Microbiology Presentation (Basics)

1. JSS UID: JS201324
Microbiology Seminar

2. ➢ INTRODUCTION
✓ Microbes in Household Products
✓ Microbes in Industrial Products
o Antibiotics
o Chemicals, Enzymes & Bio-active molecules
o Vaccination
➢ CONCLUSION

3. Protozoa, Bacteria
& Fungi.

4. Applications of
Microorganisms
Microbes are diverse, spread all
across the Biosphere. Though, some
of them are Pathogenic i.e. Disease
causing including Viruses & Prions
(Proteinaceous infectious agents).
However, most of the Bacteria &
Fungi are cultured and manifested in
such a manner so that, they can
contribute significantly to the
“Human Welfare.”

5. Lactobacillus,
along with some
other bacteria,
also known as
Lactic Acid
Bacteria (LAB)
grow in milk &
convert it into
Curd.
Lactobacillus
Dough of some
cuisines like
Dosa & Idli is
fermented using
Baker’s Yeast i.e.
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Different texture,
flavor or taste of a
particular cheese
is acquired by the
characteristic
microbes used in
their fermentation.
Cheese Fermentation

6. 1st Antibiotic
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming
Worked on
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus was not able
to grow in the presence of
Penicillium notatum
Alexander Fleming
(1881-1955)

7. o Bio-active molecules are the molecules which are produced as a result of
microbial activities.
o They can be in the form of enzymes, chemical compounds & organic
acids as well.
• Cyclosporin – A → Immunosuppressive agent.
• Used for Organ – transplant patients.
Trichoderma polysporum
• Statins → Cholesterol – lowering agents.
Monascus purpureus

9. ▪ Chemicals & Enzymes
Organic Acids
• Citric acid – Aspergillus niger
• Acetic acid – Acetobacter aceti
• Butyric acid – Clostridium butyricum
• Lactic acid – Lactobacillus
Enzymes
• Streptokinase (Streptococcus) – Clot
buster
• Lipases
• Pectinases
• Proteases

10. • A vaccination is a biological preparation that provides active
acquired immunity towards a particular disease.
• A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease –
causing microorganism and is often made from the
weakened/killed form of the microbe, its toxins or one of its
surface protein.
• Vaccines are “antigenic”, not “pathogenic.”
Edward
Jenner
(1749
–
1823)

11. ▪
Types
of
Vaccines
Nucleic Acid
Vaccines
RNA
Vaccines
DNA
Vaccines
Viral Vectored
Vaccines
Replicating
Non –
Replicating
Subunit
Vaccines
Toxoid
Vaccines
Recombinant
Protein
Vaccines
OMV
Vaccines
Conjugate
Vaccines
Virus Like
Particles
(VLPs)
Whole
pathogen
vaccines
Live –
attenuated
vaccines
Inactivated
(Killed)
Vaccines

12. Pfizer –
BioNTech (USA)
Moderna (USA)
Sputnik – V
(Russia)
Covaxin – Bharat
Biotech (India)
Oxford –
AstraZeneca (UK) ZyCov-D (India)
✓ Current Vaccine Pipeline

13. • Most of the microbes live with a harmonious
existence with human cells, but disease and
infection can be caused when this balance is
disrupted or when the immune system of
body is weakened. Microbes can transfer
genetic information between one another and
this is one such means by which antibiotic
resistance can spread all across the microbial
population.
• Also, some of the beneficial microbes have an
important role to play in the breakdown of
biological waste in sewage treatment plants.