Internet Predators

Internet Predators
Why we should be worried about the Deep web
Unknown to most, the Deep Web actually exists and only takes a few clicks on your computer to
access it, if you know what you're doing. Also unknown to most is the illegal activity and the online
predators that are roaming all over the web. These predators can be financial predators or sexual
predators. Throughout this essay I will be explaining three themes in chronological order. Financial
predators, sexual predators, and discussing why the illegal activity on the Deep web is bad for
society.
Financial predators are everywhere on the web, and they might cost you a fortune. Financial
predators host scams and use fake identities to get bank details to rip you off through an online
purchase that you think is safe. An example of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As thousands of sexual predators roam the web and on most commonly used sites, only 18% of
youth use chat rooms, however the majority of internet initiated sex crimes against children are
initiated in chat rooms. An example of a sexual predator could be an online predator targeting young
victims trying to get sexual related images from them by targeting young vulnerable people, unable
to judge the seriousness of the situation or through blackmail. This is what happened in the case of
Scottish teenager Daniel Perry earlier this year, resulting in his suicide. Sexual predators can also be
connected to the Deep web by exploiting nudity or sexual content of a child or young adult on a 'CP'
website, which stands for child pornography. These can also be sold on the Deep web for an
exchange of bitcoin. These are just more examples of why we should be worried and most
importantly informed of how dangerous the Deep web is so we can avoid the bad situations we may
come
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Understanding The Basis Of The Dark Web
Understanding the Basis of the dark web
Sophia Sutton
Florida Institute of Technology
ABSTRACT
The deep web is a network infrastructure that is set in a mesh topology, much like the surface web.
The difference between the dark web and the surface web is the content, internet protocols and
users. Most of the information that is served through the dark net is illegal. Law enforcement is
working on coming up with better ways to track and shut down certain sites offering services such
as red rooms, but their efforts are falling short because the number of criminals that are working
together to keep the illegal content anonymous on the dark net.
DARK WEB
The unindexed web has many names. Some refer to it as the hidden web, deep net, dark net, dark
web, deep web, invisible web, but it all means the same things. Information that is secure enough to
stay hidden from web crawlers to index, lay within the unindexed web. It is estimated that the deep
web is 500% times the size of the surface web. A study conducted at the University of California
discovered that the deep web could have as much as 7.5 petabytes of information that is not
accessible but the surface web browsers. The surface web consists of anything that you are able to
access using common browsers such as IE, Chrome, Mozilla, or Safari. The Deep web has several
different options for accessing unindexed content. TOR is the most common browser used; FreeNet
is also an option along with I2P. The

Should Privacy Be Allowed On The Internet?
Originally a government project, then widely used by the world of academia for a few decades, the
internet would not gain much popularity until about the mid 1990's where its use began to expand.
Online vendors, electronic mail, online multiplayer video games, websites for the world's top media
outlets, the list goes on. The use of the internet is now larger than ever as technology continues to
advance. We no longer fear our wallets being stolen as much as we do all our personal information;
we will allow police to search homes because we believe it is their duty, but absolutely despise that
the government tracks a lot of what is done online. It is the fact that the internet is not governed by a
central body, is what attracts billions of users to it; and with no central body to govern what goes on,
it leads to ask to what extent privacy should be allowed on the internet, and if it is ethically right that
the government keep track of its users despite no formal control over it. While the ability to access
media, play games, and shop online all seem to be attractive points as to why one uses the internet, it
is more so the alluring promise of privacy that attracts its users day in, and day out. To add on to
privacy on the internet, when one thinks that the privacy possibly guaranteed already isn 't enough,
there is such a thing known as the Deep Web, or Hidden Internet, which will question the concept of
privacy on the internet. From privacy springs forth anonymity, and with

The Deep Web : The Invisible Web Essay
The deep web commonly referred to as the "invisible web" holds 96% of the content on the internet,
making it roughly 500 times greater than the surface web (Norton). The content captured by a search
engine is denoted as the surface web. Through the assistance of web crawlers, search engines are
able to effortlessly capture and catalogue content on the internet and recall it when a search is made.
Conversely, webpages beyond the range of these crawlers form a hidden and more complicated
place referred to as the deep web ("Ultimate Guide to the Invisible Web"). A large portion,
approximately 85% of internet users are only concerned with tribal surface web issues so their
understanding of the deep web is subpar. The best way to familiarize oneself with the deep web is to
explore a concrete definition, discover the content it holds and determine how an average individual
can access it.
The deep web is considered to be hidden since the content it holds is not indexed. Webpages that
have not been indexed will never be displayed through a search engine. A common analogy
clarifying this idea is that of waving a small fish net in an ocean, since the size of the net is so small
compared to the ocean, the net will only be able to capture the small population of fish on shallow
levels, similar to a search engine on the internet. Moreover, the origins of the deep web date as far
back as the nineties, when it was originally formed for anonymous communication. The deep web
only commenced

Web Crawler Analysis Paper
(King–Lup Liu, 2001) Given countless motors on the Internet, it is troublesome for a man to figure
out which web search tools could serve his/her data needs. A typical arrangement is to build a
metasearch motor on top of the web indexes. After accepting a client question, the metasearch motor
sends it to those fundamental web indexes which are liable to give back the craved archives for the
inquiry. The determination calculation utilized by a metasearch motor to figure out if a web index
ought to be sent the inquiry ordinarily settles on the choice in light of the web search tool agent,
which contains trademark data about the database of a web search tool. Be that as it may, a hidden
web index may not will to give the required data to the metasearch motor. This paper demonstrates
that the required data can be evaluated from an uncooperative web crawler with great exactness.
Two bits of data which license precise web crawler determination are the quantity of reports filed by
the web index and the greatest weight of every term. In this paper, we display systems for the
estimation of these two bits of data.
(Reference–scholar.google.co.in)
(Ryen W. White, 2008) Any given Web internet searcher may give higher quality results than others
for certain questions. Thusly, it is to clients ' greatest advantage to use different web crawlers. In this
paper, we propose and assess a system that boosts clients ' hunt viable ness by guiding them to the
motor that yields the best

