Localization And Globalization

Localization And Globalization
Economic globalization has been praised to be the savior of global inequality. However, at the same
time, the tremendous development of developing countries like China accounts for global economy
growth, compensating for other countries' loss in this redistribution of money and resources.
Although both involved in economic globalization, China has driven over 650 million people out of
poverty, while South Africa suffers a 2.3 percent increase in poverty rate. Indeed, distinctive internal
factors prevent countries from growing at the same pace, but such imbalance is now hampering
reduction in global income inequality, which urges us to reaccelerate this process. Talking about
globalization in a business perspective, international businesses globalize their brands by expanding
to foreign markets. And they always prioritize localization when they enter a new market, having
appropriate translated names and tweaking their core services to generate profit. Localization has
been so helpful in the business world that local governments should also be inspired, for example,
adjusting globalization activities locally through domestic trade policies. Glocalization, as stated by
sociologist Roland Robertson, is "the simultaneity – the co–presence – of both universalizing and
particularizing tendencies." Given the current disparity among countries' economic development
through globalization, local governments should adopt the business model of glocalization in order
to maximize national
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Essay on Reasons Behind China’s Enlarging Rural-Urban Divide
Urbanization brings with it a disparity between rural and urban living standards. Nonetheless, in
China this gap has started to become quite severe and has become a cause for concern (Naughton
113). Chinas Gini coefficient is currently at .415, which displays the increasing disparity in the
country ("DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY"). The rural–urban divide begun with the different ways
the Chinese government ran the rural and urban areas. The urban areas were fully under control of
the central government and since they were seen as the building blocks of the country they received
many governmental subsidies. Workers in urban areas received pensions, healthcare, had job
security, cheaper consumer goods due to subsidies and often had access to ... Show more content on
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This is especially true for the poorer regions that cannot afford to greatly subsidize the education
system. This is a problem for the already poorer rural residents and causes many families to not be
able to afford to pay for more than the mandatory 9 years of schooling. Though some areas have
stopped requiring their students to pay tuition China lacks an adequate amount of schools and
parents still have to bear transportation costs (Hussain). This leads to a repetitive cycle of poverty in
which rural children cannot obtain the adequate education that could lead them to obtain a higher
paying job and leave the poverty cycle.
Another issue that contributes to the rural–urban divide is the extremely high cost of health care. In
2006, 39% of the rural population could not afford "professional medical treatment" ("Healthcare in
China"). Even though the government has introduced various systems to try to overcome this lack of
access to medical care, such as the Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and has increased
expenditure on health care, the results of this have not been equally spread. Many rural residents are
still uninsured and have large out of pocket health care expenses. In addition, "80 percent of health
expenditures are allocated to urban areas even though 70 percent of the population resides in rural
areas" ("Healthcare in China"). This is an example of Chinas

How Globalisation has affected developing countries in the...
An important trend occurring in the world economy is the process of globalization. Globalization is
the progressive integration between national economies and the breaking down of barriers between
trade and financial flows around the world, which will eventually lead to the emergence of a single
world market. Globalization has affected many different nations in different ways, depending on
their degree of development and extent to which they are open to the flows of the world economy.
China, which is one of the developing countries, is said to be the next economic super power. Many
guru economists such as Lawrence Summers predict that in the opening decades of the 21st century,
china will match the US and Japanese economies. China ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In China alone the number of people living in poverty declined from 361 million to 204 million. In
the developing countries of Central Asia, poverty has increased by 8 million; globalization and
regional factors were key factors. While reduction is world poverty deserves celebration, it is of
little consolation to those outside the few beneficiary countries. Real social costs may occur even if
aggregate indicators of unemployment and poverty do not deteriorate. Those indicators may mask
the increased" churning" in labor markets and movements in and out of poverty. Perceptions of the
social impacts of globalization are colored by direct experience of job or income losses, regardless
of the overall picture. The mixed pictures of economic performance, employment, inequality and
poverty make it extremely difficult to generalize about the impacts of globalization. Observed
outcomes reflect the combined results of a complex of factors of which globalization, however
broadly defined, is but one. In the developing countries, the social cost of globalization has fallen
disproportionately on women. Many have been adversely affected both absolutely and in relation to
men. For instance, trade liberalization has allowed the import of subsidized agricultural products
and consumer goods that have wiped out the

Improving The Standard Of Gross Domestic Product
To keep the economy running smoothly, to maintain price stability and to alleviate poverty are the
main goals for formulating policies around the world. The experiences of every country are various
as different patterns of economic development. Although it is widely accepted that the reduction of
poverty accompanies the economic growth of a country, which encourages many countries,
especially some developing countries, to concentrate on improving the standard of gross domestic
product (GDP), it is still controversial whether the causal relationship exists or not, for recent
evidence shows that if the measures are not taken appropriately by the government, citizens may
remain impoverished. This essay focuses on China and India, two of the ... Show more content on
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Meanwhile, a similar situation is witnessed in China. In the past decades since 1990, the growth
performance of the Chinese economy has been rising fast with an annual per capita growth rate of
approximately 9%. During this period, living standards in China have improved significantly with
rapid poverty reduction (Chen, 2007; Ravallion, 2008). To be more precise with statistics, from
1989 to 2004, income in Chinese inland provinces doubled (from 1149 yuan to 3537 yuan), while
that in coastal provinces, more than tripled (from 982 yuan to 2338 yuan). This 15–year period has
seen the more rapid growth in urban areas of both coastal and inland provinces. In rural areas,
average household per capita income rose 2.5 times and in urban areas, it multiplied 3 times (Goh et
al, 2008).
However, some further researches indicate that economic growth and poverty reduction do not
appear to be linked as is seen superficially. According to Donaldson's research (2007), comparing
four indicators (poverty rates, GDP, the rich–poor gap and the growth rates in GDP/capita) in many
periods, the result suggests that their relationship is not significant. Besides, there is a
nonsynchronous phase between the changes in poverty and economic growth rates during certain
periods. For instance, during the years 1978 to 1984, rural poverty in China decreased rapidly, even
as the pace of economic growth during much of this time was slowing, this implies that economic

Essay on Poverty and Income Inequality in China
Another Inquiry on the Economic Welfare and Poverty in China
The trade–off between economic growth and redistribution has become one of the major notes
concerning the emerging economies of post–Cold War world. Adding to this struggle the urge to
integrate into the international system while keeping the balances right at home has been another
macro–level concern. In conjunction such liabilities not only necessitates the examination of fiscal
and structural reforms but also the international trends as well within an historical framing. For that
matter the case of China is fascinating in terms of blending these elements of economic and political
changes in the last 30 years. However this attempt is not without a cost. This paper aims to ... Show
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The decreasing role of the state in economic activities seems to be the major cause of this
unbalanced trend. These changes cover a decrease in state–owned enterprises, the increasing number
of laid–off workers and the structural deficiency of the government to provide anti–poverty
programs . On the international scale Fulong Wu & Ningying Huang argue that the industrial shift
from labor–intensive to very competitive capital and technology–intensive sectors was another
reason for China to fail achieving the balance between growth and redistribution . The consequences
of these changes are the increasing rates of unemployment in the late 1990s and the inability of the
working class to rapidly adapt to the demands of the employment market.
The rapid economic growth was perceived as an airbag against the threat of urban poverty. However
the gradual alienation of a particular segment of the unemployed alarmed the officials about the
irreversibility and respective social tension in the society. Fulong Wu & Ningying Huang defines
those as the "outsiders" of the Chinese society who are living in the poverty line of $1 (PPP) as
determined by the World Bank. Those outsiders have no hope of returning to the labor market. For
that matter there is defined a new urban poverty in China that could even impede the economic
growth if remained neglected. In such circumstances without

