Fall Of Communism Essay

Fall Of Communism Essay
v The fall of communism in Poland also inspired the fall of communism throughout Eastern Europe in 1989, in a period sometimes referred to as the
"Autumn of Nations" (a play on the Springtime of Nations used to describe the 1848 revolutions). Lech Walesa stated in an interview that he and the
Poles "lost many battles along the way, but [they] peacefully won the war" (qtd. in Morris). A similar, drawn–out process to defeat communism
occurred in other Eastern Bloc countries around this time. Pope John Paul II once said the following: "Freedom is not just something to have and to
use, it is something to be fought for. One must use freedom to build with it personal life as well as the life of the nation" (qtd. in Walesa). Other
nations in Eastern Europe followed this path, similar to Poland's, of fighting for freedom (Walesa). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Bulgaria and Romania, center–right parties became active on the political scene while reformed communists came into power ("Fall of
Communism"). Remarkably, only the events in Romania turned violent ("Fall of Communism"). Ten months after reforms began in Hungary, Hungary
adopted a new constitution which allowed a multi–party system as well as competition free elections ("Fall of Communism"). Additionally, the Berlin
Wall came down in 1989 ("Fall of Communism"). Furthermore, the once–untouchable Soviet Union fell largely as a result of the collapse of its
supporting communist nations. When Gorbachev decided to allow multi–party elections and create a Soviet presidency in 1990, the Soviet Union was
slowly democratized until the Communist control destabilized and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union ("The Collapse of the Soviet
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Poland : History, Politics, United States Partner
BACKGROUND PAPER
ON
POLAND: HISTORY, POLITICS, UNITED STATES PARTNER
1. Poland's past and present is both complex and lively. Located in the "heart of Europe," Poland has been conditioned by a history of foreign
aggression, stampeding empires and communism. Stemming from today's political scene, Poland has many attributes which make it an appealing
international partner. This paper addresses how Poland's history has shaped its current political domain and, in turn, how this domain contributes to the
interests of the United States (US).
2. The founding of Poland can be traced back to the myth of Lech, Czech and Rus, three brothers who went out hunting and ran into a white eagle
protecting its nest, positioned against the red rays of the sun. Lech took this as a positive sign and decided to settle there, naming the site Gniezno (in
polish: 'nest'). This settlement became Poland's first capital. Czech continued to travel west and Rus headed east, founding the Czech Republic and
Ukraine, respectively. Poland's roots date as far back as 966AD, when it became Christianized. Poland's modern history begins with the signing of the
Constitution on May 3, 1791, the world's second oldest constitution. Shortly after, Poland was partitioned amongst Austria, Prussia and Russia. In 1918,
Poland regained independence after 123 years of being non–existent on territorial maps. However, soon Poland was overtaken by the Germans and
Soviets during World War II and remained under Communist

Communism: The Year That Changed The World By Michael Meyer
Communism is a type of government where the state controls all property and its' ultimate goal is to create a classless society. In 1955, NATO
wanted to have control over West Germany and the Soviet Union saw this as a threat. The Soviet Union was under Stalin's' rule and responded with the
Warsaw Pact. Stalin wanted the world to become Communism, so he started this communist block which included Hungary, Poland, and Germany. The
Warsaw pact was signed and this officially ended World War 2. Considering the Allies were the winners they got to split up Germany. NATO took
control over West Berlin and communistSoviet Union took over East Berlin. Communist leaders oppressed the people of these countries and after three
decades they wanted change. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Soviet military had a presence in East Germany as well as Hungary, Poland and Czecksolovakia. In 1985, a new leader took over in the Soviet
Union, which caused many of these changes to take place. Mikhail Gorbachev paved the way for political reforms. He did not believe in the Brezhnev
Doctrine, which used military force in order to control its Communist agenda in the Communist bloc of countries. Instead, he wanted the Communist
leaders to gain the support of the people. Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika meaning restructuring and glasnost meaning transparency called
for people of these nations to reform. This meant that the Soviet Union had abandoned the policy of military intervention in support of communist
regimes. In August 1991, Gorbachev's struggle with the old political elite in the communist party, the armed forces, and the military–industrial complex
culminated. When the Soviets came to terms that the Iron Curtain was no longer the USSR and Gorbachev were over. Russia was one of the main
initiators of the break–up of the Soviet Union. Because the former Soviet countries received independence was something that Russia wanted itself.
On Christmas Day 1991, the Soviet flag flying over the Kremlin was lowered and replaced by the new Russian banner. The USSR officially ceased to
exist on 31 December. The Cold War was

The Cold War: The Rise Of Communism
Countries, such as Ukraine, remain to this day under heavy Russian influence because of their close geographical location, historical ties, and similar
cultures; on the other hand, countries, such as Poland, have been able to maintain complete independence because of the cultural, political, and
economic differences with Russia. Numerous factors, such as geopolitics and history, bolster the reasons behind these conclusions. Other factors, such
as culture and historical differences, affect the way the countries are associated with Russia. At the end of the Second World War, two superpowers
emerged – the USA and the USSR. These two superpowers drove the world into a "cold war", a war between two ideologies. When the Nazi regime
was crushed, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the nuclear arms and space "Race", the Soviet Union, lacking funding, was severely indebted. When Mikhail Gorbachev was elected as
president in 1990, he introduced the policies of Perestroika and Glasnost. Perestroika was intended to restructure the political and economic system
established by the communist party; elections were allowed to reflect western ideas. Glasnost allowed more rights and freedom to the Soviet citizens.
These economic reforms were aimed at restoring the failing economy of the Soviet Union. As a direct result of the introduction of these reforms,
Gorbachev faced internal conflicting political pressures. The lack of Perestroika's implementation severely crippled the Soviet economy. This failure
of the economy caused dislike and distrust of Gorbachev among citizens, resulting in a coup against Gorbachev led by radical reformists and

What Does The Phonograph Does For The Ear?
Do you know of any notable events that took place on August 31 throughout history? Five specific events took place in the span of two centuries that
historians noted across the years. Treaties and accords were signed, patents were made, and battles and incidents took place. August 31 was a
significant day in history that affected the lives of regular citizens and leaders alike throughout the world.
"I am experimenting upon an instrument what does for the Eye what the phonograph does for the Ear" (Thomas Edison, October 1888). Thomas
Edison wrote this quote in a journal as he was inventing the kinetoscope with Earle Dickson. On August 31, 1897, Edison patented his invention of the
kinetoscope, one of his 1093 patents in his lifetime. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, when word spread of a camera that could show short films in the late 1800s, inspiration spread throughout the world. French Louis and
Auguste Lumiere were incentivized by the kinetoscope and invented the cinematographe, a device that could project movie images to several
spectators. These advances in movie technology made by Edison and Dickson lead to the movie theaters and portable camcorders we have today.
Thomas Edison is a great example of how someone can change the world from just a single idea.
Another important event on August 31st was in 1980 when Polish shipyard workers decided to give their government a break and stop striking. They
initiated these strikes because of the unfair firing of Anna Walentynowicz and the rise in prices for necessities. The government raised the prices of
goods, such as water, food, clothing, and shelter, because of the lack of money they had. The strikes, which began in mid–August, 1980, were
performed for an increase in payment and a reinstatement of Anna Walentynowicz. Leader Lech Walesa and 17,000 other shipyard workers inspired
people throughout the nation, which lead to other strikes throughout Poland. Then, on August 17, 1980, the Interfactory Strike Committee (ISC)
submitted twenty–nine demands to stop these strikes. These demands included the right to strike, freedom of expression, the right to organize
independent trade unions, and release of