A Web On The Deep Web
Khalil Johnson
October 11, 2016
CIS106 Ken King
Deep/Dark Web
The Deep Web is a term that refers to a number of websites that are invisible to everyone. You
cannot find these websites using a search engine, in other words a place where google does not go.
The Deep Web makes up about 96% of the internet while the other 4% is the Surface Web. The
Surface Web includes sites such as; Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, or any website you can find
through a search engine. A lot of illegal activity takes place within the deep web. Child pornography,
human torture, killings, illegal goods and services are available to view or purchase on the deep
web, making the Deep Web possess the largest black market ever to exist.
The creation of the Deep Web was in 1994. Back then it was known as the hidden web. The terms
"Deep Web" and "Dark Web" came up in 2001. Though, some people believe the origin of the term
Deep Web goes back to the early 1990s along with the creation of Onion Routing. No one knows
exactly how big the deep web really is, but we know it is hundreds of times bigger than the Surface
Web. The data within the Deep Web isn't necessarily hidden on purpose. Current search engine
technology find it very hard to make sense of it, therefore, it makes the sites seem hidden. The Dark
Web on the other hand is darker than the Deep Web. Users bury data intentionally on the Dark Web.
The Dark Web requires a special browser to access some of parts of it.
The browser you would use to

Questions On Deep Learning Technique Essay
1.4.3 Deep Learning Technique
Machine Learning at its most basic is the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it,
and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world. So rather than hand–
coding software routines with a specific set of instructions to accomplish a particular task, the
machine is "trained" using large amounts of data and algorithms that give it the ability to learn how
to perform the task [12]. Deep learning is another Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. Deep learning
is essentially a set of techniques that help you to parameterize deep neural network structures, neural
networks with many, many layers and parameters. Deep Learning breaks down tasks in ways that
makes all kinds of machine assists seem possible, even likely. The confusion matrix, in Figure 8
shows that the accuracy of this model is (90.80) with weighted average precision (91.37) greater
than recall (91.11) and F1–score (91.24). From the above results, it appears that Deep Learning
classifier achieve higher accuracy, precision, recall, and F1–score. Figure 11: Clustering accuracy
using Deep Learning Technique
1.5 Results Comparison
Table 2: Performance Measures Comparison
Model Decision Trees Naïve Bays Deep Learning
Domain precision recall precision recall precision recall food 100.00 25.93 58.06 66.67 46.55
100.00 communication 63.77 95.65 88.89 86.96 100.00 100.00 education 83.54 88.26 88.65 88.26
90.22 88.26 medical 61.67 62.71

The Dark Side Of Dark Net Markets
In a world of ever dwindling freedoms one of the last bastions of completely unregulated and free
trade is the deep web, and even though a plethora of dangerous illegal activity goes on within it, it
should be left alone. Even if the deep web and all the markets hidden within it are somehow shut
down, people will find a new haven to carry on their activity. There will always be a bastion for
illegal activity somewhere, and there is nothing anyone can do to change that fact. Dark net markets
aren't the only thing hiding in the deep web either, there are entire communities that house
themselves within it. Something I find myself pondering quite a bit about these days is that a lot of
the technology that has become so embedded in our lives seems so science fiction–like, but are we
ready for it? Something that we have in our culture that not many people know about is the "dark
net" or "deep web." Like a cyberpunk novel, it's an entire underground culture based in the vast
world of the internet, our modern day virtual information highway. It is used for all colors of illegal
activity; drug trafficking, human trafficking, counterfeit products, a disturbing amount of illegal
pornography (most of it is just that, same with the surface web as well), weapons, hitmen,
questionable literature, all the things the government veils with its law. The dark net is much more
than that, and despite the myriad of illegal endeavors that it is infamous for, the dark net is a vast
expanse of

Cyberspace And Terrorism : Communication And Security Essay
Cyberspace and Terrorism
Jamie Lee
National University
HSE 635
Communication and Security
Khatibloo Mohamad
Nov 24, 2016
Abstract Around the world people no longer just communicate or interact with each another through
written letters, emails or over the phone. Now people are using the World Wide Web as their main
source of communication. Social media being one of the new forms of interaction people elect to
use in order to communicate their thoughts, feelings and share life changes. The internet is an deep
ocean filled with ways for people to socialize, stay connected and make life overall more
convenient. This luxury is not available to everyone and can be taken advantage of by the wrong
people (Nacos, 2016). Terrorist organizations are able to use the internet and all the available sites to
their benefit, social media sites being the most popular. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat
are all forms of computer–mediated technologies used for personal entertainment but is also being
used by terrorists and terrorist organizations. Groups such as al–Qaida, ISIS and other terrorist
organizations use social media for their benefit of recruiting future terrorist, promoting their cause,
preaching their ideologies and raising funds for their terrorist operations, not to mention also
spreading fear (Lohrmann, 2016). The dark web is also an area of interest terrorist like to use for
their benefit where they can again raise funding and possibly recruit.

Rare Earth Causes : The New Gold Rush
"The New Gold Rush" Is deep sea mining the next frontier for mining or a search for fool's gold?
Should the ocean be mined? Rare earth elements are not necessary rare but are rarely found in pure
form. Rare earth elements are hard to find in large concentrations, mix together with other minerals
and elements underground. Rare earth elements are a group of soft, lustrous, sometimes magnetic
metals that form trivalent salts that include thorium, yttrium scandium, lanthanides, neodymium,
trivalent salts, and sometimes zirconium. (dictionaryfocus.com, 2017) Rare earth elements are
formed when magmas float into the Earth's crust. Due to surrounding rocks, some temperature
changes, and some pressure variations, the chemical composition undergoes changes. The result is
an assortment of rock types that are enriched in economic elements including rare earth elements.
Some locations such as the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii are particularly enriched. Typically rare earth
elements are found deep on the seafloor in a great amount of mud. Manganese nodules are potato
size round reddish black rocks made up of hydrated oxides of iron and manganese, along with
smaller amounts of nickel, cobalt and copper, and thirty five other metals around a core. Manganese
nodules form deep on the ocean floor. They are scattered across millions of acres typically away
from any land. They lie in dense concentrations similar to gravel. It is not exactly known how
manganese nodules form but they typically