Globalization Has Changed The Economic Condition Of A...
Globalization is a communication and connection between person–to–person, local–to–local and
nation–to–nation to preserve and develop trade, technology, education, and etc. There are a couple
aspects of globalization to count on, but this essay will be focusing on one specific dimension of
globalization. Mostly, this essay will examine economic aspect of globalization as well as it will
conduct a research: how globalization has changed the economic condition of a country or the lives
of people. Moreover, this article will discuss free trade and its contribution to developing
globalization. Furthermore, it will touch to the history of globalization and compare history with
today's globalization and its progress. Finance plays an important role in the nation's development,
therefore it is very essential to discover how the process of globalization is contributing to economic
development of a nation. Globalization is not a modern phenomenon, but it started thousand years
ago. In chapter two of book "Globalization Reader", author Amartya Sen has shown a timeline of
early globalization. He discussed arguments regarding globalization. One of the controversial issues
was is globalization a new western curse? Today's people think globalization started from the west
and eventually expanded throughout the eastern part of the world. However, the author of "How to
Judge Globalization" Sen Amartya clarified that globalization is not necessarily western, but it was
located far from the

Economic Globalization And Chinese Poverty
Economic globalization has been a crucial role and a very commonly discussed issue in today's
world. As explained in the book "International Business", the term economic globalization means
increasing economic interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world
through acceleration of cross–border movements of goods, services, technology, and capital (Joshi).
Many people's first impression of economic globalization would be the significant economic growth
and higher living standards it creates, especially in East Asian developing countries. Recently, a
heated conversation about economic globalization centers around its effectiveness in reducing
worldwide poverty. Economic globalization has shown an unprecedented ... Show more content on
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Therefore, economies that joined globalization grow significantly faster and steadier, and the
growth, in turn, will prompt developments in poverty reduction.
Economic growth is the most powerful instrument for reducing poverty and improving the quality of
life in developing countries by creating jobs, transforming society and driving human development.
As trade goes on, economic globalization introduces new companies to another and increases
employment across the globe. When people have a job, they have a relatively stable income, and
thus become better off than before. One key of UN Millennium Goals is to halve the proportion of
people living under the international poverty line of $1.25 per day by 2015 from its 1990 level.
Thanks to the amazing speed of economic globalization, this prime target of the Millennium
Development Goals was achieved around 2008, seven years earlier than planned (Chandy and
Gertz). It is more surprising that only the six years from 2005 to 2011 would likely reduce half a
million of people in poverty while the same feat had taken 25 years up to 2005. Needless to say, the
speed continues to increase. Economic globalization is never simply a notion suggesting theoretical
benefits in textbook, but has been making great actual progress in the recent decades.
China has been the biggest winner in this reallocation of resources and

Urban Poverty in China
Over the past two decades, China has experienced rapid economic growth, which has also brought
about a rise in social and economic inequality. A nation that once operated under the principle of
egalitarianism, China now struggles with a level of inequality that has surpassed most of its East
Asia neighbours. In the 1980's, poverty was a problem restricted mainly to rural areas, but recently it
has forayed into urban areas as well. Since the mid–1990's, urban poverty has grown at a very fast
pace under the influence of globalization (Fulong, Webster, and Yuting 5). The economic
restructuring of China is a huge contributor to this phenomenon. The Chinese government officially
recognized urban poverty as a problem in 2001 through a report ... Show more content on
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The earliest of these attempts was by expanding higher education, which succeeded in matriculation,
but did not provide sufficient stimulus towards consumption as families opted to save for higher
education. The attempt to commercialize the housing market also ended up in a similar scenario, as
families opted to increase their savings in order to afford the higher prices charged for apartments
(Riskin and Qin 25). The urban poverty problem arises from the disparity between lack of income
growth and massive growth in social wealth (Fulong, Webster, and Yuting 37). In order to remedy
this problem, the government should not develop policies targeting only the poor; instead, it should
ensure that there exists a resource framework that is not only adequate for rich and middle class
needs, but one that is accessible to everyone. A strategic readjustment that ensures commensurate
growth in both social and economic wealth would be highly beneficial to the people (Wanlong and
Wong 26). The growth of incomes for residents should be strengthened and should also be
accompanied by reforms in state–owned corporations.
One of the ways to remedy the consumption problem is through a rise in income levels and
implementation of reforms in monopolized state–owned industries to bring about income
redistribution. Income redistribution is a government role that can be attained through proper fiscal
policies like tax reforms to ensure a balanced and fair

Rapid Economic Growth In China Essay
For the past three decades, critics have immersed themselves in the discourse of China's rapid
economic growth and development. For a socialist regime, the emergence on China's remarkable
economic achievement has been one of the world's most unprecedented success stories. Sai–leung
Ng (2000) emphasized on China's success, describing China as the country with the most rapid
economic growth of the time. Paul Collier (2007) noted that individuals in the west were starting to
get worried that China was converging to quickly with the western economy. To support Collier's
comment, Jean–Francois Huchet (2006) rated the Chinese economy among the top five leading
economies in the world. In the book, Why Nations Fail, Acemoglu and Robinson (2012, p. 86)
exhibit their astonishment stating 'China has made great strides towards inclusive economic
institutions, strides that underpin its spectacular growth over the past thirty years'. Conversely,
Acemoglu and Robinson (2012, p. 443) conceptualized the framework that 'China achieved its
economic growth by shifting away from extractive economic institutions and implemented inclusive
economic institutions...' Yasheng Huang (2012) has exemplified a theoretical concept insinuating
that China's rapid growth substantially resulted from its rural reform. In his article, How Did China
Take Off, Huang (2012) argued that China's "take–off" in economic growth was completely a
function of its rural development and internal reforms. This initiated the

Essay On Mao's Last Dancer
The autobiography, Mao's Last Dancer written by Li Cunxin, is effective in raising awareness of the
injustice the Chinese people experienced during Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution and later
communist policies in China. When Li's parents got married in 1946, they were not living in
poverty. However, when the Japanese invaded China during WWII and forced all the civilians into
communes, Mao then kept these communes and the Li family lost their wealth–they faced injustice
and marginalisation. The Chinese population were marginalised by Mao's use of communist
principles and propaganda. They were forced into believing Mao's views–that the West (Capitalist
countries) were filthy and bad, while China was good. Li's visit to America was an eye–opener. ...
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Mao was supposed to make everyone in China equal and yet Li's family lived in poverty and there
were other families such as the Chongs who lived a significantly better lifestyle. Li is exposed to all
sorts of people from all sorts of backgrounds during his time at the Dance Academy. Li meets
Xiongjun Chong and they form a friendship. It soon becomes clear that the Chong family did not
live as Li's family did in the commune. "I brought back some Beijing sweets and a bag of jasmine
tea from the Chongs as gifts to my family, and some marbles which were an enormous hit among
my brothers and friends" (pg 169). Li's family never had sweets or jasmine tea, yet the Chongs had
enough to give away to another family. When Li went to America and saw how the people from the
West lived, he finds it unbelievable. "Ben spent nearly $5000 on presents in a couple of hours...My
family could live on this amount for over half a century. It was shocking" (pg 277). Everything in
America was so different to life in China. It was also different to how China portrayed