How Did The Pope's Return To Poland
Jack Kenny
Professor Eaton
Russian Revolutions
9 November 2015
The Slavic Pope's Return to Poland: An Analysis of language and common themes used by the pope to influence Poland
Introduction & Thesis: A Slavic Pope Stands behind the Iron Curtain
Bells tolled and Poles exclaimed as their native son, Karol Jozef Wojtyla, returned to his homeland on June 2, 1979 for the first time as Pope John
Paul II. Upon his arrival to OkД™cie, the location of the Warsaw Airport, Pope John Paul II knelt and kissed the ground of his beloved homeland.
Huge crowds of Poles lined the streets of Warsaw as Pope John Paul II moved to Victory Square to prepare for Mass. Many people could not believe
that such a hopeful figure had been permitted to come to Poland ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The will of the Polish people now led the state. The Polish people realized during Pope John Paul's first papal visit to Poland that the communist
state had legitimacy only through fear and propaganda. Many Poles came to this realization when following the television coverage of the papal
visit because the communist state covered the event as if the visit was only a small gathering. The communist officials covered the event in such a
way to control the public's reaction to the pope's visit, but the Poles in attendance realized the deception the communist officials were using in the
television coverage of the event. Pope John Paul's visit to Poland seemed prophetic to the Poles. They now had a world leader willing to oppose the
ills of their communist state. Pope John Paul expressed the positive outlook he had for the Polish people when he said, " I am asking all of you,
through the great Eucharistic prayer, that Christ will not cease to be for us an open book of life for the future, for our Polish future". Pope John Paul
invested in the Polish people and his language of love eventually broke through in the communist state of

Pope John Paul II's Influence on the Fall of Communism Essay
THESIS STATEMENT
Both the words and actions of Pope John Paul II were crucial to the downfall of communism in Germany as well as his native Poland.
PURPOSE STATEMENT This paper will discuss Pope John Paul II's role in the fall of communism in Germany and his native Poland through in depth
research and an analysis of biographical research.
INTRODUCTION Even as a child, people knew that Karol Wojtyla was destined for greatness. Even his mother bragged to all her neighbors that her
newborn son would grow into a great man. And that he did. He served as pope from 1978 until his death in 2005, a period of over twenty–six years.
He was the youngest pope of the Twentieth Century as well, elected at the age of fifty–eight. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Karol's battle against communism began during World War II, when he was forced to hide his faith from the cruel government. He did this in several
ways, including wearing his priestly garb without the collar and being called "Uncle" instead of "Father" in public. Karol was the kind of man who
wasn't afraid to put himself in danger in order to speak the truth. It is evident that "he tried to stand up for the dignity of man, even against the
seemingly overwhelming power of Communism" (Accattoli et al 30), which he did at his local university, preaching the message of Christianity to the
students and warning them of the evils of the communism and the atheism that went along with such a government. But this action was only one of
many early strides that Karol Wojtyla took against communism.
A POPE FOR THE PEOPLE
Pope John Paul II was a very bright and articulate child, burdened by the loss of many classmates to concentration camps. Drawing from his childhood
experiences later in life, the pope used his talent in linguistics to write several religious plays, including his first, David. These dramas portrayed
Christian views and beliefs in a simple and interesting manner. By acting out these plays, Christianity and questioning of the communist regime began
to spread throughout Poland. Unfortunately, the government retaliated by shutting down the theological studies at the university. But Pope John Paul
II wasn't about

Nonviolent Resistance Essay
Nonviolent resistance is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political
noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence. This type of action highlights the desires of an individual or group that feels
that something needs to change to improve the current condition of the resisting person or group. It is largely but wrongly taken as synonymous with
civil resistance. Each of these terms nonviolent resistance and "civil resistance has its distinct merits and also quite different connotations and
commitments.The modern form of non–violent resistance was popularised and proven to be effective by the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi in his
efforts to gain... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Current nonviolent resistance includes the Jeans Revolution in Belarus, the "Jasmine" Revolution in Tunisia, and the fight of the Cuban dissidents.
Many movements which promote philosophies of nonviolence or pacifism have pragmatically adopted the methods of nonviolent action as an effective
way to achieve social or political goals. They employ nonviolent resistance tactics such as: information warfare, picketing, marches, vigils, leafletting,
samizdat, magnitizdat, satyagraha, protest art, protest music and poetry, community education and consciousness raising, lobbying, tax resistance, civil
disobedience, boycotts or sanctions, legal/diplomatic wrestling, underground railroads, principled refusal of awards/honours, and general strikes.
Nonviolent action differs from pacifism by potentially being proactive and interventionist.A great deal of work has addressed the factors that lead to
violent mobilization, but less attention has been paid to understanding why disputes become violent or nonviolent, comparing these two as strategic
choices relative to conventional

A Brief Note On Poland 's Solidarity Movement
Poland's Solidarity Movement in 1989 The Cold War was a state of political hostility characterized by threats, propaganda and other measures short of
open warfare, as defined by Google Dictionary. These 1989 Cold War Revolutions largely impacted the world and for many regions, opened up an
opportunity to express a new perspective towards the challenges that were taking place throughout these countries. Poland, the Philippines, Chile, South
Africa, Ukraine and China were all apart of these non–violent overthrows of various dictatorships. Each region endured various types of discrimination
and exploitation throughout the Cold Wars end. Whether it was economic exploitation, political discrimination, or the violation of human and civil
rights, non–violent revolutions rose throughout Eastern Europe. The book, 1989 Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End, written by Padriac
Kenney, analyzes these overthrows and discusses the outcomes for each region. For Poland, more specifically, these non–violent strikes began when
they first came under the control of the Soviet Union in 1948. However, their resistance began in 1944, when the Soviet Union had just began liberating
Polish territory. Starting off with an armed resistance from 1944 to 1947 and ending with the Solidarity movement in 1989, Poland finally had control
of the government from the Communists. With a brutal start, Polish oppositionists realized there was a better, non–violent way to go. The rise of the
Solidarity

Describe The Causes And Effects Of European Imperialism
Despite a blistering cold war between east and west Europe in the 1950's, including the violent suppression of anti–communist protests in 1956
Hungary, the six founders of the ECSC reconvened in 1957 and signed the Treaty of Rome, which created the European Economic Community, or the
"Common Market". 1960–1969: A period of Economic Growth The 1960's are generally regarded as a fruitful period for the European economy. The
six EU nations agreed to stop charging custom duties when trading each other and agreed to joint control over food production, which resulted in a
surplus of agricultural produce. In May 1968, French students revolted and took a portion of Paris. Ten million workers soon joined the students, and a
general strike ensued. The so called "68 generation's" protests against capitalism, consumerism, traditional French institutions, and what they viewed as
American Imperialism led to an overhaul of French society and behavior still seen today. 1970–1979: A Growing Community and The First
Enlargement On January 1, 1973, Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom joined the EU, which at this point has nine members. The short
Arab–Israeli war of October 1973 resulted in a widespread energy and economic crisis in Europe. In 1974 and 1975, the Iberian Peninsula, the last
stronghold of right–wing dictatorships, joined the rest of democratic Western Europe as the Salazar regime was overthrown in Portugal and General
Franco of Spain died. The EU regional policy of the

