For more course tutorials visit www.newtonhelp.com Key Results: Key Conclusions (technical): Key Conclusions (critical thinking): I. OBJECTIVES 1. Introduction to the MATLAB Communications Toolbox. 2. Use various functions of the Communications

1. ECET 380 Week 1 iLab Simulation of a Fundamental
Communication System
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www.newtonhelp.com
Key Results:
Key Conclusions (technical):
Key Conclusions (critical thinking):
I.OBJECTIVES
1. Introduction to the MATLAB Communications Toolbox.
2. Use various functions of the Communications Toolbox to simulate
a fundamental communication system.
3. Using stem plots, scatterplots, and BER plots, observe various
characteristics of the transmitter, channel, and receiver in both
ideal and noisy conditions.
II. PARTS LIST

2. Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or Higher
Software:
MATLAB Version 7.1 or Higher
III. INTRODUCTION
The MATLAB software is a popular and powerful tool frequently
used across varied industries in the simulation and modeling of
systems, wireless and otherwise. Through the use of MATLAB,
systems behavior can be predicted and analyzed in conditions as
close to practical as possible. Of special interest to the study of
wireless systems is MATLAB’s Communications Toolbox. This
Toolbox can be used to simulate, evaluate and analyze an entire
wireless system from end to end. Models are developed to include
the entire system, from the baseband signal conditioning, to
modulation schemes, through the effects of stochastic radio
channels, and finally to demodulation and error calculations.
Having the ability to use MATLAB’s Communications Toolbox
gives the aspiring wireless communications engineer a solid
background for future investigation in this fast- expanding field.
IV.
A. Overview of the Communications Toolbox

3. 1. Open MATLAB and familiarize yourself with the Default Layout,
which includes the Current Directory, Command History and
Command Window. You will be working primarily in the
Command Window, but the other windows may provide useful
information in the future.
2. The Command Window is a command line environment, much like
DOS or UNIX. You will type all commands in this lab at
the >> prompt. Following each command, you will need to hit
the Enter key. Also, if you are working in the Citrix environment,
there may be a lag in MATLAB’s response. Some operations are
VERY processor intensive – just be patient.
3. -------------------------------
ECET 380 Week 2 iLab Simulation of a Rayleigh Channel
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Simulation of a Rayleigh Channel
Summary (two sentences):
Simulated and analyzed the effects of flat fading Rayleigh
channels on transmitted signals.
Simulated and analyzed the effects of frequency selective Rayleigh
channels on transmitted signals.

4. The radio channel that links the transmitter and receiver in wireless
communications applications can be a hostile and complicated
medium. Characteristics of the channel may lead to security
breaches, limit the application’s throughput, or severely degrade
signal quality if the system is not properly designed. The causes of
these deficiencies are primarily due to two factors: Doppler Shift,
which is caused by motions of the mobile device or objects in the
radio channel, and Multipath Fading, which results from scattering
of the transmitted electromagnetic waves. The radio channel is
usually characterized as one in which its statistics are modeled as
Rayleigh or Rician distributions.
Open MATLAB and familiarize yourself with the Default Layout,
which includes the Current Directory, Command History, and
Command Window. You will be working
The Command Window is a command line environment, much like
DOS or UNIX. You will type all commands in this lab at
the >> prompt. Following each command, you will need to hit
the Enter key. Also, if you are working in the Citrix
To get started, type in: >>
1. Scroll UP until the commcomm. Select this entry.
2. Scroll UP again, and select rayleighchanunder the Channels main
topic. Explore this section, along with doc rayleighchanto
familiarize yourself with the function.

5. 3. What information is available? Summarize each property &
parameter. Identify Read-Only (R) and Writable (W) properties.
4. At the prompts, type in the following (press Enter after each line):
5. What non-zero parameters of the channel are displayed? Record
their values.
6. Why is PathDelays = 0? Only one Path
B. Generate and Plot Rayleigh Channel Power
1. Take a screen shot that shows your plot to include with your lab
report submission.
2. -------------------------------
ECET 380 Week 3 iLab Antenna Design
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Antenna Design
Key Conclusions (technical):
Key Conclusions (critical thinking):
I.OBJECTIVES

6. 1. Introduction to the most commonly used antenna types and
significant design parameters
2. Design an antenna suitable for a 2G, 3G or 4G wireless application
deployment.
II. PARTS LIST
N/A
III. INTRODUCTION
In this lab exercise you will design an antenna suitable for a 2G,
3G or 4G wireless application deployment. Such applications
include 3G cellular (e.g. CDMA2000 evolutions), IEEE 802.11x,
IEEE 802.16 and Bluetooth. The antenna should be deployable at a
cellular base station, cellular mobile unit, Bluetooth unit, a wireless
LAN access point or portable unit. IEEE 802.16 base station or
portable device applications can also be implemented.
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Resources
Well known classical antenna design procedures for various
antenna types are available from Internet resources and texts such