China's High Dependence On Child Labor
Child labor is a commonplace in China. Most of the children in China, families work income is
dependent on their family's survival. Child labor is a major issue throughout the global economy,
especially in developing countries like China. Although, China has anti–child labor laws, many
children in China are forced to work against their will. China is the home of many poor families and
some of these families force their children to work because of their struggle with poverty and their
lack of income. China's urban poverty is mainly related to the living conditions of migrant laborers
(Huang, 2012, p. 36). Many children start work at twelve years of age and younger and do not get
the opportunity to finish school. These children have to work ... Show more content on
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Having these young children working instead of being in school becoming educated, hinders China's
future development. Attendance at many China schools are declining, since children start to work in
fields and factories at a younger age each year. Many children lie about their age or falsify their
birth certificates to be able to work in factories with no overtime pay and late night shifts. There are
many reasons children begin work at such a young age in China, but one reason these children are
taking part in the work force at a young age is because they can't afford the school cost. Some social
implications are the family's financial standing, the Chinese cultural beliefs, and the lack of
government actions. Child labor in China is a major problem that has existed for many years, but it
still has not been acted on completely. Even with the many child labor laws, the Chinese
government has not yet buckled down on child labor. Although collective bargaining is allowed
under the current labor law, an independent union movement capable of negotiating workers'
interests claims does not yet exist in China (Oakley, 2002, p. 70). The Chinese government seems to
have a soft enforcement when it comes to child labor. Child labor has been banned largely and has
become very limited, however lately it has emerged again in a few factories that manufacture
electronic products. To hire a child

Globalization, Glt1, Task 1 Essays
Globalization Western Governors University Globalization refers to the development of an
integrated world economy, exchange of cultural views, thoughts, and products (Wikipedia, 2013).
Pologeorgis (2012) states that, essentially globalization began with the exploration and settlement of
new lands. Communication and transportation advances have aided in this process. Two non–
Western countries that have been impacted by globalization are India and China. India opened its
doors to globalization during the nineteen nineties following an economic crisis in which the
country almost defaulted on loans (Balakrishnan, n.d.). Before globalization India purposely isolated
itself from world markets and was in a state of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Western culture has had an impact on traditional Chinese society. The West's impact can be seen in
the advertisement of Western products, acceptance of Western business, and change of thought to
accept Western ideals. Examples of this include the prevalence of foreign companies in the country
like McDonalds, Nike, and Marriott. A change in ideals was expressed by Jaffe (2012) who wrote
that while living in China she noticed that foreign advertisements often featured Western models.
Curious about this she asked her Chinese friends about it. They explained that by Chinese standards
big eyes, fair skin, and a pronounced nose was thought to be beautiful. Western influence in China
seems to only be influencing major cities with villages only being influenced by globalization when
it is forced upon them like it was during the 2008 Olympics when one town was displaced so that
Olympic facilities could be built (Ames, n.d.). Some would also suggest that the influence of
Western media through the use of the internet, or American media had led to a loss of their
traditional language as the people begin to speak chi–English (Chang, n.d.). From all of this is plain
to see that globalization can have positive and negative effects upon a society, but a country that
refuses to open its doors to the world face economic stagnation and poverty for its people. Those

Deng Xiaoping's Massive Reform Set China on a...
He was the Napoleon of China. At just four feet eleven inches tall. Deng Xiaoping set China on a
sky–rocketing course. When Deng Xiaoping took control of China in 1978 the economy was in "a
backwards state", also in the early 1980s more than 80% of China was in poverty, but two decades
later after the massive reforms of Deng Xiaoping, the poverty level drastically decreased. This
incredible task could have only been done though the outstanding leadership and policies of people
like Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping was a revolutionary and truly paramount leader, who recreated
the Chinese economy for rapid modernization; adopted ideas capitalism bringing millions of
Chinese citizens out of poverty, and instigating rapid economic growth; and he ... Show more
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In 1978 when Deng came into official power China had greatly suffered economically. This was the
result of the orthodox socialist and communist policies implemented largely during the Cultural
Revolution. China's economic growth in the 1960s and 1970s was very slow, almost stagnant (World
Bank), this lead to the expected result of being left in the dust by many countries in Asia, such as
Japan. Also in 1978 the population of China living in a rural situation was at least 76.3% (Reuters)
of the total Chinese population, equivalent to around 743,463,800 people living in China. However
when Deng took over and put his economic policies in place, which included, but were not limited
to: opening China to foreign trade. His other economic policies eased the government control over
economics and it resulted in a large boost of economic growth, this economic growth extended even
past the time he resigned in the 1990s. For instance the GDP (Gross Domestic Product, a determiner
of the quality of life) per capita in 1978 was 154.07 billion U.S dollars (World Bank), just 30 years
later the Chinese GDP per capita in 2008 skyrocketed to 3,170 billion U.S dollars (World Bank).
This increase from 154.07 billion U.S dollars to 3,170 billion U.S dollars represents an approximate
whopping 20.57% increase in its GDP in only 30 years after Deng implemented his reforms and

Poverty: Causes of a Global Phenomenon
Poverty: Causes of a global phenomenon Overall, world poverty rates continue to stagnate, despite
much–heralded growth in China and India. "Today the annual median per capita income in
developing countries is $3,000, a figure that indicates only modest progress since 1975, when the
median income level was about $2,500. Over this same time period, median per capita income in
developed countries increased from about $15,000 to more than $25,000" (Poverty reduction and
growth: Virtuous and vicious circles, 2012, World Bank: 103). Furthermore, poverty reduction even
in the developing world has not been equal: "while China experienced annual per capita growth of
about 8.5 percent between 1981 and 2000, reducing poverty by 42 percentage points, Latin
America's per capita GDP declined by 0.7 percent during the 1980s and increased by about 1.5
percent per year in the 1990s, with no significant changes in poverty levels" than $25,000" (Poverty
reduction and growth: Virtuous and vicious circles, 2012, World Bank: Introduction). While China's
exponential rise in growth is heartening, "China accounts for nearly all the world's reduction in
poverty," and "excluding China, poverty fell only by around 10%" (Shah, 2012, Poverty around the
world). This contradicts one common theory about poverty: that overall economic expansion and
growth will be enough to liberate the world's poor. "Almost half the world over three billion people
live on less than $2.50 a day" and from a macro