Hitler 's Foreign Aims For The World War II Essay
Hitler's foreign aims were to have all German nationalists united under one nation. To get rid of the Treaty of Versailles, executed after the first world
war after they lost, which forced Germany to pay large reparations. Finally, to take over countries to the east of Germany for Lebensraum, or living
space for the Aryan race.
Hitler's conquest ambitions did not stop at the Germany of the 1914. In addition, his conquest ambitions expanded to conquering both the Eastern and
the WesternEurope.
Hitler's stages of expansion started in 1935 when Hitler formally went against the Treaty of Versailles. This allowed him to increase his military with
the goal of having an army of 500,000 men. In 1936 he moved his army into Rhineland effectively taking it over. Subsequently, Hitler established a
pact with Japan and then Japan and Italy made an alliance which helped Germany with their plans for expansion. In 1938 Hitler invaded Austria and
took over Vienna. Hitler then occupied Czechoslovakia. Finally, on September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland, which led to France and Britain
declaring war on Germany on September 2nd.
After World War II, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to divide Germany. This division allowed Russia to refuse to give Eastern Europe free
elections. The newly appointed U.S. President, Harry Truman, demanded that Stalin allow free elections, but his refusal led Truman to stop aiding the
Soviet Union, which started the Cold War between the

The History And Development Of Mohandas Gandhi
Gandhi once said "You must be the change you wish to see in the world." Despite the fact young Gandhi was surrounded by a world of violence, he
sought a development of peace among the people. Mohandas Gandhi possessed a foundation of leadership and strong beliefs that directed his
endeavors, he worked toward the ability to influence the people of India and worldwide with his perception on nonviolence, and in doing this gained a
strength in persevering through hardships. On October 2nd of 1869, Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India. He was a part of a wealthy
family in the Modh Bania subcaste of the Vaisya. Early years of Gandhi's life would be spent at the Inner Temple of London, training in law. First
employed as a nonviolent civil disobedience expatriate lawyer in South Africa, Gandhi would work for the struggle in civil rights. The origin and
development of Gandhi's beliefs and views on the world came from certain situations and experiences in his life. "On the train from the port of
Pretoria, Gandhi was kicked off for trying to sit in the first class compartment when a white passenger objected his presence" (Lewis). This was the
catalyst to Gandhi's influence. Only a week after being kicked off the train, Gandhi overcame his reticence and began public speaking at meetings and
would begin organizing his own. Devotion towards Gandhi's ideas on violence evolved soon after. "The development of Gandhian nonviolence was
owed to four forms of violence throughout his

Cold War and Its Effects Essay
The end of the cold war signified a new era of history that has changed the entire world. The face of Europe and Asia has changed dramatically. Vast
changes have been felt socially, politically, and especially economically. Also the effect the cold war had on foreign policy was paramount. The effect
of these changes is not only felt across the ocean but can be felt here in America. The goal of this paper is to define what thecold war specifically was,
and reflect upon the various choices throughout the world as a result of the end of the cold war.
The cold war was a period of time in which the United States was the world power in the western world. The Soviet Union (now Russia) was the
leading power in the eastern world. While ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes these decisions were not for the well being of other nations that depended on the Soviet Union for support. Nations like Hungary, Bulgaria,
and Poland were under Soviet control, but were officially still independent nations.
These extreme opposite viewpoints between the two superpowers caused immense tensions between the two nations and the world. The world was
split in two in terms of who to support and which way of life was better. At the height of the cold war in the 1980's, President Reagan had vowed to
outspend the Russians. I remember as a child Reagan coming on television and strategically showed the world how we were outspending the
Russians. I did not realize at the time the importance of this news conference because two years later the wall fell in Germany and many nations such
as Lithuania that were considered part of the USSR had been freed.
Outspending the Russians had consequences both good and bad on the economy here in America. The good thing is that up until black Monday stock
prices rose sharply, as the government was spending money subcontracting military applications to private firms such as Boeing, Lockheed, and even
investing in the latest computer technology at that time, which the Soviets just could not keep up with.
Interest rates were extremely high in the early part of the 1980's due to Reagan's foreign policy efforts to get rid of communism. The amount of interest
rates was
nowhere near

The Cold War : A New History
The Cold War lasted for forty years, from 1945 to 1985. Few historians took the time to address the events as they unfolded thus leaving most people
with little or no explanations of the development of the war. During this fearful period, nine presidents served Americans and each president thought
that the war carried a lot of dangers for forty five years. Accordingly, young Americans, Soviets and other citizens of the world require the services of a
scholar with extraordinary gifts to provide insight why nine cold war presidents and several other nations deployed vast resources against an empire
scrambled so clumsily in the end. With respect to this need and desire, the author of The Cold War: A New History presents an excellently documented
panoramic view of the Cold War with full illuminations and shrewd judgments that bring the four decades of United States–Soviet enmity to life for the
general readers.
The Thesis
In this book, Gaddis asserts that the cold war was both inevitable and necessary because the Soviet empire and its allies could not be rolled back but
had to be contained. At the end of the war, no country had physically or directly launched an attack on the other. Accordingly, the central thesis of the
book is that the Cold War brought an end to the use of military strength and ability as the defining characteristics of power as perceived five years
before the start of Cold War. For instance, Gaddis says, "What never happened, despite universal fears that it

Poland DBQ
Diego Lopez Liranzo
22 September 2014
AP European History
Form VI
Analyse the factors that contributed to the emergence of a workers' opposition movement in Communist Poland in the period 1956–1981.
After World War II, the official communist party dominated all aspects of Polish politics, which soon became an issue with not only the working class
of the country, but also the intellectual and educated Polish community. Between 1956 and 1981, there was an emergence of workers' opposition
against the communist party in Poland due to the blatant oppression and desperate living conditions of many of the Polish workers and their families.
Workers demanded rapid change in policy from the party because the workers believed the government had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Doc 4) The intellectual and party member support helped the workers' movement gain serious momentum. A major factor in the emergence of the
workers' opposition movement also was the support of the Catholic Church and the Pope specifically. In September of 1976, the bishops of the
Catholic Church in Poland called for the government and party to "fully respect civil rights and conduct a real dialogue with society" while also
demanding that they stop all repression of workers involved in the protests of June 1976. (Doc 5) The fierce and somewhat scolding tone in which the
demands are made show the Catholic Church's unwavering support for the Polish workers' opposition. It is not surprising, however, that a group of
Catholic bishops would demand better treatment for the Polish workers because, as members of the church, they would naturally be in favour of social
justice. The value of having the Catholic Church support the movement manifests itself in the fact that the Polish communist party begins to require all
teachers to tell students that the pope is "an enemy" and "dangerous" man who only wishes to charm the crowd. (Doc 7) This response to the pope's
support demonstrates that the party itself realised that the church could have tremendous impact on the turnout of the opposition. By the 1980s, a
coalition of independent trade unions, known as Solidarity, was established in Gdansk. The photograph of Lech Walesa and other