The Internet And Its Impact On The World
The internet is a vast place with information on every topic known to man, even the unnecessary
ones but only 0.03 percent (Jones 2014) of the internet is surfed by the majority of the population.
The other ninety–nine point ninety–seven percent is left untouched. That other large percentage is
possible to get to but companies like google, bing, and yahoo haven't cracked the code on how to do
it but at the same time choose not to incorporate that large percentage because they think it's too
risky to do so. This "unchartered" area for most is known by many names such as the darknet,
invisible web, and hidden web but most call it the deep web because of the ocean metaphor many
tech savvy people use to represent the internet and "The Deep ... Show more content on
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Now how sites become "deep web" material is anything from: requiring a password to getting in ,or
encrypted ,or the website is trying not to be found. Thats where programs like "Tor" come along or
otherwise known as the onion router because the process Tor uses is known as onion routing. Onion
routing is the idea that if someone wants to access a website they go from point A to B like on the
regular internet but since onion routing/Tor is built on anonymity they get from point A to B by
adding more points so on onion routing the user would go from point A to B to C to D to E to F or
however many it takes. How they do this is when a user sends a signal that they want to go to a
website then that signal will be encrypted and sent to a node or just another computer. When the
signal gets to that node a layer of the encryption will be solved and then sent to another node and the
same thing will happen till the signal reaches it's final destination. This process means that search
times are a little longer then normal but it is to insure that the user stays as undetectable as possible.
Now Tor's system is designed in a way that anyone can be a node if they wanted too, all that means
is that traffic will go through the users pc (Tor 2005).
The Deep Web gets a lot of bad reputation due to what resides in the depths. Because the Deep Web
is so difficult to navigate, it leads to many illegal things being stored

Focused Dark Web Crawling Design
8. Focused Dark Web Crawling Design Focused crawlers "seek, acquire, index, and maintain pages
on a specific set of topics that represent a narrow segment of the web" (Chakrabarti et al. 1999). The
need to collect high–quality, domain–specific content results are important characteristics for such
crawlers. Some of these characteristics are specific to focused and/or hidden web crawling while
others are relevant to all types of spiders. Some of the important considerations for hidden web
spiders include accessibility, collection type and content richness, URL ordering features and
techniques, and collection update procedures. 8.1. Accessibility Search engines cover the "publicly
indexable web". This is the part of the web easily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The amount of human participation is dependent on the complexity of the accessibility issue. For
example, many simple forms asking for name, e–mail address, etc., can be automated with
standardized responses. Other more complex questions require greater expert participation. Such an
approach seems more appropriate for the Dark Web, where the complexity of the access process can
vary significantly. UA's AI Lab developed an accessibility metric: databases accessed/total
attempted which helps evaluate their crawler design to access dark web forums. The closer the
metric is to 1 the better the design is. 8.2. Collection Type Crawling research had been geared
toward collecting websites, blogs, and web forums. There has been considerable research on a
collection of standard websites and pages relating to a particular topic, often for the portal building.
There has also been work on collecting weblogs. BlogPulse is a blog analysis portal. The site
contains an analysis of key discussion topics/trends for roughly 100,000 spidered weblogs. Such
blogs can also be useful for marketing intelligence. Blogs containing product reviews analyzed
using sentiment analysis techniques can provide insight into how people feel about various products.
Web forum crawling poses a unique set of difficulties. Discovering web forums is challenging due
to the lack of a centralized index.

Internet Is A Safe Haven For Criminals Essay
Would you believe me if I said that ninety–nine percent of the internet is not accessible to the
average web surfer via your standard networks and search engines? The internet is like the ocean,
there is more than meets the eye and houses many deep dark back door servers and markets that
never reach the surface. Some may not be informed of this part of the internet and question its
existence, but the deep and dark webs exist and are hidden for a reason. Parts of the deep web were
created for good intentions, and some parts of the deep web give users access to information that can
be useful, but the negative aspects that have come from the deep web outweigh the positive aspects,
it is shown that the deep web is home to dangerous activity unseen by the naked eye and has become
a safe haven for criminals.
First a run–down of the internet, the internet is made up of millions of computers all over the world
that are digitally connected to each other by cable, fibre or wireless links, in short it is a bunch of
networks communicating with one another. You can use the internet to browse websites,
communicate with people, download pictures and videos, listen to music or do lots of other amazing
things. Every single one of those computers has what is called an IP address, the IP address is the
unique set of numbers separated by periods, for example 170.65.240.9, this number set identifies
every device connected to the Internet. This IP address is not only for desktop home computers,

The Pros And Cons Of The Internet
One of the most revolutionary invention is the Internet, and throughout the years it has evolved.
People throughout the world use the Internet to access their mail, shopping, communication, and
social media. Therefore, Some infrastructure components that are important for providing the
surface web to the public are providing people to find and access what they want. Moreover, the
surface web enables people to access everyday Internet use such as Facebook, Twitter, and other
Social Media platforms. Surface Web is a "portion of the World Wide Web that is readily available
to the general public and searchable with standard web search engines" It is mind–blowing on how
big the web is and it is hard to believe that the searched contents are limited. JJ Rosen stated that
"Google has placed in its index an estimated 35 trillion Web pages across the Internet worldwide.
While this is an amazing statistic, believe it or not, 35 trillion is barely the tip of the iceberg.
Google's index represents only an estimated 4 percent of the information that exists on the Internet".
Therefore, ninety six percent of contents are not commercialized by Google or Bing's known as
Deep Web and are harder to access than Surface Web. Software servers are able to identify billions
of pages, but search engine like Bing or Google that the ability to optimize the pages that are
relevant to what is being searched. Furthermore, the Deep web is not indexable by search engines
and as stated in the book that "

A Discussion On Expressing Yourself
Expressing yourself When anyone mentions the deep web, the public usually thinks of the dark
place in the internet where crimes and conspiracy theories take place. To begin, the internet is split
into two sections called the Clearnet and deep web. Clearnet are websites that are indexed like,
Amazon, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter. Clearnet websites are easily accessible due to the high
ranking in popularity. The Deep web is still part of the internet, to be more specific the deep web
holds 95% of the internet content and the Clearnet contains only 5%, which is roughly x500 the
content. The Deep web is any website that cannot be indexed by a search engine. Deep Web or the
hidden web are websites that the general public access every day. For example, Facebook and
YouTube are Clearnet sites ( http://www.facebook.com ) but when you login, then the content would
be considered deep web ( https://www.facebook.com/muhaimin.khandaker.5). This is because web
crawlers ( a software that indexes websites) cannot index websites that requires a form
authentication ( Email and password). Another way websites are not indexed is with the robot.txt
file. The robot.txt file is a line that web developers can incorporate when developing a website that
does not want to be indexed. The deep web is not the dark web but, the dark web is a small part of
the deep web. Dark web uses software like Freenet, Jondo, Ip2, Alienet, Tails OS, and the most
famous software, Tor to access websites anonymously