Cuban Revolution Research Paper
"Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun." Mao Zedong, the dictator of China during the
Chinese revolution, stated. Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro were both very monumental believers in
war tactics, especially guerilla warfare which is a tactic in which smaller, irregular armies or
civilians use military tactics to go against a larger army.. The Cuban and Chinese revolutions
consisted of blood, famine, abuse of power, and, on contrast, unity. Fidel Castro led the Cuban
revolution as a substantial declaration of independence from dictatorship. However, many historians
debate on what accelerators of the revolutions were most impactful. The Chinese and Cuban
Revolutions were both heavily rooted by substandard economic state where the government ... Show
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With this destitute economic status, lower classes in both China and Cuba got little to no money and
were unable to support their families. At this time, communism was starting to emerge and
communist parties in both Cuba and China began to spark rebellions and protests. In China, women
were oppressed and dominated by men. They were forced to work in factories and treated as
inferior, but, men also were forced to work in factories and were resented by higher class men..
Lower classes, due to the lingering belief in Confucianism, where women were expected to obey
and serve their fathers, brothers, and men, were working hours on end to feed their families, or at
least try to, while the higher class was enjoying themselves until lower classes did not stand for
inferiority. (Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century) In Cuba,
abundant class divisions were also due to racism. Freed slaves, or men and women of color were
oppressed as Fidel Castro did not fight in favor of slaves, but more in favor of Cubans in poverty.
("Theorizing the Cuban Revolution". Latin American Perspectives 36 ). However, in China, the
working class grew wealthier and wealthier. Despite the destitute working conditions, economy
proceeded to improve. In Cuba, the countryside residents lived in extreme poverty. Sugar production
was abundant, and the macheteros, sugarcane cutters who only worked four months a year, formed

Inequality In Brazil
The BRICS as developing countries have more recently industrialized than developed ones,
however they are considered to be emerging economically at a very fast rate along with having a
growing impact and weight on the international scale. Nevertheless, those countries are highly
vulnerable and affected by poverty and inequalities, jeopardizing their capacity to have some sort of
control in global institutions (Miles Kahler, 2013, page 721). Some of the most important issues
developing countries encounter, slowing down their growths are related to poverty along with
inequality. This is the reason why certain worldwide institutions such as the World Bank set
objectives, in an attempt to lift people out of poverty and decrease inequalities among ... Show more
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In China, the rapid economic growths that marked the last decades haven't reduced the gap in terms
of poverty between the rural and urban areas. According to China's State Statistical Bureau (SSB):
"50 million people, 31 per cent of the rural population, were living in poverty in 1978" (Mark
Selden, 1999, page 3184). All of those poor areas were located in the countryside; however, this
number was reduced in half only 7 years later in 1985, with around 125 million people leaving
under in poverty. As a matter of fact, many macro–economic policies were launched by the
government aiming at providing higher wages to those living in poverty counties by redistributing
funds (Mark Selden, 1999, page3185). Nevertheless, those who were lifted out of poverty remain
extremely sensible to any economic variations, since they are still really close to the threshold. The
World Bank added that in the 1980s, we don't really notice a real decline in poverty: "The
population living in poverty stabilised at approximately 9 per cent of the total" (Mark Selden, 1999,
page 3185). Also China fails to properly assess the success and potential effects those policies might
have in improving poverty. Also the fiscal decentralization annulled the positive outcomes the
policies brought by reallocating resources to the poorest areas (Mark Selden, 1999, page 3187)
Inequalities remain in this communist country, and I think

Analysis Of The Bridge Of Winds
The Bridge of Winds Rural communities, consisting of primarily minority groups, are predominately
found throughout western China, each rich with their own traditions and values. Despite differences
in their unique cultures, a large majority of them live underprivileged lives. The wealth gap in China
has been increasing rapidly since the opening of the economy to global trade with the creation of a
free market in the 1980's. As a result of the economy's growth, many residents in urban metropolitan
areas of China have obtained extravagant wealth, while the rural western portion of China remains
decades behind in development. One minority ethnic group in particular, the Lisu, live in the
foothills and mountains that separate southwestern China from Myanmar in Yunnan province.
Throughout this paper, I will analyze the documentary, Bridge of Winds, which followed the daily
lives of the Lisu people in fall of 1992, to purposefully show the negative effects of the wealth gap
towards rural populations within China because of their lack of access to education, the intensive
labor required for survival, and the meager lifestyles they are forced lead because of their low
income.
The documentary focuses on the daily life of one man and his family. Yamosa is a twenty–five–
year–old Lisu villager who provides for his two small boys, Ado and Ato, his wife, Nachuhei, and
grandfather, Jimeishang through primarily subsistence farming. He received very little schooling, as
is common for the

Economic Inequality In The United States
"With more attention being paid to economic inequality in the United States, it's also worth looking
at how the nation compares globally", says Drew Desilver. People tend to want to be wealthy like
the upper class because we fear poverty, when in reality it is one of the highest global risk concerns.
Reasons are led to believe because of technology, changes in organizations and jobs, and the
differences in education. Poverty is the state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount.
The Census Bureau uses two similar versions of money salary thresholds that fluctuate by household
size and distribution to determine who is in poverty. If a household total income is less than the
appropriate households threshold, then every individual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many job will hire you with a high school diploma but it will not pay more than an medium income.
And according to the ILPoverty Report, there are 567,548 Illinoisans with an high school diploma or
less. College is very expensive for people living in poverty because now they have to pay for their
families funds plus housing, books, tuition, and etc. And being raised in Chicago, only two of my
friends went to college ,out of the seven, including myself. The public schools even has an age limit
on when you can enter your child in kindergarten.
However, in China children are starting their formal education at two years old While I had begun
learning the basics such as alphabets and numbers at the age of four.Everyone starts their education
at various of ages but China has two year olds in school and by the first semester of first grade,
students are expected to recognize 400 Chinese characters and write 100 of them. In 2010, more
than 60% of high school students graduated in China now attending an university. They had over
1,200,00 IT professionals and is adding technical graduates each year, as of the year 2007, being
ranked #1 in the

The Failure Of Socialism In Venezuela
In recent years, an increasing number of professors, commentators, journalists, and teens on social
media have claimed that capitalism has failed. What usually follows are suggestions to usher in a
new wave of socialism, as if the chaos in Venezuela is somehow non–existent or something truly
desirable.
Perhaps the definition of failure has changed as in the last century capitalism has created wealth like
nothing done previously in human history. At the same time, socialism has spent the last century
subjecting millions of innocent people to tyranny and poverty. But somehow, its tenets live on in the
millennial of the world's richest countries. And what has followed is an arbitrary connection
between the free enterprise system and declining rates of economic and social phenomena. So with
the charges against capitalism more severe than ever before, we may as well present the facts.
In the early 19th century, over 90 percent of the world was living in absolute poverty. Today that
figure is 14 percent. From just 1981 to 2011, the poverty rate decreased by 67 percent. Half of those
living in the poorer nations of the world three decades ago were living in extreme poverty. By 2012,
that number had fallen to 21 percent. In the last two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Third World calorie intake has risen by 30 percent in the last half century. In 1970, 960 million
people in developing countries experienced malnutrition. By 1991, that figure was 830 million, and
in 1996 it was 790 million. During the 1990s, the number of people starving diminished by an
average of 6 million every year while the world's population grew by nearly 800 million. Since the
1970s, hunger has fallen 30 percent in East and Southeast Asia. Within the first two decades of the
20th century, Sweden was declared free from chronic malnutrition. Hunger in India decreased by 90
percent following the replacement of 4 decades worth of disastrous socialist

