A Brief Note On Supply Chain And Logistics

A Brief Note On Supply Chain And Logistics
1.3. Similarities and differences
We have seen from above examples that supply chain and logistics is a concept that was not
invented by manufacturing industry but was successfully borrowed from the military and
implemented to increase its own efficiency. The focus of use of logistics and supply chain in both
military and manufacturing is to make sure that people or resources or products reach their
destination in time and in correct condition.
However, there is also one difference in application of logistics and supply chain in these two
domains. The manufacturing industry is driven by demand. Hence the inventory levels depend on
the forecast of the demand. It is not advisable to have a lot of extra inventory as that might lead to
wastage and financial losses. Hence, many companies use methods such as 'Just In Time'. This
approach does not work in the military. It is of utmost importance to have a huge inventory of
weapons as well as rations to account for any disruption of supply chain in event of wars.
2. Data mining
Data mining consists of analysing huge sets of data and extracting relevant information and data
patterns. Companies often have very large data sets that needs to be analysed for many different
purposes. Initially this was a hard task to accomplish because of limitations in computing power.
However, computer technology has accelerated so fast in recent past that analysing large volumes of
data has become possible. Companies use these analysis results for
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860
A number of notable technological innovations have taken place between the years 1860–1870 in
the United States. In the sphere of communications, a major development was the completion of the
first transcontinental telegraph line across North America by Western Union in 1861 (Western
Union 2009). Moreover, in 1866, after several failed attempts, the Transatlantic Cable was laid that
connected Europe and North America. Before this landmark event, the fastest communication
between the two continents had taken at least a week; after the cable was laid, messages could be
transmitted instantaneously. The first message was, famously, that "a treaty of peace has been signed
between Austria and Prussia" (History Magazine n/d, "Third Time Lucky", ... Show more content on
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Since the first half of the decade was marked by the Civil War, advances in infrastructure and
improvements in general living conditions decelerated. Yet a crucial event in the history of
American transportation occurred in 1869 when the Transcontinental Railroad was formed by
joining of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads (Virtual

What differences and similarities existed between the...
Introduction The 19th century developments of firstly the telegraph, and later the telephone, opened
a gateway to a new, closer, more interdependent world. For a country as large as the United States,
with a population now scattered from east to west, the implications were tremendous. The infamous
tyranny of time and distance had been conquered. Widespread acceptance and appreciation,
however, were not immediate. Both inventions met with initial scepticism, ridicule, and even
elements of fear. The wisdom of twenty–first century hindsight makes such reticence seem
incredible and somewhat amusing, but the very magnitude of instantaneous communication was the
source of anxiety in the first recipients as much as of excitement. In an era when ... Show more
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The son of a Reverend, Samuel was born in 1791 in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His studies at Yale
refined his primary passion for art, but Morse was also fascinated by the sciences, particularly the
new theories of electricity. The studies he enjoyed at this time fostered his continued interest and
attention to developments in the field, and were to form the basis of his discoveries decades later.
For despite the concentrated efforts of others from the 1820s to create an electromagnetic telegraph,
Morse did not appear to have been aware of these developments and he worked, in the main,
independently. Throughout Morse's financially insecure career as an artist, his studies, both in
America and Europe led him into contact with other men of scientific interests. In 1827 Morse's role
as founder and president of the National Academy of the Arts and Design in New York provided
opportunity to attend lectures on electricity and electromagnetism by James Freeman Dana. A
friendship developed based on their mutual interest which furthered Morse's knowledge in the area.
Years later, Morse was to have a critical chance encounter with a fellow passenger on a steam
packet returning to America from a European trip. A discussion concerning electromagnetism
inspired Morse with a notion of

Fiber-Optic Telecommunications Systems
Senior Science
Research Project
Aaron Aherne–Williams
Fibre–Optic Telecommunications Systems:
Fibre–optic telecommunications is simply a method of transmitting information from one place to
another extremely fast. This is done by shooting pulses of light through an optical fibre. Creating the
optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the
signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an
electrical signal. An optic–fibre is a small fibre no thicker than a human hair, either made of glass or
plastic that is transparent and flexible. The light inside the fibre–optic cable forms an
electromagnetic carrier wave that is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Optical fibre telecommunications has also opened up job opportunities for more technicians to
specialize in optic fibre technology.
Mobile Phones
Brief Description of how mobile phones work:
A mobile phone is a device that allows for two people to be connected over the world by a radio
link. This is done by connecting to a cellular network, which is provided by telecommunication
companies such as Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone being the three main in Australia. Once the
cellular network is established it then connects to a cell, which is a tower, then the other phone. If
the phone is out of reach from one the original tower the cell may transfer the call to another cell,
this process is now so efficient and fast that both caller and receiver would never notice that this has
taken place. This uses electromagnetic waves between substation–to–substation this is a combined
technology of radio and the telephone. Modern day mobile phones have a wide variety of uses
compared to the original mobile phones such as calling, text messages, multi–media messages,
email, internet access, games, applications, calculators, music, videos, high resolution cameras and
many other options that a only on some devices these are things like Microsoft capabilities and also
GPS systems.
Outline the basic pattern of information transfer:

Sound–Sound clip coded–Transmits codes via EMR–

Motorola Solutions, Inc.
Motorola Solutions, Inc. is an American data communications and telecommunications equipment
provider. Motorola was a giant in the mobile industry, however, it has returned to its roots of
providing communications equipment for public safety. Motorola sold its enterprise unite in 2014,
which consisted of mobile computers, tables, and barcode scanners, and focuses on its public safety
and commercial customers. Today, Motorola designs, and makes two–way radio systems, wireless
broadband products used in private voice, data networks, and public safety communication systems.
Its chairperson and Chief Executive Officer since January 2008, is Greg Brown. Brown, joined
Motorola in 2006, in March 2007, he became president and COO, and later on was elected to the
company's board of directors. Motorola Solutions is headquartered in Schaumburg, Illinois, and as
over 14,000 employees in 60 countries. Their products currently consist of a.) Devices: body–worn
cameras, two–way radios, pagers, and LTE user devices, b.) System and networks: dispatch, analog
business radio systems, LTE Broadband systems, c.) Software and applications: intelligent
middleware, smart public safety solutions, and voice applications d.) Product lines and technologies:
ASTRO 25 Network, iDen Networks, Smart Energy, and Audio Solutions WAVE Work Group
communications, and e.) Services: integration, support services, lifecycle management, and
learning. Overall, Motorola keeps utility workers connected and visible to

Telstra Swot Analysis
Introduction Telstra is an Australian company, which have an international presence in 15 countries,
including China. They leads telecommunications and information Service Company by providing a
full range of communications services and competes in all telecommunication markets. The primary
activities of the company are providing basic access services to businesses and home in Australia
such as mobile telecommunication, content and broadband access. Offering million variety of retail
fixed broadband, mobile and fixed voice services. Telstra aims to be the market leader in mobile that
is built on the back of innovation, efficiency and satisfied customers. They aspire to construct a
brilliant connected future for everyone by connecting the disconnected, which in turns will build
and strengthen local economies. Customer's Concern with Telstra Customers of Telstra's
stakeholders are vital. Customers include residential consumers, small to medium enterprises, larger
companies, organizations as well as government. Their concerns includes the privacy security of
their personal information and services as well as the quality, affordability and accessibility of our
products and services. Breach in Telstra Last year May, Telstra placed details of 15,775 customers
information into a spreadsheet that was indexed by Google ... Show more content on
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These include making mobile handsets more accessible to the more than 500,000 Australians with
hearing aids. While mobile handsets on the Telstra Next G™ mobile network do not generally cause
interference with hearing aids, members of the Deafness Forum and Better Hearing Australia, both
represented on the Telstra Disability Forum, told us they wanted better hearing aid compatibility in
our mobile phones. This thus shows Telstra working towards connecting

Deutsche Telekom Telecommunications Company Essay
Introduction
The essence of the Deutsche Telekom brand, its slogan "Life is for sharing" is in equal measure its
brand promise to customers. Based on a simple concept, this promise embodies the corporate vision
behind the brand: Life consists of a number of major and minor personal events that people want to
share with one another because they make life exciting. And Telekom offers the products and
services that can make this happen. Customers should be given easy access to these worlds of
experience in every possible way – via the telephone, Internet, Internet TV or cloud services. As a
telecommunications provider, it is Telekom's goal to enable this by providing the best possible
communications and IT services. Meaning Telekom ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
PEST Analysis
In term of external environment, DEUTSCHE TELEKOM is also influenced by the general,
industry, and competitor environments. The general environment is composed of elements in the
boarder society that influence an industry and the firms within it. These elements can be
characterized into six elements: demographic, politic/legal, sociocultural, technological, and global.
However, only certain elements are related to DEUTSCHE TELEKOM, there are:
Political
If we look at the political environment, Telekom Equipment is on the safe side since it is publicly
owned and thus protected by government.
In term of political preferences, what might happened is that DEUTSCHE TELEKOM gets threat of
from new entrants such as, Clarnet telecommunication, Freenet telecommunication and Agitr
telecommunication. It meaning to say that, right now there are substitution products and services in
term of telecommunication only and this will be the intensity of rivalry among competitors. So it
directly influences DEUTSCHE TELEKOM and its competitive actions and responses. Therefore,
the challenge is to locate a position within an industry where DEUTSCHE TELEKOM can
influence these factors or where it can successfully defend against their influence. This can be done
by providing broader products and service such as, offering tailor–made Total Solutions – from the
latest IT and telecommunication products to financial

