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Events Of The French Revolution
1. Events of the French Revolution
Events of the French Revolution
(Page 546–561)
I.Background to the Revolution
–1789: Beginning of the French Revolution
–FR tried to create new political and social order
–Population of 27 million was divided into 3 estates –1st estate: ––130,000 people ––Owned 10% of land ––Exempt from taille –2nd estate: ––350,000
people –Owned 25%–30% of land –Held many leading positions of military, government, law courts, and church offices –Exempt from taille –3rd
estate: ––Commoners –Majority of French population –Peasants made up 75–80% of third estate –Owned 35–40% of land –Consisted of craftspeople,
shopkeepers, and other wage earners –bourgeoisie was 8% of population or 2.3 million people; 20–25% of the land
–1787–1788: Bad harvests ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Move to Radicalism
–Georges Danton led the Paris Communes and sought revenge on people who aided the king
–Jean–Paul Marat published "Friend of the People."
–September 1792: National Convention began its sessions– Acted as ruling body of France
–Convention : Lawyers, Professionals, property owners. 2/3 were under 45 years
–September 21: National Convention was to abolish the monarchy and establish the Frech Republic
–Convention members split into factions–Most important factions were Girondins and the Mountain (Both part of the Jacobin club) (they disputed)
–The Mountain won in 1793 when it convinced the National Convention to pass a decree allowing Louis XVI's death
–January 21, 1793: Louis XVI was beheaded on the guillotine
–Within Paris, National Convention did not rule all. French peasants would refuse to accept authority of National Convention
–Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic took arms against France
–1793 (spring): Coalition was poised for an invasion of France
–National Convention gave broad powers to Committee of Public Safety (committee of 12)–Dominated by Georges Danton, then Maximilien
Robespierre
IV.TheReign of Terrorto the Directory
2. –During 1793–1794: The Committee acted to defend France from foreign and domestic threats
–Reign of Terror: Revolutionary courts were set up to presecute
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4. Was The Reign Of Terror Justified?
Existing in France between the years of 1793 and 1794, The Reign of Terror, was a course of brutality, bloodshed, and clash. The Reign of Terror
began as a response to the French Revolution to ensure it would succeed against the counterrevolutionaries. The majority of the French people were in
awful states before the revolution, and wanted France to be a republic. This confirms that the rationality of the Reign of Terrorbecause they were
successful in defeating the counterrevolutionaries, and the beliefs of the French were supported. Seeing as how France continued to be a republic with
improved lives for the citizens the long term affect was constructive for the country. Hence, the extreme year that was the Reign of Terror is justified
because
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5. Robespierre And The Sans Culottes Declared Essay
The month of September would be remembered as one of the bloodiest months in French history, in particular, September 5, 1793. On this day,
Robespierre and the Sans Culottes declared "terror is the order of the day." These words would begin a period of violence where the "enemies of
the Revolution" were executed en masse. Between 1793 and 1794, thousands of French citizens were imprisoned and hundreds were killed by a
group called the Committee of Public Safety. They claimed they were acting in the best interest of the people, but were, in fact, acting in the interest
of wiping out their political adversaries. The head of this "committee" was political leader Maximilien Robespierre. He was referred to as "the
incorruptible" by his peers because of his unwavering commitment to the Revolution. By the end of this period however, he would fall victim to his
own committee. This would be the end of The Terror. The Terror cannot be isolated as a great event of theFrench Revolution without first examining
the events that lead to it. The flight of King Louis XVI and his family, the eventual execution of the king and Marie Antoinette, the purge of the
Girodins as a political group, and the assassination of radical journalist, Jean–Paul Marat, are a few of the significant events that lead to terror being
called the order of the day. Although there are many other significant events throughout the French Revolution, the aforementioned occurrences are key
in what led to the
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6. The French Revolution: The Most Tragic Events In World...
I consider the French Revolution to be one of the most tragic events in world history. There were countless people like in the September massacre that
had undeservedly died because of prejudice and accusation. Later on, many more deaths were being caused by a killing device called the guillotine
which was mostly used during the reign of terror. I find it really sad that many situations in the past believes that the only solution is violence and terror.
The reign of terror was the time where France was governed By a man name Maximillius Robespierre. He can be considered As a radical, jacobins
leader, and also as a dictator. Robespierre had a goal of defeating anyone who were against the revolution but to be specific, anyone who challenges his
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7. The Causes Of Punishment In France : The Reign Of Terror
The screams and spirits weeped inside the walls of Versaille while the queen herself, Marie Antoinette lays on her freshly washed out white covers
in sorrow. Baskets full with several heads, countless corpses, and terror, roamed the streets of France. France was in steep debt with a very high
amount of starving poor civilians throughout the lowlife of the town. In addition, Louis created a severely unfair tax system by allowing only the
peasants and lower class to pay taxes while the 3% of the upper class did not pay at all. The majority of France began to become angry and rebelled. A
man named Maximilien Robespierre was a chief prosecutor who helped France turn on Louis and had him executed. Louis' execution on January 21,
1793 was start of a 19 month period known as "The Reign of Terror" led by Maximilien. The Reign of Terror was not justified because the lack of
rights given to the people, the amount of deaths, and the abstraction of power.