Law Enforcement Combating Deep Web Criminal Activity Essay
Security and privacy concerns present challenges for law enforcement combating deep web criminal
activity. Crimes committed on or with the Internet are relatively new. Those crimes include illicit
trade in drugs, weapons, wildlife, stolen goods, or people; illegal gambling; sex trafficking; child
pornography; terrorism and anarchy; corporate and sovereign espionage; and financial crimes.
Police agencies have been fighting an uphill battle always one step behind an ever evolving digital
landscape and the criminals who exploit it. The novelty of the Internet begets jurisdictional and legal
issues law enforcement must address while remaining ethical and holding to the code of law. Due to
the anonymous nature of deep web criminal activity and the means for uncovering perpetrators,
privacy concerns of citizens legally using the same software or websites are now a hot topic.
The Internet is vast. To the casual user, the Internet represents the collection of those websites
accessible via search engines such as Google or Bing. Search engines function by utilization of a
web crawler which locates and indexes linked pages that are then provided as search results when it
meets a particular search's criteria. But, those web crawlers are only able to identify static pages,
leaving out the dynamic pages of the deep web. Imagine a commercial fishing trawler on the open
ocean pulling in its catch. The trawler only gathers fish from just barely below the surface and
misses the massive

The Dark Web Is Not Accessible Without Special Browsers
The dark web, a hidden part of the internet, is unknown to most people. It has been used for many
years without many people knowing. People use the dark web for many purposes, but it is mostly
used for privacy. Due to the anonymity that it gives one, numerous people get involved in illegal
situations. Websites range from chat rooms to drug markets. A person can view illegal government
documents, buy heroin, or even watch people get murdered! Sounds like a perfect place for every
person right? The dark web should only be used by the government, obviously not by the average
person.
Key words: dark web, internet, anonymous
The Dark Web
A multitude of people has never heard of one of the most dangerous places in the world, and it is not
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dark web is like a disease; one can get it without even trying to. This means that if a person is
on the dark web, he or she could get in a terrible situation without even trying. The dark web should
not be accessed by the average person, only by the government.
Easily Accessible
First, any person can access the dark web; it is not rocket science. But why do people want to go on
the dark web? People go on the dark web primarily for two reasons: to perform illegal activities
without getting caught, and privacy use. As of 2014, every person on the internet is being tracked in
some way. The government uses information such as cookies, search engines, and download
managers to track what people are doing (Henderson, 2012). Although it is unusual to be getting
tracked, as long as a person is properly using the dark web, he or she should have no issues. With
the unlikelihood of a person being tracked, one may dig deeper into the dark web due to curiosity.
Just being allowed to access the dark web puts people in danger of being part of illegal activities.
A search engine called Tor is the key to accessing in the dark web. Tor is a site that masks peoples'
IP address. An IP address is like a phone number; each person has their own unique number which
shows websites where they are from. Tor is the equivalent of an anonymous Google. What Tor does
is make it so websites have no way of telling where their clients are from. Tor is so popular that is it

Criminal Activities On The Dark Web Essay
A severe dilemma associated with the increasing availability of the World Wide Web is the use of
the "Dark Web" as a means for criminal activities throughout the world. The "Web" consists of the
Surface Web which allows access to popular sites like YouTube and Facebook, the Deep Web, which
consist of private databases and libraries filtered out by common search engines like Google, and the
Dark Web which is intentionally hidden for reasons of anonymity; whether for good or bad reasons.
There are three main solutions that help fray criminal activities on the Dark Web: the use of
specialized government agencies to regulate and police the Dark Web, the fixation of resources to
combat more serious criminal activities: and conducting more research of the content and workings
of the Dark Web. Further examining the need for more research of the Dark Web will help elaborate
why the use of specialized government agencies and the fixation of resources on more serious
crimes should not be accepted has valid solutions. With the advancement of online anonymity tools,
people world–wide can now use the Web to communicate and interact without leaving a trace of
their activities or intentions. The ability to have full anonymity while using the Web has created
what is call the Dark Web. The Dark Web was started originally with good intentions. For example,
in the introduction section of the article "The Dark Web," Marcia Clemmitt explains that the "Dark
Web 's ability to mask identities

Online Privacy In The United States
The principle of freedom in the United States of America has always tied with one's private matters.
But with technology advancing at such a rapid rate, the idea of privacy might soon become
something from a fairytale. Especially included, is one's online persona. The American government
has begun to derestrict itself from the bounds of an individual's personal matters online. In
reception, many Americans feel that their natural given rights are being exploited. They feel that the
government has no justifiable reasons to be vigilating information that is not intended for anybody's
eyes except its rightful owner. However, it is truly necessary for the government to observe what
citizens are doing online because it protects both the United States ... Show more content on
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Sometimes, in order for an individual's own safety, sacrifices have to be made. The government has
full justification to arbitrate the people's online private matters because it is necessary for the
protection of the country and its citizens. One example comes from an underground network called
the "deep web". The deep web could be described as the wild west of the internet. Numerous
amounts of information are posted on the deep web where normal search engines like Google or
Bing do not show. According to Tyler Biscontini, a writer for the Salem Press, the deep web is
useful for many different reasons. It provides anonymity to anyone using it. Special software must
be downloaded in order to run the deep web. This is mainly because the deep web's main feature is
that the user's ip address is changed so that they can roam the web free of the fear of being tracked.
It also provides a significant greater amount of information that is not accessible on a normal
browser. Journalist especially, use the deep web in order to dive into research and scouting topics for
future stories. However, the deep web can also be a dangerous place. Many individuals take
advantage of its features for wrongdoing. Due to the anonymity that comes with accessing the deep
web, it is hard to track down individuals performing the crimes. Lev Grossman, a writer for Time
Magazine, describes an occurrence that happened

Internet And Privacy Essay
The sharing of information may well be the most advanced activity of the twenty–first century
occurring across ages and backgrounds with relative ease. Nevertheless, the use of information that
is aired through the internet raises several genuine concerns regarding nature, intent, source, and
destination as well as the consequences of the content. This is particularly true when the information
has to do with people 's identities and other activities that may touch on critical aspects of national
security and unauthorized business. As such, there is a mix of reactions among individuals regarding
the extent of privacy they would like regarding information that they share or retrieve on the
internet. While some may have genuine concerns such as protecting their identity, others are on
malicious tracks to cover their person and conduct unwarranted business on the web. The mix of
concerns led to the rise of the Dark Web on darknets. A darknet is an overlay network that utilizes
the public Internet but requires authorization or special software to access mainly to protect the
user's identity and location from network surveillance and traffic analysis (Sui, Caverlee & Rudesill
2003). Such trends on the internet raise the question; is the Dark Web an important and necessary
tool to offset pervasive online surveillance in contemporary society or is the moral panic
surrounding the Dark Web in global news media justified? The aim of this research is to answer the
raised question