The Katyn Massacre
On April 10, 2010, an unforeseen tragedy struck the Polish nation. Their current president at the time, Lech Kaczynski, died in a plane crash along
with 95 other Polish officials. Up until this date, any country's president has never died as a result of a plane crash. Ironically, the members on the
plane were all traveling to the 70th anniversary of the Katyn Massacre which were a series of mass executions of Polish nationals in Katyn forest. This
event caused much bewilderment within the country causing many Poles to claim that this incident was done purposely by the Russian government.
Although evidence proves that the crash was an accident, due to its peculiar conditions and the human nature to come up with conspiracies, many Poles
were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The captain of this flight, Arkadiusz Protasiuk, had an increased workload potentially impairing his ability to focus primarily on his duty to fly the
plane due to the Russian's inability to provide the flight with a "Leaderman". Normally, radio communications are handled by another crew member
while a pilot flies. Smolensk airport, however, is not usually open for international flights and is not ICAO certified causing its air traffic controllers to
not be required to speak fluent English. In this case, all communication between Smolensk and the plane were to be carried out in Russian. Russian law
requires all international flights landing at military airports to have a Russian "Leaderman" who would be responsible for all of the communication
done in Russian. As Poland was requesting their flight in the middle of March, they asked for the service of a "Leaderman", but claim that Russia did
not reply to this request. According to a Polish article posted on Newsweek and the Final Report, Russia did offer the service, but Poland refused
claiming that their crew had

Communism And Marxist Ideologies And The Soviet Union
After World War II the Soviet Union led by Stalin maintained a strong presence and influence in Central and Eastern Europe, specifically, Poland
through the communist Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). In this paper I aim to address the reason why communism and Marxist ideologies were
unsuccessfully received in post war Poland. I will be arguing *that Marxism was made into a tool of oppression by the Soviet Union, and therefore
became illegitimate in itself. I intend on arguing this theory by investigating the goal of the Soviet Union. In addition to this I will identifying
instances where the Soviets and communist puppet parties in Poland had strayed from traditional Marxist ideologies. Finally I will recognize the
opposition groups and parties that had formed against the Soviet oppression and instillment of inequality. I will be focusing my paper around analysis
of traditional Marxist ideologies in comparison with post–war Stalinist ideologies which claimed to embody Marxist ideals through their implication
within the Soviet Union. By doing this I intend on proving to the reader that Soviet Marxism was a tool of oppression and inequality in eastern and
central Europe. The Soviet Union post World War II intended on expanding their political power viacommunism under a guise of spreading Marxist
thought; thus transforming Marxist ideology into "a tool of Soviet domination in Poland" (Aleksandrowicz, 101). They did this through the Polish
United Workers' Party (PZPR) a

poland history Essay
The Poles who were West Slavic people established Poland in the late 5th century. History was first written in the 10th century about Poland when the
Polish nation changed into Christianity in 966. Prince Mieszko I was the first ruler and his son, Boleslaw I, was the first king of Poland. This
established the Piast dynasty that lasted from 966 to 1370. During the Piast dynasty there where Piast kings with a lot of rivalries from nobility and
Bohemian and Germanic invasions that made Poland a very troubled country. The last king of the dynasty was Casimir III, crowned in 1333. He
extended Polish influence eastward to Lithuania and Russia. He acquired Pomerania from the Teutonic Knights and shifted borders between Poland
and Germany. During ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After Polish troops were driven out of Moscow in 1613, Russia became more powerful. After that Poland went into a time of war beginning in 1648,
Ukrainian, Cossacks, marauding Tartars, Turks, and Russians attacked Poland. The Swedes did the greatest damage. They conquered and laid to
waste almost the entire country in 1655. King John III Sobieski's victory over the Turks at Vienna in 1683 recovered some of Poland's power but he
couldn't stop the Russians and the further loss of the eastern territory. During the reign of Augustus II (ruled 1697–1733), who was the elector of
Saxony, Poland was involved in the Great Northern War, which mainly took place in Poland. The war of the Polish Succession was triggered when
Augustus III became the new king of Poland (Grolier).
Stanislaw II (ruled 1764–95), who was a puppet of Catherine II of Russia, was the last king of Poland. The Confederation of Bar (1768), a French
supported alliance of Polish nobles, was formed from the Anti–Russian feeling, but this was unable to prevent the dismemberment of Poland by Russia,
Prussia, and Austria. The constitution of May 3,1791 granted political rights to burghers and peasants. Tadeusz Kosciuszko's national insurrection of
1794 was defeated and followed by the partition of 1795. This marked the disappearance of Poland from the map of Europe (Grolier).
Poland reemerged when Napoleon I

John Lewis Gaddis 's The Cold War
John Lewis Gaddis, is a leading American Historian of the Cold War. He is the Professor of history at Yale University. He is already the author of
six books on the same subject. The Cold War: A New History, however, has been written on a less cosmic level. He has distilled a life time of
research into this short but comprehensive book. He has given new avenues to old controversies in worldly and stylish, yet direct and plain–spoken
manner. The book offers a lot of summaries to intricate historical issues and provides new avenues of thinking about conflict which arose out of
pre–emption and ended in the hope for the world.
The cold war in the author's account was both unavoidable and essential at the same time. The Soviet empire and its allies could not be pushed back
but they had to be restricted to move any further. The consequential confrontation lasted forty years. A lot of wealth, resources and time were exhausted
on nuclear weapons and the watchful new strategic thinking. To a certain extent this was the reason that there were no major wars, although there were
a number of intimidating confrontations. Eventually, thanks to greater resources, a better political and economic model, and the initiative of a few
good men–the right side was victorious. Since then, new theatres involving a lot of complications have arisen, but we can at least be grateful to have
said goodbye to that ever threatening conflict.
The author does not try to defend all his past judgments. In 1987 he

Collapse Of The Berlin Wall Research Paper
In 1950, during the years of the cold war East Berliners were over the confined lifestyle they were living. When thousands of East Germans dashed to
the democratic West the communist authorities decided to build the wall overnight on August 13, 1961 around West Berlin. This barrier was supposed
to keep western fascists from entering East Germany and weaken the communist state. With the termination of world war II, Germany had been split
into four zones controlled by France, Great Britain, USA, and the Soviet Union, resulting in the Potsdam agreement. It was the agreement between 3 of
the Allies of war II, UK, U. S., Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, for the military occupation and reconstruction of Germany. An arrangement that
didn't satisfy the military interests of the Soviets. Berlin was situated in the Soviet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It provided many people opportunities such as more business opportunities for Germany. It collapsed the soviet union and symbolized the end of the
cold war, increasing globalization. The capitalist West celebrated their superiority. It gestured an intense change in global affairs and the main
catalyst for rapid regime change across Eastern Europe. "The Cold War that followed World War II created a bipolar world, in which relations
between countries and contests for state power everywhere were subsumed by the binary conflict of a U.S.–led West versus a Soviet–dominated
East."(Tony Karon) Poland became an ally of the West and established strong ties with EU and NATO. NATO and alternative U.S.
–led alliances
currently realize themselves a part of a multipolar world with power centers and groupings each additional multitudinous and compound.The berlin
wall was more than a barrier it was a boundary between communism and capitalism. The fall of the berlin wall bestowed to the fall of the soviet Union
which stopped its developing domination of Eastern Europe, which affected the Arab

