Microbes in Human Welfare
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This document discusses the role of microbes in various household, industrial, and medical applications. It begins by introducing microbes commonly found in household and industrial products, including those used in food fermentation and production of antibiotics, chemicals, enzymes, and bioactive molecules. It then discusses the role of microbes in vaccine development and provides examples of various types of vaccines. Finally, it concludes that most microbes live harmoniously with humans but disease can occur when the balance is disrupted, and that microbes are important for breaking down biological waste.
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Prof nkg probiotics & vaccines yakult symposium 2015(ssg)
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- The proposed mechanisms include probiotics activating immune cells and cytokines, strengthening mucosal barriers, and acting as adjuvants. Certain probiotic strains have also been investigated as live oral vaccine vectors against diseases like HIV, malaria, and trichomoniasis.
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- The proposed mechanisms include probiotics activating immune cells and cytokines, strengthening mucosal barriers, and acting as adjuvants. Certain probiotic strains have also been investigated as live oral vaccine vectors against diseases like HIV, malaria, and trichomoniasis.
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The document discusses different types of vaccines including:
1. Killed/inactivated vaccines which use killed pathogens.
2. Live attenuated vaccines which use weakened live pathogens.
3. Subunit vaccines which use antigenic subunits of pathogens.
4. Peptide vaccines which are synthesized peptides or recombinantly produced.
5. Toxoid vaccines which use inactivated bacterial toxins.
6. Conjugate vaccines which combine weak polysaccharide antigens with strong protein carriers.
7. Recombinant vector vaccines which use attenuated viruses to deliver genetic material.
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in this presentation we will explain the following contents
Introduction to Acquired immunity
Naturally Acquired Immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
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Artificially acquired passive immunity
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This document discusses probiotics and their mechanisms against pathogens. It defines probiotics as live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. Common probiotic bacteria include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that feed probiotic bacteria. Probiotics can inhibit pathogens by competing for adhesion sites, producing antimicrobial substances, and strengthening the gut barrier. They may help treat various gastrointestinal disorders and conditions like IBS, diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel disease. Probiotics modulate the microbiota and immune system to promote gut and overall health.
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Microbes come in two main types - prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes like bacteria have no nucleus and reproduce quickly through binary fission. Eukaryotes like yeast are single-celled fungi used for producing antibiotics and in biotechnology. Microbes and their enzymes are useful as tools in cloning, protein expression, and reporting systems. Microorganisms are also used to produce foods and therapeutics through fermentation, and to develop vaccines, diagnostics, and countermeasures against bioweapons.
Role of microbiology in pharmaceutical and food industry
This is all about how microbes has both positive and negative effects on our food industry and in pharmaceutical products . The essentiality of microbes.
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This document discusses probiotics and prebiotics. It begins with a brief history of probiotics, noting their discovery in 1907 by Russian scientist Metchnikoff, who observed that certain Bulgarian residents lived longer lives. It describes that the 20th century was characterized by antibiotics while the 21st century focuses more on probiotics. The document defines prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. It discusses the roles of good and bad bacteria and the war between them. It provides examples of probiotic foods and strains and their health benefits. Finally, it discusses the importance of prebiotics in supporting beneficial gut bacteria.
Probiotics
Creative Enzymes produces high-quality probiotics through advanced production methods. They culture probiotic strains from traditional foods, scientific research, and independently developed patented strains. Their probiotics are freeze-dried using a four-layer coating and high-efficiency freeze-drying to ensure the highest stability and activity. The probiotics are resistant to various stresses and produced in hundreds of billions per powder. Creative Enzymes applies their probiotics to foods, beverages, supplements and develops formulations for intestinal health applications. They offer end-to-end support including formulation, production, testing and custom packaging.
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Probiotcs ppt (1)
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This document compares active and passive immunity. Active immunity involves injecting antigens to stimulate the body to produce its own long-lasting antibodies, but has a slower onset of action. Passive immunity involves injecting readymade antibodies for a shorter-term but quicker acting therapeutic effect. Both confer immunity but through different mechanisms and timescales.
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Active immunity is gained when an antigen enters the body during an infection or through vaccination. Passive immunity is gained without an immune response, either artificially from antibodies in another person's blood or naturally from mother to child. Vaccines work by introducing antigens to provoke an immune response and prepare the body to fight future infection, though there are challenges like poor response in some individuals, antigenic variation in viruses, and antigens not being readily recognized.
