Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
ECET 380 Entire Course NEW
1. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 1 iLab NEW
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Simulation of a Fundamental Communication System
2. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 1 Lab Simulation of a
Fundamental Communication System NEW
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Key Results:
Key Conclusions (technical):
Key Conclusions (critical thinking):
I. OBJECTIVES
1. Introduction to the MATLAB Communications
Toolbox.
2. Use various functions of the Communications
Toolbox to simulate a fundamental
communication system.
3. Using stem plots, scatterplots, and BER plots,
observe various characteristics of the transmitter,
channel, and receiver in both ideal and noisy
conditions.
3. II. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or
Higher
Software:
MATLAB Version 7.1 or Higher
III. INTRODUCTION
The MATLAB software is a popular and powerful
tool frequently used across varied industries in
the simulation and modeling of systems, wireless
and otherwise. Through the use of MATLAB,
systems behavior can be predicted and analyzed in
conditions as close to practical as possible. Of
special interest to the study of wireless systems is
MATLAB’s Communications Toolbox. This Toolbox
can be used to simulate, evaluate and analyze an
entire wireless system from end to end. Models
are developed to include the entire system, from
the baseband signal conditioning, to modulation
schemes, through the effects of stochastic radio
channels, and finally to demodulation and error
calculations. Having the ability to use MATLAB’s
Communications Toolbox gives the aspiring
wireless communications engineer a solid
4. background for future investigation in this fast-
expanding field.
IV.
A. Overview of the Communications Toolbox
1. Open MATLAB and familiarize yourself with the
Default Layout, which includes the Current
Directory, Command History and Command
Window. You will be working primarily in the
Command Window, but the other windows may
provide useful information in the future.
2. The Command Window is a command line
environment, much like DOS or UNIX. You will
type all commands in this lab at the >>
prompt. Following each command, you will need
to hit the Enter key. Also, if you are working in the
Citrix environment, there may be a lag in
MATLAB’s response. Some operations are VERY
processor intensive – just be patient.
5. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 2 iLab NEW
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ECET 380 Week 2 iLab
6. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 2 Lab Simulation of a
Rayleigh Channel NEW
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Simulation of a Rayleigh Channel
Summary (two sentences):
Simulated and analyzed the effects of flat fading
Rayleigh channels on transmitted signals.
Simulated and analyzed the effects of frequency
selective Rayleigh channels on transmitted signals.
The radio channel that links the transmitter and
receiver in wireless communications applications
can be a hostile and complicated
medium. Characteristics of the channel may lead
to security breaches, limit the application’s
throughput, or severely degrade signal quality if
the system is not properly designed. The causes of
these deficiencies are primarily due to two factors:
Doppler Shift, which is caused by motions of the
mobile device or objects in the radio channel, and
Multipath Fading, which results from scattering of
7. the transmitted electromagnetic waves. The radio
channel is usually characterized as one in which its
statistics are modeled as Rayleigh or Rician
distributions.
Open MATLAB and familiarize yourself with the
Default Layout, which includes the Current
Directory, Command History, and Command
Window. You will be working
The Command Window is a command line
environment, much like DOS or UNIX. You will
type all commands in this lab at the >>
prompt. Following each command, you will need
to hit the Enter key. Also, if you are working in the
Citrix
To get started, type in: >>
3. Scroll UP until the commcomm. Select this
entry.
4. Scroll UP again, and select rayleighchanunder
the Channels main topic. Explore this section,
along with doc rayleighchanto familiarize yourself
with the function.
5. What information is available? Summarize each
property & parameter. Identify Read-Only (R) and
Writable (W) properties.
6. At the prompts, type in the following (press
8. Enter after each line):
7. What non-zero parameters of the channel are
displayed? Record their values.
8. Why is PathDelays = 0? Only one Path
B. Generate and Plot Rayleigh Channel Power
1. Take a screen shot that shows your plot to
include with your lab report submission.
9. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 3 iLab Antenna Design
NEW
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Antenna Design
Key Conclusions (technical):
Key Conclusions (critical thinking):
V. OBJECTIVES
4. Introduction to the most commonly used
antenna types and significant design parameters
5. Design an antenna suitable for a 2G, 3G or 4G
wireless application deployment.
VI. PARTS LIST
N/A
VII. INTRODUCTION
In this lab exercise you will design an antenna
suitable for a 2G, 3G or 4G wireless application
deployment. Such applications include 3G cellular
(e.g. CDMA2000 evolutions), IEEE 802.11x, IEEE
10. 802.16 and Bluetooth. The antenna should be
deployable at a cellular base station, cellular
mobile unit, Bluetooth unit, a wireless LAN access
point or portable unit. IEEE 802.16 base station or
portable device applications can also be
implemented.
VIII. PROCEDURE
A. Resources
Well known classical antenna design procedures
for various antenna types are available from
Internet resources and texts such as The ARRL
Antenna Book. Consult these resources as you
proceed with your design as this will not only
expedite the process but assure that your chosen
design parameters meet with FCC specifications.
