Umberto is Maria is his daughter he jokingly responds yes but she is quick to say
no. She leaves soon after. Isolation brings these two together but their relationship doesn't go much
deeper than that and Maria has too many of her own issues to fully be there for Umberto. The only
constant presence in Umberto's life is his dog

Les Demoiselles D Avignon
Alex T. Harris
09/30/2015
HUM2250 10am
Les Demoiselles d' Avignon" and "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Have you ever asked yourself what is modern art? Well, before the nineteeth century came around
artists were commissioned by wealthy people to make artwork for institutions like the Roman
Catholic Church. Most of this artwork consisted of religious mythological scenes. During the
nineteeth century, artists began to make art about people, places, or ideas. With the popularization of
people talking about the subconscious mind, many artists began to look into dream symbolism and
many subjective expriences. Artists began to use many different colors, techniques, mediums, and
non–traditional materials. Besides the difference in hands–on techniques ... Show more content on
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Umberto Boccioni was born on October 19, 1882 in Reggio Calabria, Italy. He was a world
renowned sculptor who practiced Futurism, Cubism,and Neo–impressionism. Boccioni started
sculpting in 1912, and it eventually became an obsession. Umberto work would depict a synnthetic
continuity of motion instead of an analytical discontinuity in which he saw in the artist Frantisek
Kupka and Marcel Duchamp. Boccioni made a number of interesting sculptures including his 1913,
Development of a Bottle in Space. Umberto was part of the

Essay on Cultures Influences on Art
Cultures Influences on Art With changes in culture, come changes in art. Throughout history,
artworks have been produced as an imitation of the culture and society in which they were created.
The cultural frame examines the meaning of artworks in relation to the social perspective of the
community from which it grows. A reflection can be seen in Manet's realist artwork of Olympia, and
similarly, Umberto Boccioni's Unique forms of Continuity and Space reflects different beliefs and
conventions merely as a result of societal changes. Pop Art works such a Andy Warhol's Marilyn x
100 and Post – modern works, such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These particular artists chose to focus their interests on worldly, real, raw and pure subjects. They
wished to create simple art, painting exactly what they saw and how they saw it. Among these artists
was Edouard Manet. Manet was known as a rebel for his time most likely because of his rebellion
against Classic and Romantic traditions and his confronting and stirring painting of Olympia. Manet
takes Titian's Venus of Urbino as his model, yet instead of following accepted French art practices of
depicting historical, biblical or mythical themes, he paints a woman of his time. The subject is a real
female courtesan lying nude on a bed in a provocative position, with one hand covering her
genitalia. He paints in his own manner of quick, rough, visible brushstrokes and replaces deep
perspective with two flat frames. Olympia was a very confronting artwork to society as although
many middle and upper class gentlemen of the time were frequent customers of courtesans and
prostitutes, but being confronted by one on a canvas in a gallery was something different. Manet has
broken away from traditional practices of art in the 1860s, and created a unique realist artwork
depicting a common scene.
Dramatic events such as the Industrial Revolution, World Wars, and changes in the social world,
influenced new ideas and technology which revolutionized the way artworks

The Futurist Art Movement And Its Significant Impact On...
1. Introduction The futurist art movement and its characteristic manifestos had a significant impact
on 'modernist' art movements since the 20th century. Aside from founder Filippo Tommaso
Marinetti, who was a poet, many manifestos were written by painters or about visual art: Marinetti's
two founding manifestos were directly followed by three manifestos by Umberto Boccioni, Carlo
Carrà, Giacomo Balla, Luigi Russolo, and Gino Severini, all of whom were painters. In 1911,
composer Francesco Balilla Pratella was the first to publish a manifesto concerning futurist music.
With 'The Art of Noises', published for the first time in 1913, Luigi Russolo followed up on
Pratella's ideas with a manifesto that would prove just as, if not more innovative: ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the consensus on 'well–made music' is established according to past ideals and with the
intention to maintain them, it is not oriented towards innovation and remains a stagnant model. The
cycle continues with the publishing of music: As publishers can influence the works which will be
distributed and performed, they can choose to perpetuate the allegedly untouchable ideal as
represented, for example, by Giacomo Puccini or Umberto Giordano. Works similar to this ideal
could then be selected to be performed, but according to Pratella, they would not surpass
'mediocrity' and not cause any innovation. Furthermore, the process of education and recognition
requires money, therefore the factors of status, power and privilege cannot be ignored. Through this
cycle, only someone who has acquired a musical education, conforms to the institutionalised ideals,
and is able to afford their cost can gain recognition as an artist, and eventually become an 'expert' in
their field. It is evident that both Marinetti and Pratella oppose the idea of academic and traditional
educational institutions in their manifestos, and instead propose to abandon them entirely.
Consequently,

Theme Of Vittorio De Sica
Vittorio De Sica is considered one of the most important directors during the time of the Italian
Neorealism movement which occurred after the fall of fascism in Italy. Neorealism revolves around
realistic filmmaking. Rather than produce glossy films to heal the heartbreak in this post war
country, De Sica and several other directors focused on the working class and how fatal the blow of
fascism was. It was an artistic response to an abundance of commercial entertainment films spewing
from Hollywood. Although it was beautiful it was much more than a piece of art, it was
revolutionary. These films offered not the escape that many Italians desired at the time but instead
held a mirror up to the general public. It showed that if the public cares about one family's story on
screen every family's story matters, a crucial point to make after years of a dictatorship that told
them the opposite. The most predominant themes that are portrayed in De Sica's work are poverty,
economic turndown and choices. He displays these uniquely through mise–en–scene, dialogue,
cinematography and attitude. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He must have a bike, unfortunately we learn that previously he was forced to pawn his bike off for
food. Antonio's wife Maria acts quickly and sells their bed linens. This is crucial as it shows the
viewer that the most valuable belonging they own is sheets. Many Italian citizens would have
related to this greatly. De Sica also shows others standing in the que to sell items in return for
money, their faces grave with desperation the cinematography in this scene reminds the viewer that
it is not just the protagonist going through this tough time, its everybody. This highlights the
neorealism style by not singling out one character and focusing on the working class. In many
scenes in the film there are a mass amount of people either walking by or noticeable in the
background and foreground of the