The rights of the people were completely taken away from them during the Reign of Terror. If a citizen was accused of crime or misbehavior, they
were sent straight to jail or executed by the guillotine. The main form of punishment during this time was the guillotine said to be the most "Humane"
form of death (Document A). The right to trial was taken away from everybody. Also, the government shutdown Catholic Churches resulting in many
people not being able to practice their religion.
Even so, the French government representative
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8. Reign Of Terror DBQ
The Reign of Terror lasted from September 1793 until Robespierre was executed in 1794. The Reign of Terror's main purpose was to protect France
from foreign enemies and eliminate counterrevolutionaries. People who disagreed with the revolution were executed in town square in front of the
town's people. During the Reign of Terror, about 40,000 people were murdered or executed. Was this method of protecting France from external and
internal enemies reasonable? The Reign of Terror was not justified because the external affairs were small, the internal affairs were not serious, and the
methods of the Terror were too extreme.
Since the external affairs against France were small, the Reign of Terror was not justified. During the revolution, Austria... Show more content on
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The internal threats against France were minimal because when someone did disagree with the revolution they were punished and more than likely,
executed. When these executions took place, people would see what would happen to them if they acted the same way. This shows that there was not
many people that rebelled against the government; however, people still did, which is one of the reasons the number executions and murders was so
high. People had a right to be angry with the government, nevertheless. Many citizens of France were drafted to the levee en masse, the military draft
during the revolution. (Document C) They were very mad about this because they were forced to fight even if they didn't agree with the method
France was using to protect itself from internal and external threats. In Document D, a local government official from Western Europe sends a letter to
the National Convention asking for more soldiers because the 3,000 men army wasn't enough. In the letter, the official says that the men sent by the
government have failed to stop the "rabble". Adding to the many reasons the Reign of Terror was unjustifiable, this leads to the official asking if he can
kill the men for not doing their job. Killing nearly 3,000 men because they cannot stop the multitude of soldiers is greatly insensitive. Robespierre
overreacted when he believed that the internal threats were serious, because on the contrary, they made little
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9. Robespierre, The French Revolution And The Symbol Of Evil...
Those people of the past that are studied as "historical figures" – major and minor – make up a virtually insignificant portion of the people that have
inhabited the earth since the beginning of civilization. And yet to die without a memorable legacy is much more desirable a fate than to be
remembered with enduring hatred for what one accomplished and stood for during life. Certainly, there are many who deserve to be remembered with
spite – people whose beliefs and actions were unacceptable whether evaluated in a modern context or that of their own period. And yet still some are
hated for centuries, mainly due to having made powerful enemies while alive. Maximilien Robespierre, who is often regarded as the leading figure of
the French Revolution and the symbol of violent excess during that period, was one such person. Although the view of Robespierre within the
historical community has softened (to a certain degree), he remains a personification of evil in the public mind. For example, the first result of a
quick Google search for "most evil people" includes a list of 25 historical figures, with Robespierre at no. 17, ahead of others such as Adolf
Eichmann, Heinrich Himmler, and Osama bin Laden. While this website is by no means a scholarly source, it serves to underline the way in which
the average person views Robespierre in a grossly inaccurate fashion. The legacy that was created for Robespierre by political opponents who used
him as a scapegoat is not at all one that
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10. The Most Common Fear Children Have Growing Up
A great majority of society feared the monster under the bed or in the closet. Perhaps they were just afraid of the dark and the weird noises when
home alone. Those are common fears that children have growing up. What is fear? Does everyone have fear? Does fear control one's life? Can fear be
controlled? Fear is something everyone experiences in life. Fear is a part of life. According to the Oxford Dictionary, "fear is an unpleasant emotion
triggered by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat". Fear is experienced by everyone, and it is an
unavoidable emotion. Fear can be overwhelming, especially if someone contains a phobia that can disrupt the way they live. Fear is such a powerful
feeling. It ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is good for anyone because it can produce different results. Fear can also help make wise decisions such as where to live, what to do with our
money, how to raise our children, even what kind of car to drive and whether or not to drive it. Fear is something that is within everyone and fear
can have a positive aspect in a person's life. When fear is used in a positive way that is when it can become healthy. Healthy fear can trigger
different motivations. The fear of failure, rejection, or fear of loss can drive society to do whatever it takes to overcome those negativities. For
example, the fear of failing can motivate someone to become a hard worker and succeed. Although the fear of failure can be harmful but when it is
controlled and handled it can be positive and bring out great strengths in people. As long as the fear is not taking over someone's life it can be healthy
and positive. Psychology of Fear: New Research suggest, "fear can energize the adoption of achieving goals, and can be directly related to a number of
achievement outcomes, including self –regulated learning" (pg. 15). Fear is a learning process; we learn to get over our fears. Also we learn which
fears are realistic and dramatized. Recognizing and identifying fears can increase the healthiness of them. Fear can protect or cause awareness to
possible threat. It intensifies sensory awareness of everything so there can be a self–alarm to protect
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12. Essay On Why The Reign Of Terror Is Not Justified Dbq
The French Revolution began in 1789 as an attempt, by the revolutionaries, to form a new government that would give the people more liberty,
equality and value people's rights. Between 1793 and 1794 the government used extreme ways to achieve their goals. This period of time, led by
Robespierre, was called the reign of Terrorbecause between 20,000–40,000 french people were killed by the government forces. The Reign of Terror
was not justified for three reasons:The external and internal threat did not deserve it, they denied natural rights against people who opposed them and
the methods of the Terror were too extreme.