Refer to the FCC Part 15 documentation and other
applicable documents to make sure your design
parameters meet the FCC stipulated limits.
The parameters of primary interest include:
Operating Frequency, Directivity, Radiation
Pattern, and Gain. For any application for which
you choose to design, investigate the parameters
as stipulated by the FCC. You must include these
applicable parameters in your report.
11. B. Antenna Choice
Work with your instructor to choose an antenna to
design so that the class develops a variety of
solutions. Your report must support your choice
of antenna, that is, you must give the reasons why
a particular antenna type was chosen.
For example, for a cell phone, the antenna
dimension, aesthetic beauty, and omni-directivity
may be the most important factors influencing
your design choice. However, for an antenna to be
deployed at a cellular base station, features such
as directivity, wide operating bandwidth and
capability to radiate signals of relatively high
power may be the primary factors around which
your design is centered. As you can see, you need
to consider technical aspects along with
practicality when designing your antenna. The
following table should help in understanding your
choice.
12. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 4 iLab Pulse Shaping
Filters NEW
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Title of Report:
Pulse Shaping Filters
I. We used MATLAB to designed pulse shaping
filters and investigated the filters’ Impulse
Responses as key filter parameters are varied
OBJECTIVES
1. Use MATLAB to design pulse shaping filters.
2. Investigate the filters’ Impulse Responses as key
filter parameters are varied.
3. Observe the effect of Matched Filtering on Inter-
symbol Interference (ISI).
II. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or
Higher
13. Software:
MATLAB Version 7.1 or Higher
III. INTRODUCTION
Baseband signal processing is an important
component of any modern wireless system. Line
Coding, Channel Coding, Encryption, Compression
and Pulse Shaping are all schemes deployed at this
level. Spectral scarcity is always a key
consideration for the wireless designer. Inter-
symbol Interference and other degrading effects of
a typical radio channel are also issues that need to
be addressed during system design. In this lab we
shall examine the roles of pulse shaping filters as a
means of achieving spectral efficiency and ISI
mitigation. The two pulse shaping filters we shall
work with include the Gaussian and the Raised
Cosine filters.
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Applicable MATLAB Tools
1. Open MATLAB and familiarize yourself with the
Default Layout, which includes the Current
Directory, Command History and Command
Window. You will be working primarily in the
Command Window, but the other windows may
14. provide useful information in the future.
2. The Command Window is a command line
environment, much like DOS or UNIX. You will
type all commands in this lab at the >>
prompt. Following each command, you will need
to hit the Enter key. Also, if you are working in the
Citrix environment, there may be a lag in
MATLAB’s response. Some operations are VERY
processor intensive – just be patient.
3. To get started, type in: >>help
4. Scroll UP until the commcomm. Select this
entry.
5. Scroll UP again, and look for the 3 categories
that contain filter options. List these sections,
their subcategories and descriptions of each.
15. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 5 Lab Code Division
Multiple Access A 3G Cellular Multiple Access
Scheme NEW
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Code Division Multiple Access A 3G Cellular
Multiple Access Scheme
I. OBJECTIVES
1. Use the TIMS modeling system to generate a
CDMA signal.
2. Detect the messages transmitted in the CDMA
signal in a noiseless channel.
3. Add degradation in the form of noise to a CDMA
signal.
4. Study the effects of noise on a CDMA signal.
II. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or
Higher
16. Software:
TutorTIMS – Version 2.0 Advanced
The following TIMS modules will be required for
the lab. Read about the modules required for the
particular lab section before proceeding:
1. Sequence Generator
2. Multiple Sequence Source
3. Master Signals
4. Adder
5. Digital Utilities
6. Quadrature Utilities
7. Noise Generator
8. CDMA Decoder
9. Error Counting Utilities (Error Counter)
10. Phase Shifter
III. INTRODUCTION
The scarcity of the available spectrum and the
explosive growth in the popularity of wireless
communications devices absolutely imposes the
need for the sharing of the available bandwidth
among wireless applications subscribers. A
number of multiple access schemes exist to meet
this demand, each with its own merits and
demerits, including:
• FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access:
17. Deployed in the now mostly outdated 1G
standards, this scheme was highly bandwidth
inefficient.
• TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access: More
spectrally efficient than FDMA and still in
operation in 2G standards such as GSM, which is
still widely deployed in many countries around the
world. TDMA is also the multiple access scheme of
choice for most of the wireless data-centric
standards.
• CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access: This is the
access scheme of choice for 3G and other evolving
standards such as CDMA 2000 and W-CDMA. This
scheme, when combined with spread spectrum,
imparts certain advantages, as we shall observe in
this lab. It should be noted that the combination of
the multiple access scheme and the duplexing
method (TDD, FDD) used in an application is
known the “air interface” method for that
particular application.
CDMA
In the CDMA scheme, each subscriber is assigned a
unique code which is as different from that
assigned to all other subscribers as possible. This
setup allows the subscribers to use the same
18. allotted spectrum, say in a particular cellular
communications cell, with minimal interference to
one another.
