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Two Great Renaissance Artists
Two Great Renaissance Artists
The Renaissance period is known as a period of the rebirth of Greek ideas. The works of this time were more individualized and the artists had more
artistic freedom then were allowed in the Medieval or middle Ages. Two of the greatest individuals of the Renaissance time period wereLeonardo Da
Vinci and Michelangelo. Not only was Da Vinci a great artist, he was also the best in many fields other than art. "Leonardo is often viewed as the
archetype of the "Renaissance Man" because of his expertise and interest in many different areas, including art, science, music, mechanics, the arts of
war, politics, philosophy, and nearly every other subject that mattered" (Wikibooks, 2010). Michelangelo Buonarroti... Show more content on
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While most other artists idealized everything, he wanted to paint what he actually saw. He studied people on the streets and things in nature which, to
him, were the most beautiful things.
Leonardo da Vinci was and is renowned primarily as a painter and the works of art that Leonardo left behind are very few. He left us numerous
masterpieces that we still study and marvel at today, but he never completed a statue and has only about a dozen finished paintings. He left behind
many anatomical and mechanical drawing and thousands of sketches (Plumb, 1961). One such masterpiece, the 16th century oil painting of the Mona
Lisa, also referred to as 'La Giaconda', is considered by the art world to be one of his most famous works. It is the most famous and most parodied
portrait. The history of the Mona Lisa has long garnered much attention and stirred controversy with regard to the identity of the woman who sat for the
painting.
This painting is so special because of the type of color that Da Vinci created. This type of painting is called Sfumato, which is a type of shading that
allowed him to shade differently (Phaidon, 1994). The color is a darker Hue, which also makes the painting even more interesting and Da Vinci has
used a large amount of warm color. The lines in this painting are very precise and on point. The Mona Lisa has a geometric shape to it, the woman
being the center focusing point in the painting. This
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Research Paper On Leonardo Da Vinci
Addison Folse
Mrs. Rezza
World History, period 4
November 26, 2017
Research
Report
Leonardo da Vinci was born when his mother was not married, his parents were Florentine notary Ser Piero and a peasant with the name of Caterina.
He was brought up by his father and stepmother. When he was five he moved to his father's estate which was close to Vinci, the Tuscan town where he
lived with his uncle and grandparents. He did not have a great education. He only new the basics, which were reading, writing, and math instruction.
Even though he did not have a good education his artistic abilities were astonishing. When he was only fourteen, he began learning with the noted artist
Andrea el Verrocchio. He learned a numerous number of things including technical skills like; metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting,
and even sculpting. One of his earliest pieces was a pen–and–ink sketch of a landscape in the Arno valley, which was done in 1473. When he was
twenty he was qualified for a membership to be a master artist and made his own workshop. He still worked with his teacher for an added five years.
He ended up leaving Verrocchio's studio in 1478n because he was offered his first independent commission for an altar piece for a chapel inFlorence's
Palazzo Vecchio. He was asked to make two more commissions, but he left the city and abandoned both which he never completed.
Leonardo da Vinci was known as a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer, and
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The Luxottica Group : An Italian Eyewear Company
History/Background The Luxottica Group is an Italian eyewear company founded in 1961 by Leonardo Del Vecchio. Luxottica is the leading
designer, manufacturer, and distributor of luxurious and designer eyewear controlling over 80% of the world 's designer eyewear brands. Luxottica
has become a leader in the prescription eyewear business in North America with retailers that include LensCrafters and Pearle Vision brands,
Asia–Pacific with OPSM and Laubman & Pank brands, and in South America with the GMO brand. Luxottica also operates points of sale for its retail
licensed brands in North America under the Sears Optical and Target Optical brands. Luxottica is comprised of global sun and luxury retail
organizations in support and reinforcement of the brands global retail brands dedicated to sun and luxury eyewear which include Sunglass Hut, ILORI
and The Optical Shop of Aspen. Luxottica is one of the largest managed vision care operators in the United States through EyeMed Vision Care and the
second largest lens finisher, that include four central laboratories in North America, 900 in–store labs at it's LensCrafters locations, as well as an
additional facility based in China dedicated to North American optical retail.
SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis of Luxottica Groups S.p.A. provides important information which is utilized to effectively operate the world's
largest eyewear retailer. Luxottica's SWOT analysis throughly describes the internal and external
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Research Paper On Leonardo Da Vinci
Well you want to know about Leonardo da vinci. Let's talk about him. Leonardo da vinci was born April 15, 1452. He then died on May 2, 1519 at
the age of 67. Leonardo da vinci was known for his art and science smartness. It was honestly insane how smart he was by the time he was 18. When
he was 18 he was doing all kind of sorts of stuff that was almost impossible. When Leonardo da vinci was 5 years old he was taken from his mom. He
had very very little education but when he was 14 he was interested in anatomy which is the study of the human body. He was studying bones and
all that is in the body and how it functions. When he saw what the human body looked like he then drew very detailed drawing in his notebooks.
When he would them though he would draw them backwards. With all of the objects that he had seen with exploring a lot he found objects to make
different machines or vehicles. When he would draw in the notebooks he would draw so many things that it kind got overwhelming. When he would
draw some of the drawing he got so many ideas he couldn't remember some of them because there were so many. When he would draw in his
notebook he would just draw those things he would also do his sculptings and his weapons of war. He was also the one who painted one of the most
famous paintings. The mona lisa. Around 1495, Ludovico Sforza, then the Duke of Milan, commissioned to leonardo da Vinci to paint 'the last supper'
on the back wall of the dining hall inside the building of
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How Did Leonardo Da Vinci Influence The Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and military engineer which is the perfect example of a "Renaissance man." With a
curious mind, da Vinci studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work. His ideas and body of work have influenced countless
artists and made da Vinci a great influence of the Italian Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, near the village of Vinci about 25 miles west ofFlorence. He was the illegitimate son of Ser Piero da
Vinci, a prominent notary of Florence, and a local woman, Caterina. Leonardo's childhood is unknown except that when he was fifteen, his father
apprenticed him and became a student of Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading artist of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this is bizarre because Leonardo received little formal education beyond basic reading, writing and mathematics, but his artistic talents were
clear from an early age.
At the age of 20, da Vinci qualified for membership as an artist in Florence's Guild of Saint Luke and built his own workshop. However, he
continued to work with his teacher for an additional five years. According to Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects, written
around 1550 by artist Giorgio Vasari, "Verrocchio was so humbled by the superior talent of his pupil that he never picked up a paintbrush again." This
truly is amazing, the fact that Verrocchio taught Leonardo for many years and he got to witness him develop into one of the best artists to ever live. It
makes you appreciate his talent, when the teacher decides to retire because he feels that he has completed his mission – to teach his student to his full
potential. It just so happens to be in this case that the student became the best there is.
LEONARDO DA VINCI RESEARCH
Sadly all good things must come to an end, in 1478, Leonardo left Verrocchio's studio. However, shortly after leaving, da Vinci received his first
independent commission for an altarpiece to reside in a chapel inside Florence's Palazzo Vecchio. Three years later the Augustinian monks of
Florence's San Donato a Scopeto tasked him to paint "Adoration of the Magi." The young artist, however, would leave the city and abandon both
commissions
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Hi Michelangelo: A Brief Biography Of Giorgio Vasari
Hi Michelangelo this is Giorgio Vasari. I was born into the artisan class of Arezzo. I am a painter, architect, and art historian. I was the son of a dealer
in small goods. As i heard, I was apprenticed as a boy to Andrea del Sarto in Florence. I suffered at the hands of Andrea's wife, to judge from the
waspish references to her in his life of Andrea. I have a very active career at the moment. I fulsomely praised the Medici family for forwarding my
career from childhood, and much of my work was done for Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany. But i'm pretty sure you must remember me because
we have meat before and became very close. I ventured you to the point where you became my idol. I was influenced by you and Raphael to do the
paintings I did
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Biography of Leonardo Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 15th, 1452 in Vinci, Italy, and died May 2nd, 1519 in Amboise, France (Abbagnano). Leonardo Da Vinci
once said, "I can carry out a sculpture in marble, bronze, or clay; and in painting I can do everything it is possible to do" (Lester, 63). Leonardo was
an exceptionally talented artist and everyone recognized this, including himself. To be the greatest does not just mean being the most well known or to
have the best quality of work. To be the greatest artist means to take time and put effort into the work, and appreciate the work. To be the greatest artist
means to be influential and to inspiring to other artists who wish to learn the same techniques. Leonardo was exactly this. Leonardo Da Vinci put an
exceedingly amount of effort into his work and inspired many artists around him. Although he was often unreliable when it came to his work,
Leonardo Da Vinci was the greatest artist in European history because of his intense focus on nature and perspective, his studies of proportions and
mathematics, and because of his influence on a number of artists. It is undeniable that Leonardo Da Vinci put a great deal of time into his work and
studied plenty about the physics of nature and perspective. In fact, a great deal of his time revolved around these studies alone. Leonardo Da Vinci
wrote in notebooks about methodological graphic symbols on procedures of scientific information and on philosophical application, as well as the
processes of
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Nicolas Poussin Essay
Nicolas Poussin
1594–1665
Pictori philosopho (Blunt, 3), "Painter–philosopher" was a name given to Nicolas Poussin by Serous d' Agincourt in 1782. Agincourt later found out
that the name Pictori philosopho had already been given to the German artist Anton Raphael Mengas.
Nicolas Poussin was born in 1594 in the town of Les Andelys on the Seine. He came from a nobel family that was ruined by religious wars according
to Giovanni Pietro Bellori. No actual proof of this has been established his father Jean Poussin was said to have had some descent of the hierarchy. His
mother was the daughter of an alderman. His father served in the military under the command of Charles IX, Henry III, and Henry IV were he ... Show
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At the age of thirty Poussin left Paris for Rome, Italy.
Poussin arrived at his destination in March of 1624. During his journey he made a short stop in Venice. In Rome Poussin metpainter Marcello Sacchetti
on of the active patrons of the arts in Rome. During his first couple of years in Rome Poussin stayed in various homes. In 1629 he took shelter with
Jacques Dughet, a French cook, and his family. Jacques and his family took care of Poussin when he suffered from what is called 'mal di
Francia.'(Blunt, 55) After several years were spent recovering from his illness Jacques gave his daughter Anne Marie to Poussin in marriage. The
ceremony toke place on September 1, 1630 in the city of Lucina. Jacques Dughet had two sons named Gaspard and Jean, who were artist and worked
under the supervision of their brother–in–law. Gaspard was so inspired by Poussin that in the later years of his life he took the name of his great
teacher Gaspard Poussin.
During this time Poussin kept company with many painters who he was to keep a close friend ship for many years. He lived close to many painters
and sculptors of the time. Among these was Jean Lemaire, who later worked with Poussin on the execution of the Long Gallery in the Louvre from
1640 to 1642. While in Rome Poussin dressed as a Frenchman, until hostile Romans attacked him due to the anti–French sentiment at the time. He
saved his
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Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, anatomist, botanist, writer, and architect in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Leonardo da Vinci was born in the village of Vinci, Italy, 25 miles west from the city of Florence on April 15th, 1452. He was the son of Ser Piero
and a peasant girl named Caterina. A couple months after Leonardo's birth, his father took custody of him and began to raise him alone, while his
mother had remarried. This left Leonardo with no full siblings, but 17 half sisters and brothers (Museum of Science).
Growing up with his father, Leonardo was shown artwork and paintings (Museum of Science). At the age of 15, Leonardo was employed to Andrea del
Verrocchio's workshop in Florence by his father. Verrocchio was the most... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leonardo's earliest known painting was a collaboration with Verrocchio. Leonardo's art had shown originality and differences from other artists. It was
skilled, slightly less than Verrocchio's work.
In 1478, Leonardo set up his own studio in Florence. 3 years later, he received a church commission for an altarpiece, his painting, the Adoration of
the Magi. In this piece, Leonardo developed a different approach. This painting conveyed a strong sense of continuing movement and his sense of
countervailing order. Leonardo's pieces of work had always shown either some of his interests, or strengths as a person. Leonardo went to Milan in
1482, presenting himself as skilled in many areas to the Duke of Milan. His work on early inventions showed his true strength in military
engineering, and his profound interests in the laws of motion and propulsion, as well as the workings of living things were clearly noticed by the
Duke, Ludovico Sforza. He was then hired to be an engineer (particularly military), and an artist. He served as a hydraulic engineer and consulted by
workmen in fields of architecture, fortifications, and
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Essay about Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo DA Vinci (1452–1519), Florentine artist, one of the great masters of high Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer,
and scientist. His profound love of knowledge and research was the keynote of both his scientific and artistic endeavors. His innovations in the field of
painting influenced the course of Italian art for more than a century after his death, and his scientific studies, particularly in the fields of anatomy,
optics, and hydraulics. He anticipated many of the developments of modern science.