Universal World Alliance Proposal : Sony Joint Venture
REAL WORLD ALLIANCE PROPOSAL: SONY JOINT VENTURE WITH XIAOMI
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Strategic Fit & Motives
3. Partner Selection & Management
4. Governance & Structure
5. Industry Analysis (Porters 5 Forces)
6. Performance Management
7. References
1.Introduction (Brief)
The aim of this report is to establish the feasibility of a new joint venture between Sony & Xiaomi
within the telecommunications industry. The venture will be focused on sharing technologies, risks
& distribution channels and will proposes a 50/50 equity joint venture between Sony and Xiaomi, to
form Sony Xiaomi LTD. The new entity will focus on enhancing profitability and market share for
both companies with product focus on smartphones.
2. STRATEGIC FIT & MOTIVES
SONY: Sony has been experiencing a downturn in the mobile industry with profits consistently
reducing over the last few years. The volatile nature of the Telecommunications industry and
intensity of the competition are some of the reasons for this situation. The mobile division has been
affecting Sony's overall business structure and to address this negative trend the company is looking
to ally with a partner in order to minimize risks and capture profits (Sony.net, 2016). Xiaomi will be
a good strategic fit as they have experienced enormous growth especially within the Chinese
market. They have a well–established customer base, and their smartphones are selling extremely
well. A partnership with Xiaomi

Matav Case Study Essays
Strategic Crossroads at Matav: Hungary's Telecom Powerhouse
Assignment 1
What is Matav's Strategy? Has it been successful?
Matav, being the Hungarian Telecommunications Powerhouse, had secured their foothold in most of
the communications market in Hungary, including business services, residential services, Internet
and Mobile. Their parent company Deutsche Telekom wanted them to remain an integrated
telecommunications company. Since their objectives were laid out in front of them, they were facing
a stagnant fixed mobile market in Hungary with the only scope of expansion being the broadband
market. So their primary focus was on competitive response to the core customer base,
consolidating financial performance, increasing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Matav is a telecommunications powerhouse. It has the infrastructure, the ability, the foresight and
the manpower to match any competition the foreign companies can offer.
Matav is a well–established integrated communications company and has footholds in all the four
markets of residential, business, internet and mobile. They already have a lot of customer market in
the Hungarian environment. Familiarity with the local policies, business and customers makes
Matav even more powerful when it comes to dealing with competition. It could add additional
services by implementing new technologies on the current infrastructure to the current customer
base and could also attract a lot of customers by giving bundled service like fixed and mobile or
fixed and internet together.
Do Matav's international expansion plans make sense? Why?
Matav was taken over by a European Telecommunications giant. The line was clear. Since the
domestic market was completely overwhelmed by Matav, the only logical place to expand further
was another European company. Matav is already an integrated telecommunications powerhouse.
There is no new market it can create or develop within its own country to sustain development for it.
There has to be competition and scope for expansion by introducing new technology into third
world countries. This is very attractive when offered at a lower price than your local provider.
Matav's international plans make sense to me for precisely

How Communication Affects The Country, Issues, Problems,...
Introduction
Communication is very essential to humans and is also a fundamental human right. Without
communication, no human being, group or community can exist or flourish, meaning society will
not function at all. The ability to communicate allows you to share thoughts, ideas, opinions and
information. Multiple forms of communication are used everyday such as oral communications
which includes television or conversations and written communications which includes newspapers
or reports. This research essay will talk about how communications such as print media or
telecommunications have developed in Vietnam. The main topics in this essay will be about the
history of communication, factors that led to the improvement of communication, communication
benefits to the country, issues, problems and solutions of Vietnam's communication. Vietnam is a
communist country with over 85 million people and is part of South East Asia with Laos and
Cambodia to the West and China to the North. The country itself is shaped like an S and covers
331,210 square kilometres. Vietnam's literacy rate is amazingly high for a developing country
exceeding 90% for people that can read. Because of Vietnam's renovation or the "doi moi" policy,
the country economy and policies have developed fittingly.
History of Communications in Vietnam
The use of communication in Vietnam have changed significantly over the last century. According
to the ITU or International Telecommunication Union, Vietnam is the

