The document discusses the four main types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It focuses on carbohydrates, describing them as large molecules containing carbon that are usually chained. Carbohydrates have three main functions: supplying energy to the body, being used in cell membranes to allow communication between cells, and being part of DNA and RNA structures. Carbohydrates are divided into sugars (monosaccharides like glucose), disaccharides which are two bonded sugars, and polysaccharides which are complex chains of sugars like starch. The document also briefly outlines some key features and functions of lipids.

1. Biochemistry
Macromolecules

2. What are they?
•LARGE molecules
•Contain Carbon
•Usually in chains
•Ex. C-C-C-C-C-C
Why does he have 4 hands?

3. 4 Types of Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids (Fats, Oils)
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

4. 3 functions of Carbohydrates
1. Supply the body with energy
CARBOHYDRATES

5. 3 functions of Carbohydrates
2. Used as antennae in cell membranes
– Cells receive chemical messages from each
other
CARBOHYDRATES

6. Can you think of a time cells would
need to communicate?

7. 3 functions of Carbohydrates
3. Part of the structure of DNA and RNA
molecules
CARBOHYDRATES

8. 2 Types of Carbohydrates
1. Sugars are small molecules
• one sugar:
(monosaccharides)
• two sugars bonded together:
(disaccharides)
Mono = one
Di = two
Saccharide = sugar

9. Monosaccharide
Examples
• Glucose
• Fructose (found in fruits)
• Galactose (found in milk)
What do you notice about the
names? -ose = sugar

10. Disaccharide
2 sugars
bonded
together
Have you ever heard of someone being lactose
intolerant?

11. Mono means one Di means two
Do you know the prefix for “more than two”
or “many”?
POLY

12. Polysaccharides
Complex Carbohydrates
• Chains of sugars
• Must be broken down
to release glucose
• Ex. Starch
(many glucose)

13. Examples of Carbohydrates
Complex (poly)
• Pasta/rice
• Potatoes
• Broccoli/beans
• Bread
Simple (mono/di)
• Fruits

14. 2. LIPIDS
IMPORTANCE
1. Storing energy for a long time

15. 2. Insulation
(to maintain body heat)
What is this?

16. 3. Found in membranes
• 2 Layers of Lipids
• Membranes
surround every cell
and every organ in
your body

17. 4. Used by body to
make hormones
Do you know what
hormone is causing
this reaction?

18. Examples of Lipids
• Cheese
• Fatty meats
• Mayonnaise/Dressing
• Fried Foods
• Oils

19. Why store energy?
• Woman store more fat
to prepare for child
bearing
• Normal (non-obese)
humans can survive
starvation for 2 to 3
months.
• Your liver will change
fat into glucose in order
to get energy