The external thread of foreign armies on French soil and the internal threat to the french revolutionary government , which ... Show more content on
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The National Assembly states that ignorance, neglect or contempt of the rights of man are the sole reason of public calamities and the corruption of the
government (Doc A).According to Article 2, the aim of [government] is the preservation of the natural rights of man. These are liberty,property and
security and resistance to oppression. However, Robespierre and Committee of Public safety violated Article 1,2,7,10. The government wanted to
dechristianize france, they severely punished or even executed people who spoke out against the government. They denied rights and liberty and they
prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control... they were hypocrites. In March 1793, the revolutionary tribunal was established. On April 6,1793, the
revolutionary government established the committee of Public Safety ( Document E) THe tribunal was developed to try crimes against the state.
Anyone could come under suspicion but just criticizing the government in small way could get a person in trouble with the Committee of Pf Public
safety. This did not justify these actions that the government took. There wasn't enough controls on the government to protect individual rights, the
Committee of Public safety was know for suspecting almost everyone.That is proven by the fact, 35,000 to 40,000 people executed by the commission
in the
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13. Justification of the Use of Terror: How it Ultimately Led...
The French Revolution is arguably the bloodiest period in French history, with men such as Maximilien Robespierre leading the country into a
situation of state sponsored terror. Originally being quite a liberal thinker inspired by the works of Rousseau, Robespierre quickly gained a
reputation for being a radical throughout the course of the Revolution, especially during the Terror. Early on terror was justified as a means to root
out foreign and domestic enemies of the Revolution, however; once the foreign threat had been taken care of it became increasingly difficult for
Robespierre to rationalize his use of terror to bring about a supposed Republic of Virtue. In his speech, the "Justification of the use of Terror" which he
presented to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So that leaves question as to how it was that Robespierre transformed from a man who believed in a government for the people to nearly becoming a
tyrant himself. To understand this, one must understand the circumstances which arose in France during the late eighteenth century that forced him to
take action. The driving problem throughout, however; was essentially the monarchy. The regime of Louis XVI could hardly be considered that of a
tyrant, but nevertheless his inability to properly govern his country led to frustration and anger among the people of France. Robespierre shared this
sentiment in his speech, stating that "a nation is truly corrupted when, having by degrees lost its character and its liberty, it passes from democracy
to aristocracy or to monarchy; that is the decrepitude and death of the body politic...." This also hints at Robespierre's earlier ideologies concerned
with Rousseau as he does make reference to the need for a nation to have a democratic system. Louis XVI was a failing king, and even long before the
National Convention had come into power much of France vowed to see the monarchy abolished. By 1791 it had become increasingly clear that Louis
was no longer fit to govern – a moment marked by his attempted flight to Varennes. This cost the king his credibility and he effectively 'died'
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15. French Revolution- Reign of Terror
AIMS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE MAIN REVOLUNTIONARY GROUPS DURING THE REIGN OF TERROR
1793–1794.
The period of the Reign of Terror, September 1793– July 1794, resulted in significant political and social changes in France. The National Convention
and Committee of Public Safety declared the law of suspects, 'terror' measures as acceptable and a necessary means for the government. The purpose
was to eradicate France of enemies of the revolution and to protect the country from foreign invaders. Over the course of nine months, seventeen
thousand people were guillotined. This set the course for change and continuity with the struggle for control between the interactions of groups in
France. The results that the Reign of Terrorhad on Europe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the months of terror society came to reflect more narrowly the ideology of those in power, that a man's status being dependant on his political
loyalty and his civic worth with the payment of taxes, service with the National guard, or his political involvement.
During the reign of terror, the Jacobins were also setting pathways for a better future for France. Robespierre influenced the Jacobins of what his
beliefs were and that any decisions would be reasonable for France during the reign of terror. The ideology of this group was for fairer rights of the
poorer people. Although there was much blood shed, outcomes from the reign of terror helped influence a belief that the nation was not a group of
royal subjects, but a society of equal citizens. During the reign of terror there were a number of policies that were created. This included the Jacobin's
education policy, which envisaged a system of free, compulsory education for all children between the ages of six to thirteen. The curriculum
emphasized patriotism and republic virtues, linguistic uniformity, and the simplification of formal French and also physical activity, all of which is
used in modern day France.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Forrest, A. 1995, The French Revolution, Blackwell Publishing, United
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16. How Did The Enlightenment Lead To The French Revolution
The Enlightenment was characterized by ideas of social, political, and economic change. Reason and education became the most valued quality among
man, replacing the importance of the church in all aspects of life. The Enlightenment had a major influence on the thinkers of the French Revolution. It
was this intellectual change that led to the desire for a new governmental system and liberty for all people. This want of liberty, equality, and fraternity
amongst the French people could not have been achieved without steep consequences. The practices used to achieve these goals were majorly flawed
and often violent. The Revolution was an exceedingly dark time in French History and it led to relatively few successful changes. Due to the horrors
of the Terror, the lack of unity among people, and the resulting rule of Napoleon Bonaparte, I... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From 1792 to 1794, the French Revolution was filled with violence and unrest. It was a time of ruthless war and humane treatment was a concept that
was simply not found. Peace was a major virtue during the Enlightenment, and, as Diderot said, "If reason governed men... we would never see them
inconsiderably surrender themselves to the fury of war" (Perry 76). However, under the Jacobin Regime, a strong, large army was formed to crush
foreign threats to the Revolution. Internal threats were dealt with through the establishment of the Reign of Terror. The solution to the crises in France
that was threatening the still developing revolution was more violence. The regime preferred to remove their problems by killing people. While
Enlightenment thinkers such as Ceasare Beccaria thought that, "No man can be called guilty before a judge has sentenced him," Jacobins executed
easily and quickly without any sort of formal trial (Perry 82). Anyone, despite innocence, could have been killed. Philosophers questioned the suffering
of innocents, but during the Terror, the mentality was that "Those who are merely under suspicion
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18. Significance Of The Terror In The French Revolution
Significance of the Terror in the French Revolution
"Let terror be the rule of the day," with these prophetic words uttered, unspeakable violence would soak the blood of France, shake the French
Revolution's foundation and challenge its principles of liberty and human freedom. The Terror, is believed to begin in 1793, with the election of French
revolutionary Maximillian Robespierre, to the Committee of Public Safety1
. It is purported that it originally started in 1789. The Terror was a unique historical phenomenon because it utilized brutal government sanctioned
violence against political opponents, used police surveillance, abolished the feudal system and absolutist monarchy, and suspended legal freedoms
created by the French Revolution.