Leonardo was born in the small town of Vinci, in Tuscany, nearFlorence. He was the son of a wealthy Florentine notary and a peasant woman. In the
mid– 1460s the family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Modern interpreters have excentially analyzed the truly classical qualities of this style which combine, like Greek art of the fifth and fourth centuries
BC, a spiritual and formal dignity, harmony and equipoise never before or after equaled in the history of post–classical art. It is easier to describe this
phenomenon than to explained it. But while older writers regarded it mainly and too simply as a revival of the pagan art of antiquity, more recent
studies have begun to throw light on the complexities of the style by investigating the intentions of its creators.
In this essay I am going to focus on some aspects of LeonardoВґs life in order to analyze the things that took him to invent and become one of the most
famous artist in history.
This was the period in history known as the Renaissance, when after hundreds of superstitions and slavery; finally appear the renovations of the study
of the sciences. Europe had abandoned the dark ages and the feudal system was left behind. New schools were opened and the people were lefting the
countryside in favor to the cities. For these changes was why the beautiful Florence City was full of artists and merchandisers. The Renaissance
penetrated VerrochioВґs work shop, were the painting and the
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Luxottica Essay
The Introduction:
Luxottica Group S.p.A. is an Italian eyewear company founded 56 years ago in Agordo, Italy. This company based in Milan is the world's largest
eyewear company. Furthermore, as a vertically integrated company, Luxottica is designing, manufacturing, distributing and retailing its eyewear brands
including LensCrafters, Sunglass Hut, Apex by Sunglass Hut, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Target Optical, Eye med vision care plan, and Glasses.com.
Its best–known brands are Ray–Ban, Persol, and Oakley. Luxottica also makes sunglasses and prescription frames for designer brands such as Chanel,
Prada, Giorgio Armani, Burberry, Versace, Dolce and Gabbana, Miu Miu, DKNY and Tory Burch among others. Luxottica's mission is to protect the...
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Although Luxottica has 7,265 retail stores with a vast network of third party stores in more than 150 countries, it did not become what it is today out
of nowhere. What made Luxottica stay and remain in the top of the race is the latest designs and high–quality products they offer; the company has a
remarkable vision about fashion, but their goal goes beyond that. Luxottica also cares about the health and wellbeing of their clients, and the mix of
these two things, fashion and health, create an amazing product that provide to clients not only a good look, but also pair of effective lens either
against sunrays or an improved vision, giving our eyes the best care possible. This shows how the company, besides giving customers what they need,
also shows costumers how their wellbeing can be improved by wearing a pair of good looking glasses. Furthermore, another core strength the company
has besides their vision of fashion and wellbeing that appeals costumers, is the eco–friendly way of working and caring about the world that surrounds
them, even though it is a huge eyewear industry, they still manage to do as less damage as they can to
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Compare And Contrast Leonardo Da Vinci And Michelangelo
Jordyn Brown
Mrs. Rezza
World History/ Pd.3
6 December 2017
Renaissance Men Throughout time, many men and women have made legendary contributions for mankind today. Two of those people are Leonardo
da Vinci and Michelangelo. Da Vinci and Michelangelo given society many new styles of education. They both specialized in science, mathematics, and
modern art. They each lived completely different lifestyles yet they have impacted many others. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452. He
perfected the talents of a sculptor, painter, architect, and inventor. Da Vinci was interested and fascinated by the study the laws of science and
nature. His ideas and work influenced many artists and which made da Vinci a star of the Italian Renaissance. Da Vinci has many famous artworks
published around the world such as the "Mona Lisa," "The Last Supper," and "Vitruvian Man." Leonardo da Vinci was born in Italy and was raised
by his father and stepmother. When he was five years old, he moved to his father's side of the family estate. He received little formal education yet he
still learned basic reading, writing, and mathematics. Surprisingly, his artistic capabilities were revealed during his early ages. Around fourteen years
old, da Vinci was an apprentice to the artist, Andrea del Verrocchio, that lasted a very long time. He learned various technical skills including
metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting, and sculpting. His earliest dated work was made with pen
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Luxotta
A sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) is a single element or multiple elements of a business's strategy that provide a sustainable advantage over
both existing and future competition. According to David Aaker, during a recent study, the average number of SCAs per business was 4.58. This
suggests that it is not sufficient to base a business strategy on a single SCA. With that in mind and after further research it is clear that Luxottica holds
true to the average. The SCAs that were most identifiable are Market Share, Vertical Integration, Brand Name Recognition, Low–cost Production,
Continuing Customer innovation, Product–Line Breadth, and Good Distributor Relations. Market Share Luxottica is the biggest eyewear company in
the world. According
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The Medici Family During the Renaissance Essays
Florence, Italy was a city just like any other during the Renaissance. It was city of 50,000 people, less than there were in Paris and Venice but more
than most other European cities. The busiest parts of the city were the Ponte Vecchio, a place lined with markets and houses, the neighborhood of the
Orsanmichele and Mercato Vecchio, or the Old Market.Florence was a place of beauty and leisure. A Venetian visitor once said, "There is in my
opinion no region more sweeter than that wherein Florence is a placed for Florence is situated in a plain surrounded on all sides by hills and
mountains...And the hills are fertile cultivated, pleasant..." (Unger, pg. 1). Florence was a very prosperous city; it made fortunes off of wool and ... Show
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At first, Giovanni was not wealthy. His family had very little money. After his mother's death, due to his current financial situation, Giovanni's
cousin, Vieri di Cambio de' Medici employed Giovanni and his brother, Francesco to work at his bank. In 1385, he was married off to Piccarda
Bueri, who was the mother of Cosimo and Lorenzo. Following his marriage, he took a risk and invested in his cousin's bank. He moved to Rome
to become an executive partner of Vieri's southern bank believing he was now skilled enough to attain wealth by using the methods of his cousin.
A few years later, Giovanni established the first Medici bank in Florence with a branch in Rome. A couple years after that, he opened a branch in
Naples and Venice (Parks, XI). Baldassare Cossa, a pirate whose ambition was to become Pope was one of Giovanni's first clients (PBS: Godfathers
of the Renaissance). With the help of Giovanni, Cossa got his wish and became Pope in 1410. His bank flourished due to Baldassare Cossa's success
in becoming Pope. Dealing with the papacy had opened up new doors into the Church for Giovanni. It drastically increased the number of clients
Giovanni affiliated with. He didn't achieve much compared to his sons and grandchildren but because established the first Medici Bank, he helped his
family acquire great wealth and popularity.
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici Cosimo de' Medici, also known as "The Father of his Country", was Giovanni's eldest son. From an
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Essay about Michelangelo's Statue of David
The statue of David, completed by Michelangelo in 1504, is an easily recognizable symbol to people not only in Florence, but from all around the
world. The David has a special meaning for Florentines, and is a symbol of what the city strives to be; strong, courageous, and youthful. The
sculpture tells the tale of the battle between David and Goliath. David, a young boy at the time, was angered at the way Goliath was treating the
Israelis and stood up to the giant feat of taking on Goliath. With a simple slingshot and stone, he defeated the angry giant, and became a symbol of
liberty. The story shows that anything can be done with the help of God. David is not only the most well–known sculpture in the world, but is housed
in one of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After deciding that the David would not take its intended position on one of the tribunes atop the roof line of the cathedral, "a parlamento of
twenty–eight citizens versed in art was called to advise on the work's placement" (Partridge, 2009). This group consisted of artists such as Botticelli,
Leonardo da Vinci, Piero di Cosimo and Filippino Lippi. During the meeting of January 25, 1504, several locations were proposed as to where to
place the David. These locations included places around Florence, but the two most favored were the courtyard of the Palazzo Vecchio and the
Loggia dei Lanzi. After much deliberation, the statue was finally placed by the main doorway of Palazzo Vecchio in the Piazza della Signoria, and
publicly debuted on September 8, 1504. Placed on the left side of the entrance of the Palazzo with his head slightly turned to the left towards the
Loggia dei Lanzi, "David did indeed
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New Product Development
INTRODUCTION
For any company, to maintain an already established brand name is as equally a challenging task as the creation of the brand. In today's challenging
market environment, any business is expected to continuously focus on organizational learning and continuous improvement and introduction of
products and services to stay alive in the market.
Continuous learning helps organizations to identify gap between the current business and areas which could be tapped with the help of existing
knowledge of the market which is close to our existing area of focus. This fits to services businesses as well as products businesses. Where there is a
solution to a problem, there is the prospect for a business.
One of the many ways of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The group 's manufacturing and wholesale distribution is engaged in the following: 1. The design, manufacturing 2. The wholesale distribution 3. The
marketing of house brand and designer lines of mid to premium–priced prescription frames and sunglasses.
CUSTOMER BASE
The group 's major wholesale customers include retailers of mid and premium–priced eyewear, such as optical superstores, independent opticians,
optical and sunglass chains, sunglass specialty stores and duty–free shops.
SUPPLY CHAIN
Luxottica is now a vertically integrated organization (Hugos, 2006) whose manufacturing of prescription and sun frames is backed up by a
wide–reaching wholesale distribution network and over 6,250 stores. Most of the company's outlets are located in North America, Asia–Pacific and
China.
MAJOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
The group 's key products and services include the following: * Prescription frames * Sunglasses * Design * Distribution * Retail
REVENUE ANALYSIS
The group recorded revenues of E5, 201.6 million (approximately $7,653.3 million) during FY2008, an increase of 4.7% over FY2007. For FY2008,
the US and Canada, the group 's largest geographic market, accounted for 49.7% of the total revenues. Luxottica generates revenues through two
business divisions: retail (55.7% of the total revenues during FY2008), and manufacturing and
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Luxottica Executive Summary
Executive Summary: Luxottica Group Luxottica Group is a major player in the modern business world and a prime candidate for a marketing case
study. Dominating the luxury eyewear market, Luxottica employs several notable marketing strategies in its highly profitable business model. To
understand the reasons for the success of this company, several factors relating to marketing must be examined in detail. This case study will examine
several of Luxottica Group's sustainable competitive advantages, including market dominance, vertical integration, and luxury/brand recognition. Next,
the potential weaknesses of the company will be examined, in order to identify potential opportunities, flaws, and room for growth. These weaknesses
are largely found as corollaries to the very areas in which Luxottica holds sustained competitive advantage. Finally, the key marketing strategies behind
Luxottica's huge success and profitability will be examined, including strategies related to product, price, place, and promotion. Overall this report finds
that Luxottica is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Analysts concur that "Global distribution and a large retail store base allow Luxottica to keep competitors at a disadvantage, as any new entrant
would have to consider using some of Luxottica's retail network if it were to reach the scale needed to compete" (Swinand, 2014, p. 2). Hefty
revenues give the company extensive leverage to produce competitively priced products, and to open well–placed retail locations which do more than
simply compete with smaller companies or stores. As a result, competitors sometimes have no choice but to merge, as Oakley did early in the last
decade. "...when competitors get too large, Luxottica can simply cut them out of their popular distribution channels" (Goodman, 2014, p. 2). In this
way, Luxottica has utilized its growing size and revenues to maintain and expand its market
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Luxottica institutional structure Essay
Organizational structure http://www.luxottica.com/en/about–us/company–structure http://www.luxottica.com/sites/luxottica.com/files
/organizzazioneedipartimenti_eng.pdf
ORGANIZATIONS AND DEPARTMENTS
Investor Relations
The Investor Relations department manages relationships with analysts and investors as well as with regulatory bodies that oversee the financial
markets.
Consequently, the department works closely with research analysts and fund managers to assist them in building models that support their stock
recommendations and investment decisions.
At the same time, the department also interfaces with the Group's top management for the purpose of sharing market insight and investor feedback.
Business Development
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information Technology
Information Technology handles all Corporate IT activities and projects, especially the "Transformation" ones which have the aim to define new
operating structures and IT platforms for the Group's various manufacturing and commercial processes. It is also responsible for the co–ordination and
delivery of the Group–wide projects and Group contract negotiations.
Retail divisions
Luxottica Group's Retail divisions manage around 6,500 optical and sun stores in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong,
China, Europe and the Middle East.
In North America, Luxottica Group controls the two biggest prescription eyewear chains – LensCrafters and Pearle Vision – and the most relevant
chains in the sun segment – Sunglass Hut and Ilori.
In South America Luxottica controls Multiopticas Internacional S.L. which manages over 470 eyewear stores operating under the Opticas GMO,
Econopticas and Sun Planet retail brands in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.
In Europe, Luxottica manages all the European location of the largest sun wear chain in the world: Sunglass Hut.