Iron Curtain
A major primary source that contributed a lot to the research of the Polish Solidarity Movement was Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" Speech. The
origin of this speech was it was created by Winston Churchill. Officially called the "Sinews of Peace", but usually called "The Iron Curtain" was given
on March 5th, 1949 . During this time Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of Britain, this plays a key role in the speech because he was a
prominent person during this time, making many respect and listen to him. The main purpose of this speech was because Winston Churchill wanted
everyone understand the geographical divide between the Western and Eastern Bloc. Winston Churchill created this speech because he wanted
everyone to be aware of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Soviet Union was in modern day Russia, and enforced the communistic beliefs. The Poland Trade Union did not believe in ways of the Soviet
Union, they became enraged with the new decisions made by the Soviet Union. First off,Wojciech Jaruzelski, was one of the many general that first
supported the communistic rule, but then as the revolts became too much to handle, he finally gave in and began to support the solidarity
movement.As ABC CLIO explains, Wojciech Jaruzelski started as a strict general for the Soviet Union. Slowly as the solidarity movement started to
become more serious and revolting more than usual, he decided to cave in and start to help the solidarity side.Without the help of Wojciech Jaruzelski
from the communist side caving in to help with the success of the Solidarity movement, Poland would not be able to achieve freedom from the Soviet
Union.Another Main contributor to the success of the movement was Lech Walesa. Lech walesa was a worker in the Trade Union who strongly
believed in anti communistic ways and wanted to advance workers rights. This brings him to the conclusion that he wanted to start a movement against
the new communistic ways. As eLibrary states in an article about Lech Walesa's life, it explains that he wants to rise up against the Soviet Union.
Because he feels so strongly about this that he gathers people to join his movement. The movement would have not been able to be completed without
Lech Walesa, because of his strong will and desire to free his country from being taken over.Both Generals from the Soviet Union, and leaders that
helped create the revolt against the communist side, contributed to the start of the Solidarity Movement, to reach freedom from the Soviet

The Formation Of Solidarity And The Emergence Of The Third...
The entire process of planning was thereby compromised since it no longer relied on rational calculation. As a consequence, enterprises frequented
ended up with surplus of resources, which they would either hoard or exchange for other materials. The inefficient planning practices characterized by
bargaining and hoarding led to what Katherine Verdery calls the economy of shortage (21). She notes that the shortages were relative when sufficient
resources existed but were misplaced or poorly allocated due to inefficient planning. Shortages were absolute when the economy was characterized by a
complete lack of resources due either to stagnating production or extensive exporting of materials. Both relative and absolute shortages were
widespread in the Soviet Bloc and Poland, in particular, contributing to the severe economic crisis that unfolded throughout the 1980s. The Formation
of Solidarity and the Emergence of the Third Way, 1980
–1982 Ever since Poland became officially incorporated into the Soviet Bloc and the PZPR
usurped power within the one–part political system, there were numerous instances of anti–communist opposition that invariably encountered
repression and persecution at the hands of the pro–Soviet government. In the context of the present discussion, however, the roots of concerted effort to
undermine or reform the state–regulated socialist economy can be traced back to the emergence of Solidarity, the first Polish trade union that was not
under a direct

Iron Curtain Speech Research Paper
The Cold War was the state of tension between democratic nations and the communist Soviet Union. There were two opposing groups in the group. The
United States and their allies formed NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Soviet Union and their allies formed the Warsaw Pact. The
NATO was formed to stop the progression of communism throughout countries and the Warsaw Pact wanted to take over countries to spread
communism. The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1992.
1940's
Hiroshima "A" Bomb – August 6, 1945
Before the First World War, German scientists James Franck and Gustav Hertz conducted experiments where they added electrons to Mercury atoms.
They traced the energy changes that the collision caused. That experiment led Nils Bohr to make a theory that an atom can absorb energy in precise
and definite amounts. After that experiment, many other scientists conducted research on radioactive methods to chemical problems and conducted
more experiments on how elements would react when elements ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Churchill using the term "Iron Curtain" was iconic. The term became a part of the vocabulary used when talking about Cold War. The speech was used
to confirm the relationship with Britain and the United States (forming an alliance). The speech was a warning of the danger that was the Soviet Union
and Communism. By giving the speech let the public know the dangers of the Soviet Union.
I think the "Iron Curtain" Speech speech was really interesting. I found myself to get lost while watching the video of the speech as I was getting
information about the topic. I think it was important for the speech to be given. I don't have any other solution for the speech because it didn't affect
anyone in a negative way (unlike the "A" Bomb). Overall, I enjoyed reading about the topic and how it set the beginning of the Cold War.
1960's Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – August 7,

Industrial Revolution: How The Wheel Revolutionized The World
A simple mechanical tool that revolves on an axle revolutionized the world. There is no re–inventing the wheel. The basic characteristics of the wheel
from the past compared to the wheels of the present hasn't been considerably altered. It still follows the same mechanical movement of a circular
object that revolves around an axle. Humans utilized the wheel by beginning with logs to move vast objects. As time progressed, wheels were used as
a part of a cart to carry resources along with animals. The wheel was then brought to use for war with cavalry. ("Evolution of the Wheel." All About
History. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Sept.2016.) Wheels are currently used everywhere in order the keep the technological world of our future to cycle
forward. 12,000 years ago, one of the earliest uses of the wheel was for pottery. The Mesopotamians would use wheels to create pots much more
efficiently. Once humans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the wheels that fueled the industrial revolution was the water wheel. Before the industrial revolution, manufacturing ran predominantly from
human and animals. The evolved version of the wheel provided a better way to increase manufacturing, business, and industrialization. ("Water and
Steam Power Industrial Revolution." Industrial Revolution. CB Media, 2010. Web.) The idea of fuel and energy from wheels inspired people to
create another revolutionary invention that transformed our world. The invention of the steam engine. Which eventually led towards the creation of
train. At around the same time period, one of the world's widely recognized vehicle has been invented because of the wheels. The bicycle. The bicycle
led the way to evolved transportation. The next vehicle that came was the motorbike. After that, our widely recognized four wheeled vehicle was
created. Soon after, the airplane was invented which provided a technological Pangaea for

The Struggle And The Triumph Summary
Continuing from The Way of Hope, Lech Walesa's second book, The Struggle and the Triumph: An Autobiography, tells the story of Poland's march
towards independence. From being an electrician, leading Poland's Solidarity movement, to being elected the President of the Polish Republic,
Walesa's opinions and emotions throughout his journey are contained in this book. Overall, Walesa's autobiography is an honorable read because it
provides an intimate view of what it was like living in Soviet controlled Poland. Moreover, the leader of the movement incorporates the two important
notions of Solidarity – religion and non–violence – in this autobiography. Through this, Walesa presents to his readers what helped to bring success to
the movement. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He describes Bronislaw Geremek, Adam Michnik, and Henryk Wujec as "the lifeblood of a new democracy" because Walesa knows that these
intelligent men will help to form a new, free Poland, and thus, a new government in power. The author furthermore illustrates how the Solidarity
movement is something of an interest around the world, especially to George Bush and Ronald Reagan. Walesa and the Solidarity movement get a
motivation boost when Bush and Reagan explain that the relationship between Poland and the United States will not normalize until Poland makes a
shift from totalitarianism to one of democracy. With this in writing, the readers are able to see how important the movement was not only for Poland,
but for other countries as well. Despite the fact that the government of Poland was 'against' the Poles and their movement, the readers are able to
witness the mass support from the abroad community. Furthermore, by mentioning the intelligent, patriotic Polish activists and Walesa's discussions
with important, international people in power, the book helps to depict Walesa's drive of creating a successful future for Poland. It is clear that
Walesa not only wants Solidarity to be legalized, but that he likewise has a plan for the future of Poland. He is looking and planning for Poland's long
term position and power, which greatly makes the readers supportive of the