Following the capture of the Bastille, the former Third Estate, became the National Assembly in
1789, it disintegrated the feudal system, established a constitutional monarchy and created the
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ensuring equal rights and protections to all male French citizens. In addition, in 1790, inspired by
Enlightenment ideas, revolutionaries established the Civil Constitution of the Clergy on July 12. This ultimately helped limit power that the Catholic
Church possessed in France and forced priests and other clergy to answer to the authority of the government2
. This caused many issues with government and civilians alike. In addition to these laws Louis XVI was forced to share power with the National
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19. Charles Dickens ' A Tale Of Two Cities
The French Revolution is frequently referred to as one of the bloodiest time periods in history, being branded as an event that would evidently spawn
ideals that were barely indulged in before and were built primarily on equality. The historical premise presented within Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities
introduces similarities between the Revolutionaries he created, and of the prominence of the French Revolution, as well as the Revolution itself;
however, its representation of figures as well as society in relation to the French Revolution is misleading and historically unsound. Dickens is one of
many to have stood for equality within his time, yet he demonized such a revolution in order to both enhance a storyline as well as to alert his
contemporaries of the dangerous path he felt would result from the social inequalities of his own time. Dickens is accurate to describe frequent arrests
due to the supposed siphoning of food from the peasantry, suspected Royalism and conspiracy of counter revolution; all of which were common and
often accurate allegations of the time. Dickens is also correct to illustrate the occasional cruel treatments upon the aristocracy from the revolting
classes. However, while many portrayals are truthful, Dickens often displays an inaccurate society in which society thirsts for nothing but bloodshed
and is headed by vicious revolutionaries that wish to fill out their own personal vendettas over the needs of the lower classes. Dickens writes in
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20. Napoleon Bonaparte Absolutism
Napoleon Bonaparte was a general of the French Army and seized political power of emperor following the French Revolution. Napoleon established
controversial ideas of government and oppressed citizens' rights, pondering modern historians, 'Is this man for the good or the bad? Napoleon's
hunger for more power led his armies to invade Europe. Napoleon was a tyrant because he sought absolute power over France and Europe. He did not
benefit the people in the countries he ruled. Bonaparte revived absolutism in France with complete control over the French government while he
fought rival european countries. In the late 1790s, a government body, called the Directory, began failing in France and could no longer hold power.
"The Directory was replaced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mary Wollstonecraft was an enlightened thinker who advanced women rights: women education equal to men and have women enter male dominated
jobs. Germaine de Stael describes Bonaparte's treatment to women:
I was the first woman Bonaparte exiled, but he soon banished many others of various opinions. Women could in no way further his political schemes,
and were less susceptible than men... took pleasure in saying offensive and vulgar things to them. (Stael 105)
Napoleon, like all leaders of the time, believed women were inferior and didn't deserve equal rights like men. When Bonaparte became emperor, women
began to realize their lives were restricted, and tried changing laws with protests and writing new constitutions that were later denied. Napoleon
established educational reforms allowing men, not women, to attend public schools called Lycees. They trained students for government position jobs.
Napoleon advanced men's rights, but went against Wollstonecraft's ideas of female education and job opportunities. In the justice system, Bonaparte
was the judge and law enforcer against anyone he disliked. Napoleon exiled journalist and writers publishing damaging truths of himself. "... he kept a
close eye on newspapers, ... commissioned paintings, statues and monuments to his own glory... Key to his style of propaganda was attaching
falsehood to truth"(Joffrin
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21. External Influences In Lord Of The Flies
External Influences and Their Effects on Children Fragile. Naive. Innocent. These are all characteristics of children. Adolescence is a time to develop
character, and learn valuable life lessons. However, when children do not have guidance from adults, these lessons are not learned. Lord of the Flies, by
William Golding focuses on children, and the effects isolation has on them. In the novel, a group of schoolboys are stranded on a desert island after
a plane crash. Shortly after, they elect a leader and attempt to survive. The boys are faced with many challenges, both internal and external. These
hardships and the lack of structure caused the boys to revert to savage behavior. At first, being on the island seems like all fun and games, however,
the boys come to realize the only beast was inside themselves. Golding's depiction of childhood being a time of tribulation and terror proves to readers
that without society to set rules in place, people will eventually regress and act savagely, because of lack of regulation, the pressure to conform, and
the selection of Jack as the new leader.