Luxottica Retail Australiasia is the leading optical product business in Australia,
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Luxottica Group S.P.a
Luxottica Group S.p.A
Competitive Strategy course project
Term 2
7/16/2010
Group C 15
Jince Joy 61110096
Manas Lodhavia61110407
Piyush Nahar61110236
Saurav Atri61110185
Vikas Garikipati61110187
Contents
1. Executive Summary.........................................................3 2. Introduction....................................................................4 3. Strategic Issues
analyzed..................................................8 a. Luxottica's position in the US market............................8 b. Gain of market share in the US and international
markets...8 c. Strategies in the current economic scenario.....................15 4. List of Exhibits............................................................20 5.
Bibliography................................................................21
1. Executive Summary
The eyewear industry is both a medical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The acquisition of Scarrone S.p.A., which had marketed the Company's products since 1971 and which brought with it vital knowledge of the Italian
market, was the first step towards the strategy of vertical integration.
Along with consolidation in the local market, the company also sought international expansion with the acquisition of independent distributors, the
opening of branches and the forming of joint–ventures in key international markets. With expertise in production capabilities the company expanded
into new markets predominantly by acquiring distributors in the target market, thereby gaining valuable insights into the market's tastes and preferences.
EYEWEAR: A NEW FRONTIER OF FASHION
Throughout its history, Luxottica has invested in its products. The acquisition of La Meccanoptica Leonardo in 1981, the owner of the Sferoflex brand
and an important flexible hinge patent, enabled the Company to enhance the image and quality of its products and increase its market share.
Beginning in the late 1980s, eyeglasses, previously perceived as mere sight–correcting instruments, began to evolve into "eyewear." Continual aesthetic
focus on everyday objects and interest on the part of fashion designers in the emerging accessories industry led Luxottica, in 1988, to embark on its first
collaboration with the fashion industry, by entering into a licensing agreement with
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Leonardo Da Vinci : The Most Famous For His Art
Carly Henry
S. Martinez
English IV – 1st hour
3/29/16
Leonardo Da Vinci
When hearing the name Leonardo da Vinci, what comes to mind? For many people it will be his artwork. This is because of all of the
accomplishments da Vinci has, he is most famous for his art. What many people don't know was that he was also a scientist, inventor, and philosopher.
Da Vinci lived in a time period known as the Renaissance. This was a time of knowledge and enlightenment, and it gave birth to many of the world's
most talented and educated people. Leonardo da Vinci was a very symbolic artist, but his knowledge and inventions are what led others to follow his
lead, making him the main influence of the Renaissance period.
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian man born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci,Italy. He received very little formal education, but his artistic abilities were
evident from a very young age. By the time Leonardo was fourteen, he had began an apprenticeship with Andrea del Verrocchio. This apprenticeship
taught him many skills including: metalwork, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting, and sculpting. The earliest known work by da Vinci is a
pen–and–ink drawing of the landscape in Arno Valley in 1473. By age twenty, Leonardo qualified for a membership as a master artist inFlorence 's
Guild of Saint Luke, where he established his own workshop. In 1476 Leonardo da Vinci was charged, alongside of four other men, with sodomy.
Although the charges were dropped, da Vinci's
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The World's Largest Eyewear Company
For the final project I have chosen the world 's largest eyewear company, Luxottica. After graduation, I potentially would like to work for Luxottica in
their human resources department as a human resources coordinator. This project researches a plan into successfully negotiating my career track at
Luxottica, it will examine contextual influences, the communicatory processes, negotiation expectations, and communicatory responses. Early
negotiations in careers are vital, the outcome of early negotiations determine the long–term financial well–being, overall career path, and the way
employers view you from the very start. Therefore, by analyzing negotiations within Luxottica it will enable me to better understand the negotiation
context in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Literature Review The significance of early negotiations in careers is that it controls the outcome of a person's well–being at the company, the overall
career path as well as the way other employers view the person from day one. In a study by Curhan, Elfenbein, & Kilduff (2009), focuses on the effects
of job offer negotiations on employees' succeeding levels of satisfaction and intentions to remain at the company. Furthermore, the researchers compare
the corresponding predictive strengths of two different types of negotiation particularly, employees' subjective evaluations of their job offer
negotiations versus their financial outcomes achieved. The researchers "sampled MBA graduates who negotiated their full–time job offers and
examined their subjective negotiation experience and tangible concessions as predictors of their job satisfaction, compensation satisfaction, and
intention to remain within their organizations 1 year later" (p 525). The findings from this research study conclude that the subjective value incoming
employees achieved during their first job negotiation significantly correlates with compensation satisfaction. Furthermore, early negotiation in careers
is significant in determining the future level of success at the company. In addition, people value opinions on the people who they value so if the
company values the person they will value the company. A study was done that determined that about half of new hired employees
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Biography of Michelangelo Essay
Biography of Michelangelo The second of five brothers, Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, at Caprese, in Tuscany, to Ludovico di Leonardo
di Buonarotto Simoni and Francesca Neri. The same day, his father noted down: "Today March 6, 1475, a child of the male sex has been born to me
and I have named him Michelangelo. He was born on Monday between 4 and 5 in the morning, at Caprese, where I am the PodestГ ." Although born in
the small village of Caprese, Michelangelo always considered himself a "son of Florence," as did his father, "a Citizen of Florence."
His Childhood and Youth
Buonarroti's mother, Francesca Neri, was too sick and frail to nurse Michelangelo, so he was placed with a wet nurse, in a family of stone cutters, ...
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In Michelangelo's personal diary he recounts his first two works: "My first work was a small bas–relief, The Madonna of the Stairs. Mary, Mother of
God, sits on the rock of the church. The child curls back into her body. She foresees his death, and his return on the stairway to heaven. "My second
work, another small relief. My tutor read me the myth of the battle of the Lapiths against the Centaurs. The wild forces of Life, locked in heroic
combat. "Already at 16, my mind was a battlefield: my love of pagan beauty, the male nude, at war with my religious faith. A polarity of themes and
forms...one spiritual, the other earthly, I've kept these carvings on the walls of my studio to this very day."
His patron Lorenzo died in 1492; two years later Michelangelo fled Florence, when the Medici were temporarily expelled.
His Studies of Anatomy
During the years he spent in the Garden of San Marco, Michelangelo began to study human anatomy. In exchange for permission to study corpses, the
prior of the church of Santo Spirito, NiccolГІ Bichiellini, received a wooden Crucifix from Michelangelo. But his contact with the dead bodies caused
problems with his health, obliging him to interrupt his activities periodically.
The
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Corporate Sustainability Through The Presentation Of The...
1.INTRODUCTION
This paper aims to analyze corporate sustainability through the presentation of the "Luxottica" case and the project "Zero Waste", which the company
started in order to reduce the environmental impact caused by its activities.
I chose this example in order to make clearer the opportunities that
sustainability can offer to companies under the competitive and strategic profile, in particular also focusing on how a good system of communication is
fundamental in this process.
The importance of this issue comes from the growing concern of society and firms about the excessive exploitation of natural resources and the
consequent depletion of the same. The insanely fast economic development during the last decades led to a growth in welfare and wealth, but it has
been merely based on the logic of obtaining the maximum profit, forgetting at the same time about the correct use of natural resources.
The need to link the economical development with a greater concern about our planet gave birth to a new concept of sustainable development, which
identifies a progress compatible with the preservation of the environment and resources for the future generations.
Initiatives have so been launched not only by national and international institutions, but also from the firms in first place, which significantly
contributed in the fight against the current state of degradation.
All of this conducted to the birth of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a new
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David Persuasive Speech
Many years ago during biblical times the Philistine lined up to fight Israel. A man standing over nine feet tall dressed in full armor came out of his
camp every day to find a challenger. For forty days there was no one willing to challenge Goliath until David volunteered. David was a young
teenager who wasn't even a part of the war, but was delivering stuff to his brothers, so it took some convincing to the king to let him be the challenger.
In 1 Samuel 17 more of the story is told. "45 David said to the Philistine, "You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against
you in the name of the LORD Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. 46 This day the LORD will deliver you into my
hands, and I'll ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Placed at his right leg there is a tree trunk. In the book that is used in the art history class 121 on page 288 it states that "the tree trunk supporting the
David is a reminder of the Ancient Roman copies of Greek statuary and evokes the classical past". One thing that stands out about Michelangelo's
sculpture compared to someone's like Donatello's is how masculine the statue is, and the moment that the statue was presented to be at. The statue is in
a pose that is represented to be right before the moment of the battle.
The statue of David is looking over his left shoulder with a very intense stare look in his eyes. He is starting to prepare for what could be the
biggest moment of his life, life or death is looking at him in the face. The very intense look in his face is not presented throughout his body, and this
is symbolizing that he is not physically focused, but mentally. David knew that without God on his side he could not take this man on, he was bigger
and stronger. He needed to have all the faith in the world to trust that God would deliver Goliath into his
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Papers On Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo da vinci was born on April 15th the year of 1452, he was born in vinci, italy. In a farmhouse beside the undulating hill of Tuscany outside
the village of Anchiano in present day Italy. He was the illegitimate son of ser piero da vinci and a local woman caterina. Some documents showed that
he lived with his mother until he was five then he moved in with his father in the beginning of 1457. His father married four times, although his first
three marriages were not quite successful.
One of Leonardo's famous quotes is: "Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is painting that is felt rather than seen." When he was
around the age of fourteen he began a lengthy apprenticeship with the noted artist Andrea Del Verrocchio inflorence. He learned a wide breadth of
technical skills including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting and sculpting. His earliest known dated work was a pen and ink
drawing of a landscape in the Arno valley it was sketched in 1473.
At ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The famous painting "Mona Lisa" in 1503–1504 and the "Horse and Rider" in 1508. These two paintings and one sculpture are very commonly talked
about in the art world. They are very wonderful painting, with many details and colors.
Leonardo da Vinci was a very talented and interesting man. He did many things in his life, and even drew the first helicopter (aerial screw) even
though it wasn't invented until the late 1940s. He was very smart and very curious about everything. He helped us learn more things and built things
we need today. For example, he built a lot of war machines, architect/innovations, water and land machines, flying machines and many more. I think he
is one of the reason why we are so advanced in
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The College Degree: Just Another Pyramid Scheme Essay
College is an institution of higher learning, providing general or liberal arts education rather than technical or professional training; and for years, has
been determined to be the best investment. Popular opinion denotes attending college to be paramount to social and economic accomplishments, and
lacking a college degree decreases employment, self–pride, and success. However, nothing in America's history has risen and continues to rise as the
cost of college tuition, which is now up more than five hundred (500) percent since 1985 (Rampell). Research shows the rising cost of tuition creates
more debt for students, a college degree does not guarantee social or economic success, and causes additional stress, which can lead to suicide. In ...
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Your net price is a college's total cost minus grants and scholarshipsyou receive. It's a discount of your college costs that you do not have topay back.
For example, the average published price of tuition and fees at afour–year public college is $8,660, but the average net price – what theaverage family
really pays – is just $2,910.
Although grants, scholarships and financial aid are available not every student receives them. Therefore those who do not are left no other choice but to
take out loans to compensate their college cost. There are many types of student loans federal, private, institutional and state loans. While federal
student loans have standard interest rates set by the federal government, private, institutional and state loan terms can vary greatly. Students using a
Sallie Mae private student loan should expect their loan to triple as their interest rates range from 3.25%–12.88%.
A recent U.S. News article tells the effect of loans on students: Average student loan debt grew by more than 10 percent between 2011and 2012,
according to new data...by
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Renaissance Italian Art : Art And Art Of The Renaissance
Renaissance Italian Artists The Renaissance occurred in Europe between 1400 and 1600. This event began in Italy during the Medieval period and
then expanded to the rest of Europe, marking the start of the Modern age. The Renaissance began in Florence Italy in the 14th century. It was a cultural
movement that had an enormous impact in Europe during the early modern period. The Renaissance's influenced politics, science, literature, art,
philosophy, religion, music, and other aspects. Around the 13th century inItaly started the Renaissance's art influence. Leonardo da Vinci, was known
as the "Renaissance man," because of his art masterpieces and his studies in other fields during this time. Italy wasn't a political concept in the ... Show
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After Michelangelo moved to Rome, one of the cardinals within the catholic church commissioned him to create a sculpture called ''La Pieta.'' ''La
Pieta'' was sculpted from a single piece of marble stone and it was a representation of Christ and his mother Mary. This 6 foot by 6 foot sculpture
only took 1 year for Michelangelo to complete it. The sculpture quickly became known for all the details that included the folding of the cloths, the
ribs, and the bones which are incredibly difficult to sculpt. After returning to Rome, Michelangelo heard about a sculpture that two other artists could
not complete because of its difficulty. Because of his success with ''La Pieta,'' Michelangelo decides to take over the job. He created ''David'' in 1501
and four years later the sculpture was placed outside the Palazzo Vecchio inFlorence. Michelangelo's intention was to portray ''David''as the perfect
and ideal man. Michelangelo took three years to sculpt this 17 feet sculpture, and ''David'' quickly became the pride of Florence. When Pope Julius II
heard about the artist's accomplishments, he commissioned Michelangelo to create his tomb. However, Pope Julius turns his focus in funding to
rebuild St. Peter's Basilica. Rome was overpassing a difficult time, and the Pope wanted to return it to its powerful roots. Michelangelo unhappy about
the Pope not paying back for the stone, returned to Florence. Yet, the Pope
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Da Vinci
Da Vinci – Battles and Brushstrokes, The Story Of His Lost Masterpiece
Leonardo Da Vinci, the famed Florentine polymath is revered around the world for his ingenuity, creativity, and adaptability, but even with a huge body
of renowned and legacy inducing work, this Renaissance man still has hidden depths that ought be shared with a wider audience. Da Vinci was a man
immersed in several battles of varying complexity, both internal and externally in his Italian home.