Silk Road Ethnography
The media's skewed outlook and reports on the deep web has affected the way the majority of
people view this resource that is inherently not a bad tool. The media also misrepresents the deep
web by confusing it with the darknet and giving false information about the two. It is easy to get
caught in the wave of horror stories that appear in magazines and online content about the deep web
and the darknet, but more often than not the deep web is doing more good than is portrayed by the
media. The advances in cryptography that is being used within the deep web and the darknet are
creating a safer environment for reporters and political activists; even the simple internet user needs
cryptography to protect their information stored in the deep web. ... Show more content on
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The Silk Road was one of the most popular darknet sites that dealt mostly with drugs. In an
interview with Alex Winter, the director of Deep Web a documentary about the deep web and the
Silk Road. he said that the community needed a substance to draw people in, but they seemed to
stick around for the ideals the website set up (4). During the documentary there was an interview
with Dread Pirate Roberts, the supposed leader of Silk Road, where he explained, "What we're
doing isn't about scoring drugs or sticking it to the man, it's about standing up for our right as human
beings and refusing to submit when we've done no wrong. Silk Road is a vehicle for that message.
All else is secondary," (5). In the same documentary many anonymous interviews were done with
people associated with Silk Road. One interviewee states that the site had threads with, "great
political and philosophical discussions," (5). He also points out that although illegal things were
happening, the site itself was a community for like minded people to come and discuss things that
maybe they would not be allowed to, or they would not want to, if others knew their true identity.
The Dread Pirate Roberts wrote on one of the posts, "Silk Road was founded on libertarian
principles." This user even created a book club where they would have in depth discussions on
Austrian economics and free market

The Iceberg Of The Internet
The iceberg of the internet Google search results may seem like a lot; however, "that's only around
4% of the internet". (Yale 2014). You see, search engines do their best to find as many websites as
they can by using crawlers to dig around. The surface web is anything that has been indexed by
these crawlers, basically it's anything that shows up in Google search results. Websites such as
Wikipedia and Bing fall under the surface web category as well. However, some websites are
designed specifically to block these crawlers, thus, making the website unreachable, and unable to
be shown in search results. These websites are part of a different category known as the deep web.
The deep web is really anything that can't been indexed, unsearchable and unreachable, by search
engines. Now, the deep web is often confused with the dark web, giving the deep web a bad
reputation. People associate these types of websites with criminal activities, such as drugs. However,
that's far from the truth. In reality the deep web is what many people use. The deep web includes
things like your email, bank information and credit card information, you can't search that stuff up
on Google now can you? The deep web itself can be divided into many sub categories such as
private web, software etc. Due to the nature of these websites, we are not sure exactly how many of
them there are. However, it's safe to assume that most websites are located in the deep web. People
have speculated that "the deep web

Technology And The Dark Web
As technology has propelled forward in our exploration of knowledge relating to computers and
their science it is understandable that there are still areas of this field which may yet remain
unexplored. One particular field being the Dark Web, which has been defined as an area of the deep
web which has, "been intentionally hidden and is therefore inaccessible through standard [web]
browsers." (Brightplanet.) Although this web has evolved over the course of many years, possibly
dating back to the 1990s and the development of onion routing, it has advanced itself into an
industry which no one could have ever predicted. Further as well delve deeper into this
developmental occurrence known as the Dark Web, I feel that we must ask ourselves how this has
evolved into what we know it as today and whether or not it represents our future or past in dealing
with the internet activities.
As with many events and activities being related to the creation of technology, a few different
aspects of it can be tied back to the government. In this case, the Dark Web may be directly related
to the, "creation of 'Onion Routing' by the United States Naval Research Laboratory, which was the
first step toward the Tor Project." Nevertheless, this was only the first step to be taken in the greater
evolution of the Dark Web, for instance the creation of Freenet which was developed by Ian Clarke
allowed more individual to access this otherwise unknown area of the web. By opening this area of
the

The Internet Is Extremely Important In People’S Everyday
The internet is extremely important in people's everyday lives, so much that majority of the world's
economy and its governments rely heavily on the web. Communication, information, work,
education and health care are all at the top when it comes to being heavenly dependent on the
internet. The birth of the Web opened up many opportunities, most of which have been positive. But
with every light, there is a shadow. The Darknet, Darkweb, and the Deepweb. What do these names
stand for? What is their capabilities? And what kind people run, explore and seek the services
hidden in the shadow of the internet?
The Darknet is an overlay network for the Deepweb which can only be accessed with specific
configurations, software and authorization. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within those sites, start clicking on the links that will lead you to different news articles. Once
finished, you will go back to the original blog posting. Once you are finished exploring and clicking
links, just sit and pause for a moment, you now have behaved just like a search engine's crawling
technology searches and identify websites. Because search engines have to rely on the links found
on pages to search and identify new content. This method is a popular way to find content that is
most popular among people on the surface web. But the technique misses much content when it
comes to navigating links. The simplest definition that is cut, dry and straight to the point. Is that the
surface web is anything that a typical search engine can find. While the Deep web is anything that
the engines cannot find. The Deep web exist in sites that require search bars to navigate, but
remember search engines rely on links to navigate and explore. Thus making Google search
impossible to find information in these site with search bars. Majority of the content that exist in the
Deep web is not as terrifying as the media makes them out to be. But the deeper you dig, the scarier
the darkness becomes. Now picture the internet as a giant iceberg, a giant block piece spike of ice
that sunk the Titanic. It looks pretty big on the outside right? But if you were to dive under the water
surface

The Internet Of Things, And Its Influence On Globalization
The Internet of Things (IoT), and its influence on globalization, is changing the way of life in
developed and developing countries. Making great strides in connecting the world, technology
brings people together through email, live chats, social networking, and video. Yet, with increased
technology comes increased threats to data loss, identity theft, and privacy concerns, especially
considering the underbelly of the IoT where cybercrime threats challenge security. The IoT contains
three general areas known as the Surface Web, the Deep Web, and the Dark Web (see Appendix A).
The Surface Web is much smaller than the other two put together. The Surface Web only makes up
about four percent of the Internet and the Deep Web/Dark Web combined makes up the balance of
about 96%. However, the Dark Web itself only comprises about 0.01% of the Internet. The Surface
Web is the section of the Internet that the general population surfs daily using an ever–expanding
availability of commercially developed web browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, or Internet
Explorer. Surface Web sites are accessible through Bing, Google, Yahoo, and other search engines.
Made up of publicly searchable sites, the Surface Web offers corporate sites, email, forums,
government sites, news outlets, online storefronts, and social networking. The Deep Web holds
countless sensitive databases, medical and legal information, government reports, sensitive papers,
publications, password–protected data, and private