Children are fragile. Even though children start off innocent, the lack of regulation can shatter that. In Lord of the Flies, the absence of rules and
guidance dissolved the boys innocence and started their regression to savagery. The first incident where the boys face a lack of regulation is when the
protagonist, Ralph, stands on the terrace and removes his clothes shortly after the crash.
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23. Fatal Purity: Robespierre And The French Revolution
Fatal Purity: Robespierre and The French Revolution, by Ruth Scurr, was written in attempt to answer questions about Maximilien Robespierre. These
questions include, "At what point exactly did the lawyer from Arras begin to believe in the image that the Revolution reflected back to him? Why did
that image become so dangerously hypnotic, for him personally, for his contemporaries, and for posterity? And why is it so hard to break the spell, to
understand––perhaps imperfectly, but at least clearly––who Robespierre was and what he meant."(pg. 8) Ruth Scurr answers these questions
throughout her book. Ruth Scurr is is a writer, historian and literary critic. She is very qualified and attended St. Bernard's Convent, Slough; Oxford
University,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The book does not break new ground. This topic is fairly common and has been written by many other authors and historians. However, this book
does clarify Robespierre's views and actions during the Revolution. It goes into great depths explaining his decisions that he made. This book is a
historical biography based on Robespierre during the French Revolution era. I would recommend this book to anyone who is interested with history
and this time period and wants to learn more. I would not however recommend it to someone as an enjoyable read. Scurr definitely succeeded in her
purpose for writing this book. She wrote a lot of good educational content in her book and expanded the reader's' knowledge on this
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24. Reign of Terror Essay
Reign of Terror DBQ: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Terror as an instrument of the French Revolution. France was experience a great
amount of change in the summer of 1793, when the Jacobins succeeded the moderates in the National Convention. With the radical Jacobins in power,
the country was in tumult, and a Reign of Terror ensued due to a law of suspects that legalized local revolutionary committees. Because of this,
thousands of people were killed by guillotine or other methods. Throughout the summer of 1793, the radical Jacobins' control of the Committee of
Public Safety instituted the Terror which was advantageous in it's intended purpose, yet it was disadvantageous because of the enemies it created. The
main... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, a report to the government on public opinion states, "the majority of the citizens agreed in unanimously saying that tribunals act well, that
they acquit the innocent and punish the guilty" (document 7). However, this report was most likely made to favor the ideals of the government, so it is
most likely untrue. Simply put, the Terror was advantageous because it wiped out much of the opposition. Although they may have somewhat
succeeded in suppressing the opposing sentiment within France, the Revolutionary Army managed to establish more enemies to clash with later on.
Desmoulins in document 6 asked "Could you make a single man perish on the scaffold without making ten enemies for yourself from his family or his
friends". In Desmoulins's opinion, it is impossible to go about killing a man without creating enemies out of that man's affiliations in the process. Quite
simply, the Army's belief that they are moving towards a common good is negated by the sheer fact that they are murdering mass amounts of French
citizens. The public opinion of the matter includes "bitter complaints [are] already expressed numberless times" (document 10). This is a great
disadvantage because the Army established a mutual disdain for the revolutionary government. Without support of the government, it is rather difficult
to flourish. All in all, the Reign of Terror was successful in
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25. Causes Of Violence In The French Revolution Essay
How much violence is justified to achieve goals of a nation?
Throughout history, brave people have stood up for their country against oppressive regimes. These revolutions are often unique in not only how they
are led, but also the amount of bloodshed and damage to the country left behind. The French Revolution is often discussed by scholars because it is
not only one of the most important events of modern history, but it is also one of the most absurd. It is a perfect display of how power can damage
the values of individuals, no matter their intelligence or so–called "moral superiority". What started as an uprising of the commoners against the
monarchy who had dictated their lives of squalor ended up becoming a tense war. Former allies were pitted against each other, resulting in over sixteen
thousand deaths via guillotine. Even today, people still debate whether the end result, France gaining universal human rights and other benefits, justified
the violent means. The French Revolution was a result of the system of "Estates" instated by the monarchy leaving the common people, or Third
Estate, in terrible living conditions. The system was designed so that aristocrats, the clergy, and the monarch were guaranteed two–thirds of all votes in
their favour, meaning that commoners were left without a way to achieve change. The nobility lived in blissful ignorance, enjoying sumptuous feasts
and privileges such as the rights to hunt, wear swords, and own fiefs. Meanwhile,
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26. Maximilien Robespierre, Leader of the French Revolution
"Europe cannot conceive of life without Kings and nobles; and we cannot conceive of it with them. Europe is lavishing her blood to preserve her
chains, whereas we are lavishing ours to destroy them"(Maximilien Robespierre). For centuries upon centuries, the monarchal system had dominated
European life. The very nature of this method of rule incited rebellious feelings, as a definite imbalance of power was present. Understandably, people
under this system had risen against authority. The glorious nation of France was no exception. The eighteenth century brought about a great deal of
economic and social turmoil. By the end of this one hundred year period, rebellion had been talked about by many citizens for quite some time.