The Cold War After Defeat For The Soviet Union Essay
Student number: 9648132
Word Count:
Assess the claim that the Cold War ended in defeat for the Soviet Union:
The Cold War's outcome defined the United States of America as the world's leading power after a period of proxy wars against the USSR. The two
nations employed opposing ideologies with different beliefs and policies, yet sharing the same aspirations for global influence. What ultimately toppled
the Soviet Union was the onset of globalization as its isolationist regime made it laborious for the nation to evolve. As Kofi Annan said it during
the 53rd DPI/NGO conference, "arguing against globalization is like arguing against the law of gravity". It can be inferred that the essence of
human nature is based on freedom and therefore people naturally seek liberty (Flew, 1991). Socialist policies were depriving Soviet citizens of (what
the west would consider) their basic needs such as freedom of speech or freedom to roam. The US accentuated the need for a freer world by
introducing the Marshall Plan and the Truman doctrine – compelling the world to follow suit. Indeed, the current global structure shows that most
nations, including former socialist countries, have adopted US–style free market policies and democratic elections. In addition, treaties such as NATO
were signed which united multiple countries yet weakened the Soviet Union, affecting its economy indirectly, eventually leading to its dissolution.
Both nation's policies centred around two principle

How Did The French Revolution Influence American Government
Greece (508 BC)
The Greeks developed a system of government based on the idea of "rule by the people". The origin of the word "democracy" came from the Greek
words "demos" (people) and "kratein" (rule). Discussions were held in public gatherings and decisions were made by consensus. Consensus was
possible due to the limited numbers involved. All male citizens were able to vote; women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from the democratic
process.
England (1215)
King John of England was forced into signing the Magna Carta. This charter greatly reduced the power he held as King of England. By signing this
document, he agreed to govern England and deal with its people according to the old English laws; therefore, ensured that King John will ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Parliament of 1295 was nothing like today. The Model Parliament, widely known as the first representative parliament, included clergy,
representatives of boroughs and counties. Edward I was the first king to call a parliament.
US (1787)
On September 17, 1787, the U.S. Constitution was signed by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. It established America's
national government and guaranteed certain rights for its citizens. Still, women and slaves were denied the right to vote.
France (1789–99)
The French Revolution had great impacts on France's government and society. The revolution introduced democratic ideals to France. King Louis XVI
lost power and was later executed. During this time, the French government had evolved from an absolute monarchy to a republic. This new form of
government was based on the rights of the people.
Finland (1906)
Finland was the world's first nation to grant full female suffrage. Women gained the right to vote and to stand for election.
India (1947)
Indian independence brought about great changes in the government of India. With the end of British Empire, India later became a republic and the

largest democracy in the

The Polish Of The Soviet Union
The Polish people had been taken advantage of, since before World War II, when the Nazi's invaded, took over, and then killed around 6 million Jews,
the majority of them having lived in Poland. After World War II, the Soviet Union seized the opportunity and took over.When the Soviet Union
suppressed labor unions to gain power, protests arose from the Polish workers, leading to Polish independence and the first elected Polish president.
Of the two sources evaluated, one was primary and one was secondary. Both looked at for origin, purpose, values, and limitations. In the primary
source: This newspaper article was originally written in Warsaw,Poland, and then transferred over to New York, and then published in the New York
Times. It was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Soviet Union was probably not happy about this piece because it was basically telling them to get out! The author is taking the Polish people 's
point of view. By knowing this, it probably shows that he/she lives in Poland, and doesn 't like/agree with how the Soviet Union is running the
Polish people/government. This article is biased towards the Polish people, and against the Soviet Union. This article leaves out many years of
history that came before it. It cannot be known how long the Soviet Union has been in Poland. Have they done any good/bad for the government?
One could verify the content in this piece by going to a New York Times archive and looking up the Newspaper for Wednesday, October 9, 1991
and then looking for page A8 then go all the way to the bottom of the right side and look for the article title: 'Soviet Union Agrees to Pull Out of
Poland '. In the secondary source: ABC Clio Solutions created this website. This document exists to inform people about Lech Walesa, the first Polish
President. The intended audience is students and educators around the world. One can tell, the author has done a good amount of research to write all
that they know about Lech Walesa. The author doesn 't have a particular side in this piece of writing. This piece is biased towards what he felt during his

Essay On Listening To The Past
Within this document, four "Listening to the Past" features will be discussed. These topics include A Solidarity Leader Speaks from Prison, Reyita
Castillo Bueno on Slavery and Freedom in Cuba, The Testimony of Young Mine Workers, and The Experience of War. It is easily recognized that
two topics relate to violence, while two include the enslaving of a certain people. The reason for this is best explained as possessing most of my
interest in the mistreating of others. I believe this is so, because I do not understand how humans can treat each other so poorly. Each feature catches
my attention in some way and I enjoy learning about them. A Solidarity Leader Speaks from Prison, found on page 1018 of chapter 32 is written about
Lech... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I find it a stimulating subject that is constructed of sadness. No other area of history has interested me more than slavery has. Again, I was not allowed
to gain access to the primary source of information. I would need to buy the book in which the information is found, to read more about Reyita
Castillo Bueno's original thoughts. For this reason, I cannot identify any missing facts, but this part of chapter 27 seems to be detailed enough to
help explain the, overall, main idea. The Testimony of Young Mine Workers is the third feature I will reflect on. This segment begins on page 706,
in chapter 23, and discusses the unfairness of child labor conditions. It states that when brought to the attention of humanitarians and of social
reformers, they demanded restrictions be applied. I am intrigued with child labor because I believe it was unbelievably cruel and I am thankful that
it does not exist in the manner that it did years ago. For the third time, I am instructed to buy the original book if I wish to view the source in which
the feature was taken. Without doing so, I unfortunately cannot compare it and the excerpt in search of lost information. From what I can read, in the
textbook, this topic allows for extra details that help support the chapter. Lastly, The Experience of War, on page 860 of chapter 28, reflects on the
traumatic facts of World War I. This excerpt includes two personal views of those who experienced this