The Wide Web : The Deep Dark Web
The Deep Dark Web. The term conjures up dark images of criminal masterminds scheming to usurp
law enforcement, using technology as a platform to perpetrate crimes. However, as nefarious as the
term sounds, the Deep Web is nothing more than a collection of websites that are not indexed, or
otherwise easily accessible by traditional search engines. This is to say that you cannot effectively
navigate to a site located in the Deep Web via a traditional Google search. The pages which are
indexed and accessible via traditional internet browsers exist on the World Wide Web. For every one
page that is indexed and searchable on the World Wide Web, there are 3000 which are not; these
pages exist in the Deep Web (Bergman, 2001, para. 5).
In order to proceed further, a rudimentary hierarchy of the Internet must be presented, as well as an
operative definition of the Deep Dark Web. The Internet can be defined as the connectivity of things,
the linkage of digital devices in the Information Age. The World Wide Web is an amalgamation of
indexed sites, which are searchable by traditional web browsers and search engines such as Google,
Yahoo, and Bing through devices from the Internet (Goodman, 2015, p. 201).
The Deep Web, as its name suggests, provides more content than the World Wide Web, however its
content is not indexed, meaning that you will not find what you are looking for through a routine
search, and accessing this level requires special software. Moving deeper, the Dark

Censorship And Censorship Of Web Content
Censoring the web
Module code: COIS40897
Student number: 14020070
Submission deadline: 23:59 on Monday, 3rd November 2014.
Abstract
This paper evaluates the restrictions, or lack of restrictions, on web content, focusing on the political
and ethical notions of the censorship of web content. The question on many people's minds is:
Should the web be censored? This author believes it is the sole responsibility of the user, to protect
themselves from un–desirable material on the web. However when it comes to child abuse, and
similar atrocities, more should be done to eliminate and block such material.
Contents
1. Abstract
2. Contents
3. Introduction
4. Overview
5. Discussion
6. Summary
7. References ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This move to censor pornography has just intentions, but this author believes that censorship in this
manner should be the responsibility of parents. Perhaps there should be an alternative, such as,
equipping parents with the tools to control their own data consumption and block access to the
content they do not wish, or do not want their children, to have access to. Some people may wish to
access adult content, whilst denying their children access to it. Without the knowledge of self web
regulation, they would not be able to access adult content, without the risk of exposing their children
to it.
The points made by the Prime Minister (as stated above), about protecting children from the dark
online world, are completely justified. The online world can have an adverse influence on children.
According to the NSPCC:
Graphic images and scenes can be very disturbing to children and cause a lot of distress. In 2012–13
ChildLine received 475 calls from young people who 'd been affected in this way.

NSPCC 2013.
Adult material can cause mental scars in some children, whereas others, after consuming
pornography, now have a twisted view on reality:
Pornography has Influence on attitudes of some children, towards reality. Children who watch
online porn can believe that it gives a

Deep Web Or Surface Web?
Deep Web or Surface Web?
A Comparative Essay
Even though, most people search the internet daily; a large amount of data is missing in their
queries. The popular search engines rely on the hyperlinks and metatags embedded in the web pages
to find and identify content. (Pcmag.com, 2015 2) Due to this formatting, a significant amount of
information is absent from their requests; this missing information makes up the deep web.
The surface web is open to anyone with internet access, and easily navigated due to search engines
such as Google. These search engines use spiders, also known as crawlers, to collect the information
from web sites and pages. The spiders crawl through the internet reading the text of the sites and
pages, searching of hyperlinks, metatags (specially formatted keywords designed to be found and
used by spiders) and code. Without these spiders, the search engines wouldn't know what pages to
display, nor the priority for the query. (HowStuffWorks)
The internet is an iceberg; with 3% of the content easily accessible on the surface web. Making the
Deep Web, the other 97% not indexed for public search engines, more difficult to locate using
conventional means. (Chandler) Websites and pages that are password protected, unintentionally
miss–indexed/metatagged, or only accessed by the host website database, makes them not
searchable on the surface web. These sites aren't nefarious in nature, they are just difficult to find or
access. The sites that are purposely

Search Engines : The Deep Web
Just when we already feel overwhelmed by the number of results returned when using search
engines, such as Google, Bing, there is mounting evidence that there is a great deal that is not being
searched – namely the Deep Web. Standard search engines are not indexing most of the information
on the Web. Not only the Deep Web is a majority of Web content submerged within these sites, but it
is also some of the best information on the Internet. Deep Web is a term used for World Wide Web
content that is not part of the Surface Web (which is indexed by standard search engines). A recent
publication have explored what the Deep Web is and the implications of it for users as Web
searchers. According to Bergman's article from the Journal of Electronic Publishing, the Deep Web
is 400–550 times larger than the Surface Web. Since the Deep Web contents are not static and linked
to any other pages, search engines cannot "see" or retrieve contents from the Deep Web, therefore, it
becomes hidden. In order to access the Deep Web contents, users have to connect through a proxy
service called Tor (short for "The Onion Router"). All activities through Tor are encrypted through
multiple nodes in the network so that users' information are difficult to trace, protecting their
privacy. Since all contents on the Deep Web are covered by anonymity, a condition that make it
attractive for the cybercrime industry that is moving its business in the region of cyberspace where it
is really difficult to trace

What Is The Dark Web? Essay
Dev Shah
E social THE DARK WEB
What is the Dark Web?
The Dark Web is a term that is referred to specifically as a collection of websites that are publicly
visible, but hide the IP addresses (Location) of the servers that run them. Thus they can be visited by
any web user, but it is very difficult to work out who is behind and using the sites. And you cannot
find these sites using any regular search engines such as google. Almost all sites on the Dark Web
hide their identity and IP address using the Tor encryption tool. You can use Tor to hide your
identity, and spoof your location. When a website is run through Tor it has much the same effect.
(Egon, 2016)
How to access the Dark Web?
To access the Dark Web all you have to do is download a searching browser program, there are lots
of them. Then install it to your current browser. That's all that's there to install the dark web.
Bitcoins:
What is it?
Bitcoin is a network that enables a different type of payment system it is used a lot for purchasing
objects of the dark web and completely digital money. It is the first peer–to–peer payment network
that is powered by its users with no central authority or middlemen (someone who buys goods from
producers and sells them to retailers or consumers). From a user perspective, Bitcoin is pretty much
like cash for the Internet. Bitcoin can also be seen as the most prominent triple entry bookkeeping
system in existence. (Bitcoin, NA)
How to send it?
To send