Examples Of Neorealism In Saaam Bombay
Salaam Bombay is an international film success that is influenced by Italian Neorealism. The film
abstracts key elements of the movement such as; nonprofessional actors, location and narrative,
played an important role in creating the meaning for the film. This essay will briefly describe Italian
Neorealism, its aesthetics and political visions throughout the essay. With reference to the film
Salaam Bombay, this essay will connect the influences of it to the film through analysis, with
examples from specific scenes in the film.
Italian Neorealism was a movement in cinema that commented on the descending conditions of
people after an economic destruction, that left many in despair. Italian Neorealism was cinema that
depicted the harsh realities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Narrative is plays a role of importance just as much as the characters themselves. The narrative of
the characters is very much a depiction of reality; fragmented and without a set way of telling a
story. The narrative in the film is structured in a way that is a representation of how we as human
beings live and lead our lives on an everyday basis. the film comments on the struggle of children
and women, and how unjust the system can be against them. For example, in the film, we encounter
Rehka, a prostitute who has a daughter to take care of. As a mother, biggest fear comes to life when
authorities take her child away and place her daughter in an orphanage. They hope to sell off the
virginity of the young girl, and sell her body to the person who pays the biggest price. This depicts
how families can be torn apart due to an unfair economical system that they do not benefit from. The
mother is taken away from her child and feels lost, much like Krishna and his mother, separated
from each other. The film shows how little care people have in families, especially ones that are run
by women. They do not care for them as much as they should. The film is displays a reasonable
amount of references to children and

Compare And Contrast The Use Of Lines In The Works Of...
3–1: Compare and contrast the use of lines in the works of Vincent van Gogh and Sol LeWitt. Lines
can express many things. Like Vincent Van Gogh artwork lines can express emotion, and feelings of
the artist at that time. Vincent Van Gogh "The Starry Night" is example of that. He used loose and
free drawing lines. The lines looked as they were out of control and free. Vincent Van Gogh used
thick, bold strokes of the paint brushes to show a certain "body" of their own which is known as
impasto. It was consistent through he's artwork so it was like a signature he used. Since Van Gogh
was placed at a mental facility. He painted "The starry night". The swirls in the paint seem anger and
full of emotion properly from being placed in this place. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3–2: Implied Line– a line where no continues mark connects one point to another, but where the
connections is nonetheless visually suggested. Lines that create a sense of movement and direction.
Line of Sight–one important kinds of implied line is a function of line of sigh, the direction the
figures in a given composition are looking. Titian artwork together the three separate horizontal area
of the piece; God the father above, the Virgin Mary in the middle and the Apostles below. The lines
that are create are simple, interlocking, symmetrical triangles. The lines are to serve to unify the
worlds of the divine and the mortal.
4–1: Why does Duccio 's painting "Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin" lack linear perspective?
The right side of the bench appears too placed awkwardly to the right and crawling up and into the
wall. The angel arm appear to be reaching though the wall. Duccio Maesta uses foreshortening in
the beams to give the depth in the artwork though. In one point linear perspective lines are drawn on
the picture plane in a way that parallel lines receding to a single point on the viewer's horizon which
are consider vanishing points. Two point linear perspective a more dynamic ccomposition. The two
point linear perspective is where two or more vanishing point are in the composition. So the biggest
difference is that two points have more than two vanishing points and creates a complex
composition.
An example of one point

Essay On How To Talk To Artists At Art Festivals
"How to Talk to Artists at Art Festivals – The Do's and Don'ts (Warning: You've probably been
guilty of at least one of the don'ts...)"
This article popped up in my newsfeed over the weekend and reminded me of the hundreds of other
"What Not to Say to a (fill in the blank)" lists on the Internet. The general tone of most of them is
snarky, but it's snark veiled as an informative piece to educate people about proper etiquette.
Here are a few examples if you're not familiar:
From the "How to Talk to Artists at Art Festivals" list of what not to ask:
How did you make that?
"There is a fine line with this one," the author responds, "as it's all about the context. Often, this
question is asked with the intention of, 'I'll go home and make one ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Yes, I got it. Actually, wait. I'll probably forget by the time I get to the office and write something
you'll be embarrassed about. See. My list makes me sound like a jerk and the truth is those things
don't really bother me. It's part of the job. Shouldn't adults be able to handle people not being Emily
Post in every situation?
As for people not "understanding me as a writer" – like people may not understand the plight of the
artist or bartender – I typically assume this is the case. I assume people don't know how many hours
I spend at meetings or doing research to get one 600–word story, because why would they? My
suspicion is that these lists are like trade magazines and are read primarily by members of the niche
group (artist, adoptive parent, bartender) more than they are by the intended audience. But if I'm
wrong, instead of keeping insensitive, obtuse comments at bay they create an atmosphere of fear.
Instead of saying something insensitive, which may very well have been unintentional, people might
decide not to communicate at all because they don't want to offend. The last thing I want, especially
as a journalist, is for people to be afraid to talk to me openly.
Don't get me wrong I love a good list (grocery lists, to–do lists, playlists), and study after study
shows that the brain responds well to them. Umberto Eco told The Atlantic the list "has an
irresistible magic" and in cultural history has "prevailed over and over again." Agreed.
The

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