The Polish Solidarity Party
Everyone has certain rights and with those rights come certain responsibilities which one
must fulfill in order to preserve his or her rights. Those involved in the Polish Solidarity
Party, which began as an independent labor union, had rights which they satisfied in order to
protect their rights and in doing so, they created a new and improved Poland. Previous to the
formation of the Solidarity Party, the Communist regime controlled Poland. Communism, based
on the ideas and teachings of Karl Marx, is a system in which everyone is seen as equal and
wealth is distributed equally among the people. The Cold War brought Communism, which was
wide–spread in Eastern Europe throughout the 20th century despite several attempts by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After some time
and after WojtyЕ‚a's hard work, the Communists issued a permit to allow a church; four years
later, they withdrew the permit. Despite the Communists, WojtyЕ‚a consecrated the church in
1977, one year prior to him becoming the Pope. Pope John Paul II had the right, as did the
citizens of Poland, to change Poland to what he believed was best for the people and took
responsibility for his actions and in doing so, he aided Poland in becoming a free and better

country. Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States of America, also had a great
impact on Poland in the Communist era. President Reagan made it known that America stood
with the Polish people and Lech Walesa. "Reagan imposed economic sanctions on the Polish
communist regime". In a letter to Pope John Paul II, Ronald Reagan wrote:
We call upon all free people to join in urging the Government of Poland to reestablish conditions that will make constructive negotiations and
compromise possible. Certainly, it will be impossible for us to continue trying to help Poland solve its economic problems while martial law is
imposed on the people of Poland, thousands are imprisoned, and the legal rights of free trade unions – previously granted by the government – are now
denied... Our nation was born in resistance to arbitrary power and has been repeatedly enriched by immigrants

PATCO Analysis
This analysis is an examination of existing scholarship on the topics of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) strike of 1981,
Poland's trade union SolidarnoЕ›Д‡'s strike of 1981, the Reagan administration's contradictory reaction to both. This analysis is restricted by the
author's language and geographical limitations, however this preliminary research aims to discover the depth of analysis on U.S. reactions to
SolidarnoЕ›Д‡. These thirteen sources, equally spanning the last thirty years, look at the issue of U.S. involvement in Poland in the 1980s and western
views of SolidarnoЕ›Д‡, therefore, this analysis will discuss the ways in which various academic disciplines have covered the Polish trade union
movement. These themes... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through interviews with PATCO workers, government officials, and archival sources, McCartin provides us with an objective view of the PATCO
strike events in the same way as Northrup. McCartin agrees with Northrup that the Reagan administration did make generous offers to PATCO which
were refused. While McCartin's ideas reflect those of Northrup, this book presents a view of the PATCO/government relationship thirty years after the
strikes and show developments and new insights that were not available to Northrup in 1983. Overall, McCartin says that the PATCO strike results
permanently altered the state of labor relations in the United States and put the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations
(AFL–CIO) in a position of

The Revolutionary Change Of Eastern Europe
The revolutionary change of Eastern Europe as a result of the Work of Mikhail Gorbachev
Jakub Stopa
History 349–01
12/4/2015
Throughout years of self proclaimed domination spanning from the time after the second world war, The Soviet Union entered the final stage of its'
existence after the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1985. The election of the new Soviet leader would
be the catalyst for change not only in the crumbling Soviet Union, but also in the rest of rebellious Eastern Europe. It was the beginning of a new era
and there was no more glorious revolution that occurred under Lenin or harsh dictatorship that was harbored by Stalin. Mikhail Gorbachev ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This attitude showed as Gorbachev rose through the ranks of the Politburo about 25 years younger than most of the other politicians. He was vibrant,
young, personable and always smiling which resembled characteristics of a western politician. In light of this Gorbachev still believed he was the
savior for the country and the communist system that he still believed in. According to Victor Sebestyen, "Mikhail Gorbachev was a communist
through and through. He did not seem then like the man who would do more than anybody else to destroy communism", signifying that Gorbachev
was not distancing himself from the communist label that was bestowed upon the Soviet Union. Simply put, Gorbachev wanted to challenge the
interpretation of communism as a system because he believed that the state of the Soviet Union did not reflect a true communist state in accordance
with Marx, which would inturn have an affect on Soviet relations with the west. The internal matters of the Soviet Union have always played a large
part in the way the Soviet government approached foreign relations. For example, the dwindling Soviet economy created a problem for the Soviet
bureaucracy when it came to the governing of states like Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary who were indirectly part of the empire. Although there
were many causes for the decline of the Soviet Economy, foreign relations with other states within the Warsaw Pact proved to be a significant cause.
The expansionist policies put in place

Cold War And Communism Essay
The collapse of both the Soviet Union and socialism was a ceremony, yet to others, it was a failure. To the everyday people who wanted rights to
express, to live their life independent, and to vote, this was a great accomplishment. To the individuals who were with the power, who did not oppose
to such policies, they remained oppressed by so a fall, especially communist bureaucrats. This large fall was the origin of the ending of the Cold War.
That was an ending to multiple catastrophic incidents that got a point during, before, and later the Cold War. There are many cases to why theSoviet
Union and socialism in East Europe fell. The three top reasons were, the first being the Soviet's economic decline from military spending, another being
Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost methods, and the three being some neighboring nations of the Soviet Union were quickly facing socialism and
taking fighting against their regime. All these matters slowly and eventually led to the crumbling of the Soviet Union and socialism in Eastern Europe.
The Cold War began as tension arose due to the political competence of communism versus democracy during the post–war ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These objectives changed the lives of many people. The lives of many Eastern Europeans was never pleasant during the Cold War, for it was regulated
and restricted by communists who were fixed on developing such a system throughout the world. The Soviet Union needed to reach an extent wherever
they were the only leaders and always in control. It is maybe due to this wish and wants that their policies and system, in the end, are lost. The Soviet's
economic decline due to military spending, Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost management, and the quick opposing of surrounding nations of the
Soviet Union toward their government were the primary causes of the death of communism in Eastern Europe and the dissolving of the Soviet

Solidarity Movement And Polish Revolution
On May 7th, 2011, United States President Barack Obama made a speech in which he asked the Arab Spring nations in transition to democracy to use
Poland as a role model . However, Central Europe and the Middle East are different linguistically, religiously, and historically. Was there any actual
basis for President Obama's comparison? Or was this speech another instance of a politician making a grand generalization to prove a point? Upon
further examination, both Poland's Solidarity movement and Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution acted as catalysts for democratization in their respective
regions. This is because they both started as economic movements, and then evolved into social movements, which became democratization attempts.
In addition, both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eventually, the workers themselves began to organize and publicly demand rights. The last group in Polish society who was responsible for achieving
success in the Solidarity movement was the religious sector. The religious support that the Solidarity movement possessed cannot be overlooked. On
the protestor's side, it's easy to fight for your rights when you know that God supports you. On the other hand, it's difficult for the government to fight
against a religious institution that has such powerful influence over the people. Pope John Paul II, originally a Polish citizen named Karol Wojtyla,
played a key role in not only broadcasting the Solidarity movement to the world, but also by giving the Solidarity movement a pseudo–divine right to
exist . In 1978, Karol Wojtyla was elected to be the first non–Italian pope since the 1500s . Thus began the attention that he drew not only from the
international Catholic community, but the international community in general. Furthermore, in his visit to Poland, he affirmed the Polish people's
right to organize themselves, and to protest against their mistreatment. In 1979, the year before Solidarity was officially formed, Pope John Paul II
visited his home country once again and gave speeches concerning civil rights in Poland. The International Center on Nonviolent Conflict states,
"During a pilgrimage that was broadcast on state TV and radio, the Pope spoke openly about human rights and the right to freedom of expression and
conscience" . CNN confirms this statement and adds to it, stating that the Pope's support was financial, as well. In discussing the fall of communism in
Poland, it claims, "It took time; it took the Pope's support from Rome––some of it financial; it took several more trips in 1983 and 1987. But the flame
was lit. It would smolder and flicker before it burned from one end of Poland