However,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The personal rebellions of Maximilien Robespierre took many forms, as did those of the French Revolution, but no specific act of rebellion is perhaps
best remembered by history or best associated with his hand than the execution of the oppressive Monarchy itself. The main problem in France at the
time of the French Revolution was money management. The monarchy was wasting funds on exorbitant palaces and individual pleasures. They also
invested a ton of money into the American Revolution, money that they had not yet gotten back. These managerial mishaps of the Monarchy
manifested themselves in such forms as utter and widespread destitution among the people, and starvation among the least fortunate of the country's
inhabitants. In some cases, the repair of the economy would have been trusted to the ruling classes to fix, but Robespierre, along with many others,
realized that nothing would change unless a change in leadership accompanied it. The feelings of many were embodied by this conclusion delivered by
Robespierre in the National Assembly: "It is with regret that I pronounce a fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous
citizens; Louis must die that the country may live"(Maximilien Robespierre). It so passed that French
(Mangan 4) citizen Louis Capet, (formerly known
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27. The Reign Of Terror: Was It Justified?
The Reign of Terror: Was it Justified? In 1789, the French Revolution began because of lack of food, money, and jobs in France and from influence
from the American revolution and the Age of Enlightenment. By 1793, the National Convention wrote the Republican Constitution and beheaded King
Louis XVI for treason by guillotine. Maximilien Robespierre took control of the National Convention and the country. He changed France with his
words but he eventually would be one of the last victims of the guillotine. No less than five years later, Napoleon took control and changed France to
an empire. During the Reign of Terrorthere was over 40,000 deaths by guillotine, which was considered to be a humane way of killing. Was the Reign
of Terror and all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From a timeline of the Reign of Terror, in 1789 the French country had an absolute monarchy. Then in 1792, the goal of having a Constitutional
Republic was completed (Document B). From 843 AD to 1792 France had a monarchy and the move from a monarchy to a republic was a huge
step in the right direction for France. The Reign of Terror was necessary to help the change become smoother because there was a strong
revolutionary government and had a humane way of keeping the government alive by killing some of the enemy "citizens". One of the leaders of
this revolutionary government was Maximilien Robespierre, he believed that the most effective way of governing, comes from the people. In 1794,
he made a Report of the Principles of Public Morality to the National Convention. His most powerful weapon, wasn't the guillotine, but his words. He
describes how one must finish fighting for liberty against tyranny to complete a revolution and to complete the goal of having a Constitutional
Republic. He also reports that the only citizens in a republic, are republicans, so the conspirators are no longer citizens, but enemies (Document G).
Some of these enemies are the nobility and the clergy, because they only wanted what was best for them and their social groups, not what was best for
the Republic. The fight against tyranny was not over till there were only republicans in the republic. The government leaders and courts made sure of
this by using the guillotine. By getting rid of their enemies, France had a Constitutional Republic after the Reign of Terror. This is justified because the
Constitutional Republic's leaders were making sure that they got rid of all the Republic's enemies and keeping their government safe, just like
countries want to do
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29. Charles Dickens ' A Tale Of Two Cities
The French Revolution is frequently referred to as one of the bloodiest time periods in history, being branded as an event that would evidently spawn
ideals that were barely indulged in before and were built primarily on equality. The historical premise presented within Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities
introduces similarities between the Revolutionaries he created, and of the prominence of the French Revolution, as well as the Revolution itself;
however, its representation of figures as well as society in relation to the French Revolution is misleading and historically unsound. Dickens is one of
many to have stood for equality within his time, yet he demonized such a revolution in order to both enhance a storyline as well as to alert his
contemporaries of the dangerous path he felt would result from the social inequalities of his own time. Dickens is accurate to describe frequent arrests
due to the supposed siphoning of food from the peasantry, suspected Royalism and conspiracy of counter revolution; all of which were common and
often accurate allegations of the time. Dickens is also correct to illustrate the occasional cruel treatments upon the aristocracy from the revolting
classes. However, while many portrayals are truthful, Dickens often displays an inaccurate society in which society thirsts for nothing but bloodshed
and is headed by vicious revolutionaries that wish to fill out their own personal vendettas over the needs of the lower classes. Dickens writes in
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30. The Life Strength and Legacy of Georges Jacques Danton
Georges Jacques Danton was born on October 28, 1759 in Arcis–sur–Aube, a department in north–central France. Danton was born into a bourgeois
family and his parents were expecting him to become a priest. But, Danton preferred the law, he had a good education in his native town at
Troyes, the commune and capital of the Aube Department. He later moved to Paris and being born a well public speaker, he rose in his
profession. By 1785, Danton was a well known, successful practitioner before the Parliament of Paris. In 1787, Danton married, purchased at
80,000 livres, a position as advocate of the Royal Council and soon, Danton was earning 25,000 livres a year. Danton was now beginning to be
called a forcible, eloquent speaker, a man of liberal tastes, he loved books, and was happy in the life he had. Noticing the Revolution approaching,
Danton, In 1787 said to his patron, M. de Barentin, "Moderate reforms are no longer possible; do you not see the avalanche soon to descend?" It is
said that Mirabeau sought Danton's claim as genius and attached him to himself. Danton didn't really take any important parts in the early
Revolutionary outbreaks. In 1790 Danton took a bigger part in the Revolution when he was threatened with arrest for protesting in violent terms against
Jean–Paul Marat arrest, a very important, well known being in the French Revolution. In June of the same year Danton becomes one of the founders of
the club of Cordielers, or Ultra–Jacobins. When autumn came, Danton
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32. The Roles of Women in France
French culture and society has evolved from many different aspects of French life. From the mastery of French cuisine to the meaning of French art,
the French have changed and evolved in many ways to produce a specific modern culture, the dignified culture of the French. One thing that parallels
the progress and continuation of French culture is the role of women throughout France. Compared to other nations, the role and rights of women in
France were confronted earlier and Women's suffrage was enacted earlier. The role of women in France, because of the early change in perception of
women, enabled France to develop faster and with less conflict than other competing nations.
