Genetically Modified Foods Essay

Genetically Modified Foods Essay
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/522596/why–we–will–need–genetically–modified–foods/
Throughout the article provided above, the author, David Rotman, is able to present a well
researched topic on why the human race needs genetically modified organisms using graphics,
different studies, as well as examples from the past, present and future where they describe what the
produce production looks like with and without GMOs. Genetically modified organisms are not
only beneficial, but necessary for the human race to grow and survive. Many countries have begun
using genetically modified organisms for many reasons in recent years. In the United States, about
76% of our corn is genetically modified to repel insects. Other uses of these genes are ... Show more
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One of the solutions the Rotman puts forth is to put more focus on the science behind genetically
modified organisms so that we are well enough equipped to do what needs to be done with the
amount of food produced, which is to intensely increase the products. To make matters worse, the
author begins to inform the reader about another factor that will, likely, dramatically increase
complications in food production due to climate changes. He uses the idea that the weather will
simply begin to become far less predictable and much more extreme as the years go by and farmers
will begin to have a more difficult time creating a well rounded and highly efficient crops. Growing
food that are not acclimate to the changes in weather results in lost money and failed season for
farmers. With genetically modified plants, you could create a gene that could target and specify to
the needs of that plant in that area or climate. This allows for more precise and accurate crops.
David Rotman states that "Creating a potato variety through conventional breeding, for example,
takes at least 15 years; producing a genetically modified one takes less than six months."
(technologyreview.com, David Rotman). This could mean a cut down on costs, fuel and labor. Many
scientists are sceptical when it comes to the topic of food gene editing. Walter De Jong, a potato
scientists, who was interviewed by David Rotman,
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The Controversy Of Transgenic Crops
Ever since the discovery of DNA, farmers have selectively bred plants in order to bring out
desirable traits such a large yield or longevity. As time passed on new discoveries were made about
DNA and scientist eventually became able to directly insert genes into a plant cell, permanently
changing the world of agriculture. Genetically modified agriculture, or transgenic crops, are crops
that have had their DNA altered via genetic engineering. Transgenic crops are often the subject of
skepticism from wealthy countries such as America. In these countries the citizens are concerned
transgenic crops may have a negative impact on their health and the environment. As a result
transgenic crops, or any other genetically modified organism, are the subject of controversy. On one
side of the debate there are the supporters who see the potential of genetic engineering and the other
side there are people who fear modifying the DNA of any living creature is going too far. Although
some wealthy nations refuse to grow or consume transgenic crops many developing nations can
benefit from this technology. This essay is not meant to argue the moral problems or speculations
associated with transgenic crops, it is intended to argue the potential benefits of transgenic crops in
developing nations where there is a scarcity of quality food. In developing countries, transgenic
crops can positively affect the health of citizens, the economy, and the environment of these nations.
When transgenic crops

Disadvantages Of Gmo Foods
GMO(genetically modified organism) is a kind of organism or microorganism whose genetic
material has been produced by genetic engineering.The majority of people are using GMO foods for
many years.Most of the people consider that GMO has more advantages than
disadvantages.However, the disadvantages are more compared to advantages.So, how does GMO
effect people's life and environment?What are the disadvantages of GMO foods?To answer these
questions we should take a look at the reasons for avoiding to use GMO foods.GMO foods need to
be avoided because of their negative impact on health and environment. Primarily, the reason why
people shouldn't use GMO foods is its negative effect on health.It's a well– known fact that GMO
has serious effects on people's health.For example, people who are ... Show more content on
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As a result, GMO foods are poses to danger for Cancer, genetic diseases and also allergies.People
should take precaution to avoid negative effects such as allergies, chronic diseases, cancer of GMO.
Together with health issues, another major reason why people should avoid to use GMO foods is
environmental effects of GMO foods.Today many scientists conflict with each other because of the
GMO foods.Some of them claim that GMO has a just positive effect on the environment.They may
have a point when they say GMO foods affect efficiency but it isn't a big deal compare to its damage
on the environment. The potential consequences of the general effects discussed above depend
mainly on the transgenic trait of the GMO. Up to now, the main traits for GM crops are herbicide
tolerance and pest resistance. Herbicide tolerance genes confer tolerance to broad–spectrum
herbicides like glyphosate (Round–Up) or glufosinate (Basta). This trait represented 75% of all GM
crops planted commercially in the year 2002. Possible trait–specific environmental effects, apart

Teosinte Vs Corn
Corn (Zea mays) is one of the most widely produced crops in the United States and it provides more
than 40% of the world's corn (Benson and Gibson). The history of maize dates back to around 5,000
– 6,000 years ago due to the Native Americans domesticating the maize ancestor. In recent years and
after countless research, scientists are accepting the theory that corn comes from a wild plant called
Teosinte. The reason behind the skepticism is due to the traits of both plants; teosinte possess
smaller cobs, fewer rows of kernels and it has a smaller size overall. While it might seem plausible
that it is part of the maize family, it did not have enough similarities to proclaim it as the ancestor of
maize. However, thanks to works of multiple scientists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of changing natural processes to produce an "ideal" crop raises concern amongst
environmentalists. Extracting bacteria from soil and inserting it into an entirely different species
may appear unethical because of the changing of natural processes. Genetic engineering promotes
producing a type of crop that is not susceptible to pests, but carries the risk of decreasing genetic
variation (Green Peace). Once a crop is perfected, farmers then mass produce that specific crop, and
the different variations of the crop are lost (Green Peace). Another concern regarding the use of the
Bt protein is the increased risk of allergies (Smith). The transgenic protein comes from bacteria in
the soil, and thus raises the concern of allergic reactions to the corn. Consumers are worried that the
cry protein injected into Bt corn could have allergies unknown to them because of the cry protein's
characteristic of an extended digestion time. Consumers are also skeptical that genes of this
antibiotic resistance could somehow be introduced to other bacteria in the soil, and possibly infect
consumers with this bacteria. A major ethical concern of genetically modified crops, specifically Bt
corn, is the lack of knowledge of the long term effects these crops have on humans and other
organisms. Consumers are uninformed about the

Genetically Living Being ( Gmo )
Hereditarily Altered Living being (GMO) is a standout amongst the most vital issues from around
the globe. GMOs are exceptional living beings in which the hereditary material has been modified
for development profitability and item quality. GMOs have raised worries over their own valuable
in that they are impervious to illness, help people experiencing starvation, deliver more prominent
yields, and enhance the nourishment of sustenance's. Having nourishments is vital to human life to
keep up great wellbeing and to survive. It is not mystery that GMO–ed sustenance's have spread out
quickly to the entire world. On the off chance that we couldn 't stop the expansion of GMO, we
ought to know why it is unsafe to our wellbeing and how we can avoid it. As a matter of first
importance, GMOs are destructive to our wellbeing. Second, transgenic crops prompt to genuine
annihilation of nature and have debased natural harvests. Third, significant organizations, which
work intimately with GMOs, expect to corner showcase nourishments. At last, GMO, it ought to be
named and individuals to be perceived how perilous GMO for us. To start with, in the way that
humankind doesn 't have attempted to eat GMOs infused a quality from another animal types,
GMOs won 't be guaranteed nourishment security not at all like demonstrated natural sustenance's
which has been eaten for mankind 's history. In notwithstanding of the hazardousness, the
sustenance's have still been on our table without check.