Is Ghana Adopt A Similar Strategy?
It is a well known fact that there cannot be a particular solution which could fix overnight the
problems of many developing economies, however owing to its nature and holistic characteristic; a
development oriented poverty alleviation is the much needed solution to see Ghana actually leap out
of her economic woes.
The example of Dingxi's anti poverty drive readily comes to mind and this paper highly
recommends that Ghana should adopt a similar strategy designed along her unique characteristics.
The next part of the chapter, discusses the experiences of Gansu Province / Dingxi as far as creating
the right atmosphere for poverty alleviation is concerned and lessons in it for Ghana.
5.1 PROFILE OF GANSU/ANDING DISTRICT DINGXI CITY.
5.1.1 GANSU PROVINCE
Gansu is located in the north–western part of China. It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu
plateaus and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to its north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to
the west, Sichuan to the south and Shaanxi to the East. The yellow river passes through the southern
part of the province.
Gansu, an ethnic diverse province is made up of a population of 26.0334 million people, and has
about 54 different nationalities dwelling in the area (Gansu China 2004) Gansu covers an area of
425,800 km2 (164,400 sq m) and has Lanzhou as its capital (Gansu Provincial People 's
Government 2015).
The province is rich in the cultivation of a variety of agricultural products and herbal medicines, for
which reason it has

Maos Last Dancer
China during the Cultural Revolution was a place where you were told what to do, and what to say.
Today I will be speaking to you about Mao's Last Dancer, the film adaption of the autobiography of
Li Cunxin. To begin with, I will speak about the Cultural Revolution in China, where the story is set.
Li's story took place during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of China, commonly known as
the Cultural Revolution. This revolution took place from 1966 to 1976, lead by Mao Zedong, who
was the leader of the Communist Party of China at the time. The Cultural Revolution led to millions
of people being persecuted and thousands more being killed. Because of the Cultural Revolution,
people no longer had freedom of speech and actions. If ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Li tells him he shouldn't be saying those things because he might get in trouble but the man simply
laughs and tells him that they are in America, they can say whatever they want.
The theme of love also takes a great part in this film. When Li went to America, he became involved
in a secret relationship with a girl called Elizabeth Mackey. This relationship was kept secret from
Ben, because Li didn't want to cause him any trouble. However, when Li wanted to stay in America,
Elizabeth and he got married because China recognised international marriage. This however, did
cause a lot of trouble. Consul Zhang of the Chinese Government tried to convince Li to return to
China, telling him that marriages between the east and west never work because of the differences in
culture.
Not only was Consul Zhang and the other Chinese officials furious at Li's decision to marry
Elizabeth, but Ben was also extremely agitated because Li had jeopardised Ben's chance at going on
a ballet tour in China, as the Chinese officials would think that Ben had to do with Li's decision.
This demonstrates the relationship that China had with other countries of the world, they didn't want
foreign people coming into their country and influencing their people into going against the Chinese
government.
The Chinese officials in Mao's Last Dancer are depicted to be people of power, but using that power
incorrectly. When Li was detained by the Consulate–General it showed how

Economic Globalization
As international business cannot make profit in a new market if remained unchanged in this wave of
fast–changing globalization, localization helps them adapt to their new international markets and
effectively gain the most out of this process. If localizing in the era of globalization is so helpful,
why can't countries as a whole also learn from it to better adapt to the macro–environment of
economic globalization? Glocalization, as stated by sociologist Roland Robertson, "the simultaneity
– the co–presence – of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies," can be applied beyond
business to reduce existing income inequalities in the world caused by disparity among countries'
development. To promote glocalization, local government should understand its country's internal
factors so that it can enact changes to its infrastructure to adapt to economic globalization and solve
accompanying challenges such as increased income inequality within the country.
To gauge an overall performance of economic globalization in the world, poverty reduction and
income level together provide a quantitative evaluation. Using data across 114 countries from 1983
to 2007, Andreas Bergh and Therese Nilsson from Research Institute of Industrial Economics found
a significant negative relationship between globalization and poverty, robust to several econometric
specifications (Bergh and Nilsson, 42–61). In general, as supported by many statistics, economic
globalization has successfully

Film Analysis : Mardi Gras
Jacqueline Mason
Women's Studies
Kim Jensen
November 19, 2015 Mardi Gras: Made in China: Film Analysis Film director David Redmon,
created the documentary Mardi Gras: Made in China, following the trail of beads from a factory in
China to Bourbon Street during Mardi Gras, emotionally exposing the imbalances of globalization.
Redmond skillfully illuminates the clash of cultures by comparing American excess and consumer
ignorance against the harsh life of the Chinese factory worker. The film began with the Mardi Gras
celebration in New Orleans where people gathered to party, drink alcohol, and expose themselves in
exchange for brightly colored plastic bead necklaces. The stories follows four teenage women
workers, providing insights ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pay would be about 10 cents per necklace or about $62 per month The factor employed about
400 people. 90% women sitting elbow to elbow. The factory owner, explained that he employed
mainly women aged fourteen and nineteen, because they were easier to control than the men. He
employed men only for the jobs that required heavy lifting. These workers lived in the factory
provided housing and were feed meals. They generally worked between 10–14 hours workdays
everyday with the exception of the two–week Chinese New Year celebration, a time when all
employees, including the factory owner, went home to be with their families.. There would not be
any talk amongst themselves while they were working and the employees must wear red hat so that
he could keep track of the employees whereabouts. The owner states that if they felt the need to
socialize they could do it on their breaks or on their day off. Workers' official day off was Sunday,
but they were often assigned to work in order to meet production goals. Failure to meet production
quotas, resulted in a ten percent pay cut. One worker even stressed that her quote was to paint 200
pieces however could only finish 100 at the most. It was repeatedly stressed that punishment was
very important for keeping the workers focused on their tasks. Attempting to organize labor could
result in punishment, too.
The lack of resources and capabilities to fulfill the basic needs of life, access to food,

Togo's Economy
Years after independence, the politico–economic system of Togo was strongly influenced by French
settlers, not only in the field of foreign trade and investment in export goods but also in the
monetary and budgetary policies. At that time, Togo's economy was prosperous and its
macroeconomic aggregates showed signs of growth.
Afterward in the 1980–90s, exogenous and endogenous factors had caused Togo's economy to
stagnate. Among these factors were the deterioration of the terms of trade, the suspension of
development aid from Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs), the CFA franc devaluation and the socio–
economic crisis, just to mention a few. The failure of the four (4) consecutive five–year plans had
been a determining factor to this economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, many researches show the intrinsic link between Economic Development Patterns
(EDPs) and the reduction of the poverty rate. HPAEs most successful economies, especially China,
have attested of this correlation meaning that EDPs impact positively on economic growth cutting
down the incidence of poverty. To corroborate this argument as an example, the modeling of
Chinese economy in the 1978's reforms had greatly contributed to the economic recovery of China.
Therefore, beyond the economic cooperation that links Togo and China in the areas of trade and
Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs), China's EDP might be one of the solution approaches to solve
development challenges that Togo faces.
Nevertheless, it is obvious that differences may exist between China and Togo, not only in the size
of the economy but also in the political and economic systems. Should these differences be relevant
to question the EDP