Using Mathematical Manipulation Of Signals For...
I still remember the day I was introduced to the Internet. With my first hotmail email id, I struck up
a friendship with a netizen from Dalian. I learned about his culture, his family, and his country. I
was truly mesmerized by what the Internet could enable!
Later on in school, I learned C++, communication theory, and Internet basics, thus sparking my
interest in making a mark in the field of communication. I excelled at academics and topped my
class in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, with an aggregate of 96%. In keeping with my
marked inclination for the field of communications, I joined the Electronics and Communication
program at National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, a college that boasts of one of the best
courses for this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During my third year, while attending a lecture on the OSI layer, I was profoundly intrigued by the
complexity of the internet, as well as the simplicity of the flow of data between the layers. To
explore this interest, I completed the CCNA– R&S and CCNP– R&S certification courses. That
summer, I was the only undergrad in my college who was offered an internship at Cisco Systems. At
Cisco, I developed a tool which automates the Bill of Material for customers to transition from their
existing switches (3800 series) to a new category of switches (4500 series). Owing to my good
performance as an intern, I was offered a full–time job at Cisco.
In my final year of college, I submitted a thesis under the guidance of Dr. N.S.V. Shet, in which I
proposed an alternative model of Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) to better utilize bandwidth for the
campus network at my college. This involved simulation of the existing design and analysis of
traffic flow using Wireshark. Then, I executed a geographical survey to determine the ideal
locations for the access points for the WMN and subsequently conducted an analysis of the ideal
protocol to be used, and simulated it in NS–2. Also, as part of my Communication Networks course,
I submitted a report on Congestion Control in Frame–Relay. My primary focus was how congestion
control is realized in Frame–Relay. Apart from this I also explained the protocol architecture, frame
format and the behaviour of frame–relay network i.e. the manner in

Biography of Samuel F.B. Morse Essay
Samuel F. B. Morse was one of the greatest inventors of the 19th century; he was the invention of
the singled–wire telegraph machine that influenced the Industrial Revolution in America and the
Morse code led way to many future innovations. Samuel Morse was not just an inventor; he was
also a painter that did works such as The Chapel of the Virgin at Subiaco and The Gallery of the
Louvre 1831 – 1833 to portraits of famous politicians such as John Adams. Samuel F. B. Morse was
born in Charleston, Massachusetts on April 17, 1791. He was the son of a geographer and pastor
Jedidiah Morse and Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese. Samuel Morris was originally interested in
painting; his paintings usually put in more detail to the austere facial ... Show more content on
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Samuel Morse ran into problems during the development of the telegraph machine, the telegraph
machine could only transmit information for a little bit more than a few hundred yards due to the
loss of current over long distances. Not until Professor Leonard Gale, of New York University, that
helped improved Morse's design that used superior batteries and electromagnets that enabled it to
transfer currents over great distances. After the help of Gale, Samuel Morse had perfected his
telegraph; it was able to send signals over great distances. Although his Journey wasn't over, he now
had to send his work to Washington where he awaited to be approved by Congress. He attended
both sessions of Congress, from 1837 to 1838 and another one in 1842 to 1843. During the last day
of the session, which was March 3, 1843, he "spent the whole day and part of the evening in the
Senate chamber, anxiously watching the progress of the passing of the various bills" (Morse) to
watch the bill get passed, he was awarded $30,000 to set up the very first telegraph machine from
Washington to Baltimore. His first telegraph machine was made from household instruments that
consisted of "an old picture or canvas frame fastened to a table; the wheels of an old wooden clock
[...] and a short circuit of a wire, embracing the helices of the electro–magnet connected with the
positive and negative poles of the battery and terminating the mercury–cups" (Morse). His
"apparatus" was so crude