N-Disc1 Transgenic Mouse Model
Establishment of a new Nes–DN–DISC1 transgenic mouse model Since DISC1 has been identified
as a genetic risk for multiple mental disorders, several animal models based on DISC1 have been
established using either constitutive neuronal promoters [35, 36, 42–45] or endogenous DISC1
promoters [37, 46, 47]. To implement the spatial and temporal control of transgene expression, we
established a new Nes–DN–DISC1 transgenic mouse model by crossing Nes–rtTA transgenic mice
[48], in which GFP and rtTA are driven by the nestin promoter, with tetO–DN–DISC1 mouse line
[36], in which DN–DISC1 is controlled by the doxycycline (Dox) inducible promoter (tetO) (Figure
1A). This mouse line provides a spatial control because the transgene is only turned on ... Show
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In contrast, the mice received regular food without Dox did not express detectable DN–DISC1.
Effects on behavioral changes after a prenatal disruption of DISC1 function in NPCs Our previous
study showed that knockdown of Disc1 in the dentate gyrus of adult mice leads to hyperlocomotion
in the open field test (OFT), and depressive–like behavior in the forced swim test (FST) [40]. Other
DISC1 models exhibit similar phenotypes [36]. Few studies have directly addressed how abnormal
proliferation and differentiation of NPCs results in behavioral alterations in adulthood. We
hypothesize that altered embryonic brain development, particularly in NPCs, will increase the risk
for abnormal behaviors in adulthood. To test this, we induced DN–DISC1 expression from
embryonic day 0 (E0) to postnatal day 0 (P0) (Figure 2), which specifically disrupted DISC1
function in embryonic NPCs. To minimize the difference between individual mice, in this study, we
used the single transgenic Nes–rtTA littermate mice from the same pregnant mother as our control,
whereas the double transgenic Nes–DN–DISC1 mouse littermates were the mutant group, the same
as the previous study [36]. Since they both were exposed to Dox with the same dose and time
prenatally, this minimized the potential effect of antibiotics on behaviors. To determine the potential
influence of early DN–DISC1 exert any long–term

The Pros And Cons Of Genetically Modified Foods
As the spread of commercialized genetically modified foods (GMF) products rise, the number of
people exposed to genetically modified foods incline globally. The term genetically modified foods
can be used interchangeably with transgenic foods, genetically engineered crops (GE) and
Recombinant DNA technology and therefore defined as the enhancement of foods in which a gene
of interest from one organism is extracted and inserted into the target organisms. (1) The genes of
interest may be cells from bacteria, insects, animals, plants or viruses. Although the controversial
idea seems fairly new genetically engineered crops were introduced as early as the 90s without the
knowledge of most consumers. The United States leads as the top producer ... Show more content
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Body Evidence 1: In terms of its conservational effects, toxicity is a massive matter regarding GM
crops. More than 80% of all genetically modified crops grown worldwide have been engineered for
herbicide tolerance. As a result, the use of toxic herbicides, such as Roundup, has increased
fifteenfold since GMOs were first introduced. (3) GM crops create toxins in the soil wherever they
are planted. When toxic residues are released into the soil through the GM crop, toxins can prevent
the growth of good bacteria that are essential for plant growth. Consequently, there are fewer soil
bacteria, which are integral to the healthy soil for plants to grow without the use of chemical
fertilizers. Nutrients are not returned to the soil, thus leaving the soil dry and void of all vital
nutrients for growth. When GM crops are planted, generally in a monocrop fashion, traditional seeds
are no longer used. Framers then become accustomed to the GMO seeds creating a cycle of
dependence on GMO seeds and chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to grow a single
crop. In addition to soil issues, the irrigation used to grow GM foods naturally carries all of these
problems into water sources and into the air. (3) This exposes different bacteria, insects, and animals
to the same problems. Thus, creating pesticide resistant superbugs; the toxins originally used to

Transgenic Mouse Model
What is the major problem being addressed by this study?
This research aims at understanding how Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) develops after traumatic
incidents such as stroke. In our lab, we use a transgenic mouse model in order to selectively delete
PTEN from dentate granule cells (DGC) found in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus– where TLE
forms. The experiments have shown that deleting PTEN causes abnormalities amongst DGC, causes
mice to display seizures, and is sufficient to cause TLE. By utilizing advanced imaging and neuron
reconstruction we are able to test the leading hypothesis that abnormal DGC drive TLE.
What specific questions are you asking and how will you attempt to answer them?
In this proposal we want to know: 1) the relationship between abnormal cell morphology and
temporal lobe epilepsy (the most common type of post–stroke epilepsy) 2) What are the other
intrinsic and extrinsic cell changes that occur in this model 3) Whether there is an alteration in the
ratio of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the cell that can ultimately drive TLE. To answer these
questions, we will use a transgenic mouse model and neuroimaging techniques to reconstruct the
abnormal neurons and then analyze them using neuron tracing software. Additionally, we will use a
transgenic mouse combined with advanced tracing techniques to trace abnormal cell inputs. ... Show
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Two thirds of patients who suffer from stroke develop TLE. The proposed study will test whether
the pathology of PTEN Knockout cells is a primary driver for TLE or merely a secondary change
following seizures. Additionally, we will characterize the different natural and extraneous cell
changes that occur within a genetic model of an epileptic animal. This will ultimately help delineate
mechanisms by which temporal lobe epilepsy develops. This will guide creating treatment and
intervention for patients with post–stroke

Genetically Modified Food And Its Effects On The Consumer
In the year 2050, nearly 10 billion people will call Earth home. Food producers must increase food
production by 70% in order to feed the increasing population (Rangel, 2015, para. 20). A solution to
increase the production from farms across the globe is to genetically modify food. Scientists can
manipulate the genes of different crops to increase the crops size, quantity, shelf life and even
resistance to pests. In recent years, genetically modified foods have begun to show up in grocery
stores across the globe. Some consumers do not object to eating genetically modified food, but
others have started to question how genetically modified food could affect the consumer. Rangel
(2015) wrote that genetically modified objects are not new to society and should be nothing to
worry about. He stated that humans have altered the genetics of organisms for over 30,000 years
through the process of selective breeding or artificial selection (para. 1). Selective breeding may not
be conducted in a lab like genetically modified objects (GMO) today, but it is comparable to GMOs
because through selective breeding, farmers choose the plants with the most desirable traits and
plant the seeds from those plants in order to have an enhanced crop the following year. Even though
studies have found pros and cons of genetically modified food, researchers still need to conduct
additional studies in order to better understand how genetically modified food could possibly affect
the health of humans. In