China's One Child-Policy Essay
In Chinese society they try keeping the world a balance and equality to women and their kids. A
world full of all men and you won't be able to see any female, that's what's happening in china right
now because of the one child–policy. Can you imagine what's going to happen when Chinese culture
is destroyed because of males taking over and reducing female gender, more crime, and also the
most important thing would be war going one. The one child–policy should not exist because
reduction of female gender can cause culture affect and economic wise and violating social equality.
In 1964, the first national family planning to oversee china's fertility reduction programs, which
focused on urban areas with modern medical facilities and access to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However females believe they don't have the same exact right as the males in china, women should
have rights choosing their child birth, being there for their family, economic growth, and also having
time with their kids and having the money. Women in China are not forced abandon their baby.
Women have a choice in choosing whether or not they want to have another child. Look at this in
China as the population is growing and going crazy, family members won't have enough money to
provide for their family. Families are scared that if they have another child they will go into poverty
and not have enough time. "Money or even mental strength for another kid" (Liv, Beech Hannah). If
women had a choice in choosing if they wanted another kid in their life or not whether they can
economically support it or not why are the government controlling them and forcing them to get an
abortion. A 31– year old manager in China who is a female just had her second son and they made
her pay a fine total of 30,000 Yuan ($4,760) that's a lot of money which equally to her annual salary
for violating China's one–child policy. Chinese people believe it's not fair, that the government gets
to choice how many kids women can have and if they decide to have one they will have
consequences which Chinese people are terrified of. Girls are not relied on in China. Guy's duties
are the

Economic Development Of Niger : Economic Growth And...
"As of January 2016, the population of Niger was estimated to be 19.8 million and a population
growth rate of 3.9%, one of the fastest population growth rates in the world", (World Bank para 1)
according to the article "The World Bank in Niger." Niger is a politically unstable country with no
food security, and many natural disasters. Niger having one of the fastest growing population rates
in the world is not a beneficial factor for a developing country to have. The children of Niger are
being born quickly, and then are forced to live in poverty. These children are illiterate and forced to
start the labor force at an early age. Niger is not economically strong enough to be producing
children at such an increasing rate; therefore, Niger must enforce a one or two child policy in order
to address their economic troubles.
Niger is a landlocked nation in west Africa. The country itself is one of the poorest in our world, and
developing extremely slow. The government of Niger is semi–presidential, in other words, Niger
elects a president as well as a prime minister. Niger is extremely poor due to the lack of economic
growth. According to the article "Economic Freedom", "The financial system remains
underdeveloped, weak, and fragmented, reflecting the small size of the formal economy" (Economic
freedom 1). Although Niger is economically small, the population itself grows extremely fast. A
population rate growing such increasingly fast requires a politically and economically

North Korea versus China GDP
In the geo–political world of 2014, there are two countries that stand in the forefront of Communist
regimes. One would expect that with similar systems of governance, both countries would imitate,
or begin to imitate, one another. The policies that deal with human rights, poverty, education, and
hunger should be similar, if not the same. In the Western world where democracy is preached and
practiced, the living standards and labor conditions are comparable. Just as the fatalities are low in
the factories of Western Europe, they are just as low in America. Two countries with similar
governments, on paper and in practice, should enforce similar policies. Ironically, two of the few
Communist regimes in the world today could not be more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
North Korea has a very short history as its own sovereign nation. Immediately after being released
from the Chinese empire, the country experienced civil unrest until it fell under the reign of the
Japanese empire. North Korea stayed under Japanese occupation until 1945 when Japan had to
relinquish its land holdings as a punishment for World War II. As a result, the northern part of
Korea–north of the 38th parallel–went to the Soviet Union and the southern part of Korea went to
the United States. In 1948, the Soviet Union pulled out of North Korea, and two years later, North
Korea invaded South Korea to start the Korean War. In 1953, an armistice was signed between
North Korea and South Korea. Unfortunately, after the countries involved in the war started to settle
back down, a number of factors caused the North Korean economy to take a turn for the worst.
Among those many factors are the fall of the Soviet Union and the intense floods, but ultimately it
was the culmination of faulty actions taken by a corrupt government that took the economy down.
Instead of the focusing on the nutrition of its people, the North Korean government spent more time
"strengthening" its military. Ironically, that military is, and was, basically starving as well. The topic
of hunger and poverty in countries like North Korea matter because the people who have the most
economic potential are being harmed the most. All

Taking a Look at the China-Africa Relation
There are many views on the importance of internal and external factors on economic development.
From these conflicting views emerge theories on the effect of aid, investment and trade on economic
growth––which, in current literature, suggests an ambiguous result.
On the issue of aid, Pronk (2001) pointed out that aid can be seen as a catalyst rather than a primer
mover, in the sense that aid is not a cause of development but a push or support to development. In
the China–Africa relation, the role of aid has been to allow recipient countries to level their
investment above domestic savings. Accordingly, Cheney and MacEwan (1966) assess that the
function of aid is to enable the economy to expand through its ability to invest. In other words, aid
serves as a catalyst. Griffin (1970) cautioned aid ability to act as a catalyst, contending that due to its
negative effect, it retards economic growth instead of driving it. For Griffin (1970), aid is an
impediment, not a catalyst. Furthermore, Boyce (2002) argued that, to describe aid as a catalyst for
development, a sound analysis is essential to measure its negative and positive effect on the
economy.
In case of Africa, China's aid mostly targets infrastructure investment in transportation, agricultural,
health and education, with positive externalities. For instance, an investment in transportation
infrastructure reduces transportation costs, which results in economic efficiency, reducing trade cost.
Aid received by African

Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation
Does Economic Growth lead to Poverty Alleviation? Please compare and contrast very briefly the
experiences of China, India and Brazil. What lessons can an African country of your choice learn
from these experiences?
INTRODUCTION
The last few decades witnessed a rapid economic growth in developing countries. However, over
88% of the 1.2 Billion world poor (Olinto et al, 2013) live in these countries. (Appendix: Table 1.1)
This phenomenon poses the question if the recent growth has been pro–poor .
This essay argues that growth output alone is not sufficient for poverty alleviation; rather
complementary measures and policies need to exist to create sustainable pro–poor growth.
The essay has been organized as follows: First, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Lewis Theory (Todaro and Smith, 2011), surplus labour from the rural subsistence sector is
gradually transferred to urban industrial sector for higher productivity. The rural–urban migration, in
the long run, may result in urban unemployment, wage decrease, loss of agricultural productivity,
debt accumulation, monopolization, lack of access to credit and insurance, and social exclusion.
Amartya Sen (1999) described economic growth as a crucial means for expanding the substantive
freedoms that people value. But in reality, in India, more than 270,000 farmers caught in a debt trap
have committed suicide since 1995. (Shiva, 2013; Sainath 2013)
According to Gini index , global inequality is 0.7 points today (Milanovic, 2005) while it is between
4.5 – 4.7 for developing countries that saw a proliferation of economic activities in the recent past
(Appendix: Figure 2.4 and 2.5)
The Kuznet's curve , on the other hand, tells a different story about inequality. (Kuznets, 1955;
Appendix: Figure 2.6). The inequality seen in developing countries is part of the development and
will phase out as more growth is achieved. However, The Kuznets hypothesis has been one of the
most debated issues in development economics. Banerjee et al (2006) explains the reasons for the
drop in inequality in industrialized countries during the 20th century was not related to the
optimistic trickle–down process advocated by Kuznets