The Beginners Guide to Probiotics
This is the most comprehensive introduction to Probiotics, little creatures that have been called by some experts as "internal doctors". What they do for your health is mind-boggling, no matter if you are aware of their existence or not. But as much as the "good" bacteria immensely help your health there are also "bad" microbes that are very harmful to you.
There is plenty of information about probiotics. From articles to scientific studies. But who wants to spend hours and hours to finally get confused. That's what many people feel after reading all those publications. Not everyone is a microbiologist to understand the terms so that he/she can connect the dots.
Therefore, we felt that there was something missing — a guide that really starts at the beginning to equip people with a healthy balance of basic knowledge and "actionable" strategies that can be implemented right away. The Beginners Guide to Probiotics gives you exactly that.
Probiotics in Fish Immunity (Sulove Koirala)
Probiotics in Fish Immunity discusses the use of probiotics in aquaculture and their effects on fish immunity. Probiotics help improve feed efficiency and weight gain in fish, protect against pathogens, and modulate immune responses. They act through competitive exclusion, providing nutrients, and enhancing local and systemic immunity like phagocytic activity, lysozyme levels, and cytokine production. Effective doses vary by host and immune parameter measured but are generally 106-1010 CFU/g feed. Benefits are often seen within 1-10 weeks of feeding. Probiotics are administered through feed, baths, or bioencapsulation and have been shown to improve immunity and disease resistance in many fish species.
Bacteriocins and there health benefits sumit
Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by bacteria and archaea to inhibit closely related bacterial strains. They have a narrow inhibitory spectrum against similar species. Bacteriocins are given names based on their bacterial origin, such as colicin from E. coli. They act by forming pores that destroy the energy potential of sensitive cells. Bacteriocins have applications in food preservation and human health by killing pathogenic bacteria. They have shown promise as cancer diagnostic agents and AIDS drugs, though more research is still needed for their therapeutic use.
Vivek kumar student of kerala university of fishery and ocean studies
A vaccine is a mixture that helps stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies against a specific disease. It contains a weakened or killed form of the pathogen that causes the disease. Standard vaccine production uses bacterial or viral antigens from the pathogen. Live attenuated vaccines contain living but weakened pathogens, while inactivated or killed vaccines use pathogens killed through heat or chemicals. Modern vaccines are also produced through genetic techniques using a single viral gene expressed in a host cell to produce an antigen. The antigen is then purified and combined with an adjuvant to create an effective and safe vaccine.
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This document summarizes Prof. Roshan Perera's presentation on emerging biotechnologies for developing antibodies, vaccines, and biosimilar products. It discusses active and passive immunity, types of vaccines and adjuvants, challenges in modern vaccinology. It also outlines a study showing that immunizing mice with a protein containing p-nitrophenylalanine generates neutralizing antibodies against wild-type TNF, protecting mice from LPS-induced lethality. This demonstrates a method for overcoming immune tolerance by incorporating unnatural amino acids. The presentation argues for establishing GMP facilities in Sri Lanka to produce monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and conduct clinical trials to develop affordable treatments.
Bacteriocins - An alternative to antibiotics
- Bacteriocins are protein or peptide toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit similar or closely related bacterial strains. They are a potential alternative to antibiotics due to their narrow spectrum of activity, lack of toxicity, and ability to avoid development of resistance. The document discusses various classes and modes of action of bacteriocins, as well as their production, detection, and applications in food preservation, livestock, aquaculture, and medicine. Overcoming challenges like instability requires approaches like hurdle technology, antimicrobial packaging films, and microencapsulation.
Prevention Of Coccidia In Poultry
This document discusses prevention of coccidia in poultry. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, which include the coccidia life cycle, anticoccidial drugs and their use, classification of anticoccidial drugs, resistance to anticoccidials, and overcoming resistance. It then provides details on the coccidia life cycle, anticoccidial use for prophylaxis, common anticoccidial drugs and their mechanisms of action, classification of drugs into ionophores and chemicals, examples of specific drugs, and issues of resistance. The document focuses on anticoccidial drugs used in poultry production to control coccidiosis.