Many of Leonardos creations were formulated with battles and more specifically war in mind, the obvious being the many war machines he designed
(some of which he was rumoured to have actually created), but conflict was rife in 16th century Florence, and this eked its way into Da ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This rivalry between two creative powerhouses did not begin with the commissioning that would soon be bestowed upon them by Soderini, rather it
began when da Vinci returned to Florence two years after his younger counterpart. Da Vinci did not like the level of fame reached by this young star
(who was at the time working on the piece that would grant him immortality – the statue of David) and he expected to be treated with the level of
respect someone of his stature should demand. However, instead of this Leonardo with greeted with animosity as Michelangelo paid no heed to
Leonardo's preferred artistic output of paintings, instead he saw sculpture as the pinnacle of art and creation, claiming that it was easy to correct an
error on canvas, but fixing a mistake in sculpture was nigh on impossible so the greatest artists must therefore create sculptures. This was something
that da Vinci wholeheartedly disagreed with.
It was therefore difficult for Soderini to find the perfect conditions to convince both men to accept his challenge, but through a combination of money
and the chance to crush their rivals, both hesitantly accepted. The hesitation on both behalf 's came as a result of the nature of the commission itself,
namely that it was a fresco painting that was required. Leonardo disliked fresco painting due to the perceived rush needed to
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Advantages Of Luxottica
1.Corporate Strategy:
Luxottica Group are the world's largest eyewear company, based in Milan, Italy. Their long–term corporate strategy is to create the best possible
eyewear to satisfy its clients, and expand their market share by growing its various businesses, whether organically or through acquisitions1. The
Company will continue to focus on the following strategic pillars: vertical integration, design and technological innovation, brand portfolio
management, market expansion, financial discipline and the development of talented and committed employees1. Building strong brands that create
enduring relationships with consumers is key to how Luxottica plans to sustain its business in the future.
2.The Scope Of the Firm
It's clear that Luxottica prides itself on being a fully vertically integrated giant, which gives itself a distinct competitive advantage over its rivals as it
has complete control over the entire value chain. There are many make or buy fallacies studied with regards to vertical integration, therefor one may
be sceptical towards the idea of full vertical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From my studies on Porter (1996) I believe this business model enables Luxottica to operate on a third order level of fit, as every activity performed
in the company's production process reinforces the next one, and as well as reinforcing each other each activity also reinforces the company's strategy
of producing the best eye wear possible5. For example the company has a centralized manufacturing platform that provides daily monitoring of global
sales performance and inventory levels to meet local market demand, which helps reinforce the efficiency its high quality wholesale and retail
distribution systems. A large portion of Luxottica Groups competitive advantage grows out of the tight fit of its entire system of
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Leonardo Da Vinci Influence On Art
Now in order to find out the influence of renaissance arts to the later western art and society, I am going to talk about the the art works of Leonardo da
Vinci. Leonardo spent about twenty years (1480–1499) in the service of Lodovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan. His output during this period included
two of his best known paintings: The Virgin of the Rocks and The Last Supper.
About 1495, Ludovico commissioned da Vinci to paint "The Last Supper" on the back wall of the dining hall inside the monastery of Milan's Santa
Maria delle Grazie. The masterpiece, which took approximately three years to complete, captures the drama of the moment when Jesus informs the
Twelve Apostles gathered for Passover dinner that one of them would soon betray him. The range of facial expressions and the body language of the
figures around the table bring the masterful composition to life. The pigments of the painting "The Last Supper" were invented by himself. He used a
mixture which contain tempera and oil instant of the pigments which were widely used in painting the fresco in the Middle Age. Because this pigment
was a mixture of organic matter, like eggs and milk, and Leonardo Da Vinci painted it very thin, which resulted in the "last supper" starting seriously
peeling off due to moisture after 50 years. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scenography means that "the art of portraying objects or scenes in perspective". Leonardo da Vinci converged the all perspective line of mat, floor
and ceiling to the head of the Christ, which was the center of the picture and made the picture feel more harmonious and symmetrical. Leonardo da
Vinci drew the Christ in the center of the picture, which was also the optical center. He also used the light of the windows which were behind the
Christ to make the Christ become more noticeable and let people's vision concentrate on the
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How Did Leonardo Da Vinci Influence His Life?
Leonardo Da Vinci is one of the most famous names in history. He was a painter, a sculptor, mathematician, musician, architect, engineer, anatomist,
inventor, cartographer, botanist, geologist, and philosopher. He is considered to be one of the most diversely talented people ever to have lived.
Every field of academia that sparked his interest, he would want to become an expert in. The journals he kept throughout his life give us a glimpse
into what he was thinking and what he wanted to know. He lived almost six hundred years ago and yet still has an influence on us today. With great
feats in science and painting, he was the man that wanted to know everything. "The date of Leonardo's birth is not known with any certainty. His age is
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It was there that Leonardo spent many hours continuing his pursuit for knowledge. He made amazing discoveries in his workshop in Milan,
where he focused more on his scientific studies than his painting. He was one of the first people to discover how our eyes actually work. Many
people at the time believed the idea that our eyes produced light to illuminate what was in front of us. Leonardo discovered it was the other way
around that light goes through the eye and informs the brain. To make this discovery he had to invent a way of dissecting the eye without it's content
spilling out everywhere. To do this he would place the eye in egg whites and boil them both until they were solid. He could then slice both with ease.
Leonardo also discovered that light reflecting from tiny particles in the atmosphere is why the sky is blue (Anspinall, Dunn, 2003). He also designed
bridges that would be self–supporting. Unfortunately his bridge design was never built during his life, but there is now a bridge in Norway that
drew inspiration from his design. It was built in 2001 and is supported by three arches. When the bridge was unveiled many people came to see the
great ingenuity of Leonardo. Leonardo had a lot of free time working for the duke and so was able to observe mountains, valleys, and rivers. From
his notes it is clear he had an understanding of sedimentation and rock formation. He was fascinated with mountains and the fossils that formed in
them. It was also during this time in Milan that Leonardo was commissioned to paint one of his more famous pieces of art. In 1495 He would begin
work in Santa Maria delle Grazie monastery painting The Last Supper. Although many other artists had painted the scene of the Last Supper, what
made Leonardo's stand out was that he decided to paint the reaction of the disciples after Christ says "one of your will betray me. " "Instantly the
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Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper
It is difficult to determine who truly captured the spirit of the Renaissance due to the wide range of characteristics that defined the time period. These
characteristics ranged from science and art to religion and philosophy. The Renaissance was the collaboration of many historical figures who
contributed to scientific, artistic, political, religious and architectural advancements. Crediting one historical figure for capturing the spirit of the
renaissance required a lot of speculation and analysis, but it was Leonardo Da Vinci who ultimately possessed the traits that generally defined the
Renaissance.
The Renaissance consisted of and created many thinkers and doers. It was the new ideas for inventions along with the development of new perspectives
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In addition to his anatomical investigations, da Vinci studied botany, geology, zoology, hydraulics, aeronautics and physics. He sketched his
observations on loose sheets of papers and pads that he tucked inside his belt. He placed the papers in notebooks and arranged them around four broad
themes–painting, architecture, mechanics and human anatomy. He filled dozens of notebooks with finely drawn illustrations and scientific
observations. His ideas were mainly theoretical explanations, laid out in exacting detail, but they were rarely experimental.
Leonardo's approach to science was an observational one: he tried to understand a phenomenon by describing and depicting it in utmost detail and did
not emphasize experiments or theoretical explanation. Since he lacked formal education in Latin and mathematics, contemporary scholars mostly
ignored Leonardo the scientist, although he did teach himself Latin. In the 1490s he studied mathematics under Luca Pacioli. Renaissance humanism
recognized no mutually exclusive polarities between the sciences and the arts, and Leonardo's studies in science and engineering are as impressive and
innovative as his artistic work. he made continual observations of the world around
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Donatello's Donato Di Niccolo Di Betto Bardi
The story of David and Goliath is a well–known story from Old Testament that provides imagery of bravery and intellect overcoming brute force. The
story goes that Jerusalem was being threatened by an enemy army led by a giant, Goliath. To settle the war without mass death, Goliath challenges one
soldier to a one–on–one combat. Not one person would accept this challenge other than a young shepherd boy named David. Armed only with stones
and a sling, David defeated the larger and stronger Goliath, after which he cut off Goliath's head and delivering it to the King. David's heroism saved
the city from a terrible battle, thereby protecting the people's civic and religious rights.
From the days of the early Renaissance through the high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The marble statue shows and older, more solider type fully clothed David and is in a more Gothic than Classical style. This David was supposed to
go in the Cathedral on one of the buttresses. However, it was removed when other statues got too big and it was deemed too small for the Cathedral .
After the end of the Medici rule in 1494, the city government acquired the statue to place in city hall. [With an inscription on the strap this David is
holding – if you are patriotic, God will help you overcome your enemies – it became of symbol of Florence.]
Verrocchio Compared to the classical style of Donatello 40 years earlier, the bronze statue David by Andrea del Verrocchio is in a more humanist
style, with a more delicate linear quality. Popular legend holds that Leonardo da Vinci, then a young artist in Verrocchio's studio, served as a model for
the sculpture.
More like Donatello's David that than the more humble David of Michelangelo, Verrocchio's David has a brash quality. However, while young,
Verrocchio's David is several years older than Donatello's David. He also not nude but is dressed in a jerkin and skirt. These qualities makes him
appear less vulnerable. Further, while this David still has a somewhat detached quality, his stance is more self–assured and aggressive than that of
Donatello's
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Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper
Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the most famous artists during the Italian Renaissance, most known for his painting, the Mona Lisa (1517). However,
other than being an artist he was also a sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and draftsman. He also studied the laws of both science and
nature, which influenced his artwork ("Leonardo Da Vinci"). Today, Da Vinci is one of the most known artists, and influences and inspires many people.
To begin, Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, in a farmhouse located in Tuscany,Italy. His parents were Florentine notary Ser Piero and a
young peasant woman named Caterina. Young Da Vinci was raised by his father and various step mothers, and also lived with his uncle and
grandparents, after moving to his father's family estate at age five. He received a basic education of just reading, writing and mathematics. However,
from a young age he always showed artistic talents ("Leonardo Da Vinci"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was made under the influence of the artist Andrea del Verrocchi. Da Vinci was taught a variety of new skills from Verrocchi at age 14, in the city of
Florence. Verrocchi taught him skills such as metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting and sculpting. From the age of 20 to 25, Da
Vinci continued to collaborate with Verrocchi even thought at age 20, he was qualified to have his own workshop, and be a master artist at
Florence's Guild of Saint Luke. After leaving Verrocchi's studio however, he was given one of his firsts projects in 1479, an altarpiece in a chapel
inside Florence's Palazzo Vecchio. In 1481 he was asked to paint "Adoration of the Magi" by the monks of Florence's San Donato a Scopeto. However
Da Vinci never completed these projects because left the city ("Leonardo Da
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Leonardo Da Vinci : The Renaissance Man
Italy is home to some of the world's most prestigious and successful men. One man in particular paved the way for others to follow. He is none other
than Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci was not only a painter, but also a sculptor, architect, engineer, musician, inventor and scientist. There are not many
that were gifted in multiple aspects like him. His actions alone coined him the name "The Renaissance Man." On April 15, 1452, Leonardo da Vinci
was born out of wedlock in a farmhouse on the outside the village of Anchiano. He was the son of a Florentine notary named Ser Piero and a
young peasant girl by the name of Caterina. When da Vinci turned 5, he moved to his father 's family estate in Vinci, which is where his surname
derives. Leonardo lived with his uncle and grandparents. Leonardo did not receive a formal education. He learned the basics such as reading,
writing, and mathematics. Despite those circumstances, his artistic abilities were noticed at a young age. Close to the age of 14, he started an
apprenticeship with Andrea Del Verrocchio. An apprenticeship is simply put as working for someone in order to better understand what they do.