What Effect Do the Different Levels of Ecb Infestation of...
Biology IBO Group 61 Teacher: Lorena Isabel Garza Hinojosa Student: Angélica López Hernández
ID: A01211745 Due Date: 19/08/2008 "Design your own Bio Lab" Dependent and Independent
Variables Problem Statement: How different wavelengths of light affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Variables: * Dependent: wavelength of light (color) * Independent: * Control: Method for
controlling variables: All types of corn must be grown in the same soil and nutrient conditions,
watering amounts and light conditions. They must be grown in separated plant chambers, and the
seeds will be planted in three pots and each grow chamber will be labeled. The amount of ECB that
is added to the plantation must always be in the same quantity corresponding to ... Show more
5. Weighing: Drag each ear on each of the plants to the weighing dishes to weigh its kernels. The
yield of kernels of each plant is now on a weighing dish. Drag a weighing dish to the balance to read
the weight of the kernels. Record the weigh of a Data Table. Proceed to weigh the kernel yield from
all plants. Calculate the average kernel yield form each set of three identical plants that are grown
under identical conditions from the same type of seed. Record the calculations on the Data Table.
Method for collection of data The yields of each experiment must be weighed on the same weighing
dish, and the results must be measured in a labeled table considering four significant numbers. The
unit that must be used is grams. Uncertainty will be considered as half of the minimum weight that
can be measured on the balance (¬ – + 0.05). Data collection CORN VARIETIES AND YEILDS
CORN VARIETY LEVEL OF ECB INFESTATION GROWING POT 1 YEILD (GRAMS)
GROWING POT 2 YEILD (GRAMS) GROWING POT 3 YEILD (GRAMS) AVERAGE YEILD
(GRAMS) UNCERTAINTY + – .O5 (GRAMS) BT 456 HIGH 157.30 157.00 159.00 157.77 BT
456 LOW 178.80 172.60 179.60 177.00 BT 456 NONE 190.00 183.20 184.80 186.00 BT123 HIGH
155.10 163.00 163.90 160.67 BT123 LOW 164.00 162.60 168.30 164.97 BT123 NONE 160.10
164.80 164.20 163.03 GOLDEN CROP (NON BT) HIGH 135.40 139.60 138.30 137.77 GOLDEN
CROP (NON BT) LOW 177.90 171.20 170.60 173.23 GOLDEN CROP (NON BT) NONE

Optogenetic Manipulation In Transgenic Rats
To effectively integrate the applications of optogenetics in a living organism, there needs to be
previous genetic manipulation to enable the rat to be receptive to optogenetic technologies. The
genetic manipulation involves creating transgenic rats. Transgenic manipulation involves the
movement or insertion of a gene in an organism that does not normally possess the gene. The gene
of interest is the gene for halorhodopsin, and to produce rats that possess this gene requires injecting
a DNA construct into a fresh embryo. A DNA construct is an artificially constructed segment of
nucleic acid that is transplanted in the cell. The DNA construct is usually constructed as a plasmid.
The construct must contain a DNA insert, which has the gene sequence ... Show more content on
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The primary antibody is the antibody that will bind to the protein of interest. This is generated by
exposing the halorhodopsin protein to a rat so that an immune response of antibodies can be
generated and these antibodies are harvested from the rat. This antibody will bind to the protein of
interest during incubation. The detection, however, is done with the use of a secondary antibody
generated from another animal. When unbound primary antibodies are removed from the blotting
sheet, the secondary antibody can be used to detect bound primary antibodies. The secondary
antibody will be modified with a fluoresce tag that lights up when the secondary antibody binds
with the bonded primary antibody. If there is a detectable fluoresce signal, then there is the
halorhodopsin protein present in the blot. The amount of fluoresce indicates how much of the
halorhodopsin gene is being generated. With the confirmation that HaloX gene was properly
inserted into the genome, pain testing with optogenetics can

Transgenic Animal Model Essay
Alzheimer's disease is the leading form of dementia within the world's elderly population and given
that there exists an ever increasing percentage of the elderly population within society,
understanding this neurodegenerative disease has become more important than ever. It is a disease
associated with subcortical temporal lobe structures such as the Hippocampus, the Entorhinal
Cortex, the Amygdala, the Thalamus, among others. Clinically, those millions of individuals
suffering from the disease experience episodes of irreversible memory loss, changes in personality
and confusion (among a plethora of other symptoms). Physiologically, the disease is characterized
by the accumulation of insoluble amyloid beta plaques, derived from the amyloid precursor protein
(APP). Another characteristic marker for Alzheimer's dementia is the Hyper–phosphorylation of the
Tau protein which then aggregates to form insoluble neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), that inhibit a
cell's ability to regulate the stabilization of the microtubule component tubulin. Transgenic animal
models have proven to be quite useful in terms of exploring the ways in which diseases manifest
themselves in humans. In regards to mouse models, their shorter lifespans along with their brain's
similarity to that of a human ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this reason, an understanding of the cognitive impairments associated with the disease alongside
a characterization of the less prominent pathologies such as vascular pathologies should be studied.
Much is not yet known about vascular pathologies in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease;
however, if present in the early stages of the disease, greater amyloid beta build up would be found
in regions surrounding blood vessels in the 3xTg AD mice in comparison to a

Cons Of Transgenic Animals
The insertion of human genes into mammals is not only inducing conflict into nature's ecosystems,
but can result in a new intelligent, human–like species that needs proper regulations and authority.
The study of transgenic, or chimeric animals has brought about some serious ethical issues. Many
people are only aware of the issues when it regards the human race. However, transgenics play
much more of a role than just to our society, but greater damage is done to nature's ecosystems.
Many consequences may be unleashed once a transgenic animal escapes back into the wild. The
potential harms may include "the alteration of the ecologic balance regarding feed sources and
predators...and the disruption of reproduction patterns and their success," (Animal Biotechnology).
The quick extinction and endangerment of these animals can dwindle ... Show more content on
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As ground–breaking as it sounds, Glenn states "Further advances in the blending of nonhuman
animal and human DNA could result – intentionally or not – in chimeric entities possessing degrees
of intelligence or sentience never before seen in nonhuman animals...Could it be patented?" (1). Due
to this progressing study, society is questioning whether or not if these animals become too human–
like, whether they would need rights and regulations, since they will be technically "human". Even
if so, it is uncertain whether these animals would follow these regulations. Humans are a very
dangerous species, destroying both themselves and other species. With the intelligent, nightmarish
human brain, chimeras have the power to dominate the human race. Mammals may disregard the
rules, as humans do as well, thus creating a newer dominating minority that can lead to catastrophe.
This issue is commonly overlooked, but it is indeed possible. Human DNA injections should be
prohibited from being inserted into animals, too many dangers lurk within nature and society's

Genetically Modified Organism, Agriculture, And Synthetic...
Genetically Modified Organism
Agriculture, a necessity for providing basic needs, has evolved tremendously since the first time it
was practiced. When first started, agriculture was relatively simple: plant the seeds, water the seeds,
and gather the end product. Now, agriculture has changed to include pesticides, herbicides, and
synthetic fertilizers to produce and maintain higher yields. The Green Revolution in the 1940's to
1970's help modernize agriculture with high–yielding varieties, better irrigation systems, and
synthetic fertilizers. Without the Green Revolution, world hunger would have been a lot higher than
it was in the past (Easterbrook 1997). Conventional farming was established thanks to the revolution
and helped greatly in keeping world food security. The world is still a limited resource and the
amount of fertile land that allows production of agriculture can only decrease from now. Current
production of agriculture may not be able to keep up with the steady population growth of the
developing countries. The population is projected to increase from roughly 7 billion currently to 9.1
billion by 2050, meaning that there will be 2 billion more mouths to feed (UNPD). Agriculture
needed something new to help provide higher yields of crops in order to keep world hunger levels at
a minimum. Luckily in the mid 1990's, genetically modified organism, or GMO, crops were
implemented on a large scale in the United States. Genetically modified organism is an organism