A Summary On ' Profound Web '
"Profound Web" starts as an enlightening outline of the Internet 's non–listed advanced substratum,
then limits its center to relate the capture, arraignment and conviction of Ross Ulbricht, charged
originator and administrator of the infamous Silk Road online bazaar. Winter astutely starts his
smoothly created motion picture with a groundwork for the individuals who tuned in late, clarifying
how gathers running from banks and government faculty to cyberpunks and hacktivists work
undetected on the profound web, that boundless region of the web where web crawlers never roam.
Various interviewees – including writer Andy Greenberg, whose reportage pretty much motivated
"Profound Web," and Cody Wilson, the crypto–rebel who has empowered the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
"Profound Web" doesn 't make a special effort to question these and different cases by the Silk Road
irregulars, and discernibly tilts its sensitivities toward Ulbricht, who was 29 when the FBI captured
him in 2013 on government evasion and medication trafficking charges. As indicated by Ulbricht 's
reliable guardians (broadly met here) and resistance group, the young fellow was, best case scenario,
one of a few people working under the Dread Pirate Roberts nom de plume and that alternate DPRs
potentially schemed to casing him. However, prosecutors portray Ulbricht, going so far as to claim
that, as the one genuine DPR, he likely masterminded the killings of potential traitors – a charge,
"Profound Web" appropriately takes note of, that was dropped simply in the wake of being
referenced amid introductory statements to jury. Indeed, even viewers who are significantly
suspicious of self–serving claims by people running unregulated online bootleg trades may by
grieved by specific components of "Profound Web." Winter puts forth a solid defense that Ulbricht
was railroaded by a judge who blocked presentation of relieving confirmation, and deceived by FBI
specialists who as far as anyone knows overlooked established protects, and even "hacked a remote
server." Profound Web puts the conceded Silk Road author in a

Goffman 's Theory Of Self And Effective Medium For Mass...
Personal homepage or company websites are the best ways for sharing data ideas with
people which can have unlimited purposes. In 2000, 5.5 Million people were subscribed to
"Geocities" (A page for providing tools to create personal homepages). These personal
homepages have opened a unique and effective medium for mass communication. According to
Goffman's theory of "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life", a person tries to control his or
her behavior in social situations by making a certain impression of him/her upon others. He links
it with a stage performance where the "impression given" is the impression that a person tries to
give in this kind of social situation and "impression given off" is the impression that is conceived
by other people i.e. the audience. On the other hand, the deep web refers to the kind of
information that is usually not accessible to the ordinary people although it is present in the
databases (Singh, 2002). According to recent estimates, the deep internet is predicted to have
hundreds of times more data than that of the easily accessible websites or surface Web ("White
Paper: The Deep Web: Surfacing Hidden Value", 2001). This paper will describe as to how the
deep internet works and what kind of tactics internet users are using to find the data from deep
internet lately.
The deep internet allows the users to reevaluate the accessible databases based on their
broad–based link analysis. Web crawlers are only

The Innovation Of Deep Web Crawlers Essay
The Innovation of Deep Web Crawlers 1604 Task2 70824 ZHANG Qian (Alice) With the
development of software and network technologies, World Wide Web has infiltrated into aspects in
people's life. The understanding of the significance of information gathering deepens gradually,
because the information contains online user behavior and potential value. As a result, network
information mining has become a core subject and there is a growing need for a tool to help people
gather online information, which is called web crawlers. Traditional web crawlers have limitations
in mining information from the Deep Web that is hidden, which means the websites could be
accessed when users login, forms are submitted. However, these shortcomings can be solved by
deep web crawlers. This paper will initially explain the innovation of Deep Web crawlers, then
states applications and evaluates of this innovation. The methods for people to record information
have changed, for different tools are invented to simplify and save time, money and manpower.
Bamboo as well as silk were used in Chins to write before paper appeared. However, both of them
have shortcomings for bamboos are heavy and silk paper is exorbitant. Lin, Salwen, and Anokwa
(2003) point out that in the year 105AD, the invention of paper by Cai Lun improves writing
condition, thus, manual record has become the main way to record data. In their findings (Leiner et
al., 1997), conception of "Galactic Network" was put forward by J.C.R.

Cyber Crimes And The Cyber Crime Epidemic
The rise of the cyber–crime epidemic is a danger that can affect even the wariest of internet users.
There is an abundance of ways that hackers and the hidden dangers of the internet can pose threats
to internet users. Cyber scams, the deep and dark web, and counterfeiting are just some of the
cyber–crimes that exist in our day–to–day world. The effects of cyber–crimes can range from
computer viruses, to monetary loss, and even identity theft. Above all, cyber–crimes can include
internet users being put at risk for financial loss, venturing through illegal content on the dark web,
and counterfeiting. The advancement of cyber–based technology has led to an increase in cyber–
crimes that procreate financial disasters. Hackers and scammers are now finding it easier than ever
to carry out these heinous crimes. For example, "[...] in July 2014, the U.S. Computer Emergency
Readiness Team issued an advisory that more than 1,000 U.S. businesses have been affected by the
Backoff malaware, which targets point–of–sale (POS) systems used by most retail industries"
(Walters). This quote clearly demonstrates that hackers are taking advantage of both people and
companies, causing financial loss on both sides, as well as the distrust in companies and credit card
providers. The development of technology has made it simple for criminals to commit theft in the
comfort of their own homes in the form of cyber–scamming and hacking. These outbreaks of
hacking related incidents establish