While working for del Verrocchio in Florence, da Vinci learned a vast amount of skills like metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting
and sculpting. Following da Vinci 's depart from Verrocchio 's studio; he received his first independent job. In 1478, he was asked to do an altarpiece to
reside in a chapel inside
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Da Vinci and Michelangelo: Two Titans of the Renaissance

  • 1. Two Great Renaissance Artists Two Great Renaissance Artists The Renaissance period is known as a period of the rebirth of Greek ideas. The works of this time were more individualized and the artists had more artistic freedom then were allowed in the Medieval or middle Ages. Two of the greatest individuals of the Renaissance time period wereLeonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo. Not only was Da Vinci a great artist, he was also the best in many fields other than art. "Leonardo is often viewed as the archetype of the "Renaissance Man" because of his expertise and interest in many different areas, including art, science, music, mechanics, the arts of war, politics, philosophy, and nearly every other subject that mattered" (Wikibooks, 2010). Michelangelo Buonarroti... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... While most other artists idealized everything, he wanted to paint what he actually saw. He studied people on the streets and things in nature which, to him, were the most beautiful things. Leonardo da Vinci was and is renowned primarily as a painter and the works of art that Leonardo left behind are very few. He left us numerous masterpieces that we still study and marvel at today, but he never completed a statue and has only about a dozen finished paintings. He left behind many anatomical and mechanical drawing and thousands of sketches (Plumb, 1961). One such masterpiece, the 16th century oil painting of the Mona Lisa, also referred to as 'La Giaconda', is considered by the art world to be one of his most famous works. It is the most famous and most parodied portrait. The history of the Mona Lisa has long garnered much attention and stirred controversy with regard to the identity of the woman who sat for the painting. This painting is so special because of the type of color that Da Vinci created. This type of painting is called Sfumato, which is a type of shading that allowed him to shade differently (Phaidon, 1994). The color is a darker Hue, which also makes the painting even more interesting and Da Vinci has used a large amount of warm color. The lines in this painting are very precise and on point. The Mona Lisa has a geometric shape to it, the woman being the center focusing point in the painting. This ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Research Paper On Leonardo Da Vinci Addison Folse Mrs. Rezza World History, period 4 November 26, 2017 Research Report Leonardo da Vinci was born when his mother was not married, his parents were Florentine notary Ser Piero and a peasant with the name of Caterina. He was brought up by his father and stepmother. When he was five he moved to his father's estate which was close to Vinci, the Tuscan town where he lived with his uncle and grandparents. He did not have a great education. He only new the basics, which were reading, writing, and math instruction. Even though he did not have a good education his artistic abilities were astonishing. When he was only fourteen, he began learning with the noted artist Andrea el Verrocchio. He learned a numerous number of things including technical skills like; metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting, and even sculpting. One of his earliest pieces was a pen–and–ink sketch of a landscape in the Arno valley, which was done in 1473. When he was twenty he was qualified for a membership to be a master artist and made his own workshop. He still worked with his teacher for an added five years. He ended up leaving Verrocchio's studio in 1478n because he was offered his first independent commission for an altar piece for a chapel inFlorence's Palazzo Vecchio. He was asked to make two more commissions, but he left the city and abandoned both which he never completed. Leonardo da Vinci was known as a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer, and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. The Luxottica Group : An Italian Eyewear Company History/Background The Luxottica Group is an Italian eyewear company founded in 1961 by Leonardo Del Vecchio. Luxottica is the leading designer, manufacturer, and distributor of luxurious and designer eyewear controlling over 80% of the world 's designer eyewear brands. Luxottica has become a leader in the prescription eyewear business in North America with retailers that include LensCrafters and Pearle Vision brands, Asia–Pacific with OPSM and Laubman & Pank brands, and in South America with the GMO brand. Luxottica also operates points of sale for its retail licensed brands in North America under the Sears Optical and Target Optical brands. Luxottica is comprised of global sun and luxury retail organizations in support and reinforcement of the brands global retail brands dedicated to sun and luxury eyewear which include Sunglass Hut, ILORI and The Optical Shop of Aspen. Luxottica is one of the largest managed vision care operators in the United States through EyeMed Vision Care and the second largest lens finisher, that include four central laboratories in North America, 900 in–store labs at it's LensCrafters locations, as well as an additional facility based in China dedicated to North American optical retail. SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis of Luxottica Groups S.p.A. provides important information which is utilized to effectively operate the world's largest eyewear retailer. Luxottica's SWOT analysis throughly describes the internal and external ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Research Paper On Leonardo Da Vinci Well you want to know about Leonardo da vinci. Let's talk about him. Leonardo da vinci was born April 15, 1452. He then died on May 2, 1519 at the age of 67. Leonardo da vinci was known for his art and science smartness. It was honestly insane how smart he was by the time he was 18. When he was 18 he was doing all kind of sorts of stuff that was almost impossible. When Leonardo da vinci was 5 years old he was taken from his mom. He had very very little education but when he was 14 he was interested in anatomy which is the study of the human body. He was studying bones and all that is in the body and how it functions. When he saw what the human body looked like he then drew very detailed drawing in his notebooks. When he would them though he would draw them backwards. With all of the objects that he had seen with exploring a lot he found objects to make different machines or vehicles. When he would draw in the notebooks he would draw so many things that it kind got overwhelming. When he would draw some of the drawing he got so many ideas he couldn't remember some of them because there were so many. When he would draw in his notebook he would just draw those things he would also do his sculptings and his weapons of war. He was also the one who painted one of the most famous paintings. The mona lisa. Around 1495, Ludovico Sforza, then the Duke of Milan, commissioned to leonardo da Vinci to paint 'the last supper' on the back wall of the dining hall inside the building of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. How Did Leonardo Da Vinci Influence The Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and military engineer which is the perfect example of a "Renaissance man." With a curious mind, da Vinci studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work. His ideas and body of work have influenced countless artists and made da Vinci a great influence of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, near the village of Vinci about 25 miles west ofFlorence. He was the illegitimate son of Ser Piero da Vinci, a prominent notary of Florence, and a local woman, Caterina. Leonardo's childhood is unknown except that when he was fifteen, his father apprenticed him and became a student of Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading artist of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... However, this is bizarre because Leonardo received little formal education beyond basic reading, writing and mathematics, but his artistic talents were clear from an early age. At the age of 20, da Vinci qualified for membership as an artist in Florence's Guild of Saint Luke and built his own workshop. However, he continued to work with his teacher for an additional five years. According to Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects, written around 1550 by artist Giorgio Vasari, "Verrocchio was so humbled by the superior talent of his pupil that he never picked up a paintbrush again." This truly is amazing, the fact that Verrocchio taught Leonardo for many years and he got to witness him develop into one of the best artists to ever live. It makes you appreciate his talent, when the teacher decides to retire because he feels that he has completed his mission – to teach his student to his full potential. It just so happens to be in this case that the student became the best there is. LEONARDO DA VINCI RESEARCH Sadly all good things must come to an end, in 1478, Leonardo left Verrocchio's studio. However, shortly after leaving, da Vinci received his first independent commission for an altarpiece to reside in a chapel inside Florence's Palazzo Vecchio. Three years later the Augustinian monks of Florence's San Donato a Scopeto tasked him to paint "Adoration of the Magi." The young artist, however, would leave the city and abandon both commissions ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Hi Michelangelo: A Brief Biography Of Giorgio Vasari Hi Michelangelo this is Giorgio Vasari. I was born into the artisan class of Arezzo. I am a painter, architect, and art historian. I was the son of a dealer in small goods. As i heard, I was apprenticed as a boy to Andrea del Sarto in Florence. I suffered at the hands of Andrea's wife, to judge from the waspish references to her in his life of Andrea. I have a very active career at the moment. I fulsomely praised the Medici family for forwarding my career from childhood, and much of my work was done for Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany. But i'm pretty sure you must remember me because we have meat before and became very close. I ventured you to the point where you became my idol. I was influenced by you and Raphael to do the paintings I did ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Biography of Leonardo Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 15th, 1452 in Vinci, Italy, and died May 2nd, 1519 in Amboise, France (Abbagnano). Leonardo Da Vinci once said, "I can carry out a sculpture in marble, bronze, or clay; and in painting I can do everything it is possible to do" (Lester, 63). Leonardo was an exceptionally talented artist and everyone recognized this, including himself. To be the greatest does not just mean being the most well known or to have the best quality of work. To be the greatest artist means to take time and put effort into the work, and appreciate the work. To be the greatest artist means to be influential and to inspiring to other artists who wish to learn the same techniques. Leonardo was exactly this. Leonardo Da Vinci put an exceedingly amount of effort into his work and inspired many artists around him. Although he was often unreliable when it came to his work, Leonardo Da Vinci was the greatest artist in European history because of his intense focus on nature and perspective, his studies of proportions and mathematics, and because of his influence on a number of artists. It is undeniable that Leonardo Da Vinci put a great deal of time into his work and studied plenty about the physics of nature and perspective. In fact, a great deal of his time revolved around these studies alone. Leonardo Da Vinci wrote in notebooks about methodological graphic symbols on procedures of scientific information and on philosophical application, as well as the processes of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Nicolas Poussin Essay Nicolas Poussin 1594–1665 Pictori philosopho (Blunt, 3), "Painter–philosopher" was a name given to Nicolas Poussin by Serous d' Agincourt in 1782. Agincourt later found out that the name Pictori philosopho had already been given to the German artist Anton Raphael Mengas. Nicolas Poussin was born in 1594 in the town of Les Andelys on the Seine. He came from a nobel family that was ruined by religious wars according to Giovanni Pietro Bellori. No actual proof of this has been established his father Jean Poussin was said to have had some descent of the hierarchy. His mother was the daughter of an alderman. His father served in the military under the command of Charles IX, Henry III, and Henry IV were he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... At the age of thirty Poussin left Paris for Rome, Italy. Poussin arrived at his destination in March of 1624. During his journey he made a short stop in Venice. In Rome Poussin metpainter Marcello Sacchetti on of the active patrons of the arts in Rome. During his first couple of years in Rome Poussin stayed in various homes. In 1629 he took shelter with Jacques Dughet, a French cook, and his family. Jacques and his family took care of Poussin when he suffered from what is called 'mal di Francia.'(Blunt, 55) After several years were spent recovering from his illness Jacques gave his daughter Anne Marie to Poussin in marriage. The ceremony toke place on September 1, 1630 in the city of Lucina. Jacques Dughet had two sons named Gaspard and Jean, who were artist and worked under the supervision of their brother–in–law. Gaspard was so inspired by Poussin that in the later years of his life he took the name of his great teacher Gaspard Poussin. During this time Poussin kept company with many painters who he was to keep a close friend ship for many years. He lived close to many painters and sculptors of the time. Among these was Jean Lemaire, who later worked with Poussin on the execution of the Long Gallery in the Louvre from 1640 to 1642. While in Rome Poussin dressed as a Frenchman, until hostile Romans attacked him due to the anti–French sentiment at the time. He saved his