Genetically Modified Foods Debate
Many consumers do not wish to eat food that has been dosed with pesticides because of the
possibility of health hazards. However, genetically modified foods are quite capable of helping
eliminating the utilization of harmful chemical pesticides. Due to this, many farmers choose and
prefer to plant biotech produce because of this benefit. In recent news, Sudan decided to take part in
planting a type of these crops, Bt cotton. The production of Bt cotton has led to a decrease in the
amount of insecticides used by 50%, reducing the risk of exposure to these chemicals. In China, the
use of Bt cotton has led to a reduction of 78,000 tons of pesticide which covers about a quarter of
what China has sprayed. (ISAAA,
http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/44/executivesummary/default.asp) Furthermore,
the uses of these types of biotech crops allow a reduction of risks associated with agricultural waste
run–offs. GMOs in these countries show how they are beneficial especially for preventing
environmental and human contact damage.
As the population on the world continues to increase rapidly, soon farmers will need to find a way to
grow crops in unsuited areas. This is where GMOs come in. A company, Dupont Pioneer, released
eight versions of its customarily bred Aquamax corn and found that it boosts yields up by 7% in
drought conditions compared to regular grown corn. Additionally, interbreeding the genetically
modified food such as the Aquamax corn with ordinary corn can

Genetically Modified Foods Essay
Introduction.
Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes
(adding, deleting, changing segments) introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic
engineering.(King 2009) So they could produce desirable traits or eliminate undesirable traits, a
process that enables transfer of genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature.
1983 marked the first ever transgenic plant. This was a tobacco plant that was created with antibiotic
resistant properties. The first commercially grown genetically modified food crop was a tomato
plant in California. The decomposition process was modified and resulted in a slower
decomposition. This plant was known as 'FlavrSavr'. Before ... Show more content on
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Irelands current status is a GM free zone. This means that Ireland is off–limits to the environmental
release of genetically modified organisms including viruses, algae, bacteria, seeds, crops, trees,
insects, molluscs, crustaceans, fish, poultry and livestock. As it stands only one variety of GM crop
(Monsanto's patented MON810 maize) is authorised for commercial release in the EU. But as of
October 2007, this is banned in Austria, France, Greece, Hungary and Poland. Other EU countries
are looking into banning it too.
The hostility towards these foods means that they wont be bought or sold in the market, but their
applications are so extensive and diverse that it is hard do ignore the many benefits that GM foods
could bring. These include beliefs that there is potential for a negative environmental impact
associated with production processes or farming practices and perceptions that there is uncertainty
associated with unplanned human or animal health effects. (Miles 2001)
Positives.
With the worlds population said to increase to 9.6 billion by 2050 (according to the U.N) demand
for food supply will increase dramatically. 60% more food will be required by 2050. (Alexandratos
N 2012) Figure 3. Shows how much corn, rice, maze and soybean will have to be grown to meet the
demands of 2050.
Food production will be under pressure and at an all time high. Advances in food and agricultural
technology need to be

Genetically Modified Food
When I was a kid, science teacher taught me Genetically Modified Food is the research of the future
and will lead to solving the famine issues of the future. I heard lots of scientists were researching the
Genetically Modified Food and that they had already ended the experiment. So I thought no one
would have to bear hunger. Nowadays, despite the progress on Genetically Modified Food, many
people continue to suffer from famine. A lot of Genetically Modified Food comes to the market but
they do not affect the market price enough to completely solve world hunger. Furthermore, there are
various ethical issues concerning the use of Genetically Modified Food. In this essay, I would like to
discuss these ethical issues by first discussing the current debate of Genetically Modified Food's
effects to human body, the current practices involving Genetically Modified Food, and why this
controversy warrants labeling of Genetically Modified Food to help the consumers make informed
decisions of what type of food they are buying.
Today, some people do not even realize that the products what they put in the shopping basket are
actually Genetically Modified Foods. The groceries that are highly modified are Canola oil, milk,
soy bean and corn. Specifically, the soy bean and corn are the most consumed Genetically Modified
Foods in the supermarkets. In 2000, the United States Department of Agriculture approximated that
25 percent of corns, which are produced in United States, contained

Toxic Tacos? the Case of Genetically Modified Foods Essay...
Issues
This case is about the usage of genetically modified foods and up till today, this problem is
continuing. It was stated that Taco Bell was accused of using StarLink corn (a type of genetically
modified corn) in their taco shells. The StarLink had been approved by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) that it is safe for animal but not human consumption. From the time when
this case happens, the public started to be aware of the possible dangers of genetically modified
foods. Other than that, the prices of corn start to decline. This case had generated debates about
genetically modified foods.
There are two groups that shares different views about genetically modified food. One of the groups
is the proponents of genetically ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Otherwise, it can be that Taco Bell does not consider the ethical dimension of decision making;
meaning that Taco Bell uses the genetically modified corn without realizing that it will have a
negative impact on their consumers. It is ascertain that Taco Bell did not adopt a moral approach. It
is because they did not conform to a high level of ethical behavior nor did they conform to
professional standards. If they did, Taco Bell will examine the corn before it is used; they should
search out if it is possible to cause harm upon others.
There are ethical issues in the area of technology. One of the key issues is technological
determinism. Technological determinism indicates that what can be developed will be developed.
Those people that work with technology are driven to push the boundary of technology development
without the thinking about the ethical issues. In this case, Taco Bell had made use of technology in
their business without thinking about the ethical factors. They made use of StarLink genetically
modified corn to make the corn resistant to pests. Taco Bell us genetically modified corn in their
product without thinking about the side effects that it will have on human health. They are being
unethical as although the genetically modified corn contain a foreign protein that is probably safe
for human consumption, it has some of the chemical characteristics of a human allergen which can
cause anything from a mild allergic reaction to

A Transgenic Lines
Three independent homozygous transgenic lines with significantly higher Os08g01480 expression
were selected for further characterization. In early stages of vegetative growth on
Soilrite, no phenotypic difference was observed in transgenic lines in comparison to WT.
However, there was clear difference in bolting time between WT and transgenic lines
(Supplementary Fig. S2). The visible changes in early plant growth between WT and transgenic
lines were analyzed through measuring root length after growth on ½ MS plates for 11 days. All the
transgenic lines showed significantly increased root length compared to
WT plants. To study whether increase in root length was due to early germination, germination rate
of WT and transgenic lines was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the same time, significantly lower (~25%, 20%, 40%, and
7%, decrease) root length inhibition in transgenic plants was recorded in comparison to root length
of NT transgenic plants. (Fig. 1).
For salt and osmotic stress, WT and transgenic line were grown on NaCl (50 mM) and mannitol
(150 mM) for 11 d. Root length of WT showed significant decrease (70%) as compared to
transgenic line (30%–50%) during salt stress as compared to NT; WT and transgenic seedlings,
whereas in osmotic stress, ~50% and up to 40% decrease was observed in WT and transgenic lines
compared to NT; WT and transgenic plants. It is concluded that in WT there was ~40% and 20%
more reduction in case of salt stress and osmotic stress respectively (Fig. 2).
For studying effect of cold and heat, after stratification seeds were kept at –20˚C and
37˚C respectively for 4 h and then transferred to control conditions. As much as ~60% and
40% decrease in root length of WT was noted during cold and heat stress, respectively when
compared to NT; WT plants, while ~25% and ~15% decrease of root length was recorded in
transgenic lines at time of heat and cold stress, respectively when compared to NT transgenic plants.
This result indicated ~40% and ~20% reduction in root length of WT compared to transgenic lines
subjected to cold and heat stresses (Fig. 3). These studies