Analysis Of Verizon Communications Inc.
Research, Analysis and Interpretation
Organizations history:
As a technology company, Verizon Communications Inc. has gained national recognition as being
the #1 telecommunications network in America. This company has truly flourished, and expanded
its services throughout the country, putting them in the lead of the telecommunications industry.
Verizon started its true foundation in New York, but became incorporated in Delaware. The
company was formed on June 30, 2000 by the merger of Bell Atlantic Corp and GTE Corp; this
merge created a change in the telecommunication world, which is now called Verizon. (Cor, Por)
Growth:
For 15 years and counting, Verizon has grown to be one of the largest communication technology
companies, and has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Verizon as a company has grown around the several changes that our society also has been going
through, but continuously advancing their technology, to be ahead of their competitors. While
researching I came across the company's wind of change diagram, which shows the amount of
changes the company has done to grow itself, and continues to expand on its growth, such as
having: multiple screens, global accessibility, increased security threats, integrated solutions, fast
phone connections, mobility explosion, and expansion of smartphone data consumption (Verizon).
Speaking on growth, I had the honor to interview Kate Jay the public relations manager for the
Georgia/ Alabama, about what she has seen within the company 's growth. She says, " Seeing the
company grow and evolve since the 5 years I have been here is tremendous, this company is very
fast pace and has been able to keep up with the industry."
Culture & People:
Verizon is a very fast paced company, however they have a great heart in helping their employees
out. When I interviewed my supervisor Kate Jay, I asked her " How would you describe the people
and the culture here at Verizon"? She replied with an answer that left me astonished. She said, " The
credo we cross is to help not run away shows how our employees really care, when the 2011
Alabama tornadoes occurred it impacted the area I grew up in. When that happened all employees
jumped in and were eager to make a difference. Verizon culture you touch it you

Benjamin Franklin's Use Of The Telegraph
Before the discovery of the telegraph, communication was difficult between long distances. Upon
discovery the telegraph, a machine transmitted messages to and from different places. Once the
telegraph became popular, the telegraph was used for fast communication . There were two men
majorly involved in the creation of the telegraph. The man that created the telegraph created morse
code, which was involved in many other future forms of technology. The technology that evolved
from the telegraph has been used throughout history. The telegraph ideas are used in modern day
times to create new ways of communication connecting the corners of the nation. The phenomenon
of Benjamin Franklin's experiments helped influence the creation of the telegraph. ... Show more
The three colleges were Yale Academy (1805–1810) attending at age 14, Royal Academy of
Arts(1811–1815), and Phillips Academy (unknown dates). His passion of knowledge took a turn for
the better. Morse took interest in electricity during college at Yale Academy, while studying with
Jeremiah Day, a professor in science. Along with a discussion with Charles Jackson about
electromagnetics The spontaneous idea of the telegraph was formed. Morse spent a total of seven
years of his life creating the telegraph, three years being notes turning into sketches and models.
Samuel Morse was not able to accomplish the machinery without some assistance from many other
intelligent

Research Paper On Batelco
Communication Networks
Batelco Telecommunication company
DES 452
Fatema Yousif Ahmedi 1647 Fatema1647@ruw.edu.bh Shams Mohammed Alkhazraji 1651
Shams1651@ruw.edu.bh Aysha Khalid Mohammed 1716 Aysha1716@ruw.edu.bh
Dr. Rashed Al Jalahma rjalahma@ruw.edu.bh
Table of Contents
Page:
Introduction
3 Purpose
3
Terms of Reference
3
Method
3
Findings
3
Introduction of company
4 – 9 Market Overview
9 – 14
Action plan of marketing
14 – 16
Conclusion
19
References
20
Introduction Purpose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In advertisement Batelco spends and give lots of money and time for each advertising, because
advertising has a big impact on the consumers behavior and the result will be positive if the ads
were very creative and stands out from the competitors advertisements.

Public relations is when the staff of Batelco have a good manner to talk with the consumer, even if
the consumer is angry and not polite. The staff of Batelco reacts as a calm person and talks politely,
this good service will help to get loyal customers to the company and never change into other
competitor. Action plan of marketing
SWOT analysis
The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision–making for all sorts
of situations in firms and organizations. SWOT is an short cut for Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, Threats. SWOT analysis is perfect for business planning, strategic planning,
competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and research reports. The
SWOT analysis enables companies to identify the positive and negative influencing factors inside
and outside of a company or organization
Batelco's SWOT contains of:
SWOT Analysis comparison

