Strategies of light reception in plants converted - Biophysics SARVJEET SHARMA
Strategies of light reception in plants converted - Biophysics
- Sarvjeet Sharma
bioentrepreneurship
Founder and Managing Director at JeeT TecNika
Manager at Enlighten Group of Institution
Management at मोहन कोठियाँ mohankothiya
Management at सोनपुर मेला , बिहार
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light reaction which converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH using chlorophyll, and the dark reaction which uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is vital as it maintains oxygen levels and sequesters carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while providing a crucial source of food and energy for other organisms.
Strategies of light reception in plants converted - Biophysics SARVJEET SHARMA
Strategies of light reception in plants converted - Biophysics
- Sarvjeet Sharma
bioentrepreneurship
Founder and Managing Director at JeeT TecNika
Manager at Enlighten Group of Institution
Management at मोहन कोठियाँ mohankothiya
Management at सोनपुर मेला , बिहार
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light reaction which converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH using chlorophyll, and the dark reaction which uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is vital as it maintains oxygen levels and sequesters carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while providing a crucial source of food and energy for other organisms.
The document describes an experiment to determine the separation between the plates of a Fabry Perot etalon. It provides background on the Fabry Perot interferometer and the principle of interference in the etalon. The experimental setup involves illuminating the etalon with a laser and measuring the angular diameters of interference fringes observed on a screen. By plotting the order of interference versus the cosine of the fringe angles and determining the slope, the separation between the etalon plates is calculated as approximately 2-3 mm, remaining constant despite varying the screen distance.
1.9 light absorption, reflection and colourQC Labs
The document discusses light absorption, reflection, and color. It defines key terms used in color technology like hue, strength/depth, and brightness/dullness. It explains that hue is determined by the wavelength region where light absorption is strongest. Strength refers to the color yield of a dye. Depth and brightness are also defined. Examples are given of absorption curves for dyes of different colors and how they relate to hue. Methods for measuring dye and pigment strength are outlined. The factors that influence dullness versus brightness in dyes are explained.
This document provides an overview of various spectroscopy techniques including UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. It discusses key concepts like electromagnetic radiation, photon energy, and the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter that are measured in different spectroscopy methods. It also provides examples of spectra for organic compounds and explanations of spectral features.
This document provides instructions for building and using a Michelson interferometer to precisely measure the wavelength of light. It consists of 3 parts: 1) an overview of how the Michelson interferometer works, 2) technical details of the experimental setup, and 3) a procedure for aligning the mirrors and measuring the wavelength of a He-Ne laser. The goal is to achieve an accuracy of one part in 10,000 by translating one mirror and counting the number of interference fringes that pass a photodiode.
Photosynthesis uses light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds like glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions where light energy is captured to make ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions where CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds through the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other pigments that absorb light for use in the photosystems. The energy from light drives electron transport and chemiosmosis to produce ATP, then electrons are transferred to NADP+ to form NADPH. These products fuel the Calvin cycle to reduce CO2 into glucose using the energy from ATP and NADPH.
The document discusses photosynthesis, which uses light energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. It describes the two stages of photosynthesis - the light reactions where ATP and NADPH are produced to power the Calvin cycle, which converts carbon dioxide into sugars. The document also discusses how plants use photosynthesis to produce food, the role of chloroplasts and pigments, and variations in photosynthetic pathways between plant types. Additionally, it mentions the importance of photosynthesis in moderating the greenhouse effect and how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation can impact the process.
Respiration in plants (Do plants breathe and Glycolysis)Harman_gill
Plants do breathe and require oxygen for respiration, producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Unlike animals, plants do not have specialized organs for gas exchange, but instead use stomata and lenticels. Each plant part is responsible for its own gas exchange at lower respiration rates than animals. Aerobic respiration utilizes oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy from glucose. Glycolysis is the first step and breaks glucose down into two molecules that enter the payoff phase, producing two ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvate molecules as end products.
CLIL refers to situations where subjects or parts of subjects are taught through a foreign language with dual aims of learning content and the foreign language simultaneously. CLIL features include content, language, integration of content and language learning goals, and developing thinking skills to manage this fusion. CLIL in schools aims to prepare students for an international society by teaching subjects in a foreign language and bringing language learning into content classes. Benefits of CLIL include increased motivation, improved language skills, and preparation for future studies or careers.