The Fall Of The Berlin Wall
The Year That Changed The World
In The Year That Changed The World tells the first hand experience of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. The main factor in the collapse of the wall was the
never ending fight of the individuals who had fallen under the communist state. Most of these individuals came together and fought in order to achieve
their goal of a non–communist state and German unification. The Cold War was the conflict between the Eastern bloc (Communist) against the
Western Bloc (Capitalist), the separation between them began to be known as the Iron Curtain. The Berlin Wall was physical representation of the
war for most people, a city divided into two. This important part of history led to the beginning of the Cold War period and the end. The fall of the
Berlin Wall made 1989 the year that changed the world. In The Year That Changed the World Meyer conveys that success is easily accomplished in
cooperation rather than separation.
"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" President Ronald Reagan's famous expression, when he last visited Berlin in 1987, as a clear call to bring the
Cold War to an end. According to the United States, we had won, so this side of history goes; because Ronald Reagan stood his ground against the
Soviet Union, America had toppled the communist empire. Michael Meyer, a reporter who was in Eastern Europe at the time for Newsweek, has a
different side.
Meyer creates a compelling report of the revolutions that occurred in Eastern Europe in the years

The Collapse of the Soviet Union Essay example
The Soviet Union, which was once a world superpower in the 19th century saw itself in chaos going into the 20th century. These chaoses were marked
by the new ideas brought in by the new leaders who had emerged eventually into power. Almost every aspect of the Soviet Union was crumbling at this
period both politically and socially, as well as the economy. There were underlying reasons for the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and
eventually Eastern Europe. The economy is the most significant aspect of every government. The soviet economy was highly centralized with a
"command economy" (p.1. fsmitha.com), which had been broken down due to its complexity and centrally controlled with corruption involved in it. A
strong government... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan just to see themselves as the big "Losers" of the war. The defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan was a
serious blow to the prestige of the Army, to national pride and faith in the soviet political leaders. The scars it left on many of the remaining soldiers
created social and political problems. A reform of the military was necessary. In the midst of all these turmoil, "there was also corruption and
inefficiency within the states bureaucracy" (p.3 smitha.com) and nothing seemed to get done. The soviet people and some Eastern European
countries were fed up of all these ongoing problems the Soviet Union was facing. The soviet people were fed up with the high communist party
which stood ground and dominated the entire soviet politics, as this was the only party in the states since Stalin's regime. The party had become rigid
and corrupt which discouraged younger party members who saw little chance of advancement. At this stage corruption was the order of the soviet
system of government which buoyed lack of commitment to the government. Moreover, while things were getting out of control in the Soviet Union,
one nation that can illustrate how the Soviet Union finally collapsed is Russia. Things were like as it is when Mikhail Gorbachev came to power
following the death of Konstantin Cherenko in 1985. Gorbachev used the policy of Glasnot, or "openness to freedom of

Communism In Russia Essay
Russia became a Communist country after the Bolshevik Revolution, and became the USSR. At first the country had a growing economy. Throughout
the course of the Great Depression, their unemployment rates were low. Capitalism began to seem like it wouldn't be around too long. Because of the
success in USSR, Communism seemed like a better option. Nevertheless, this economy didn't work as well as it was portrayed to.
They exaggerated about the size and production of their economy. USSR had a dictatorship so, the citizens every move was overseen, the government
kept strong control over their borders, and the media was supervised. The news from other countries were closed off from the USSR. This meaning
that, USSR citizens thought their home was the best place to live. As a result, foreigners were only let into the country in compact amounts and could
only visit the part of the country that were progressive. The people that visited the country returned home and spread word about the lies and
deceitfulness. To try to control the citizens, the government wouldn't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He wanted to keep Communism in the USSR. His campaign was revolved around reform. Lech Walesa, the leader of Poland, was imprisoned because
he turned against the Communist economy. This fueled the fire for anticommunists in the country. Mao Zedong still believed in Communism in China.
After he died, Deng Xiaopeng stepped into the leadership position and changed the country to advocate market socialism. In 1991, the USSR economy
failed and their leader disappeared. The country broke down into smaller countries. Russia did not take well to this change. The Communist party still
had an effect on the legislature. The citizens were against Boris Yeltsin's reform. Poland on the other hand, like the change. In 1990, India had no
annual GDP growth and had to face up to bankruptcy. Some Asian countries who had independence that welcomed Capitalism were richer than

Analysis Of The Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis
Review of The Cold War: A New History by John Lewis Gaddis The Cold War: A New History written by John Lewis Gaddis (a professor at Yale
University who wrote other books such as The United States and the Origins of the Cold War and Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of
Postwar American National Security) delivers a summarized, yet skewed interpretation of what had happened during the era known as the Cold War.
Throughout the book, the author attempts to provide history of the Cold War, while adding in generalizations, incomplete facts, as well as flat out
bias. Most believe Gaddis' book is well–written; getting positive reviews from popular writers, Time, The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, and
even Henry Kissinger. Whilst there are positive aspects of the book–including how some descriptions of what happened are accurate and make it
effective–there are still negative views and the just reason being the fact that bias exists in the book.
Gaddis seems to show bias by evidently leaving out information which would make the US or certain american figures (Woodrow Wilson) look bad,
as well as idolize them. An example of this goes back when the author was comparing Wilson with Lenin–showing clear favoritism towards Wilson by
saying that socialism depended on fear, while capitalism "had no need to do so. Therein lay the basic ideological asymmetry of the Cold
War."(Gaddis 98). This is basically stating that capitalism was "good", as well as leaving out the

Public Diplomacy And The Foreign Affairs Of The Republic...
Working for government we can't distinguish specific industry that it function in. Governments take care of varieties issues that are important for
country and its society. As an industry in this specific environment I would call it public diplomacy industry. Public diplomacy pursued by the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs consists of a set of strategic, conceptual, analytical, coordinating and executive actions seeking to impact social attitudes and public
opinion abroad and thereby to secure the principal interests of the Republic of Poland across the globe. This is done by using tools and methods from
outside the realm of traditional diplomacy, essentially confined to intergovernmental relations. The primary aim of public diplomacy is to... Show more
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History In 1822, when Brazil won its independence, Poland did not exist on maps of the political world. In the years 1795–1918 the Polish lands were
occupied countries by neighboring countries – Russia, Austria and Prussia. The struggle for independence, taken by another generation of Poles,
reflexes elicited sympathy of many societies, including Brazilian. Emperor of Brazil, Peter I, during a performance in Paris, issued in favor of
participants of the November Uprising (1831), he exclaimed: Vive la Pologne! It ts successor in turn, Peter II, agreed to accept the membership of
Polish Г©migrГ© patriotic associations based in Rapperswil, Switzerland, which certifies todays diploma awarded by the SociГ©tГ© Nationale des
Amis et Polonaise de la Pologne. In the year1907 at the Second International Peace Conference in The Hague, the representative of Brazil – Ruy
Barbosa, a prominent lawyer and politician, in his fiery speeches repeatedly advocated the restoration of Poland 's independence. Not surprisingly, that
Brazil was the first country in Latin America, which announced that it "recognizes the emergence of a united and independent Polish". The position of
these was presented August 17, 1918 year note Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, Nilo PeГ§anhi the French envoy in Rio de Janeiro, Paul Claudel.
In the interwar period (1918–1939) the message of the Republic of Poland in Rio de Janeiro subject Consulate General in

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