1. Fighting and Winning the War

2. Wartime Aims and Strategies
Allies
Britain, US, USSR, France, China
Atlantic Charter: Churchill and FDR
Was the vision of postwar international
order
Stalin not a part of this, causes
problems later

3. Ways to defeat Germany
 USSR wanted a second front opened up
 Would draw German troops from Russian soil
 US said yes, but Britain said no, due to the
fact that US was not at full capacity yet
 By Nov. 1943, they agreed to open 2nd front
 USSR bore the brunt of the land battle
 Stalin left this situation very bitter

4. War in Europe
Allies were being crushed early on in
both Europe and Asia
Moved towards Suez Canal
Turning point: Battle of Stalingrad!
By 1944 Stalin’s forces had moved
Germany’s army out of USSR
Allies launched a major offensive in
North Africa

5. War in Europe
 Allies attacked Axis powers in Sicily and Italy
 Mussolini fell in July 1943
 D-Day was June 6, 1944
 Eisenhower was General in charge
 Germans made last attack in Belgium in Dec
1944
 Battle of the Bulge!
 Germany surrendered in May 1945, shortly
after Hitler committed suicide

6. European Battles
We will present the European battles at
the end of this lecture.

7. Holocaust
You learned about this last year, in
depth (at least you should have), but if
you did not, you also read this in the
book!

8. War in the Pacific
Japan was still fighting after Germans
surrendered
Japan had scored many victories, Hong
Kong, Wake Island, Guam, Burma,
Malaya, Solomon Islands, even making
moves in Australia and India
Bataan Death March in 1942 was a
huge defeat for the US mentally

9. Victory over Japan
By mid-1945 US had major advantage
over Japan
Japanese kamikaze efforts were
unsuccessful
Refusal to surrender, Japan would fight
no matter how badly they were being
defeated

10. Yalta
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met in Feb.
1945 at Yalta
FDR wanted Allied unity
Churchill wanted to keep British
colonies such as India
Stalin agreed to fight against Japan if
they got Pacific possessions in return

11. Yalta
 Stalin also wanted to protect his western
border with a band of satellite states
 Use them as a buffer zone that would
guarantee USSR’s national security
 FDR wanted democratically elected
governments in Poland and nearby areas
 An agreement was not reached

12. What WAS agreed to?
 FDR and Churchill agreed to a Soviet sphere
of influence, but was very vague about it
 Stalin pledged to hold “free and unfettered
elections” (never happened!)
 Also agreed to divide Germany into four
zones to be controlled by US, Britain, France,
and USSR, with Berlin in the middle

13. And…
 The idea of the United Nations
 5 major Allied powers: US, Britain, France,
China, USSR, and 6 others on a rotating basis
 Permanent members would have veto power
over decisions of the general assembly
 FDR died April 12, 1945 of a cerebral
hemorrhage

14. End of the War
 Truman became president
 Manhattan Project: development of an atomic
bomb
 Cost $2 billion, employed 120,000 people
near Los Alamos, NM
 Tested in remote areas of NM, and it worked
 Hiroshima Aug 6 and Nagasaki Aug 9

15. Theories
Why not warn Japanese civilians?
Why drop two bombs?
Role of world supremacy?
USSR vs US
No surrender made it necessary, many
said
Japan formally surrendered Sept. 2,
1945

16. Presentation of Battles
Now we will present the key battles of
WWII.
Europe first, figure out the chronological
order!
Pacific second, figure out the chronological
order!
You should take notes on key information
of each battle. Or, look in book!