Ethical Concerns Of Genetically Modified Organisms Essay
Ethical Concern and Genetically Modified (GM) Crops
Are Genetically Modified (GM) crops safe for environment? Might organisms and environment be
harmed by GM crops?
According to the World Health Organization (2014. 1), "Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
can be defined as organisms (i.e. plants, animals or microorganisms) in which the genetic material
(DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural
recombination. The technology is often called 'modern biotechnology ' or 'gene technology ',
sometimes also 'recombinant DNA technology ' or 'genetic engineering '. Foods produced from or
using GM organisms are often referred to as GM foods." Many organic crops farming farmers are
against cultivating of GM crops because of the threat to farm land and environment however,
biotechnology companies and GM crops growing famer desire to have profit and consumer look for
low price. Thus, the debate over the environmental impact of genetically modified GM crops is
growing. Although GM crops negatively affects on some organism in environment, they reduce the
use of pesticides and increase crop yield.
Genetically Modified insect resistant crops produce the toxic substances as a results it effect non–
target organism and entire ecosystem. Biodiversity has significant role to balance environment as
biodiversity decreases interaction between species decrease and ecosystem and food chain affect
adversely. Some weeds are source of food for

Ethical Ambiguity Of Transgenic Animals
Michael Fortun claims "ethics is not about a good or bad answer, or a good or bad action, so much
as it is about a certain quality of an encounter" (Rajan 66). Without context, ethics lack meaning.
For productivity to maintain fluidity, the various contexts and subsequent manifestations of ethics
must be capable of coexisting in one space. When they fail to coexist this space becomes blurred,
slowing productivity and ultimately the flow of capital. New topics often lend to discord,
demonstrated by the numerous debates surrounding the use of biotechnology for genetic
modification of plants and animals. Whether the discussion revolves around the ethical ambiguity of
genetically modified foods or transgenic animals, the side that wins out is that ... Show more content
Transgenic animals have been tools of research for years. Some contest its ethical standing by
arguing that the manipulation of animals for human benefit violates animal rights, treating them as
property rather than living beings. As BBC news discusses, the patents placed on these newly
created beings reinforces the concept of animals as property (BBC 2014). By treating transgenic
animals as property, we inherently establish that not only do they not deserve rights equal or even
similar to that of a human, but they are demeaned, maintaining minimal rights as were the different
organisms from which the new one was created. In the event that a genetically modified creature
maintains an intelligence equal to or even beyond that of a human, any attempt to use logic to
reason the lower rights goes out the window. The dilemma then becomes how do we decide how
much rights transgenic creations deserve. ADD MORE ABOUT OTHER ETHICAL DILEMMAS
POSED. However, the bigger voices in the community have decided that their benefit to humanity
outweighs any potential ethical dilemma, including the potential health risks posed to humans by the
medical tools produced through transgenic organisms. Genetically engineered animals help generate
nutritional supplements, create human transplantable organs, and assist with human gene therapy.
Thus, in the context of medicine, genetically engineered animals are frequently (but not always)
regarded as

Transgenic Cows Research Paper
Why were transgenic cows created?
Transgenic cows were mainly created to produce healthier milk. Compared to normal cow's milk,
transgenic cows are able to produce more milk that contains more nutrients. Transgenic cows milk
can also be used to produce proteins that are used to treat disease.
For example, Chinese scientists have created a cow which produces low lactose milk. People with
lactose intolerant will be able to digest this milk without having stomach problems. Normal milk
contains lactose, but the milk produced by the transgenic cow contains a very low or even no
lactose. To create this transgenic cow, the scientists inserted genes from organisms called archaea
into cells from cow embryos. Fourteen embryos were created which were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
But, is it ethical to create altered animals that may suffer? Ethical issues can arise at all stages in the
life span and generations of transgenic cows. It is unethical to modify a cows genetic makeup for a
specific purpose, without knowing in advance if there will be any side effects that will cause harm
and suffering to the cow. Embryos that undergo the genetic procedures have only a small survival
rate(between 1% and 30%). This means that large numbers of cows are produced to obtain the
transgenic cows which are of scientific value. An example of this is the genetically modified cows
showing increased Tuberculosis resistance. Bovine Tuberculosis(TB) is a infectious disease caused
by a bacterium called Mycobacterium bovis. A mouse gene was inserted into the DNA of a cow and
23 transgenic calves were produced. Once the offspring reached adulthood, they showed resistance
to TB which shows the benefits of transgenesis. But, of the 23 calves produced, only 13 survived to
adulthood. This shows the unethical side of transgenesis and raises the question of whether the
sacrifice of some cows makes up for the succession of an experiment, even though we run the huge
risks of experiments being

The Future Of Transgenic Animals
Enviropigs: The Future of Transgenic Animals, The Environment, and the Global Market.
For thousands of years, the usage of livestock has been one of the primary sources of food for
human consumption. From cows to goats, and even horses, humans have raised these animals in
order to obtain a good source of food and fiber, as well as the increase of labor. The three most
consumed livestock in the world are cattle, chicken, and pigs; out of the three, pigs are the ones that
have one of the biggest environmental impacts. Like many living organisms, pigs need many
sources that provide the required nutrients for their system: one of those nutrients happens to be
Phosphorus. This element performs important functions in cells and organs, which leads to the
formation of teeth and bones, as well as cell walls (Forsberg). Crops like corn and cereal grains
naturally contain phosphorous, which is why farmers use these as the primary food source for pigs;
the problem with these crops is that the kind of phosphorous produced by them is indigestible for
pigs. In order to help pigs process the amount of phosphorous present in their meals, farmers feed
them an enzyme called "Phytase" as a supplement, which allows the animals to break down the
phosphorous, facilitating their digestion (Rou).
While feeding pigs this enzyme helps break down the phosphorous present in the grains, a great
amount of it is flushed out by the pig in its waste. Much of the waste produced by livestock has a
way of

Essay on Transgenic Rice Plants
For centuries, rice has been one of the most important staple crops for the world and it now
currently feeds more than two billion people, mostly living in developing countries. Rice is the
major food source of Japan and China and it enjoys a long history of use in both cultures. In 1994,
worldwide rice production peaked at 530 million metric tons. Yet, more than 200 million tons of rice
are lost each year to biotic stresses such as disease and insect infestation. This extreme loss of crop
is estimated to cost at least several billion dollars per year and heavy losses often leave third world
countries desperate for their staple food.
Therefore, measures must be taken to decrease the amount of crop loss and ... Show more content
This was useful for delivering the protein inhibitor to insects which eat plant material. The
selectable marker in this trial was the bacterial phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene (bar) which
was linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Next the plasmid pTW was
injected into cell cultures of Japonica rice using the
BiolisticTM particle delivery system. The BiolisticTM system proceeds as follows: Immature
embryos and embryonic calli of six rice materials were bombarded with tungsten particles coated
with DNA of two plasmids containing the appropriate genes. The plant materials showed high
frequency of expression of genes when stained with X–Gluc. The number of blue or transgenic units
was approximately 1,000.
After one week, the transgenic cells were transferred onto selection medium containing hygromycin
B. After two weeks, fresh cell cultures could be seen on bombarded tissue. Some cultures were
white and some cultures were blue.
Isolated cell cultures were further selected on hygromycin resistance. However, no control plant
survived.
Then twenty plates of cells were bombarded with the PINII gene, from which over two hundred
plants were regenerated and grown in a greenhouse. After their growth, they were tested for PINII
gene using
DNA blot hybridization and 73% of the plants were found to be transgenic.
DNA blot hybridization is the process by which DNA from each sample was digested by a