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Phagocytosis is the process by which phagocytes engulf and digest bacteria and foreign material. Phagocytes attach to bacteria via receptors, engulf them into a vacuole called a phagosome, and use lysosomal enzymes to digest the bacteria. Antibodies are protective proteins produced by the immune system when harmful substances are detected. Each antibody protects against a specific antigen by binding to and removing it from the body. Vaccination exposes patients to a modified version of a pathogen to stimulate immunity without causing disease, allowing the body to quickly recognize and destroy the actual pathogen if exposed.
Probiotics bhushan
Probiotics and prebiotics are live microorganisms and non-digestible foods that provide health benefits when consumed. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help establish and maintain a healthy gut microbiome, while prebiotics are non-digestible foods that act as fertilizers to encourage the growth of good bacteria. The document discusses the differences between probiotics and prebiotics, examples of each, their mechanisms of action in the body, ideal properties of probiotic strains, and their applications and benefits in aquaculture.
Vaccine preparation part 2
The document discusses different types of vaccines including:
1. Killed/inactivated vaccines which use killed pathogens.
2. Live attenuated vaccines which use weakened live pathogens.
3. Subunit vaccines which use antigenic subunits of pathogens.
4. Peptide vaccines which are synthesized peptides or recombinantly produced.
5. Toxoid vaccines which use inactivated bacterial toxins.
6. Conjugate vaccines which combine weak polysaccharide antigens with strong protein carriers.
7. Recombinant vector vaccines which use attenuated viruses to deliver genetic material.
8. Anti-idiotypic vaccines which mimic pathogen epitopes to induce an immune response.
Types of specific (adaptive) immunity
in this presentation we will explain the following contents
Introduction to Acquired immunity
Naturally Acquired Immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially Acquired Immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Probiotics and its mechanism
This document discusses probiotics and their mechanisms against pathogens. It defines probiotics as live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. Common probiotic bacteria include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that feed probiotic bacteria. Probiotics can inhibit pathogens by competing for adhesion sites, producing antimicrobial substances, and strengthening the gut barrier. They may help treat various gastrointestinal disorders and conditions like IBS, diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel disease. Probiotics modulate the microbiota and immune system to promote gut and overall health.
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Similar to Microbes in Human Welfare
Lactic Acid Bacteria
This document discusses lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their potential use as vaccines. It outlines that LAB naturally colonize mucosal membranes and could serve as ideal mucosal vaccine delivery vehicles. Examples are given of LAB like Lactococcus lactis being genetically engineered to express antigens from pathogens like Brucella abortis and Helicobacter pylori. The benefits of LAB vaccines are their safety, ability to survive the stomach, and lack of endotoxicity. Future work aims to develop multi-valent LAB vaccine vectors in clinical trials with biological containment to ensure environmental safety.
microbial tech.ppt
Microbes come in two main types - prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes like bacteria have no nucleus and reproduce quickly through binary fission. Eukaryotes like yeast are single-celled fungi used for producing antibiotics and in biotechnology. Microbes and their enzymes are useful as tools in cloning, protein expression, and reporting systems. Microorganisms are also used to produce foods and therapeutics through fermentation, and to develop vaccines, diagnostics, and countermeasures against bioweapons.
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This is all about how microbes has both positive and negative effects on our food industry and in pharmaceutical products . The essentiality of microbes.
vaccination in fish
The document discusses fish vaccination, including its importance for sustainable aquaculture, types of vaccines, and mechanisms of action. Vaccination provides an alternative to antibiotics for combating bacterial and viral diseases. Major types include whole organism vaccines using killed or attenuated pathogens, as well as purified subunit and recombinant vaccines. Development of new fish vaccines takes 5-8 years and involves disease characterization, laboratory testing, field trials, and licensing. Current commercially available vaccines protect against diseases such as furunculosis, vibriosis, and spring viraemia of carp.
Useful microbes
This document summarizes the various uses of microorganisms. It discusses how microorganisms are used commercially in industries like dairy, beverages, baking, and processing. It also discusses their medicinal uses in producing antibiotics and vaccines. Microorganisms are used agriculturally for nitrogen fixation and in environmental applications like sewage treatment and oil spill cleanup. The document also covers how some microorganisms can cause diseases in humans, animals and plants by acting as pathogens or through transmission by carriers. Food spoilage and various food preservation methods using microorganisms are also summarized.