The Importance Of Poverty In Brazil
Poverty eradication has become one of the main goals within the last few decades as shown through
the recently expired Millennium Development Goals and the subsequent Sustainable Development
Goals. Poverty is influential as high poverty causes worse health outcomes within a country. Poverty
severely affects several aspects of quality of life, such as health and happiness. This makes it vital to
evaluate the quality of life within a country. Poverty and Inequality have been linked together with
various factors by the World Bank in their report. This chapter will look at how the economic
inequality within Japan, the United Kingdom, South Africa and Brazil have either increased or
decreased poverty within a country. The indicators this chapter shall use is the $1.90 poverty line
used by the World Bank. This chapter will look at evidence that appears to show that Brazil; with
high government intervention and a decrease in inequality has had a dramatic effect on poverty, both
absolute and relative. Whilst South Africa; poverty has been reduced but not near the level of
reduction experienced in Brazil. In contrast in the two developed states, absolute poverty appears to
be less of an issue, but relative poverty seems to still correlate with income inequality. Interestingly,
both countries have seen increases in poverty whilst at the same time seen increases in economic
inequality. Although the type of poverty is different, inequality appears to have a vital role in
determining

Dancing With Giants: China, India, And The Global Economy
The rapid economic growth trends demonstrated by China and India are currently at the height of
debate amongst world leaders and economists. According to "Dancing with Giants: China, India,
and the Global Economy", edited by L. Alan Winters and Shadid Yusuf (2007), these countries are
very unique in that their economic patterns of growth continue to increase and sustain momentum
over an extended period of time while dealing with growing populations. The fact that these
countries have illustrated a sustained pattern of growth means that they are beginning to, or have
already shifted the balance of power within the global community; however, many scientists believe
that this trend has shown negative side effects within the social and political settings because
inequalities within both regions continue to rise. In Dancing with Giants: China, India, and the
Global Economy (2007) the author states that, "Chinese and Indian authorities face important
challenges in keeping their investment climate favorable, their inequalities levels at intervals that do
not undermine growth, and their air and water quality at acceptable levels" (8). In a discussion, I
will deconstruct the effects of China and India's economic growth on social inequalities. The effects
that the economic growth trends and reforms in China have on the rising levels of social inequality
have raised debates in the past and have resurfaced today. Some political scientists and economists
argue that regional

Characteristics Of Developing Nation
Developing Nation
Precious Bowman
Liberty University
Developing Nation
Key Term and Why I Am Interested In It
I am interested in the term developing nation because it is a broad topic and several countries fall
under this term as well as a wide range of other subject matter. The issues surrounding a developing
nation are vastly different than those surrounding a developed nation. I am also interested in
learning more about the characteristics of a developing nation and the things that developed nations
are doing to assist those in developing countries. I am also interested in gaining an understanding of
the developing nations' growth, particularly, in areas of output and trade and what roles are
developing nations playing in the world economy.
Explanation of Key Term
A developing nation is described as country that has not fully developed economically. Most citizens
of these countries are living below the poverty line and are generally considered to be poor.
Developing nations have more population growth than those in developed nations. Most developing
nations have lower per capita income than those in developed nations. Developing nations have
lower levels of human capita, particularly, as it relates to health and education. Those in developing
nations have a shorter life expectancy than those in developed nations. There tends to be a higher
student–teacher ratio and often receive a lower quality of education. There is a predominant level of
agriculture in

Child Labour In China Essay
Within China, there are many, many cases of heavy child labour. Sometimes it's from law abuse,
other times it's poverty. Several countries and organizations, including Canada, are involved in
putting their efforts into ending this across the globe, China as well. There are many ways you can
contribute, but before that, you'll have to understand the current problem.
When it comes to China, there is obviously a large population number, which can lead to numerous
occasions of child labour. Of course, this is a global issue, but it is important to address it in
individual countries. In schools, a law has been applied called "Educational Labour" where schools
can teach children things like planting and harvesting crops through labour (although not intended to
be serious). Yet, this law is abused through schools forcing children to do much more heavy labour
than originally sought. Poverty is also a main cause of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are some do's and don'ts to helping out with situations like these. Some ways you can help is
by donating and volunteering for organizations trying to stop it, or just supporting them as a whole.
Nonetheless, it is important to not just say, "I can help by not buying products by children!" Wrong.
It is a fact that, when people began to do this, it actually worsened the situation for the children, who
had resorted to horrible solutions like street–begging. You're better off helping those who have more
control over the situation than that.
This problem still lives on in China, and other countries in the world. Major reasons for this are
things like schools abusing laws, and poverty. Canada, and other countries, are doing their best to
stop this global issue. There are organizations who are supported by governments, and are doing
their best to stop this. Ways you can help exist, but there's also ways that don't help. Hopefully, child
labour will soon come close to an end with all the world's efforts, including

Combat Poverty, Developing And Developed Nations?
What measures can be taken to combat poverty, in developing and developed nations? Perspective
1: http://www.saycocorporativo.com/saycoUK/BIJ/journal/Vol2No1/article4.pdf
Perspective 2: http://www.globalissues.org/article/4/poverty–around–the–world
Background:
The first obstacle to combating poverty is in our minds. We must understand where poverty is before
we can fight it. Although some countries are described as "developed" and others as "developing",
this does not provide an accurate way to judge the poverty. Even "highly developed" countries, such
as America and the UK have people living without access to basic necessities.
Successful development can imply many things, such as"
An improvement in living standards and access to all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Politics has caused many problems in many poorer countries. In many cases, economic profitability
has led to a diversion of available resources from critical local needs to western markets. This has
resulted in a lack of basic access to food, water, health, education and other important social
services. This is a major obstacle to removing poverty.
Key Findings:
The issue of combating poverty is neither down to the individual nor down to the government. In
our survey a clear majority stated that solving the issue of poverty was down to the government and
not the individual. However a relative amount of people surveyed also said that it was a mutual
responsibility. Many agreed that the government was busy enough already and that individuals
would not have enough power to contribute unless they all joined together. Therefore we can
conclude that the main responsibility of combating poverty should be put down to not only the
government but also the combined efforts of the individuals. These individuals can contribute
through group programmes or other NGO's such as Kiva. One of the major ways to combat poverty
in developing countries is to increase the levels of education as well as healthcare. Bad quality
healthcare and education results in a weaker workforce in future which only leads to increasing
poverty rates and poor economy. Therefore improving the levels of healthcare and education is
essential to helping