  • 9. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, anatomist, botanist, writer, and architect in the 15th and 16th centuries. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the village of Vinci, Italy, 25 miles west from the city of Florence on April 15th, 1452. He was the son of Ser Piero and a peasant girl named Caterina. A couple months after Leonardo's birth, his father took custody of him and began to raise him alone, while his mother had remarried. This left Leonardo with no full siblings, but 17 half sisters and brothers (Museum of Science). Growing up with his father, Leonardo was shown artwork and paintings (Museum of Science). At the age of 15, Leonardo was employed to Andrea del Verrocchio's workshop in Florence by his father. Verrocchio was the most... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Leonardo's earliest known painting was a collaboration with Verrocchio. Leonardo's art had shown originality and differences from other artists. It was skilled, slightly less than Verrocchio's work. In 1478, Leonardo set up his own studio in Florence. 3 years later, he received a church commission for an altarpiece, his painting, the Adoration of the Magi. In this piece, Leonardo developed a different approach. This painting conveyed a strong sense of continuing movement and his sense of countervailing order. Leonardo's pieces of work had always shown either some of his interests, or strengths as a person. Leonardo went to Milan in 1482, presenting himself as skilled in many areas to the Duke of Milan. His work on early inventions showed his true strength in military engineering, and his profound interests in the laws of motion and propulsion, as well as the workings of living things were clearly noticed by the Duke, Ludovico Sforza. He was then hired to be an engineer (particularly military), and an artist. He served as a hydraulic engineer and consulted by workmen in fields of architecture, fortifications, and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. Essay about Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo DA Vinci (1452–1519), Florentine artist, one of the great masters of high Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist. His profound love of knowledge and research was the keynote of both his scientific and artistic endeavors. His innovations in the field of painting influenced the course of Italian art for more than a century after his death, and his scientific studies, particularly in the fields of anatomy, optics, and hydraulics. He anticipated many of the developments of modern science. Leonardo was born in the small town of Vinci, in Tuscany, nearFlorence. He was the son of a wealthy Florentine notary and a peasant woman. In the mid– 1460s the family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Modern interpreters have excentially analyzed the truly classical qualities of this style which combine, like Greek art of the fifth and fourth centuries BC, a spiritual and formal dignity, harmony and equipoise never before or after equaled in the history of post–classical art. It is easier to describe this phenomenon than to explained it. But while older writers regarded it mainly and too simply as a revival of the pagan art of antiquity, more recent studies have begun to throw light on the complexities of the style by investigating the intentions of its creators. In this essay I am going to focus on some aspects of LeonardoВґs life in order to analyze the things that took him to invent and become one of the most famous artist in history. This was the period in history known as the Renaissance, when after hundreds of superstitions and slavery; finally appear the renovations of the study of the sciences. Europe had abandoned the dark ages and the feudal system was left behind. New schools were opened and the people were lefting the countryside in favor to the cities. For these changes was why the beautiful Florence City was full of artists and merchandisers. The Renaissance penetrated VerrochioВґs work shop, were the painting and the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Luxottica Essay The Introduction: Luxottica Group S.p.A. is an Italian eyewear company founded 56 years ago in Agordo, Italy. This company based in Milan is the world's largest eyewear company. Furthermore, as a vertically integrated company, Luxottica is designing, manufacturing, distributing and retailing its eyewear brands including LensCrafters, Sunglass Hut, Apex by Sunglass Hut, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Target Optical, Eye med vision care plan, and Glasses.com. Its best–known brands are Ray–Ban, Persol, and Oakley. Luxottica also makes sunglasses and prescription frames for designer brands such as Chanel, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Burberry, Versace, Dolce and Gabbana, Miu Miu, DKNY and Tory Burch among others. Luxottica's mission is to protect the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although Luxottica has 7,265 retail stores with a vast network of third party stores in more than 150 countries, it did not become what it is today out of nowhere. What made Luxottica stay and remain in the top of the race is the latest designs and high–quality products they offer; the company has a remarkable vision about fashion, but their goal goes beyond that. Luxottica also cares about the health and wellbeing of their clients, and the mix of these two things, fashion and health, create an amazing product that provide to clients not only a good look, but also pair of effective lens either against sunrays or an improved vision, giving our eyes the best care possible. This shows how the company, besides giving customers what they need, also shows costumers how their wellbeing can be improved by wearing a pair of good looking glasses. Furthermore, another core strength the company has besides their vision of fashion and wellbeing that appeals costumers, is the eco–friendly way of working and caring about the world that surrounds them, even though it is a huge eyewear industry, they still manage to do as less damage as they can to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Compare And Contrast Leonardo Da Vinci And Michelangelo Jordyn Brown Mrs. Rezza World History/ Pd.3 6 December 2017 Renaissance Men Throughout time, many men and women have made legendary contributions for mankind today. Two of those people are Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Da Vinci and Michelangelo given society many new styles of education. They both specialized in science, mathematics, and modern art. They each lived completely different lifestyles yet they have impacted many others. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452. He perfected the talents of a sculptor, painter, architect, and inventor. Da Vinci was interested and fascinated by the study the laws of science and nature. His ideas and work influenced many artists and which made da Vinci a star of the Italian Renaissance. Da Vinci has many famous artworks published around the world such as the "Mona Lisa," "The Last Supper," and "Vitruvian Man." Leonardo da Vinci was born in Italy and was raised by his father and stepmother. When he was five years old, he moved to his father's side of the family estate. He received little formal education yet he still learned basic reading, writing, and mathematics. Surprisingly, his artistic capabilities were revealed during his early ages. Around fourteen years old, da Vinci was an apprentice to the artist, Andrea del Verrocchio, that lasted a very long time. He learned various technical skills including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting, and sculpting. His earliest dated work was made with pen ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. Luxotta A sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) is a single element or multiple elements of a business's strategy that provide a sustainable advantage over both existing and future competition. According to David Aaker, during a recent study, the average number of SCAs per business was 4.58. This suggests that it is not sufficient to base a business strategy on a single SCA. With that in mind and after further research it is clear that Luxottica holds true to the average. The SCAs that were most identifiable are Market Share, Vertical Integration, Brand Name Recognition, Low–cost Production, Continuing Customer innovation, Product–Line Breadth, and Good Distributor Relations. Market Share Luxottica is the biggest eyewear company in the world. According ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. The Medici Family During the Renaissance Essays Florence, Italy was a city just like any other during the Renaissance. It was city of 50,000 people, less than there were in Paris and Venice but more than most other European cities. The busiest parts of the city were the Ponte Vecchio, a place lined with markets and houses, the neighborhood of the Orsanmichele and Mercato Vecchio, or the Old Market.Florence was a place of beauty and leisure. A Venetian visitor once said, "There is in my opinion no region more sweeter than that wherein Florence is a placed for Florence is situated in a plain surrounded on all sides by hills and mountains...And the hills are fertile cultivated, pleasant..." (Unger, pg. 1). Florence was a very prosperous city; it made fortunes off of wool and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... At first, Giovanni was not wealthy. His family had very little money. After his mother's death, due to his current financial situation, Giovanni's cousin, Vieri di Cambio de' Medici employed Giovanni and his brother, Francesco to work at his bank. In 1385, he was married off to Piccarda Bueri, who was the mother of Cosimo and Lorenzo. Following his marriage, he took a risk and invested in his cousin's bank. He moved to Rome to become an executive partner of Vieri's southern bank believing he was now skilled enough to attain wealth by using the methods of his cousin. A few years later, Giovanni established the first Medici bank in Florence with a branch in Rome. A couple years after that, he opened a branch in Naples and Venice (Parks, XI). Baldassare Cossa, a pirate whose ambition was to become Pope was one of Giovanni's first clients (PBS: Godfathers of the Renaissance). With the help of Giovanni, Cossa got his wish and became Pope in 1410. His bank flourished due to Baldassare Cossa's success in becoming Pope. Dealing with the papacy had opened up new doors into the Church for Giovanni. It drastically increased the number of clients Giovanni affiliated with. He didn't achieve much compared to his sons and grandchildren but because established the first Medici Bank, he helped his family acquire great wealth and popularity. Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici Cosimo de' Medici, also known as "The Father of his Country", was Giovanni's eldest son. From an ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Essay about Michelangelo's Statue of David The statue of David, completed by Michelangelo in 1504, is an easily recognizable symbol to people not only in Florence, but from all around the world. The David has a special meaning for Florentines, and is a symbol of what the city strives to be; strong, courageous, and youthful. The sculpture tells the tale of the battle between David and Goliath. David, a young boy at the time, was angered at the way Goliath was treating the Israelis and stood up to the giant feat of taking on Goliath. With a simple slingshot and stone, he defeated the angry giant, and became a symbol of liberty. The story shows that anything can be done with the help of God. David is not only the most well–known sculpture in the world, but is housed in one of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... After deciding that the David would not take its intended position on one of the tribunes atop the roof line of the cathedral, "a parlamento of twenty–eight citizens versed in art was called to advise on the work's placement" (Partridge, 2009). This group consisted of artists such as Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Piero di Cosimo and Filippino Lippi. During the meeting of January 25, 1504, several locations were proposed as to where to place the David. These locations included places around Florence, but the two most favored were the courtyard of the Palazzo Vecchio and the Loggia dei Lanzi. After much deliberation, the statue was finally placed by the main doorway of Palazzo Vecchio in the Piazza della Signoria, and publicly debuted on September 8, 1504. Placed on the left side of the entrance of the Palazzo with his head slightly turned to the left towards the Loggia dei Lanzi, "David did indeed ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. New Product Development INTRODUCTION For any company, to maintain an already established brand name is as equally a challenging task as the creation of the brand. In today's challenging market environment, any business is expected to continuously focus on organizational learning and continuous improvement and introduction of products and services to stay alive in the market. Continuous learning helps organizations to identify gap between the current business and areas which could be tapped with the help of existing knowledge of the market which is close to our existing area of focus. This fits to services businesses as well as products businesses. Where there is a solution to a problem, there is the prospect for a business. One of the many ways of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The group 's manufacturing and wholesale distribution is engaged in the following: 1. The design, manufacturing 2. The wholesale distribution 3. The marketing of house brand and designer lines of mid to premium–priced prescription frames and sunglasses. CUSTOMER BASE The group 's major wholesale customers include retailers of mid and premium–priced eyewear, such as optical superstores, independent opticians, optical and sunglass chains, sunglass specialty stores and duty–free shops. SUPPLY CHAIN Luxottica is now a vertically integrated organization (Hugos, 2006) whose manufacturing of prescription and sun frames is backed up by a wide–reaching wholesale distribution network and over 6,250 stores. Most of the company's outlets are located in North America, Asia–Pacific and China. MAJOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES The group 's key products and services include the following: * Prescription frames * Sunglasses * Design * Distribution * Retail
  • 18. REVENUE ANALYSIS The group recorded revenues of E5, 201.6 million (approximately $7,653.3 million) during FY2008, an increase of 4.7% over FY2007. For FY2008, the US and Canada, the group 's largest geographic market, accounted for 49.7% of the total revenues. Luxottica generates revenues through two business divisions: retail (55.7% of the total revenues during FY2008), and manufacturing and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. Luxottica Executive Summary Executive Summary: Luxottica Group Luxottica Group is a major player in the modern business world and a prime candidate for a marketing case study. Dominating the luxury eyewear market, Luxottica employs several notable marketing strategies in its highly profitable business model. To understand the reasons for the success of this company, several factors relating to marketing must be examined in detail. This case study will examine several of Luxottica Group's sustainable competitive advantages, including market dominance, vertical integration, and luxury/brand recognition. Next, the potential weaknesses of the company will be examined, in order to identify potential opportunities, flaws, and room for growth. These weaknesses are largely found as corollaries to the very areas in which Luxottica holds sustained competitive advantage. Finally, the key marketing strategies behind Luxottica's huge success and profitability will be examined, including strategies related to product, price, place, and promotion. Overall this report finds that Luxottica is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Analysts concur that "Global distribution and a large retail store base allow Luxottica to keep competitors at a disadvantage, as any new entrant would have to consider using some of Luxottica's retail network if it were to reach the scale needed to compete" (Swinand, 2014, p. 2). Hefty revenues give the company extensive leverage to produce competitively priced products, and to open well–placed retail locations which do more than simply compete with smaller companies or stores. As a result, competitors sometimes have no choice but to merge, as Oakley did early in the last decade. "...when competitors get too large, Luxottica can simply cut them out of their popular distribution channels" (Goodman, 2014, p. 2). In this way, Luxottica has utilized its growing size and revenues to maintain and expand its market ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Luxottica institutional structure Essay Organizational structure http://www.luxottica.com/en/about–us/company–structure http://www.luxottica.com/sites/luxottica.com/files /organizzazioneedipartimenti_eng.pdf ORGANIZATIONS AND DEPARTMENTS Investor Relations The Investor Relations department manages relationships with analysts and investors as well as with regulatory bodies that oversee the financial markets. Consequently, the department works closely with research analysts and fund managers to assist them in building models that support their stock recommendations and investment decisions. At the same time, the department also interfaces with the Group's top management for the purpose of sharing market insight and investor feedback. Business Development The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Information Technology Information Technology handles all Corporate IT activities and projects, especially the "Transformation" ones which have the aim to define new operating structures and IT platforms for the Group's various manufacturing and commercial processes. It is also responsible for the co–ordination and delivery of the Group–wide projects and Group contract negotiations. Retail divisions Luxottica Group's Retail divisions manage around 6,500 optical and sun stores in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, China, Europe and the Middle East. In North America, Luxottica Group controls the two biggest prescription eyewear chains – LensCrafters and Pearle Vision – and the most relevant chains in the sun segment – Sunglass Hut and Ilori. In South America Luxottica controls Multiopticas Internacional S.L. which manages over 470 eyewear stores operating under the Opticas GMO, Econopticas and Sun Planet retail brands in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. In Europe, Luxottica manages all the European location of the largest sun wear chain in the world: Sunglass Hut.