The document describes an experiment to determine the separation between the plates of a Fabry Perot etalon. It provides background on the Fabry Perot interferometer and the principle of interference in the etalon. The experimental setup involves illuminating the etalon with a laser and measuring the angular diameters of interference fringes observed on a screen. By plotting the order of interference versus the cosine of the fringe angles and determining the slope, the separation between the etalon plates is calculated as approximately 2-3 mm, remaining constant despite varying the screen distance.
1.9 light absorption, reflection and colourQC Labs
The document discusses light absorption, reflection, and color. It defines key terms used in color technology like hue, strength/depth, and brightness/dullness. It explains that hue is determined by the wavelength region where light absorption is strongest. Strength refers to the color yield of a dye. Depth and brightness are also defined. Examples are given of absorption curves for dyes of different colors and how they relate to hue. Methods for measuring dye and pigment strength are outlined. The factors that influence dullness versus brightness in dyes are explained.
This document provides an overview of various spectroscopy techniques including UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. It discusses key concepts like electromagnetic radiation, photon energy, and the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter that are measured in different spectroscopy methods. It also provides examples of spectra for organic compounds and explanations of spectral features.
This document provides instructions for building and using a Michelson interferometer to precisely measure the wavelength of light. It consists of 3 parts: 1) an overview of how the Michelson interferometer works, 2) technical details of the experimental setup, and 3) a procedure for aligning the mirrors and measuring the wavelength of a He-Ne laser. The goal is to achieve an accuracy of one part in 10,000 by translating one mirror and counting the number of interference fringes that pass a photodiode.
Photosynthesis uses light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds like glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions where light energy is captured to make ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions where CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds through the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other pigments that absorb light for use in the photosystems. The energy from light drives electron transport and chemiosmosis to produce ATP, then electrons are transferred to NADP+ to form NADPH. These products fuel the Calvin cycle to reduce CO2 into glucose using the energy from ATP and NADPH.
The document discusses photosynthesis, which uses light energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. It describes the two stages of photosynthesis - the light reactions where ATP and NADPH are produced to power the Calvin cycle, which converts carbon dioxide into sugars. The document also discusses how plants use photosynthesis to produce food, the role of chloroplasts and pigments, and variations in photosynthetic pathways between plant types. Additionally, it mentions the importance of photosynthesis in moderating the greenhouse effect and how human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation can impact the process.
Respiration in plants (Do plants breathe and Glycolysis)Harman_gill
Plants do breathe and require oxygen for respiration, producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Unlike animals, plants do not have specialized organs for gas exchange, but instead use stomata and lenticels. Each plant part is responsible for its own gas exchange at lower respiration rates than animals. Aerobic respiration utilizes oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy from glucose. Glycolysis is the first step and breaks glucose down into two molecules that enter the payoff phase, producing two ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvate molecules as end products.
CLIL refers to situations where subjects or parts of subjects are taught through a foreign language with dual aims of learning content and the foreign language simultaneously. CLIL features include content, language, integration of content and language learning goals, and developing thinking skills to manage this fusion. CLIL in schools aims to prepare students for an international society by teaching subjects in a foreign language and bringing language learning into content classes. Benefits of CLIL include increased motivation, improved language skills, and preparation for future studies or careers.
This document outlines 5 dimensions of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning): culture, environment, language, content, and learning. It describes each dimension in detail, providing subpoints on how each dimension can be implemented. It also defines key CLIL terms and concepts and provides examples of CLIL lessons and resources on the British Council website.
This document provides a lesson plan for teaching 15-16 year old students about countries in the Americas, focusing on Canada. The 80-minute lesson involves 6 activities: 1) introducing facts about Canada through a table, 2) having students complete a paragraph using the facts, 3) learning about common topics in tourism videos, 4) predicting the order topics will be discussed in a Canada video, 5) watching the video to check their predictions, and 6) writing paragraphs summarizing sections of the video script. The lesson aims to develop skills in cohesive country descriptions, paragraph building, and summarization strategies through content about Canada.
