1. GRAMMAR BOOK
Spanish 3
Kipa Norton

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
g. 3- Por and Para
g. 8- Possessive Adj.&Pronouns
g. 9- Commands
g. 10- Present subjunctive
g. 11- Verbs of Will & Influence
g. 12- Subjunctive With Verbs of Emotion
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3. POR AND PARA
oth por and para mean for, but they are not interchangeable. Study their uses in the
charts.
or is like going through
ara is going towards something
ara is usually used right before an infinitive
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4. USES OF POR
otion or a general location
uration of an action
bject of a search
eans by which something is done (by, by way of, by means of)
xchange or substitution
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5. CONT.
or is used in several idiomatic expressions
hen giving an exact time, de is used instead of por before la manana, la tarde, and la
noche
legue a las diez de la noche (I arrived at 10 pm)
e gusta estudiar por la noche (I like to study during the night)
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6. PARA
estination
eadline or a specific time in the future
urpose or goal (+infinitive)
urpose + (noun/verb)
he recipient of something (for)
omparisons or opinions (for, considering)
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7. POR AND PARA
ften, either por or para can be used in a sentence. The meaning of the
sentence changes, depneding on which one is used
amine por el parque Camine para el parque
I walked
through the park
I walked to (toward) the park.
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8. POSSESSIVE ADJ.&PRONOUNS
Mi(s)
Nuestro
Tu(s)
Vuestro
Su(s)
Su(s)
Long Form-Singular
Mío(a)
Nuesto(a)
Tuyo(a)
Vuestro(a)
Suyo(a)
Suyo(a)
Plural
Míos(as)
Nuestros(as)
Tuyos(as)
Vuestros(as)
Suyos(as)
Suyos(as)
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9. LOS MANDATOS
Tú-Simply drop the ‘s’
Los irregulares- di, haz,
pon, sal, sé, ten, ven
Tù- put it in ‘yo’ form
and change to opposite
vowel, and add an ‘s’
Los irregularesTVDISHES
Ud./Uds.- put it in ‘yo’ form
and change to opposite vowel
DOP+IOP+’se’ can
attach to an
affirmative
DOP+IOP+’se’ must
go before the
negative command
los irregulares- TVDISHES
Ud./Uds.-same as
above
Los irregularesTVDISHES
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10. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
1. Put the verb in the yo form
2. Drop the o ending
3. Add endings
Ar verbs
Er/Ir verbs
E
A
Es
As
E
A
Emos
Amos
Éis
Áis
En
An
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11. SUBJUNCTIVES WITH VERBS OF WILL
AND INFLUENCE
Verbs of Will & Influence
Sugerir(
e-ie)- to
suggest
Rogar(oue)- to beg,
to plead
Recomendar
(e-ie)- to
recommand
Aconsejar
-to advise
Importarto be
important
Insistir
Verbs of Will
(en)- to
& Influence
insist
Prohibir
- to
prohibit
Mandarto order
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12. SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF
EMOTION
legrarse (de)- To be happy
sperar- To hope, to wish
entir (e-ie)- To be sorry, to regret
oprender- To surprise
emer- To surprise
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13. DOUBT, DISBELIEF AND
DENIAL
udar- to doubt
egar (e-ie)- to deny
s imposible – it’s impossible
s improbable- it’s improbable
o es cierto- it’s not true, it’s not certain
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14. IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS
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15. CONJUNCTIONS
- sin que (without)
- para que (so that)
- a fin de que ( so that)
- antes de que (before)
-a menos que (unless)
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