  • 21. Luxottica Retail Australiasia is the leading optical product business in Australia, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Luxottica Group S.P.a Luxottica Group S.p.A Competitive Strategy course project Term 2 7/16/2010 Group C 15 Jince Joy 61110096 Manas Lodhavia61110407 Piyush Nahar61110236 Saurav Atri61110185 Vikas Garikipati61110187 Contents 1. Executive Summary.........................................................3 2. Introduction....................................................................4 3. Strategic Issues analyzed..................................................8 a. Luxottica's position in the US market............................8 b. Gain of market share in the US and international markets...8 c. Strategies in the current economic scenario.....................15 4. List of Exhibits............................................................20 5. Bibliography................................................................21 1. Executive Summary The eyewear industry is both a medical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The acquisition of Scarrone S.p.A., which had marketed the Company's products since 1971 and which brought with it vital knowledge of the Italian market, was the first step towards the strategy of vertical integration. Along with consolidation in the local market, the company also sought international expansion with the acquisition of independent distributors, the opening of branches and the forming of joint–ventures in key international markets. With expertise in production capabilities the company expanded
  • 23. into new markets predominantly by acquiring distributors in the target market, thereby gaining valuable insights into the market's tastes and preferences. EYEWEAR: A NEW FRONTIER OF FASHION Throughout its history, Luxottica has invested in its products. The acquisition of La Meccanoptica Leonardo in 1981, the owner of the Sferoflex brand and an important flexible hinge patent, enabled the Company to enhance the image and quality of its products and increase its market share. Beginning in the late 1980s, eyeglasses, previously perceived as mere sight–correcting instruments, began to evolve into "eyewear." Continual aesthetic focus on everyday objects and interest on the part of fashion designers in the emerging accessories industry led Luxottica, in 1988, to embark on its first collaboration with the fashion industry, by entering into a licensing agreement with ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Leonardo Da Vinci : The Most Famous For His Art Carly Henry S. Martinez English IV – 1st hour 3/29/16 Leonardo Da Vinci When hearing the name Leonardo da Vinci, what comes to mind? For many people it will be his artwork. This is because of all of the accomplishments da Vinci has, he is most famous for his art. What many people don't know was that he was also a scientist, inventor, and philosopher. Da Vinci lived in a time period known as the Renaissance. This was a time of knowledge and enlightenment, and it gave birth to many of the world's most talented and educated people. Leonardo da Vinci was a very symbolic artist, but his knowledge and inventions are what led others to follow his lead, making him the main influence of the Renaissance period. Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian man born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci,Italy. He received very little formal education, but his artistic abilities were evident from a very young age. By the time Leonardo was fourteen, he had began an apprenticeship with Andrea del Verrocchio. This apprenticeship taught him many skills including: metalwork, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting, and sculpting. The earliest known work by da Vinci is a pen–and–ink drawing of the landscape in Arno Valley in 1473. By age twenty, Leonardo qualified for a membership as a master artist inFlorence 's Guild of Saint Luke, where he established his own workshop. In 1476 Leonardo da Vinci was charged, alongside of four other men, with sodomy. Although the charges were dropped, da Vinci's ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. The World's Largest Eyewear Company For the final project I have chosen the world 's largest eyewear company, Luxottica. After graduation, I potentially would like to work for Luxottica in their human resources department as a human resources coordinator. This project researches a plan into successfully negotiating my career track at Luxottica, it will examine contextual influences, the communicatory processes, negotiation expectations, and communicatory responses. Early negotiations in careers are vital, the outcome of early negotiations determine the long–term financial well–being, overall career path, and the way employers view you from the very start. Therefore, by analyzing negotiations within Luxottica it will enable me to better understand the negotiation context in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Literature Review The significance of early negotiations in careers is that it controls the outcome of a person's well–being at the company, the overall career path as well as the way other employers view the person from day one. In a study by Curhan, Elfenbein, & Kilduff (2009), focuses on the effects of job offer negotiations on employees' succeeding levels of satisfaction and intentions to remain at the company. Furthermore, the researchers compare the corresponding predictive strengths of two different types of negotiation particularly, employees' subjective evaluations of their job offer negotiations versus their financial outcomes achieved. The researchers "sampled MBA graduates who negotiated their full–time job offers and examined their subjective negotiation experience and tangible concessions as predictors of their job satisfaction, compensation satisfaction, and intention to remain within their organizations 1 year later" (p 525). The findings from this research study conclude that the subjective value incoming employees achieved during their first job negotiation significantly correlates with compensation satisfaction. Furthermore, early negotiation in careers is significant in determining the future level of success at the company. In addition, people value opinions on the people who they value so if the company values the person they will value the company. A study was done that determined that about half of new hired employees ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Biography of Michelangelo Essay Biography of Michelangelo The second of five brothers, Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, at Caprese, in Tuscany, to Ludovico di Leonardo di Buonarotto Simoni and Francesca Neri. The same day, his father noted down: "Today March 6, 1475, a child of the male sex has been born to me and I have named him Michelangelo. He was born on Monday between 4 and 5 in the morning, at Caprese, where I am the PodestГ ." Although born in the small village of Caprese, Michelangelo always considered himself a "son of Florence," as did his father, "a Citizen of Florence." His Childhood and Youth Buonarroti's mother, Francesca Neri, was too sick and frail to nurse Michelangelo, so he was placed with a wet nurse, in a family of stone cutters, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In Michelangelo's personal diary he recounts his first two works: "My first work was a small bas–relief, The Madonna of the Stairs. Mary, Mother of God, sits on the rock of the church. The child curls back into her body. She foresees his death, and his return on the stairway to heaven. "My second work, another small relief. My tutor read me the myth of the battle of the Lapiths against the Centaurs. The wild forces of Life, locked in heroic combat. "Already at 16, my mind was a battlefield: my love of pagan beauty, the male nude, at war with my religious faith. A polarity of themes and forms...one spiritual, the other earthly, I've kept these carvings on the walls of my studio to this very day." His patron Lorenzo died in 1492; two years later Michelangelo fled Florence, when the Medici were temporarily expelled. His Studies of Anatomy During the years he spent in the Garden of San Marco, Michelangelo began to study human anatomy. In exchange for permission to study corpses, the prior of the church of Santo Spirito, NiccolГІ Bichiellini, received a wooden Crucifix from Michelangelo. But his contact with the dead bodies caused problems with his health, obliging him to interrupt his activities periodically. The
  • 27. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. Corporate Sustainability Through The Presentation Of The... 1.INTRODUCTION This paper aims to analyze corporate sustainability through the presentation of the "Luxottica" case and the project "Zero Waste", which the company started in order to reduce the environmental impact caused by its activities.
I chose this example in order to make clearer the opportunities that sustainability can offer to companies under the competitive and strategic profile, in particular also focusing on how a good system of communication is fundamental in this process. The importance of this issue comes from the growing concern of society and firms about the excessive exploitation of natural resources and the consequent depletion of the same. The insanely fast economic development during the last decades led to a growth in welfare and wealth, but it has been merely based on the logic of obtaining the maximum profit, forgetting at the same time about the correct use of natural resources. The need to link the economical development with a greater concern about our planet gave birth to a new concept of sustainable development, which identifies a progress compatible with the preservation of the environment and resources for the future generations. Initiatives have so been launched not only by national and international institutions, but also from the firms in first place, which significantly contributed in the fight against the current state of degradation. All of this conducted to the birth of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a new ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. David Persuasive Speech Many years ago during biblical times the Philistine lined up to fight Israel. A man standing over nine feet tall dressed in full armor came out of his camp every day to find a challenger. For forty days there was no one willing to challenge Goliath until David volunteered. David was a young teenager who wasn't even a part of the war, but was delivering stuff to his brothers, so it took some convincing to the king to let him be the challenger. In 1 Samuel 17 more of the story is told. "45 David said to the Philistine, "You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. 46 This day the LORD will deliver you into my hands, and I'll ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Placed at his right leg there is a tree trunk. In the book that is used in the art history class 121 on page 288 it states that "the tree trunk supporting the David is a reminder of the Ancient Roman copies of Greek statuary and evokes the classical past". One thing that stands out about Michelangelo's sculpture compared to someone's like Donatello's is how masculine the statue is, and the moment that the statue was presented to be at. The statue is in a pose that is represented to be right before the moment of the battle. The statue of David is looking over his left shoulder with a very intense stare look in his eyes. He is starting to prepare for what could be the biggest moment of his life, life or death is looking at him in the face. The very intense look in his face is not presented throughout his body, and this is symbolizing that he is not physically focused, but mentally. David knew that without God on his side he could not take this man on, he was bigger and stronger. He needed to have all the faith in the world to trust that God would deliver Goliath into his ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30. Papers On Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo da vinci was born on April 15th the year of 1452, he was born in vinci, italy. In a farmhouse beside the undulating hill of Tuscany outside the village of Anchiano in present day Italy. He was the illegitimate son of ser piero da vinci and a local woman caterina. Some documents showed that he lived with his mother until he was five then he moved in with his father in the beginning of 1457. His father married four times, although his first three marriages were not quite successful. One of Leonardo's famous quotes is: "Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is painting that is felt rather than seen." When he was around the age of fourteen he began a lengthy apprenticeship with the noted artist Andrea Del Verrocchio inflorence. He learned a wide breadth of technical skills including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting and sculpting. His earliest known dated work was a pen and ink drawing of a landscape in the Arno valley it was sketched in 1473. At ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The famous painting "Mona Lisa" in 1503–1504 and the "Horse and Rider" in 1508. These two paintings and one sculpture are very commonly talked about in the art world. They are very wonderful painting, with many details and colors. Leonardo da Vinci was a very talented and interesting man. He did many things in his life, and even drew the first helicopter (aerial screw) even though it wasn't invented until the late 1940s. He was very smart and very curious about everything. He helped us learn more things and built things we need today. For example, he built a lot of war machines, architect/innovations, water and land machines, flying machines and many more. I think he is one of the reason why we are so advanced in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. The College Degree: Just Another Pyramid Scheme Essay College is an institution of higher learning, providing general or liberal arts education rather than technical or professional training; and for years, has been determined to be the best investment. Popular opinion denotes attending college to be paramount to social and economic accomplishments, and lacking a college degree decreases employment, self–pride, and success. However, nothing in America's history has risen and continues to rise as the cost of college tuition, which is now up more than five hundred (500) percent since 1985 (Rampell). Research shows the rising cost of tuition creates more debt for students, a college degree does not guarantee social or economic success, and causes additional stress, which can lead to suicide. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Your net price is a college's total cost minus grants and scholarshipsyou receive. It's a discount of your college costs that you do not have topay back. For example, the average published price of tuition and fees at afour–year public college is $8,660, but the average net price – what theaverage family really pays – is just $2,910. Although grants, scholarships and financial aid are available not every student receives them. Therefore those who do not are left no other choice but to take out loans to compensate their college cost. There are many types of student loans federal, private, institutional and state loans. While federal student loans have standard interest rates set by the federal government, private, institutional and state loan terms can vary greatly. Students using a Sallie Mae private student loan should expect their loan to triple as their interest rates range from 3.25%–12.88%. A recent U.S. News article tells the effect of loans on students: Average student loan debt grew by more than 10 percent between 2011and 2012, according to new data...by ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Renaissance Italian Art : Art And Art Of The Renaissance Renaissance Italian Artists The Renaissance occurred in Europe between 1400 and 1600. This event began in Italy during the Medieval period and then expanded to the rest of Europe, marking the start of the Modern age. The Renaissance began in Florence Italy in the 14th century. It was a cultural movement that had an enormous impact in Europe during the early modern period. The Renaissance's influenced politics, science, literature, art, philosophy, religion, music, and other aspects. Around the 13th century inItaly started the Renaissance's art influence. Leonardo da Vinci, was known as the "Renaissance man," because of his art masterpieces and his studies in other fields during this time. Italy wasn't a political concept in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... After Michelangelo moved to Rome, one of the cardinals within the catholic church commissioned him to create a sculpture called ''La Pieta.'' ''La Pieta'' was sculpted from a single piece of marble stone and it was a representation of Christ and his mother Mary. This 6 foot by 6 foot sculpture only took 1 year for Michelangelo to complete it. The sculpture quickly became known for all the details that included the folding of the cloths, the ribs, and the bones which are incredibly difficult to sculpt. After returning to Rome, Michelangelo heard about a sculpture that two other artists could not complete because of its difficulty. Because of his success with ''La Pieta,'' Michelangelo decides to take