Transgenic Salmon Cons
Transgenics is the introduction of an altered gene into a living organism in anticipation of the genes
characteristics being displayed in the organism's progeny. This process has assisted both plant and
animals production in numerous ways including increasing yields, resistance to pest/disease and
increasing maturity rates, being just a few examples; transgenics has been used for medical
purposes! Transgenic cotton: Due to cotton previously being attacked by pest that caused immense
damage, the main purpose for GM cotton was to create a more pest resistant form of crop. This was
achieved by inserting a foreign gene into the cotton seed from bacillus thuringiensis, the introduced
gene is mainly targeting cottons most common pest; bollworm. With the new line of cotton, research
has found that farmers are actually resorting to less chemical usage on their crops due to the
pesticide with the cotton keeping the insects almost under control, with the help of 1–2 chemical
coverings as opposed to the traditional 8. Transgenic salmon: Transgenic salmon have been
developed to grow twice as fast as their natural state. The salmon have been injected with a growth
hormone gene that was found within Pacific Chinook salmon and a promoter from an ocean pout
this will ensure that the Salmon are growing during the whole year instead of just ... Show more
The decision is normally dependent on scientific research that follows the organism or one's own
personal morals. When deciding on an opinion of this topic, many variables come into the argument,
including possible environmental issues, food safety issues, threats to surrounding organic crops and
even possible side effects of the created organism along with the ethical issues that come from
genetically altering a plant or

Organic Contamination
GMOs (GMOs – genetically modified organisms), are made for human and/or creature use by
utilizing the most exceptional atomic science methods. The plants and/or edits here and there have
been modified in a research center to upgrade certain imperative characteristics, for example,
expanded imperviousness to herbicides or enhance beneficial worth. The improvement is typically
embraced through reproducing. In the previous decade hereditarily altered sustenance have been up
for discussion about whether these nourishments are valuable to our general public or on the off
chance that they are really destructive. GMO sustenance is an issue on the grounds that it gives
organic contamination and GMO significantly influences to nature and humankind. ... Show more
A study drove by Doug Gurian–Sherman who is a lead researcher in UCS Sustenance and
Environment System, demonstrates that hereditarily built corn assortments have just expanded
harvest yields possibly while designed soybean assortments have not expanded yields by any means.
The UCS properties the generous increment in harvest yields over the previous decade to a great
extent to customary reproducing and changes in rural aptitudes. Indeed the study ventures to suggest
that the U.S. Bureau of Horticulture expel subsidizing from GMO contemplates and divert it to
other, more useful uses and projects. This disputable point has numerous contentions some of which
I was not able say yet I have still to some degree possessed the capacity to detail my own sentiment
with respect to the theme. On the premise of Hereditary building we can reason that it is still in its
earliest stages and shockingly little is thought about its results in both short and more terms on
people, while even less is known with respect to its impacts on the

Advantages Of Genetically Modified Crops
The Advantages of GMO crops Genetically modified crops have shorter maturation periods,
meaning they can be harvested much faster and in shorter intervals. Therefore farmers can produce
more crops in shorter time frames and increase their profitability Genetically modified crops make
agriculture more sustainable. Due to the short maturation periods, soil salinity decreases as the crops
don't spend as long taking nutrients and minerals out of the soil. Genetically modified crops are
made to be better/improved and carry strong genes for certain favourable characteristics. This
allows for higher quality crops to be produced. They have resistance to diseases and viruses,
herbicides and pesticides. There is an increased yield in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctors–confirm–first–human–death–officially–caused–by–
gmos/) Inserting new genes into crops can cause the existing genes to react in unknown ways
changing the characteristics and quality of the product. (http://nwrage.org/content/10–reasons–
oppose–genetic–engineering ) Why people are opposed to the genetic modification of organisms
People believe that by inserting genes of another species into crops the taste and physical
characteristics will change/differ. Genetically modified crops cost a lot more to produce; more than
expected therefore some farmers are against it. There is an increased use of pesticides and
herbicides due to herbicide resistance in the genetically modified crops which is harmful to the
environment therefore people do not support GM crops. People believe that GM organisms are
unnatural and for that reason are unsafe. There has not been enough testing done on genetically
modified products to deem them completely safe therefore they are avoided. People believe that by
producing GMO's scientists are 'playing God' and that it is not morally

The Potential of Transgenic Organism
A Transgenic Organism is an organism that's genetic material has been transformed using a
technique called genetic engineering. This modification contains the mutation, insertion, or deletion
of genes. When there is an insertion of genes, they are most commonly from a different species, this
is known as horizontal gene transfer. Another way genes can be transferred is in nature, when
exogenous DNA (DNA originating outside an organism that has been introduced into the organism)
gets through the organisms cell membrane. When biologists do this artificially, they can either attach
the gene to a virus, insert the gene into the nucleus, or use an electric pulse.
Transgenic organisms are important to science because they have uses in biological and medical
research, production of pharmaceutical drugs, experimental medicine, and agriculture. In medical
applications, in cases of xenotransplantation (an operation in which an organ or tissue is transferred
from one animal to another of a different species), a transgenic pig could be able to give a donation
of the heart to a human. Transgenic animals such as cows can produce more nutritious milk for
human consumption which can help in diets or supplements. In agricultural applications, animals
could improve quality that they give with meat and milk, gain disease resistance, and breeding for
selective traits.
Current research on GMO's has been done through loss of function, gain of function, tracking
experiments, and expression

Genetically Modified Food : The United State Department Of...
As a scientist from the United State Department of Agriculture, I would recommend the adoption of
the GM corn being provided by the US. Genetically modified crops are a breakthrough technology
as they accelerate the breeding of crops and make crop production more efficient. I will like to
highlight the focus on the issue of safety of the GM corn. The 'anti–GM faction' has tried to suggest
that GM corn is not safe for human consumption, but I will prove that the GM corn is perfectly safe
for human consumption.
First, I would highlight the fact that the population of the world is increasing and the resources are
decreasing which puts us into a dire need of new ways to feed the growing population. The solution
to this problem is––Genetically Modified food.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines genetically modified organisms(GMO) as those
organisms in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur
naturally(WHO,2002). The GM corn which is being provided is engineered to express genes which
provide pest resistance(Bt corn) and herbicide resistant maize(Roundup Ready Corn).
The safety assessment process of the GM corn and GM food, in general, is very stringent. The
following are checked to assure the safety of the GM food (A.Cockburn,2002 and José L.
Domingo,2007):
Toxicity,
Allergenicity,
Nutritional and anti–nutritional effects
Gene transfer and stability of the inserted gene The principle of substantial equivalence is used to
determine

Pros And Cons Of Biotechnology
Martha Zenaidi
Ms. Serwin
English 103
16 August 2017
Ten Reasons Why Biotechnology Will Not Ensure Food Security, Protect the Environment and
Reduce Poverty in the Developing World
An article written by Miguel A. Altieri and Peter Rosset (1999) addresses certain potential issues
and misconceptions about biotechnology. For instance, this article suggests that biotechnology will
not ensure food security, protect the environment, and will not reduce poverty in the developing
world.
The article points out that there is no relationship between a hungry country and its population, and
that the world produces more food than ever before. The real cause of hunger is not the lack of food
but the lack of resources to buy it and the lack of land for people to grow their own food. New
improvements in biotechnology will not reduce hunger as the vast majority of improvements in
biotechnology have been created not because companies want to improve the agriculture or reduce
hunger, but because they want to make a profit. An example provided says that new biotechnical
innovations increase expenses per acre for seeds plus chemicals, which results in a lower return to
the growers – growers are spending more than what they making. Discount packages are offered by
biotechnology companies, but only when purchasing technology–packages.
Additionally, recent studies have shown that genetic engineered seeds do not increase the yield of
the crops. In 1998 a study conducted by the USDA