La fase luminosa o fase de Hill de la fotosíntesis se desarrolla en la membrana de los tilacoides y supone la conversión de la energía lumínica en energía química en forma de ATP y NADPH. Involucra la captación de luz por los pigmentos fotosintéticos, el transporte de electrones a través de la cadena de transporte electrónico, y la fotofosforilación, donde la energía generada se usa para bombear protones y sintetizar ATP.
Express Yourself 2016
Autori: M.G. Giordano, M. Nappa, N. Musso, V. Pizzuto, A. Murat, C. Nardone, E. Esposito
(I D, LS. V.Cuoco-T.Campanella di Napoli, prof. C. Mattera)
Express Yourself 2016
Autori: M.F. De Nicola, L. Fiorentino, C.Giso, A. Monteriso e L. Zampino
( I A, LS “ Cuoco – Campanella” di Napoli, prof. A. La Pegna)
La chimica e la luce scienza in gara al moroverves
Bioluminescenza-Chemioluminescenza-Fosforescenza-Le città del futuro illuminate da alberi bioluminescenti, fantasia o realtà?- Una nuova scienza: La Biomimetica
1.La generazione spontanea
2.Biogenesi
3.Introduzione
4.Le ricerche di Oparin
5.Gli esperimenti di Miller
6.Teoria del mondo a ferro-zolfo
7.Conclusioni
Virginia Woolf was born in 1882 in London to an intellectual family. She grew up surrounded by literature but suffered from mental illness throughout her life. Some of her most famous works include Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and Orlando, which explored themes of feminism, mental illness, and the passage of time through modernist techniques. Woolf helped form the Bloomsbury Group and co-founded the Hogarth Press with her husband. Despite her struggles with mental health, she produced groundbreaking fiction until her death by suicide in 1941.
1) Mr. Ramsay and Mrs. Ramsay take different approaches to life, with Mr. Ramsay relying on intellect and Mrs. Ramsay relying on emotions.
2) Only Lily Briscoe finds a way to preserve her experiences through her art, hoping to order and connect elements in her portrait that have no relation in the real world.
3) The lighthouse symbolizes different things to different characters - it can represent hope or frustration, and James comes to realize it has competing images that both contribute to its essence. Nothing can be defined by just one thing.
Oscar Wilde was an Irish poet and author in the late 19th century known for his only novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray" and plays. He was a proponent of aestheticism, which emphasized beauty and art for art's sake. Wilde lived an eccentric life in London, dressing extravagantly and attracting both admiration and criticism for his unconventional behavior and witty conversation. He had a high-profile trial and imprisonment for homosexuality, which scandalized Victorian society.
The document provides context on Samuel Beckett and his play Waiting for Godot. It discusses how Beckett contributed to the Theatre of the Absurd movement in response to the horrors of World War II. Waiting for Godot features no plot, vague characters, and incoherent dialogue to reflect the absurdity and meaninglessness of the human condition. The play was highly unconventional for its time in removing realism and replacing it with "bits and scraps" of language and dialogue.
T.S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land explores the spiritual and moral confusion of the modern world. It uses fragments from various sources without narrative to portray a "waste land" society fragmented by war. Some key aspects include its use of the Grail legend as a framework to discuss themes of fertility and rebirth. It also employs the "objective correlative" technique of using imagery to represent emotions. The poem had a profound influence on modernist literature through its revolutionary structure and style.
The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde was published in 1890 and immediately criticized as scandalous and immoral. It tells the story of Dorian Gray, a handsome young man who remains youthful while his portrait ages and reflects his moral corruption. Dorian sells his soul and pursues a life of pleasure and immorality, which corrupts his soul as reflected in the changing portrait. In the end, Dorian kills the portrait to try and free himself from his spiritual corruption, but mysteriously dies in the process. The novel explores the relationship between art, morality, and the human soul through Dorian's Faustian bargain.