7. as The ARRL Antenna Book. Consult these resources as you
proceed with your design as this will not only expedite the process
but assure that your chosen design parameters meet with FCC
specifications.
Refer to the FCC Part 15 documentation and other applicable
documents to make sure your design parameters meet the FCC
stipulated limits.
The parameters of primary interest include: Operating Frequency,
Directivity, Radiation Pattern, and Gain. For any application for
which you choose to design, investigate the parameters as
stipulated by the FCC. You must include these applicable
parameters in your report.
B. Antenna Choice
Work with your instructor to choose an antenna to design so that
the class develops a variety of solutions. Your report must support
your choice of antenna, that is, you must give the reasons why a
particular antenna type was chosen.
For example, for a cell phone, the antenna dimension, aesthetic
beauty, and omni-directivity may be the most important factors
influencing your design choice. However, for an antenna to be
deployed at a cellular base station, features such as directivity,
wide operating bandwidth and capability to radiate signals of
relatively high power may be the primary factors around which

8. your design is centered. As you can see, you need to consider
technical aspects along with practicality when designing your
antenna. The following table should help in understanding your
choice.
-------------------------------
ECET 380 Week 4 iLab Pulse Shaping Filters
For more course tutorials visit
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Antenna Design
Key Conclusions (technical):
Key Conclusions (critical thinking):
I.OBJECTIVES
1. Introduction to the most commonly used antenna types and
significant design parameters
2. Design an antenna suitable for a 2G, 3G or 4G wireless application
deployment.
II. PARTS LIST

9. N/A
III. INTRODUCTION
In this lab exercise you will design an antenna suitable for a 2G,
3G or 4G wireless application deployment. Such applications
include 3G cellular (e.g. CDMA2000 evolutions), IEEE 802.11x,
IEEE 802.16 and Bluetooth. The antenna should be deployable at a
cellular base station, cellular mobile unit, Bluetooth unit, a wireless
LAN access point or portable unit. IEEE 802.16 base station or
portable device applications can also be implemented.
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Resources
Well known classical antenna design procedures for various
antenna types are available from Internet resources and texts such
as The ARRL Antenna Book. Consult these resources as you
proceed with your design as this will not only expedite the process
but assure that your chosen design parameters meet with FCC
specifications.
Refer to the FCC Part 15 documentation and other applicable
documents to make sure your design parameters meet the FCC
stipulated limits.

10. The parameters of primary interest include: Operating Frequency,
Directivity, Radiation Pattern, and Gain. For any application for
which you choose to design, investigate the parameters as
stipulated by the FCC. You must include these applicable
parameters in your report.
B. Antenna Choice
Work with your instructor to choose an antenna to design so that
the class develops a variety of solutions. Your report must support
your choice of antenna, that is, you must give the reasons why a
particular antenna type was chosen.
For example, for a cell phone, the antenna dimension, aesthetic
beauty, and omni-directivity may be the most important factors
influencing your design choice. However, for an antenna to be
deployed at a cellular base station, features such as directivity,
wide operating bandwidth and capability to radiate signals of
relatively high power may be the primary factors around which
your design is centered. As you can see, you need to consider
technical aspects along with practicality when designing your
antenna. The following table should help in understanding your
choice.
-------------------------------
ECET 380 Week 5 iLab Code Division Multiple Access A
3G Cellular Multiple Access Scheme

11. For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Code Division Multiple Access A 3G Cellular Multiple Access
Scheme
I.OBJECTIVES
1. Use the TIMS modeling system to generate a CDMA signal.
2. Detect the messages transmitted in the CDMA signal in a noiseless
channel.
3. Add degradation in the form of noise to a CDMA signal.
4. Study the effects of noise on a CDMA signal.
II. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or Higher
Software:
TutorTIMS – Version 2.0 Advanced

12. The following TIMS modules will be required for the lab. Read
about the modules required for the particular lab section before
proceeding:
1. Sequence Generator
2. Multiple Sequence Source
3. Master Signals
4. Adder
5. Digital Utilities
6. Quadrature Utilities
7. Noise Generator
8. CDMA Decoder
9. Error Counting Utilities (Error Counter)
10. Phase Shifter
III.INTRODUCTION
The scarcity of the available spectrum and the explosive growth in
the popularity of wireless communications devices absolutely
imposes the need for the sharing of the available bandwidth among
wireless applications subscribers. A number of multiple access
schemes exist to meet this demand, each with its own merits and
demerits, including:

13.  FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access: Deployed in the
now mostly outdated 1G standards, this scheme was highly
bandwidth inefficient.
 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access: More spectrally
efficient than FDMA and still in operation in 2G standards such as
GSM, which is still widely deployed in many countries around the
world. TDMA is also the multiple access scheme of choice for
most of the wireless data-centric standards.
 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access: This is the access
scheme of choice for 3G and other evolving standards such as
CDMA 2000 and W-CDMA. This scheme, when combined with
spread spectrum, imparts certain advantages, as we shall observe in
this lab. It should be noted that the combination of the multiple
access scheme and the duplexing method (TDD, FDD) used in an
application is known the “air interface” method for that particular
application.
CDMA
In the CDMA scheme, each subscriber is assigned a unique code
which is as different from that assigned to all other subscribers as
possible. This setup allows the subscribers to use the same allotted
spectrum, say in a particular cellular communications cell, with
minimal interference to one another.

14. In the CDMA scheme, there is no need to divide the spectrum into
tiny bands, as in FDMA, and subscribers do not have to take turns
occupying a relatively large available bandwidth, as in TDMA.
This means that in CDMA applications, a relatively large
bandwidth is occupied all of the time when allotted to a subscriber.
One can thus see why CDMA is the scheme of choice for the 3G
and beyond cellular standards. Little frequency planning is
needed. It also has a large occupied bandwidth, without the
latency issues that arise from time division sharing. This all leads
to the possibility of supporting very high data rates, when
combined with other PHY layer schemes such as modulation and
compression. In addition, the technique of spread spectrum, which
is bandwidth driven, can be exploited. This helps mitigate
channel-imposed degradations, such as multipath fading.
Table 1 shows CDMA deployment in 2G and beyond cellular
standards with 2G GSM shown for comparison:
-------------------------------
ECET 380 Week 6 iLabIntroduction to OFDM Generation
For more course tutorials visit
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Introduction to OFDM Generation
I.OBJECTIVES

15. 1. Introduce the student to the underlying theory of operation of
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
2. Learn to use TIMS modules to implement an OFDM generator
scheme.
3. Generate and analyze OFDM waveforms.
II. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or Higher
Software:
TutorTIMS – Version 2.0 Advanced
The following TIMS modules will be required for the lab. Read
about the modules required for the particular lab section before
proceeding:
1. Sequence Generator
2. Multiplier
3. M-Level Encoder
4. Phase Shifter
5. Master Signals
6. Adder

16. 7. Tunable LPF
8. 100 KHz Channel Filters
9. Decision Maker
III.INTRODUCTION
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a
combination of modulation and multiplexing, and more
specifically, is a special case of Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM), as the name implies.
A single main data stream is split into many lower rate data
streams (multiplexing). Each of these streams is then individually
modulated onto a separate sub-carrier (modulation) and finally
recombined into a single composite OFDM signal to be
transmitted.
The addition of a cyclic prefix is also an important part of OFDM,
however, this feature will be discussed but not implemented in this
introductory experiment. The coding blocks will not be covered in
detail within this experiment.
-------------------------------
ECET 380 Week 7 iLab Frequency Shift Keying A
Bluetooth Modulation Lab

17. For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
Summary (two sentences) (2pts):
The purpose of this lab was to use Tutor TIMS to implement and
learn about Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM).
In addidion, Tutor TIMS was used to generate an OFDM signal.
I.OBJECTIVES
Introduce the student to the underlying theory of operation of
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
Learn to use TIMS modules to implement an OFDM generator
scheme.
Generate and analyze OFDM waveforms.
II. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or Higher
Software:
TutorTIMS – Version 2.0 Advanced
The following TIMS modules will be required for the lab. Read
about the modules required for the particular lab section before
proceeding:
1.Sequence Generator

18. 2.Multiplier
3.M-Level Encoder
4.Phase Shifter
5.Master Signals
6.Adder
7.Tunable LPF
8.100 KHz Channel Filters
9.Decision Maker
III.INTRODUCTION
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a
combination of modulation and multiplexing, and more
specifically, is a special case of Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM), as the name implies.
A single main data stream is split into many lower rate data
streams (multiplexing). Each of these streams is then individually
modulated onto a separate sub-carrier (modulation) and finally
recombined into a single composite OFDM signal to be
transmitted.
The addition of a cyclic prefix is also an important part of OFDM,
however, this feature will be discussed but not implemented in this
introductory experiment. The coding blocks will not be covered in
detail within this experiment.