In the CDMA scheme, there is no need to divide the
spectrum into tiny bands, as in FDMA, and
subscribers do not have to take turns occupying a
relatively large available bandwidth, as in
TDMA. This means that in CDMA applications, a
relatively large bandwidth is occupied all of the
time when allotted to a subscriber.
One can thus see why CDMA is the scheme of
choice for the 3G and beyond cellular
standards. Little frequency planning is needed. It
also has a large occupied bandwidth, without the
latency issues that arise from time division
sharing. This all leads to the possibility of
supporting very high data rates, when combined
with other PHY layer schemes such as modulation
and compression. In addition, the technique of
spread spectrum, which is bandwidth driven, can
be exploited. This helps mitigate channel-imposed
degradations, such as multipath fading.
Table 1 shows CDMA deployment in 2G and
beyond cellular standards with 2G GSM shown for
comparison:
19. Introduction to OFDM Generation
IV. OBJECTIVES
1. Introduce the student to the underlying theory
of operation of Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM).
2. Learn to use TIMS modules to implement an
OFDM generator scheme.
3. Generate and analyze OFDM waveforms.
V. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or
Higher
Software:
TutorTIMS – Version 2.0 Advanced
The following TIMS modules will be required for
the lab. Read about the modules required for the
particular lab section before proceeding:
11. Sequence Generator
12. Multiplier
13. M-Level Encoder
14. Phase Shifter
15. Master Signals
16. Adder
17. Tunable LPF
20. 18. 100 KHz Channel Filters
19. Decision Maker
VI. INTRODUCTION
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing) is a combination of modulation and
multiplexing, and more specifically, is a special
case of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), as
the name implies.
A single main data stream is split into many lower
rate data streams (multiplexing). Each of these
streams is then individually modulated onto a
separate sub-carrier (modulation) and finally
recombined into a single composite OFDM signal
to be transmitted.
The addition of a cyclic prefix is also an important
part of OFDM, however, this feature will be
discussed but not implemented in this
introductory experiment. The coding blocks will
not be covered in detail within this experiment.
21. DEVRY ECET 380 Week 6 iLab Introduction to
OFDM Generation NEW
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Introduction to OFDM Generation
VIII. OBJECTIVES
1. Introduce the student to the underlying theory
of operation of Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM).
2. Learn to use TIMS modules to implement an
OFDM generator scheme.
3. Generate and analyze OFDM waveforms.
IX. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or
Higher
22. Software:
TutorTIMS – Version 2.0 Advanced
The following TIMS modules will be required for
the lab. Read about the modules required for the
particular lab section before proceeding:
11. Sequence Generator
12. Multiplier
13. M-Level Encoder
14. Phase Shifter
15. Master Signals
16. Adder
17. Tunable LPF
18. 100 KHz Channel Filters
19. Decision Maker
X. INTRODUCTION
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing) is a combination of modulation and
multiplexing, and more specifically, is a special
case of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), as
the name implies.
A single main data stream is split into many lower
rate data streams (multiplexing). Each of these
streams is then individually modulated onto a
separate sub-carrier (modulation) and finally
23. recombined into a single composite OFDM signal
to be transmitted.
The addition of a cyclic prefix is also an important
part of OFDM, however, this feature will be
discussed but not implemented in this
introductory experiment. The coding blocks will
not be covered in detail within this experiment.
24. DEVRYECET 380 Week 7 iLab Frequency Shift
Keying A Bluetooth Modulation Lab NEW
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Summary (two sentences) (2pts):
The purpose of this lab was to use Tutor TIMS to
implement and learn about Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing(OFDM). In addidion, Tutor
TIMS was used to generate an OFDM signal.
I.OBJECTIVES
Introduce the student to the underlying theory of
operation of Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM).
Learn to use TIMS modules to implement an OFDM
generator scheme.
Generate and analyze OFDM waveforms.
II. PARTS LIST
Equipment:
IBM PC or Compatible with Windows 2000 or
25. Higher
Software:
TutorTIMS – Version 2.0 Advanced
The following TIMS modules will be required for
the lab. Read about the modules required for the
particular lab section before proceeding:
1.Sequence Generator
2.Multiplier
3.M-Level Encoder
4.Phase Shifter
5.Master Signals
6.Adder
7.Tunable LPF
8.100 KHz Channel Filters
9.Decision Maker
III.INTRODUCTION
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing) is a combination of modulation and
multiplexing, and more specifically, is a special
case of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), as
the name implies.
A single main data stream is split into many lower
rate data streams (multiplexing). Each of these
streams is then individually modulated onto a
separate sub-carrier (modulation) and finally
recombined into a single composite OFDM signal
to be transmitted.
26. The addition of a cyclic prefix is also an important
part of OFDM, however, this feature will be
discussed but not implemented in this
introductory experiment. The coding blocks will
not be covered in detail within this experiment