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This document discusses probiotics and fermented foods. It defines probiotics as live microorganisms that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. Probiotics must be able to survive passage through the digestive system, attach to intestinal cells, and exert beneficial health effects. Fermented foods are produced through the metabolic process of microbes like bacteria and yeast, through processes like lactic acid fermentation. Fermented foods can provide health benefits like improved nutrient absorption and promotion of a healthy gut microbiome. Examples of fermented foods mentioned include yogurt, sauerkraut, and kefir.
immuned system s in humans beings
This document summarizes the key aspects of immunity and defense mechanisms in the human body. It describes innate immunity as comprising of non-specific barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular factors like phagocytes and humoral factors like complement proteins. Adaptive immunity is acquired through active means like vaccination or natural infection, or passively through maternal antibody transfer. The mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity work together to protect the host from pathogenic microorganisms and substances.
Immunology-2-innate-immunity-acquired-immunity.pdf
This document summarizes the key aspects of immunity and defense mechanisms in the human body. It describes innate immunity as comprising of non-specific barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular defenses like phagocytes and humoral factors like complement proteins. Adaptive immunity is acquired through active means like vaccination or infection, or passively through maternal antibody transfer. The mechanisms of innate immunity provide immediate protection while adaptive immunity develops over time but has immunological memory.
Vaccines production
Vaccines are produced on a large scale to effectively immunize large populations. This process involves selecting a proper virus or bacteria strain, growing the microorganism, purifying and isolating the antigen, inactivating the microorganism so it cannot cause disease but still provokes an immune response, and formulating the vaccine by adding stabilizers, preservatives and suspending fluids before quality control testing. Common inactivation methods include using solvents/detergents to disrupt viral envelopes, heat (pasteurization) to denature the pathogen, acidic pH treatment, or UV light to damage genetic material and prevent replication.
Prebiotics and probiotics
This document provides an overview of probiotics and prebiotics. It discusses the history of probiotics beginning with Elie Metchnikoff's conceptualization in the early 20th century. Examples of commonly used probiotic bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are provided. The mechanisms of action of probiotics and examples of prebiotics like inulin and fructooligosaccharides are summarized. Finally, clinical applications of probiotics and prebiotics in managing conditions like antibiotic-associated diarrhea, lactose intolerance, and hypercholesterolemia are briefly described.
VACCINES
- The document summarizes the history and development of vaccines from early variolation techniques to modern vaccines. It discusses the different types of vaccines including attenuated, inactivated, recombinant subunit, toxoid, and conjugate vaccines. It provides examples of each vaccine type and describes how vaccines work to produce immunity through initiating an immune response to antigens without causing disease. The summary concludes by emphasizing the importance of vaccination for protection against disease.
Types of Immunity
This document discusses different types of immunity, including innate immunity which provides the first line of defense, and acquired immunity which is adaptive and can be active or passive. Active immunity can be natural, resulting from infection, or artificial through vaccination. Passive immunity transfers ready-made antibodies either naturally from mother to child or artificially through administration of antisera. Local and herd immunity are also described.
Types of immunity
This document discusses different types of immunity, including innate immunity which provides the first line of defense, and acquired immunity which is adaptive and can be active or passive. Active immunity can be natural, resulting from infection, or artificial through vaccination. Passive immunity transfers ready-made antibodies either naturally from mother to child or artificially through administration of antisera. Local and herd immunity are also described.
Microbiome 101
Presentation by Dr. William DePaolo at the North City Tech Meetup, Lake Forest Park, WA Sept. 16, 2019.
Probiotics ppt seminar prebiotics presentation
Probiotics are useful microorganisms to fight against pathogenic bacteria in human gut . Commercially bacteria and fungus are being used as probiotic organisms
Active and passive immunity
This document discusses the nature of disease and the human immune system. It covers several topics:
1) The various causes of disease including pathogens, genetic disorders, toxins, and physical damage. It also describes the mechanisms by which pathogens can cause disease.
2) The immune system's three lines of defense - external barriers, internal inflammation and phagocytosis, and the adaptive immune system.
3) The different types of immunity, both natural and artificial, as well as active versus passive immunity. Vaccines are discussed as a way to artificially acquire active immunity.
4) The key cells and responses of the immune system, including antibodies, B cells, T cells, and the differences between humoral
Lactic acid bacteria (lab)
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB),Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) or Lactics applications,Potential biomedical LAB applications,Exploitation of LAB,LAB as vaccine delivery vehicle,LAB as live vaccine,Recent developments ,Benefits of LAB based Vaccines,Future perspectives .