The Internet Is An Commodity For College Students
The internet is an commodity for college students, a useful source of information for many, though
few people who use the internet know that google, bing, etc. only search a minor sliver of the
internet for information. The rest of the internet that most people do not know about is referred to as
the deep web, This Time article elaborates: "Technically the Deep Web refers to the collection of all
the websites and databases that search engines like Google don 't or can 't index, which in terms of
the sheer volume of information is many times larger than the Web as we know it." (Grossman, Lev,
et al."The Deep Web." Time 182.20 (2013): 26.) Most search engines can only see what is referred
to as the Surface web as is explained on OEDb.com's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The benefits of remaining anonymous online are evident if you are any sort of a hacker or if you are
interested in any illegal activities. The deep web can only be accessed with a certain browser, in the
article "Inside The Dark Web" Max Eddy describes this browser and how it works: "Most people
take the Internet at face value, but what most of us interact with is really just a slice of the
information available called the Surface Web. To get to the Dark Web we have to go deeper, away
from the world of standard Web addresses and onto the anonymity network called Tor. When you
click on a link in Google, you're connected with the target information fairly directly. Someone
accessing the same site while connected through Tor would have their request bounced randomly
through volunteer computers called nodes before exiting Tor and arriving at the site, making their
online movements much harder to track." (Eddy, Max) If your computer is ever being hacked or
monitored while on the Tor browser you can use the "get a new identity" function and your windows
will be closed and the computer 's IP address will be scrambled through different nodes, at the same
time shaking any hackers and a new window will be opened. Anonymity is necessary for many
reasons online but especially for certain hacktivist groups. There are vigilante activist groups that
hack certain targets whether it be the government or other companies usually to expose corruption

The On The Deep Web
The Deep web is a place on the internet where majority people think loads of illegal activities
happen. While there are illegal activities that happen here, the Deep web is only the internet that is
not indexed by search engines. People can access these websites through an IP address, but because
of these websites not being indexed no one will be able to find them with normal search engines.
The Dark web, where the majority of the illegal activities are included in the Deep web as the Deep
web is the term used for all the websites including the dark web websites. One browser people can
access these hidden web sites is Tor. Tor is a free piece of software that lets users access websites
and that helps defend traffic analysis. Tor works by bouncing a user's communication around a
network of relays that are run by volunteers. (Torproject.com) A massive chunk of the websites
people can access with Tor are using the encryption tool they provide. This means these users will
only be able to access them with Tor, or use the same encryption tool. These websites also have a
.onion at the end. While Tor does do a decent job of hiding a computers location on the deep web,
experienced users can still track where the computers location is and hack into it. The Hidden Wiki
suggests that people trying to access the deep web follow these guidelines to stay a little safer. They
recommend never clicking on a website users don't want to see or be, or would want authorities
knowing about. They

The Present Society Of Our World Now Thrives On Mankind’S
The present society of our world now thrives on mankind's advancement in technology. According
to Munkittrick (2011) People still believe mankind to be experiencing the information age. While in
fact mankind is now starting to experience it's fifth and arguably most intense revolution in
technology. Which brings us into the Hybrid age in which technology may no longer be viewed as
what will be the next great invention. But instead as a rare technological view that will further be a
part of mankind's lives in culture, communication, art and most importantly our society. Computers
rule over our present society and redefines the many ways in which people function in their
everyday lives. Communication, information and even religious beliefs ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, it has grown because of the technological advancement that humans have created. And
because of technology, these are harmful threats will continue to evolve and grow alongside the
growth of it. But how so? What can contribute and who will ever contribute to anything that can be
harmful against our world, friends, family, and community? The answer is quite simple and that is
the internet and its users.
The internet is extremely important in people's everyday lives, so much that majority of the world's
economy and its governments rely heavy on the web. Communication, information, work,
education, and health care are all at the top when it comes to being heavenly dependent on the
internet. The birth of the Web opened up many opportunities, much of it being positive. But with
every light, there is a shadow. The Dark net, Dark web, and the Deep web. What do these names
stand for? What is their capabilities? And what kind people run, explore and seek the services
hidden in the shadow of the internet? The Dark net is the overlay network for the Deep web. And it
can only be accessed with specific configurations, software and authorization. This can often be
done by using an unknown standard communication protocols and ports that many people know of.
Since the creation TCP/IP "the internet's back bone." Created by government officials Kahn and
Cerf during a government grant. This opened the door for

Foucault's Power And Power
Foucault's Power (Intro) Power, what is power? Is it a thing, something that can be controlled by a
person or group? Or is it an omnipresent force with no clear distinction of what it is and what it is
not? My views before being introduced to Foucault was: power is an attainable thing, but elusive.
For example, it is said one has power, if one has enough money. Another example I commonly hear
is that, the government (the State, the law, police) holds too much power. My final example is, in my
opinion, power is usually viewed as a negative thing by ones that do not hold said power. Michel
Foucault, a philosopher, challenged the traditional view of power by analyzing power in a series of
studies of different forms of power, such as from his books: Madness and Civilization, Discipline
and Punish, and The Order of Things to name a few. What Foucault found through his critical
observations was that the concept of power in the traditional views were too narrow and specific;
not a singularity composed of only negative aspects but also a dualism that leans much heavier on
the side of positivity than vice versa and an omnipresent force (or rather relationships) that may be
used through various techniques but not owned at all.
DEFINITION OF FOUCAULT'S POWER
I will use this section to elaborate on each of the five points that according to Clare O'Farrell's, a
scholar at QUT (Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia), "key
concepts" page, on her website

Smart Crawler, For Efficient Harvesting Deep Web...
As deep web grows at a very fast pace, there has been increased interest in techniques that help
efficiently locate deep–web interfaces. However, due to the large volume of web resources and the
dynamic nature of deep web, achieving wide coverage and high efficiency is a challenging issue. We
propose a two–stage framework, namely Smart Crawler, for efficient harvesting deep web
interfaces. In the first stage, Smart Crawler performs site–based searching for center pages with the
help of search engines, avoiding visiting a large number of pages. To achieve more accurate results
for a focused crawl, Smart Crawler ranks websites to prioritize highly relevant ones for a given
topic. In the second stage, Smart Crawler achieves fast in–site searching by excavating most
relevant links with an adaptive link–ranking. To eliminate bias on visiting some highly relevant links
in hidden web directories, we design a link tree data structure to achieve wider coverage for a
website. Introduction The deep (or hidden) web refers to the contents lie behind searchable web
interfaces that cannot be indexed by searching engines. Based on extrapolations from a study done
at University of California, Berkeley, it is estimated that the deep web contains approximately
91,850 terabytes and the surface web is only about 167 terabytes in 2003. More recent studies
estimated that 1.9 zettabytes were reached and 0.3 zettabytes were consumed worldwide in 2007. An
IDC report estimates that the total of all

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