14. 1. cuticola è una sostanza che ricopre l'epidermide Mesofillo Epidermide 4. Stomi: regolano lo scambio di gas per la respirazione e la fotosintesi clorofilliana. Le cellule di guardia, sono in grado di aprire, o chiudere l'apertura stomatica 5. Nervatura: serve per il trasporto della linfa grezza ( xilema di colore rosso) e della linfa elaborata ( floema di colore viola) all'interno della foglia. Tessuto lacunoso Le cellule di questo tessuto a palizzata contengono un grande numero di cloroplasti utilizzati per la fotosintesi, clorofilliana
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16. Quando le cellule si rigonfiano tendono ad allontanarsi l'una dall'altra, aprendo la rima stomatica; quando collassano la rima si chiude, impedendo all'aria esterna e ai gas contenuti negli spazi intercellulari della foglia di circolare liberamente. E’ così che le foglie possono prendere l'anidride carbonica dall'aria e rilasciare ossigeno e regolare la traspirazione . Nelle giornate molto calde, in cui la pianta rischierebbe di perdere molta della sua acqua circolante sotto forma di vapore acqueo, gli stomi si chiudono, bloccando l'eccessiva evaporazione e salvando la pianta dell'appassimento. Ogni stoma è costituito da un'apertura (la " rima stomatica ") contornata da due cellule reniformi (le cosiddette " cellule di guardia ") in grado di aumentare o diminuire il loro stato di turgore .
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19. Marcando * l’ossigeno della CO 2 e dell’H 2 O si è scoperto che l’ O 2 liberato è quello dell’acqua 7.3 Le piante producono ossigeno gassoso scindendo le molecole d’acqua L’ossigeno gassoso (O2) prodotto durante la fotosintesi proviene dall’ossigeno presente nelle molecole d’acqua. Figure 7.3A–C Reagenti: Prodotti: 6 CO 2 12 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6 H 2 O 6 O 2 Marcato Esperimento 1 Esperimento 2 6 C O 2 12 H 2 O 6 CO 2 12 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6 H 2 O 6 O 2 Non marcato C 6 H 12 O 6 6 H 2 O 6 O 2 + + + + + +
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26. la clorofilla appare verde perché assorbe le radiazioni nelle zone dello spettro diverse dal verde. Di conseguenza la luce verde, non assorbita, viene trasmessa (o riflessa) fino ai nostri occhi.
27. Nelle membrane dei grani, i pigmenti assorbono principalmente le lunghezze d’onda blu-violetto e rosso-arancione. Le lunghezze d’onde verde, che vengono riflesse, sono quelle che conferiscono il colore alle foglie. Figura 7.6B Luce che attraversa il cloroplasto Luce assorbita Luce riflessa Luce Cloroplasto
48. Figura 7.10B CICLO DI CALVIN 3 3 P CO 2 Entra: In una reazione catalizzata dall’enzima rubisco vengono fissate 3 molecole di CO 2 P 6 P RudP 3-PGA G3P 6 P 6 ATP 6 ADP + P 6 NADPH 6 NADP + Esce : 1 P G3P Glucosio e altri composti 3 3 ADP ATP 5 P G3P 1 Tappa 1: Fissazione del carbonio 2 Tappa 2: Consumo di energia e reazioni redox 3 Tappa 3: Produzione di una molecola di G3P 4 Tappa 4: Ritorno al composto di partenza RuDP
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50. La fissazione del carbonio inizia con l'attacco dell'anidride carbonica sul ribulosio difosfato, RuBP) uno zucchero a 5 atomi di carbonio legato a due gruppi fosfato. La risultante struttura a 6 atomi di carbonio viene immediatamente idrolizzata a due molecole di fosfoglicerato (PGA) a 3 atomi di carbonio . L'enzima che catalizza questa reazione è detto Ribulosio bifosfato carbossilasi o "Rubisco" . Le reazioni catalizzate dalla Rubisco rimangono piuttosto lente,per cui le piante producono quantità enormi di questo enzima, che, da solo, raggiunge circa il 25% di tutto il materiale proteico presente nei cloroplasti.
![[object Object],[object Object],Introduzione alla fotosintesi “ Fotosintesi ” ( phô dal greco = "luce") ad indicare che la produzione di sostanze organiche ha luogo in presenza di luce. 7.1 Gli autotrofi svolgono il ruolo di produttori di sostanze alimentari](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)