Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. He was born out of wedlock in Vinci, Italy in 1452 and received his early training in Florence. Some of his most famous works include The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa. He had many influential teachers and collaborators and is considered one of the greatest artists of all time due to his mastery of techniques like sfumato and chiaroscuro. In addition to his artistic works, Leonardo made many scientific observations and inventions throughout his life that were ahead of his time.