Missing from the painting is Marat's murderer, Charlotte Corday. Corday was a tall, attractive and articulate 25–year–old who decided to travel all the
way from Normandy to Paris in order to strike an important political blow. A very big supporter of the moderate Girondin Party, Corday blamed Marat
for the Terror consuming the French Revolution, as faction warred against faction. While modeling herself after the heroes of antiquity whom she
studied in Plutarch, she had planned to murder Jean Marat, like Julius Caesar, publically at the National Convention floor. But, when illness forced
Marat to the confines of his bathtub due to his skin condition, Corday tracked him down to his apartment and won a private audience. This type of
bravery and commitment to stopping the terror would most likely to be
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33. The Storming Of The Bastille Research Paper
The storming of the Bastille on the 14 July 1789 saw the beginning of the French revolution when partisans of the Third Estate in France stormed the
infamous prison that symbolised everything that was wrong with the Monarchy. The event elicited a great number of reactions in British media and
press. The overall fervour surrounding the fall of the Bastille in Britain can be seen in the 'Bastille war' that occurred between minor theatres in
London who each put on their own representations of the storming of the famous prison merely weeks after the event took place. William Cowper,
writing on the Bastille had predicted the popular reaction in 1785 stating: "There's not and Englishman that would not leap/To hear that ye were fall'n at
last.'
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34. How Did The French Revolution Undermine Democracy?
Qianying Sui
Global 10D
1.23.16
PBA Essay: How did the French Revolution Undermine Democracy
Since 1789, increasing discontent for food shortage and dire living conditions in France triggered massive protests against the Old Regime. By
overthrowing Louis XVI and absolute monarchy, French citizens began to march toward democracy. However, the desire for participating in political
decisions became so radical that fueled by internal and external conflicts, people shifted away from the principles they drew up. To restore stability and
enforce laws, the government turned more centralized. Unlike what the revolution intended initially, its ending with Napoleon's dictatorship totally
resembled what it was like before. Such turmoil throughout the revolution merely undermined democracy despite its original aim to increase the public
voice in politics. The establishment of the National Assembly that integrated different classes of people into one government signifies the growing
public voice in political arena as citizens urged an end to hunger and unfair taxation system. Ever since King XVI summoned the Estates General to
tackle the problems of food shortage and economic crisis, the Third Estate, who represented every French except the clergies and the nobles, has been
constantly demanding for more voting rights to make people's hardship known to the king and the other two estates. They thus assembled lists of
grievances from citizens throughout France which called for a limit to
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35. The Symbols Of Louis In 'The Versace Incident'
Throughout our movie The Versace Incident, the character Robespierre maintains the same, pensive and collected attitude that the historical figure
was known for. The first scene of the movie shows Robespierre, along with other members of the Third Estate, working in an office setting. As Louis
comes in and steals food from the workers, and Robespierre tries to tell him that it is not his to take. This is symbolic of the monarchies increase in
the price of bread prior to the French Revolution, which lead to widespread starvation throughout the peasant class. In the scene where louis is
conversing with Robespierre, Danton, and members of the First and Second estates, Robespierre is the only one who speaks out for the rights of
the workers of the company. This is similar to how Robespierre openly opposed many of the king's policies prior, and instead was in favor of more
radical social reformations. The ending scene of our movie shows Robespierre, Louis, and their counterparts, discussing their actions, presumably after
they have all died. When Robespierre tells Louis that his fashion was too 1793, he is alluding to the execution of King Louis XVI. This shows how
Robespierre would have continued to believe that Louis brought the downfall of the French monarchy upon himself, even after his own death.
Robespierre and The French Revolution
Maximilien Robespierre, a radical Jacobin, during the time of the French Revolution, used his eloquent language and admirable physique to
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36. Essay On The Working Class In France During The French...