Study of immunological products
Immunity, Factors affecting immunity, Types of immunity, Immunological products, Classification of immunological product, Vaccines,Toxoids, Anti-toxoids, Anti-viral serum,Anti-bacterium serum, Immune blood derivatives
Vaccines and Immune Sera.ppt
Vaccines provide active immunity by exposing the immune system to weakened or killed pathogens. They stimulate antibody production and immune memory. Common childhood vaccines protect against diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps and rubella. Vaccines can be live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid or subunit based. They are highly effective but do not guarantee 100% protection and side effects can include fever, redness or swelling at the injection site. Maintaining the recommended immunization schedule is important for public health.
Edible vaccine
Edible vaccines use plants to produce vaccine proteins that are consumed to stimulate immunity. They could provide a cost-effective way to vaccinate remote populations by protecting vaccine proteins from digestion and triggering an immune response through the gut. However, dosage may vary and they are not suitable for infants. Safety issues around environmental contamination must also be addressed.
Similar to Microbes in Human Welfare (20)
Role of microbiology in pharmaceutical and food industry
Role of microbiology in pharmaceutical and food industry
Immunology-2-innate-immunity-acquired-immunity.pdf
Immunology-2-innate-immunity-acquired-immunity.pdf
Recently uploaded
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsEquivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
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Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
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Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
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20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
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Microbes in Human Welfare
- 1. JSS UID: JS201324 Microbiology Seminar
- 2. ➢ INTRODUCTION ✓ Microbes in Household Products ✓ Microbes in Industrial Products o Antibiotics o Chemicals, Enzymes & Bio-active molecules o Vaccination ➢ CONCLUSION
- 4. Applications of Microorganisms Microbes are diverse, spread all across the Biosphere. Though, some of them are Pathogenic i.e. Disease causing including Viruses & Prions (Proteinaceous infectious agents). However, most of the Bacteria & Fungi are cultured and manifested in such a manner so that, they can contribute significantly to the “Human Welfare.”
- 5. Lactobacillus, along with some other bacteria, also known as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) grow in milk & convert it into Curd. Lactobacillus Dough of some cuisines like Dosa & Idli is fermented using Baker’s Yeast i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Different texture, flavor or taste of a particular cheese is acquired by the characteristic microbes used in their fermentation. Cheese Fermentation
- 6. 1st Antibiotic Penicillin Alexander Fleming Worked on Staphylococcus Staphylococcus was not able to grow in the presence of Penicillium notatum Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)
- 7. o Bio-active molecules are the molecules which are produced as a result of microbial activities. o They can be in the form of enzymes, chemical compounds & organic acids as well. • Cyclosporin – A → Immunosuppressive agent. • Used for Organ – transplant patients. Trichoderma polysporum • Statins → Cholesterol – lowering agents. Monascus purpureus
- 9. ▪ Chemicals & Enzymes Organic Acids • Citric acid – Aspergillus niger • Acetic acid – Acetobacter aceti • Butyric acid – Clostridium butyricum • Lactic acid – Lactobacillus Enzymes • Streptokinase (Streptococcus) – Clot buster • Lipases • Pectinases • Proteases
- 10. • A vaccination is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity towards a particular disease. • A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease – causing microorganism and is often made from the weakened/killed form of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface protein. • Vaccines are “antigenic”, not “pathogenic.” Edward Jenner (1749 – 1823)
- 11. ▪ Types of Vaccines Nucleic Acid Vaccines RNA Vaccines DNA Vaccines Viral Vectored Vaccines Replicating Non – Replicating Subunit Vaccines Toxoid Vaccines Recombinant Protein Vaccines OMV Vaccines Conjugate Vaccines Virus Like Particles (VLPs) Whole pathogen vaccines Live – attenuated vaccines Inactivated (Killed) Vaccines
- 12. Pfizer – BioNTech (USA) Moderna (USA) Sputnik – V (Russia) Covaxin – Bharat Biotech (India) Oxford – AstraZeneca (UK) ZyCov-D (India) ✓ Current Vaccine Pipeline
- 13. • Most of the microbes live with a harmonious existence with human cells, but disease and infection can be caused when this balance is disrupted or when the immune system of body is weakened. Microbes can transfer genetic information between one another and this is one such means by which antibiotic resistance can spread all across the microbial population. • Also, some of the beneficial microbes have an important role to play in the breakdown of biological waste in sewage treatment plants.