over the job. He created ''David'' in 1501 and four years later the sculpture was placed outside the Palazzo Vecchio inFlorence. Michelangelo's intention was to portray ''David''as the perfect and ideal man. Michelangelo took three years to sculpt this 17 feet sculpture, and ''David'' quickly became the pride of Florence. When Pope Julius II heard about the artist's accomplishments, he commissioned Michelangelo to create his tomb. However, Pope Julius turns his focus in funding to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica. Rome was overpassing a difficult time, and the Pope wanted to return it to its powerful roots. Michelangelo unhappy about the Pope not paying back for the stone, returned to Florence. Yet, the Pope ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Da Vinci Da Vinci – Battles and Brushstrokes, The Story Of His Lost Masterpiece Leonardo Da Vinci, the famed Florentine polymath is revered around the world for his ingenuity, creativity, and adaptability, but even with a huge body of renowned and legacy inducing work, this Renaissance man still has hidden depths that ought be shared with a wider audience. Da Vinci was a man immersed in several battles of varying complexity, both internal and externally in his Italian home. Many of Leonardos creations were formulated with battles and more specifically war in mind, the obvious being the many war machines he designed (some of which he was rumoured to have actually created), but conflict was rife in 16th century Florence, and this eked its way into Da ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This rivalry between two creative powerhouses did not begin with the commissioning that would soon be bestowed upon them by Soderini, rather it began when da Vinci returned to Florence two years after his younger counterpart. Da Vinci did not like the level of fame reached by this young star (who was at the time working on the piece that would grant him immortality – the statue of David) and he expected to be treated with the level of respect someone of his stature should demand. However, instead of this Leonardo with greeted with animosity as Michelangelo paid no heed to Leonardo's preferred artistic output of paintings, instead he saw sculpture as the pinnacle of art and creation, claiming that it was easy to correct an error on canvas, but fixing a mistake in sculpture was nigh on impossible so the greatest artists must therefore create sculptures. This was something that da Vinci wholeheartedly disagreed with. It was therefore difficult for Soderini to find the perfect conditions to convince both men to accept his challenge, but through a combination of money and the chance to crush their rivals, both hesitantly accepted. The hesitation on both behalf 's came as a result of the nature of the commission itself, namely that it was a fresco painting that was required. Leonardo disliked fresco painting due to the perceived rush needed to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Advantages Of Luxottica 1.Corporate Strategy: Luxottica Group are the world's largest eyewear company, based in Milan, Italy. Their long–term corporate strategy is to create the best possible eyewear to satisfy its clients, and expand their market share by growing its various businesses, whether organically or through acquisitions1. The Company will continue to focus on the following strategic pillars: vertical integration, design and technological innovation, brand portfolio management, market expansion, financial discipline and the development of talented and committed employees1. Building strong brands that create enduring relationships with consumers is key to how Luxottica plans to sustain its business in the future. 2.The Scope Of the Firm It's clear that Luxottica prides itself on being a fully vertically integrated giant, which gives itself a distinct competitive advantage over its rivals as it has complete control over the entire value chain. There are many make or buy fallacies studied with regards to vertical integration, therefor one may be sceptical towards the idea of full vertical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... From my studies on Porter (1996) I believe this business model enables Luxottica to operate on a third order level of fit, as every activity performed in the company's production process reinforces the next one, and as well as reinforcing each other each activity also reinforces the company's strategy of producing the best eye wear possible5. For example the company has a centralized manufacturing platform that provides daily monitoring of global sales performance and inventory levels to meet local market demand, which helps reinforce the efficiency its high quality wholesale and retail distribution systems. A large portion of Luxottica Groups competitive advantage grows out of the tight fit of its entire system of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Leonardo Da Vinci Influence On Art Now in order to find out the influence of renaissance arts to the later western art and society, I am going to talk about the the art works of Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo spent about twenty years (1480–1499) in the service of Lodovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan. His output during this period included two of his best known paintings: The Virgin of the Rocks and The Last Supper. About 1495, Ludovico commissioned da Vinci to paint "The Last Supper" on the back wall of the dining hall inside the monastery of Milan's Santa Maria delle Grazie. The masterpiece, which took approximately three years to complete, captures the drama of the moment when Jesus informs the Twelve Apostles gathered for Passover dinner that one of them would soon betray him. The range of facial expressions and the body language of the figures around the table bring the masterful composition to life. The pigments of the painting "The Last Supper" were invented by himself. He used a mixture which contain tempera and oil instant of the pigments which were widely used in painting the fresco in the Middle Age. Because this pigment was a mixture of organic matter, like eggs and milk, and Leonardo Da Vinci painted it very thin, which resulted in the "last supper" starting seriously peeling off due to moisture after 50 years. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Scenography means that "the art of portraying objects or scenes in perspective". Leonardo da Vinci converged the all perspective line of mat, floor and ceiling to the head of the Christ, which was the center of the picture and made the picture feel more harmonious and symmetrical. Leonardo da Vinci drew the Christ in the center of the picture, which was also the optical center. He also used the light of the windows which were behind the Christ to make the Christ become more noticeable and let people's vision concentrate on the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. How Did Leonardo Da Vinci Influence His Life? Leonardo Da Vinci is one of the most famous names in history. He was a painter, a sculptor, mathematician, musician, architect, engineer, anatomist, inventor, cartographer, botanist, geologist, and philosopher. He is considered to be one of the most diversely talented people ever to have lived. Every field of academia that sparked his interest, he would want to become an expert in. The journals he kept throughout his life give us a glimpse into what he was thinking and what he wanted to know. He lived almost six hundred years ago and yet still has an influence on us today. With great feats in science and painting, he was the man that wanted to know everything. "The date of Leonardo's birth is not known with any certainty. His age is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It was there that Leonardo spent many hours continuing his pursuit for knowledge. He made amazing discoveries in his workshop in Milan, where he focused more on his scientific studies than his painting. He was one of the first people to discover how our eyes actually work. Many people at the time believed the idea that our eyes produced light to illuminate what was in front of us. Leonardo discovered it was the other way around that light goes through the eye and informs the brain. To make this discovery he had to invent a way of dissecting the eye without it's content spilling out everywhere. To do this he would place the eye in egg whites and boil them both until they were solid. He could then slice both with ease. Leonardo also discovered that light reflecting from tiny particles in the atmosphere is why the sky is blue (Anspinall, Dunn, 2003). He also designed bridges that would be self–supporting. Unfortunately his bridge design was never built during his life, but there is now a bridge in Norway that drew inspiration from his design. It was built in 2001 and is supported by three arches. When the bridge was unveiled many people came to see the great ingenuity of Leonardo. Leonardo had a lot of free time working for the duke and so was able to observe mountains, valleys, and rivers. From his notes it is clear he had an understanding of sedimentation and rock formation. He was fascinated with mountains and the fossils that formed in them. It was also during this time in Milan that Leonardo was commissioned to paint one of his more famous pieces of art. In 1495 He would begin work in Santa Maria delle Grazie monastery painting The Last Supper. Although many other artists had painted the scene of the Last Supper, what made Leonardo's stand out was that he decided to paint the reaction of the disciples after Christ says "one of your will betray me. " "Instantly the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper It is difficult to determine who truly captured the spirit of the Renaissance due to the wide range of characteristics that defined the time period. These characteristics ranged from science and art to religion and philosophy. The Renaissance was the collaboration of many historical figures who contributed to scientific, artistic, political, religious and architectural advancements. Crediting one historical figure for capturing the spirit of the renaissance required a lot of speculation and analysis, but it was Leonardo Da Vinci who ultimately possessed the traits that generally defined the Renaissance. The Renaissance consisted of and created many thinkers and doers. It was the new ideas for inventions along with the development of new perspectives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In addition to his anatomical investigations, da Vinci studied botany, geology, zoology, hydraulics, aeronautics and physics. He sketched his observations on loose sheets of papers and pads that he tucked inside his belt. He placed the papers in notebooks and arranged them around four broad themes–painting, architecture, mechanics and human anatomy. He filled dozens of notebooks with finely drawn illustrations and scientific observations. His ideas were mainly theoretical explanations, laid out in exacting detail, but they were rarely experimental. Leonardo's approach to science was an observational one: he tried to understand a phenomenon by describing and depicting it in utmost detail and did not emphasize experiments or theoretical explanation. Since he lacked formal education in Latin and mathematics, contemporary scholars mostly ignored Leonardo the scientist, although he did teach himself Latin. In the 1490s he studied mathematics under Luca Pacioli. Renaissance humanism recognized no mutually exclusive polarities between the sciences and the arts, and Leonardo's studies in science and engineering are as impressive and innovative as his artistic work. he made continual observations of the world around ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Donatello's Donato Di Niccolo Di Betto Bardi The story of David and Goliath is a well–known story from Old Testament that provides imagery of bravery and intellect overcoming brute force. The story goes that Jerusalem was being threatened by an enemy army led by a giant, Goliath. To settle the war without mass death, Goliath challenges one soldier to a one–on–one combat. Not one person would accept this challenge other than a young shepherd boy named David. Armed only with stones and a sling, David defeated the larger and stronger Goliath, after which he cut off Goliath's head and delivering it to the King. David's heroism saved the city from a terrible battle, thereby protecting the people's civic and religious rights. From the days of the early Renaissance through the high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The marble statue shows and older, more solider type fully clothed David and is in a more Gothic than Classical style. This David was supposed to go in the Cathedral on one of the buttresses. However, it was removed when other statues got too big and it was deemed too small for the Cathedral . After the end of the Medici rule in 1494, the city government acquired the statue to place in city hall. [With an inscription on the strap this David is holding – if you are patriotic, God will help you overcome your enemies – it became of symbol of Florence.] Verrocchio Compared to the classical style of Donatello 40 years earlier, the bronze statue David by Andrea del Verrocchio is in a more humanist style, with a more delicate linear quality. Popular legend holds that Leonardo da Vinci, then a young artist in Verrocchio's studio, served as a model for the sculpture. More like Donatello's David that than the more humble David of Michelangelo, Verrocchio's David has a brash quality. However, while young, Verrocchio's David is several years older than Donatello's David. He also not nude but is dressed in a jerkin and skirt. These qualities makes him appear less vulnerable. Further, while this David still has a somewhat detached quality, his stance is more self–assured and aggressive than that of Donatello's ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the most famous artists during the Italian Renaissance, most known for his painting, the Mona Lisa (1517). However, other than being an artist he was also a sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and draftsman. He also studied the laws of both science and nature, which influenced his artwork ("Leonardo Da Vinci"). Today, Da Vinci is one of the most known artists, and influences and inspires many people. To begin, Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, in a farmhouse located in Tuscany,Italy. His parents were Florentine notary Ser Piero and a young peasant woman named Caterina. Young Da Vinci was raised by his father and various step mothers, and also lived with his uncle and grandparents, after moving to his father's family estate at age five. He received a basic education of just reading, writing and mathematics. However, from a young age he always showed artistic talents ("Leonardo Da Vinci"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It was made under the influence of the artist Andrea del Verrocchi. Da Vinci was taught a variety of new skills from Verrocchi at age 14, in the city of Florence. Verrocchi taught him skills such as metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting and sculpting. From the age of 20 to 25, Da Vinci continued to collaborate with Verrocchi even thought at age 20, he was qualified to have his own workshop, and be a master artist at Florence's Guild of Saint Luke. After leaving Verrocchi's studio however, he was given one of his firsts projects in 1479, an altarpiece in a chapel inside Florence's Palazzo Vecchio. In 1481 he was asked to paint "Adoration of the Magi" by the monks of Florence's San Donato a Scopeto. However Da Vinci never completed these projects because left the city ("Leonardo Da ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40. Leonardo Da Vinci : The Renaissance Man Italy is home to some of the world's most prestigious and successful men. One man in particular paved the way for others to follow. He is none other than Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci was not only a painter, but also a sculptor, architect, engineer, musician, inventor and scientist. There are not many that were gifted in multiple aspects like him. His actions alone coined him the name "The Renaissance Man." On April 15, 1452, Leonardo da Vinci was born out of wedlock in a farmhouse on the outside the village of Anchiano. He was the son of a Florentine notary named Ser Piero and a young peasant girl by the name of Caterina. When da Vinci turned 5, he moved to his father 's family estate in Vinci, which is where his surname derives. Leonardo lived with his uncle and grandparents. Leonardo did not receive a formal education. He learned the basics such as reading, writing, and mathematics. Despite those circumstances, his artistic abilities were noticed at a young age. Close to the age of 14, he started an apprenticeship with Andrea Del Verrocchio. An apprenticeship is simply put as working for someone in order to better understand what they do. While working for del Verrocchio in Florence, da Vinci learned a vast amount of skills like metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting and sculpting. Following da Vinci 's depart from Verrocchio 's studio; he received his first independent job. In 1478, he was asked to do an altarpiece to reside in a chapel inside ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...