A various amount of societies appear prominent throughout the coarse of the modern world that developed methods to maintain a stable economy and
government and not provoke social disorder in their country. However some governments enforce several restrictions upon their society that restrict
access to basic freedoms such as food, water, freedom of speech, and guaranteed safety by the authorities. Both of these descriptions that pertain to
countries who struggle with adversities like this describe France during the French Revolution of 1848 as well as North Korea today. But although
France had already implemented a revolt against their authority figure, the progress for amending North Korea's society in this manner seems to be
prolonged. The appalling laws enforced by the leader, the completely fractured economy, and austere restrictions for the working class in both France in
1848 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the early 1840's it was clear that "most of his detractors had been suppressed, but discontent with his rule was growing". Additionally after February
and the June Days of the French Revolution of 1848, they established " The monarchy during the French Revolution of 1848" that "was established
after the overthrow of King Louis Philippe by a combination of burgeoisie and working class elements". Louis Philippe assumed that Although in
reality, he failed to recognize the economic degradation, social unrest, and perpetual hunger that appeared to be evident throughout France outside of
the upper class's daily life. In the end the revolution, despite all the terror and bloodshed occurring, it resulted in a second republic which ended with
the rise of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte to the French throne, which proves how the uprising against the current authority of one's country can often be
resolved with a positive outcome. All of these aspects that prospered during the implementation of the French Revolution, also tend to
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37. The Rise Of The Enlightenment
In the midst of darkness, the people of France saw a beacon of hope when the Enlightenment gave them a glimpse of how great their life could be.
The Enlightenment was a collection of ideas from various philosophers in Europe to question old views of society and use reason to create a better
society. The enlightenment ideas focused on the people and their needs, prompting for governments to protect people's basic rights to liberty, life, and
equality. France, at the time, was suffering under the weak leadership of King Louis XVI, which created turmoil in all of France. In addition, there was
bad blood between the three estates due to the fact that the top two estates held the most power despite only making up three percent of the population.
Fed up with the monarchy and the disparity between the different estates, the people of France joined together in a revolution to create a better country
that fulfilled their needs and demands. To achieve success, the people of France needed to stay true to their cause throughout the revolution and not
infringe the basic rights of others. The French Revolution hoped to change the political and social status of France through enlightened ideas but failed
to do so in every aspect. The French Revolution was influenced by John Locke's enlightened idea of creating a society where the decisions are made by
the people and not one authoritative leader, however they failed in achieving that goal. When the three Estates joined together to form the
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38. Napoleon: A Brilliant Leader
Napoleon the first was born 1769 to 1821 and in during his time I personally believe that Napoleon was a good, efficient and brilliant leader. He had
accomplished many aspects of a better France when he was at power. Napoleon had ended the french revolution, invaded Egypt, improved
administration and developed education in Paris.
Napoleon was at the age of 24 and was in Corsica when the French revolution occurred. The people revolted against the King of France and took
control of the country, plus a lot of the royal family were killed. Once Napoleon returned he allied himself with a group of the revolutionaries called
the Jacobins in which he received a position as an commander at the Siege of Toulon at 1793. The city was covered with British
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39. How Would You Identify How Do People Overcome A Barrier?
The purpose of identifying what a barrier is so people who do have them will understand what it is that is stopping them and how they can overcome
it. One example, could be procrastination, some people know they have it, but they probably don't have enough resources to understand that there are
ways to overcome it. What Could be done is trying to set a time when they should start on their work or have a to do list so they can check off
everything that they have to do so that they don't forget what work they need to be done.
Another barrier could be lack of self confidence if someone is not confident in themselves, they will not get anywhere because they don't believe they
can move forward and so that could be a big barrier because in order to move on you have to trust that you can do better to get to your goal. The book
identifies an obstacle as something that prevents someone from getting to a certain which I my word I explain it as something that's either ... Show more
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One way I could overcome procrastination is to have a planner that is "...an electronic calendar on your phone... (pg., 26). This will help because I
am always on my phone and It will notify me when I should be doing my homework, instead of me writing on a paper planner, and forget where I
put it and have to spend my time looking for it this will save me time and I will be able to actually catch up with all my work because I usually don't
like using a planner but an electronic one could fix that
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40. Analyze the events or factors that you believe were the...
Analyze the events or factors that you believe were the most significant causes of the Reign of Terror.
This essay peels through the layers of the remarkable years from 1789 through to 1794 to explore the catalysts of that period of the French Revolution
characterized by political repression and widespread violence known as la Terreur, or, TheReign of Terror. The French Revolution, which initially saw
an overthrow of the dictatorship of Louis XVI, was a period of time when France descended into a stage of political purges and indiscriminate martial
law where many innocent civilians were killed. This essay investigates the causes for this unfortunate turn in the trajectory of the revolution. These
causes are the storming of Bastille, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After overthrowing the monarchy there was a perception, fuelled by their opponents the Jacobins that the Girondins wished to halt the democratic
progress of the revolution now that they had achieved their own political goals.9 Evidence for this lies in the fact that the Girondins did not want King
Louis to be tried. The Jacobins, however, relying on the support of the fervent and militant Parisian laborers, the sans–culottes10, insisted upon this
though the Girondins tried to save the Kings life. This, combined with a growing perception that they were too vacillating slowly alienated from the
other major power brokers in the city. The key to the Girondins falling from power was their capacity to alienate the Parisian populace. Maximilian
Robespierre, a prominent Jacobin politician who had been in favor of more radical democratic reforms and was in sympathy with the sans–cullottes,
symbolizes the difference between the Girondin position and the more radical Jacobins. At the 1792 National Convention which met to agree on the
policy and legislative platforms of the government, Robespierre launched a passionate attack on the Girondins – 'You seemed to prefer power, and we
equality.' Robespierre went on to admonish the Girondins for their concern for policy and legality of commitment to the principles of the revolution.
Robespierre pointed out that liberty, under the old regime was illegal. 'Citizens' he said, 'do you want a revolution without a revolution?
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