Cons Of Transgenic Animals
Selective breeding has been around for centuries to improve the flaws of animals. In recent years,
scientists have enhanced selective breeding into a whole new evolution of "transgenic" techniques
where the genetic information of another organism is inserted into their genome (Bemis & Jo 2011).
Despite the fact that transgenic animals are used to study diseases, there are some that argues that
transgenic animals are disrespecting the rights of animals. This essay will further outline the both
sides of transgenic animal with the question 'Should transgenic animal with human DNA be
permitted?'. The arguments for this includes animal used as a disease model, animal milk, animals'
rights and the side effect of xenotransplantation.
There ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
University of California, Davis claimed that they have seen promising results from infant pigs that
are fed with transgenic goats milk (ibid 2014). It is said that those pigs health improved after
consuming transgenic milk and no faults were found in transgenic goats offspring (ibid 2014).
In contrast with the benefits of transgenic animal, some argue that transgenic animal is exploiting
animal's rights. Animals had to live their life with pain and suffering from deformities and human
diseases as they are studied and experimented by breeding animals that consists disease (Animal
Liberation 2014). Kelsey Mosher, Pheonix Animal Liberation Squad member and Arizona State
University graduate of kinesiology said, "We're a group of individuals working towards the end of
exploitation of animals in every sense" (Armao M 2013). Later on, she added "It's wrong to submit
an individual, regardless of their race, gender, nationality or species, to an experiment without their
consent" (ibid 2013). She regarded that animals, although different species from us should be treated
the same.
For years, scientist have been trying to successfully conduct xenotransplantation, however it did not
show promising results. Animals such as primate and pigs are the common animals used in
xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation is where the organism of a transgenic animal with human
organism is transplanted into a human body. On October 26, 1984, xenotransplantation took

Transgenic Organisms in the Agricultural World Essay
What are transgenic organisms? How are they made? Are they safe? Are they a good source of
food? These are all questions that are asked about transgenic organisms. Through this paper we will
discuss these questions and give viable answers. We will look in detail into the role these organisms
play in today's society. Transgenic organisms are organisms that have been genetically modified
through the insertion of DNA from one organism into the genome of another organism (WiseGeek,
2011). In our case the organisms are agricultural plants that are being modified to produce a desired
phenotype. When these plants are fully developed they will exhibit the desired traits that were
inserted to improve the plant. When these organisms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some transgenic plants can be resistance to the herbicide roundup and those producing the proteins
Bt, which is Bacillus Thuringensis, which has a great potential to reduce the amount of land needed
for farming and to also reduce the use of chemical pesticides while reducing the incidence of
pesticide resistance. (Soderlund, 2010). Transgenic crops are cheap to buy so people will not have to
spend lots of money on buying foods. It is unlikely that transgenic plants pose any significant risk to
human and there is also no evidence to suggest that there is any additional risk from eating
transgenic crops. There is no evidence that has been found that foods made with the genetically
engineered crops now on the market are any less safe to eat than foods made with the same organic
crops. It actually gives us more nutrition and proteins then non transgenic crops. Although
transgenic seeds are more expensive then non transgenic seeds, farmers make a lot more profit in
selling transgenic crops then non transgenic crops. They also have a lot more produce from
transgenic crops then non transgenic crops. So, they benefit both ways; they get more crops, and
also make more money from using less seeds in transgenic crops, unlike non transgenic crops where
they would not make as much of a profit nor would they produce excess crops from using fewer
seeds. Transgenic crops have better taste and quality; they do not require high maintenance, and

Gmo 's Are Good Or Bad?
In our day in age, there is a heated debate around whether GMO 's are good or bad. For all of you
who are new to the issue like me, we all are seeking answers in order to make our own choices.
According to health and safety executive (2014), Genetic Modified Organisms are organisms, such
as animals, microorganisms and plants in which their genetic material has been altered to contain
segment of DNA from another organism. The newly implemented segment of DNA contains genes
that determine organism's particular function and form. As you might know, life started when
domestication of animals became our source of food for survival. As we evolved, there was a shift
to a society based on agriculture. The breeders started to take specific traits of interest from plants
and transfer it to another plant in a process known as true breeding. Now in this technological era,
we can directly alter the genetic sequence of a species in an efficient way that reduces time and
money. GMO 's have swept our industry and made the impossible become a possibility. For
example, according to health and science executive (2014), insulin, blood factors and growth
hormones used to be obtained from cows and humans that carried there own risks of transferring
diseases. But now, we can use GMO 's to generate food and medicine in a way that is safe and
valuable. GMO 's are a big part of our society, from eating rice, corn, and tomatoes to vaccinations
and medications. Are GMO 's more subject to pathogenic

Cons Of Genetic Engineering
Food, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and insect control are among a few of the different avenues of
Genetic Engineering (GE). One sad truth associated with genetic engineering is the lack of adequate
testing to assure the health and well–being of society and the environment. The companies that hold
the GE patents and our government seem to more concerned with profits, than that of human life
and the effects on the environment. In this day and age, illnesses and other forms of aliments of our
society are multiplying at alarming rates. Drug manufactures, in such a hurry to get their latest drugs
to market, little, if any, testing is being done to assure that the drugs themselves are safe for human
consumption. The risks of GE unknowns, far ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Any severe environmental stress such as drought and global warming can trigger unpredictable
changes to engineered crops. It is this combination of unpredictability and ignorance that led Dr.
Barry Commoner, one of our nation's most eminent biologists, to conclude: "The genetically
engineered crops now being grown represent a massive uncontrolled experiment whose outcome is
inherently unpredictable. The results could be catastrophic." (Commoner) Allergies are often
overlooked, especially when weighed against the potential benefits of a new drug. Yet they affect a
large number of people (about 2.5% of American adults and 6–8% of children, or 8 million in the
U.S.), and the incidence of allergies has been rising in recent years for unknown reasons. Reactions
are not limited to watery eyes; some experience intense itching and welts, others life–threatening
anaphylactic shock, which kills an estimated 150 Americans each year. If a plant–grown drug with
allergenic properties were to contaminate the food supply, unsuspecting individuals prone to
allergies would be unable to take any action to avoid consuming the contaminated food, with
potentially fatal consequences. People susceptible to food allergies, without proper labeling have no
knowledge of what they are actually consuming; therefore, they could possibly be endangering their
lives by eating foods that they are highly allergic to. The Federal Fair Packaging and Labeling Act
(1966), for