China Income Inequality
Poverty is still a worldwide problem in the 21st century, which urgently needs to be tackled. As one
of the rapidly growing and influential nations in the international society, it is significant to look into
the poverty alleviation programs of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China)
as well as how Chinese institutional factors affect income inequality. Since the world's economy is
highly dependent upon China, it is important and timely to examine what problems and solutions
China has in terms of poverty reduction and income disparity between the urban and rural areas.
Under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) controlled government, China has grown rapidly and
dramatically reduced the number of people living in poverty but has yet to eradicate extreme
poverty. While the number of people living in poverty has decreased significantly, income inequality
has simultaneously increased due to the disparity between the per capita urban and rural income. In
this vein, it is important to ask if the hukou system has contributed to increasing income inequality
by restricting rural residents from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My research question is "how did China's hukou (household registration) system contribute to
increasing income inequality between urban and rural areas?" I argue that the hukou system leads to
higher income inequality between urban and rural areas despite the successful implementation of the
anti–poverty programs. This paper will approach the relationship between the hukou system and
urban–rural area income inequality in a qualitative way by probing into case studies. I will probe
into the poverty alleviation programs that were implemented in China, then the impact of the hukou
system on the rising income inequality between the urban and rural areas. I have two

Economic Growth And Economic Development
Introduction
Economic growth is the most influential tool for decreasing poverty and refining the value of life in
evolving countries. Both research and case studies over different countries provide overshadowing
signs that speedy and continued growth is crucial to making faster progress towards the MDG
(Millennium Development Goals) and not just the first goal of splitting the global share of people
living on less than $1 a day.
Evolution can produce honorable circles of wealth and opportunity. Strong evolution and
employment opportunities improve reasons for parents to devote to their children's education by
putting them in school. This may lead to the rise of a strong and emergent group of entrepreneurs,
which should create pressure for higher quality authorities. Solid economic development will thus
advance human development, which, in turn, will help economic growth.
An effective plan for poverty reduction must have its core actions to encourage fast and sustained
economic development. The challenge for plans is to associate growth–developing strategies with
policies that allow the poor to contribute wholly in the opportunities released and to participate to
that evolution. This includes plans to improve labor markets, erase gender inequalities and increase
financial standings.
The future growth of China will need to be built on a progressively globalized world that proposes
new openings but also new challenges. New science proposes improved projections through both

Essay about The Contrast of Wealth Within China
The Contrast of Wealth Within China China today is going through an age of a fight for wealth,
freedom and the division of wealth. Over the past centuries China has been divided into two areas:
large cities in which many live in considerable wealth, where there is a rapidly increasing
availability of well–paid jobs and a strong industrial economy. On the other hand, the other side of
China is of poor towns and cities and rural areas struggling and failing to climb on even the first
rung of the ladder of the richer cities' increasing wealth. China still has to cope with the cost of its
disastrous 'rush to riches'. As a result of the economic revolution, many people have suffered and
lost their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the causes for these two contrasting areas was the leadership of Deng Xiaping. Deng's first
aim was to 'Spread his powers all over the world, to distribute wealth all around evenly' as he
wanted economic development to be the top priority for the next century. In 1980, Deng introduced
the One Child policy– meaning that families were only allowed to have one child, which would
hopefully combat China's over–population. This decreased the population a great deal, however
Deng did not take into account the severe consequences; families' choices were limited, and many
felt that having a boy, would be far more convenient. This was because boys usually stayed living
with their parents where as girls had to go and live with their husbands rather than carry on the
family name. The result was that millions of baby girls were murdered, causing a great unbalance of
over 1 million extra men. Although this is a great problem even today, Deng's One Child Policy has
slowed down the rate of starvation and poverty. In some ways it has proven to be a success but in
others it has not. Deng's second attempt was the 'Rush to Riches.' He intended to make China rich by
the C21st. Why are some parts of China so rich while other parts are so poor? The Chinese, who for
years had

Compare And Contrast The Latin American Revolution And...
"Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun." Mao Zedong, the dictator of China during the
Chinese revolution, stated. Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro were both very monumental believers in
war tactics, especially guerilla warfare which is a tactic in which smaller, irregular armies or
civilians use military tactics to go against a larger army.. The Cuban and Chinese revolutions
consisted of blood, famine, abuse of power, and, on contrast, unity. Fidel Castro led the Cuban
revolution as a substantial declaration of independence from dictatorship. However, many historians
debate on what accelerators of the revolutions were most impactful. The Chinese and Cuban
Revolutions were both heavily rooted by substandard economic state where the government was not
able to pay the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those slaves who worked on sugar plantations and sugar mills were often presented with the
harshest conditions. The field work was manual labor which the slaves began at an early age. The
work days lasted close to 20 hours during harvest and processing, cultivating and cutting the crops,
hauling wagons, and processing sugarcane with dangerous machinery. The Cuban slaves received
harshest oppression of all classes. ("Theorizing the Cuban Revolution". Latin American Perspectives
36 ) This, in turn, was a major lead up to the Cuban Revolution as racism was a large problem with
freed black slaves. Past rebellions only strengthened the confidence of the slaves and lower classes
to keep fighting. In China, however, the work was more industrialized unlike Cuba's agricultural
economy. Chinese women and children were subject to sexual exploitation. Men were put in
factories to work 15 hours a day non stop only to be rewarded with almost no money. They worked
with machines all day and the conditions were very unsanitary and loud. These slaves rebelled
against oppressive conditions. ("Chinese Communist Party

Two Other Aspects In The Health Category Are Life Expectancy
Two other aspects in the health category are life expectancy and infant mortality rates. The United
Arab Emirates has a life expectancy rate of 76.96 years and an infant mortality rate of 12.7%, which
this mortality rate seems high, but sadly are much higher ones out there. Oman has a life expectancy
rate of 76.59 years and an infant mortality rate of 16.8%, a little higher than the UAE's. Saudi
Arabia has a life expectancy rate of 75.50 years and an infant mortality rate of 11.5%, a little lower
than the UAE's. But when comparing the UAE to countries like Brazil and India, they are lucky.
India's life expectancy is 66.21 years, which is the lowest of all six of the countries that have been
compared throughout this paper, and an infant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saudi Arabia has a poverty rate of 12.7% and China, with the lowest, has a poverty rate of 6.1%.
China's poverty rate seems rather low, but when you do the math, they have about 78 million people
who are living below the poverty line, which is a little over eight times the population of the United
Arab Emirates. India and Oman have very similar poverty rates and the two highest in this
comparison. India has a rate of 29.8% and Oman, with the highest at 32%.
There must be some reason for the high poverty rates, let's look at the income inequality in all seven
of these countries, starting with the United Arab Emirates. The UAE has a Gini coefficient, a
statistical measure of the degree of variation or inequality represented in a set of values, of 36%
(Wikipedia, 2017). It also has a GDP per capita of $43,048.85, which seems very high for a country
with a 20% poverty rate. Oman, although I have not found a Gini coefficient, has a GDP per capita
of $21,929.01, which is about half of the UAE's. Saudi Arabia has a Gini coefficient of 45.9% and it
has a GDP like Oman's at $25,961.81. Brazil has a Gini coefficient of 51.1%, which means that the
wealth isn't very spread around and many people are poor. Brazil's GDP per capita is $11,208.08,
which is almost four time lower than the UAE's, but maybe that is because Brazil has a much larger
population than the UAE. China has a Gini coefficient of 42.2% and a low GDP per capita of
$6,807.43. China

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