Transgenic Mice Essay
Transgenic Mice, Care and Handling Double transgenic mice express a chimeric mouse/human
amyloid precursor protein (Mo/HuAPP695swe) and a mutant human presenilin 1 (PS1–dE9) were
purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (004462, Bar Harbor, ME, USA). All animal treatments
were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tsinghua University. Mice had access to pre–
filtered sterile water and standard mouse chow and were housed under a reversed day–night rhythm
in accordance to local legislation on animal welfare. Cell Lines and Reagents A172 and U251 cell
lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and the
Chinese Academy of Sciences (Kunming, Yunan, China), respectively. Cell cultures were
maintained in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Transfection and selection was pursuant to previous description [40]. The empty vector served as
the negative control. For the EGFP–LC3 cell line, the pEGFP–LC3 overexpression plasmid was
previously prepared in our lab and used for cell transfection, followed by G418 (100 μg/ml)
selection. Transient Transfection Cells were transfected with the miR34a, an antisense miR34a
inhibitor (anti–miR34a), siSH3GL3 (5′–GUAAUGCAUUGAUAGAAGU–3′), siCTSB (5′–
AGAGAGUUAUGUUUACCGA–3′), siSH3GL2 (5′–GAACCAAGCUAGAUGAUGA–3′),
siSH3GL1 (5′–GCAAGGCGGUGACAGAAGU–3′), and siPPP1R18 (5′–
GCUCGAGAAUGGACACCCA–3′), using Lipofectamine LTX with Plus Reagent (Thermo Fisher
Scientific) according to the manufacture's recommendation. A scramble siRNA (5′–
UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT–3′) was used as negative control. 48 or 72 h after transfection,
cells were treated as indicated. Western Blot (WB) Cells were lysed with Laemmli buffer, and each
lysate sample was loaded into a polyacrylamide gel and separated by electrophoresis at 30 mA
following by transfer onto PVDF membranes (Millipore). Membranes were blocked for 1 h at room
temperature using 5 % skim milk in Tris–Buffered Saline with 0.1 % Tween–20 (TBST). WB
analysis was

Transgenic Pigs Pros And Cons
Transgenic pigs and other genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are a source of controversy in
the medical and agricultural worlds. For the most part, public opinion on the use of modified
animals for food is not positive. Many people question the ethics of inserting DNA into animal
embryos and others fear the effects editing DNA may have on animals (Delaney, 2010). Opponents
of GMO use tend to lack scientific data to support their arguments, citing sources such as CBS news
and the New York Times (Non–GMO Project, 2014). However, transgenic animals are not always
entirely stable, such as the first transgenic line of pigs, which was found to be unpredictable in
reproduction (Meidinger et al., 2013). Nevertheless, once ascertained, these concerns ... Show more
The CA line pigs fed a diet without P supplementation were capable of growing equivalently to the
non–transgenic pigs fed a diet with supplemental P, meaning that transgenic pigs are not hampered
by the transgene when it comes to growth performance. As farmers tend to prefer pigs that grow
well, this finding means that transgenic pigs can be considered as suitable replacements to the
conventional pig. In addition, because gain to feed ratios are similar between the two breeds,
farmers should be more tolerant of the modified pigs. The health of the CA pigs also appears to be
similar to the Yorkshire, as the blood serum P and alkaline phosphatase concentration are in range
for correct bone formation, though this was not tested. Most importantly, however, are the P
retention and output percentages of the CA pigs. Based on data from this study, transgenic pigs
excrete far less P (Meidinger et al., 2013), which in turn leads to lower P in manure runoff, a major
source of water pollution. With a lower P excretion without supplemental phytase, the transgenic pig
appears to be better for the environment than the Yorkshire. The phytase secretion in the saliva of
the CA pigs, therefore, appears to be sufficient for P digestion. Additionally, the phytase secretion
seems to aid in the utilization of macrominerals, which may limit ammonia emissions from the pigs,
another environmental benefit (Meidinger et al., 2013). Consequently, the Enviropig appears to be a
suitable strategy in managing the environmental effects of swine production, aside from the possible
denitrification of soil (Yang et al., 2008). In order to be entirely certain the transgenic pig is
advantageous in reducing environmental impact, studies must be done to weigh the benefits and
detriments. In addition, the public must also accept the

Argumentative Essay On Transgenic Cats
Despite the societal discord that exists around the ethics of genetic modification, certain genetically
modified organisms (GMOs) undoubtedly offer incredible opportunities for the advancement of
medicine. In particular, transgenic domestic cats have contributed to the generation of biomedical
models of human diseases over the past several years. What have come to be known as "glow–in–
the–dark cats" are actually cats whose somatic cells have been injected with fluorescent proteins via
transgenesis. Efficient techniques are indeed needed for introducing transgenes into a living
organism so that it will express a certain new trait and subsequently transmit that trait to its
offspring. The introduction of exogenous genes into living organisms has the potential to treat, cure,
and prevent diseases because it allows for the manipulation of the organism's genomic structure.

Transgenic Plants And Its Effects Essay
A few years back, the idea of utilizing Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector to make transgenic
plants was seen as a prospect and a "wish." Today, numerous agronomically and horticulturally vital
species are routinely changed utilizing this bacterium, and the rundown of species that is defenseless
to Agrobacterium interceded change appears to develop day by day.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram–negative rod shaped microscopic bacteria firmly identified
with nitrogen–fixing microorganisms which abide at root knobs in vegetables. Not at all like most
other soil–staying microscopic organisms, it is pathogenic and contaminates the bases of plants to
bring about Crown Gall Disease. In the wild A. tumefaciens targets dicots, and causes economical
harm to plants like, walnuts, tomatoes and roses. Different remediation strategies, including usage of
a strain of firmly related microscopic organisms (Agrobacterium radiobacter) control and restrict its
harm, however it is likewise valuable as a genetic designing instrument in plants. It is well known
for exploiting its host by infusing a section of DNA from its Ti (tumor inciting) plasmid into its host,
bringing about the plant to discharge opines that the microbes use as a vitality source. In recent
times researchers have abused thie capacity of this microscopic organism to place DNA into its host
to make transgenic plants. A. tumefaciens have risen as a vital sub–atomic device for controlling
plants and making hereditarily

The 's Health And The General Economy
In Swaziland, agriculture plays a huge role in all of the individuals' lives. Over 2/3 of my country's
population work on small farms that grow corn; corn is the dominant in my country. According to
Hanran (2000), over 20 million individuals from six other nations, including 270,000 individuals of
my own have been affected by the devastating famine. As the King of Swaziland, it is my
responsibility to find a solution to the famine my country is currently experiencing. The genetically
modified (GM) corn that the United States are offering to my country are a short term solution that
will help feed the population and save the lives of many. Although GM foods may have several
disadvantages, it has many benefits to one's health and the general ... Show more content on
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261). Outcrossing from GM plants to local crops have an indirect effect on food safety and security.
By adopting strategies such as an explicit separation of the field within GM crops and local crops
that are grown or using greenhouses can decrease the probability of genes migrating to conventional
crops. In contribution to the contamination of my local crops, I feared that once the drought and the
famine ended, my export with the European Nation will be jeopardized. If the possibility of having a
contamination caused by the GM crops planted by several farmers, such a transfer will disrupt my
trade and cause me to lose my export markets in the European nation. According to Taylor and Tick
(2001), an increasing number of crops that are lawfully grown and sold in the country cannot be
lawfully sold in some foreign markets. When questioning the European Nation about the possibility
of exporting such crops, the nation decided that they will not accept GM crops for any reason.
Fortunately, if I do accept the United States substantial offer, and I lose my export trade with the
European nation, the United States offered a trade with them, which indeed creates a significant
investment in my country and it generates several jobs to the population. As the king of Swaziland,
it is my responsibility to determine if the chemicals added into the GM corn that my people will
consume during this lamenting period will not be harmful to the

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