Swisscom Swot Analysis Of Swisscom
In 1988, Telecom PTT presented Switzerland's first advanced media communications arrange
(ISDN). The cell phone system was digitized in 1992 under the name NATEL D. Telecom PTT's
"Blue Window" Internet entryway, propelled in 1996, soon turned into the market pioneer. On 1
October 1997, Telecom PTT got to be Swisscom. What's more, now we realize that Swisscom is
Switzerland's driving telecom provider and one of its overwhelming IT associations, headquartered
in Ittigen, close to the capital city, Bern. Its reinforcement Fastweb has built up a strong position on
the Italian market. Swisscom streams no exchange off with respect to serving customer needs; it
focuses on organization and quality and places extraordinarily in the frameworks of what's ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That's mean this mobile service provider is current item, and we know that is Swisscom is the
number one Telecommunication in Switzerland, and definitely Swisscom has trusted by customers,
because Swisscom has long become telecommunication company in Switzerland and have many
benefits for customer.
3.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths 1. Strong Market Presence in home market
2. Strong Customer Base with more than 6 million versatile clients and around 1.7 million
broadband associations
3. Income Growth in Switzerland, supporting incomes
4. Its workforce is made of approx 21,200 representatives
5. Kind of advertising very eye–appealing publicizing
Weaknesses 1. Operations are vigorously reliant on Switzerland as it were
2. Constrained nearness crosswise over Europe and additionally the world
Opportunities 1. Investment in Network Expansion crosswise over Europe
2. Development in Telecommunications Services over the

India 's Economic Success Social Cohesiveness On A Global...
INTRODUCTION
We are pleased to formally introduce Intercontra Initiatives Limited, an institution that maintains
expert and technological know–how to ensure the delivery of efficient, cost–saving, and, cutting
edge solutions to clientele in the key sectors of Telecommunications and Oil & Gas industry in the
African economy. We provide customer–driven and tailored services to diverse clients in this niche
market segment particularly in the areas of engineering and logistics.
We recognise that your organisation occupies a visible position in the telecommunications industry
as a leading major contractor and supplier of telecommunications infrastructure and as such we at
Intercontra Initiatives would like to make our professional services and logistics solutions available
to you.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Telecommunications services are critical to Nigeria's economic success social cohesiveness on a
global platform. The capacity, consistency of good quality network coverage, and reliability of the
infrastructure used in the provision of these services are important to consumers; both businesses
and individuals
The bulk of investment to build, deploy, and, maintain communication networks is delivered by
commercial providers who are in fierce competition to deliver services to the consumers.
There are many areas in Nigeria that are not being fully served by the telecoms market.
In the last 5 years, the mobile sector has had triple digit growth rates after competition was

Five Competitive Analysis: Porter's Five Forces Model
Porter's Five–Forces Model of competitive analysis is a widely used approach for developing
strategies in many industries. Generally, Porter's Five–Forces provide a good, simple yet powerful,
framework for developing an understanding of the competitive forces or pressure either increase or
reduce within DiGi's industry that influence its pricing decision. Great competitive forces put more
pressure on it while weaker competitive forces get over the pressure.
1) Rivalry among Competing Firms Rivalry among the competing firms is usually the most
powerful of the five competitive forces. The strategies pursued by one firm can be successfully only
to the extent that they provide competitive advantages over the strategies pursued by rival firms.
Malaysia mobile market is oligopoly nowadays after the consolidation in 2003. The
telecommunications ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many threats of substitute products for both of the business lines are recognized. Firstly,
there are many traditional and modern substitutes for voices services such as letter, fixed home line
telephone, fax, and e–mail. From 2000 onwards, broadband Internet services, which enable faster
and always–on connection to the worldwide web, offer more promising growth potential. In
addition, the pressure on the very low cost to use the phone calling through internet or communicate
through online messenger like Facebook, Skype, WeChat and etc had threatened the mobile service
industry. The attractiveness of internet services making it more affordable to the masses. Secondly,
consumers have become more demanding in quality data service and this create an opportunity for
new entrants to provide a substitute product for consumers in lower price or better performance than
the existing ones. For example, DiGi is facing new competitors in 4G WiMax which are P1 and Yes.
4) Bargaining Power of

Analysis Of Eisaalat
Etisalat is one of the service companies that can be considered as an intangible service company
offering services to different people. Most of Etisalat's services are immaterial, however it has
strong tangible indications. The subject of my report is about Etisalat, to understand the service
products, consumers and markets of Etisalat. My report will focus on how Etisalat operate. It will
contain the target segment of Etisalat and how it communicate with its customers in the market with
the help of marketing mix tools. What are the service issues of Etisalat from the customer's point of
view. How they improve the effectiveness of the service and what can be suggested to recover each
issue and develop the quality and profitability. 2. Etisalat Profile Etisalat Telecommunication
Corporation is a multinational public corporation, which has a wide range of products and services
provided to its users globally and domestically. Etisalat is one of the biggest telecommunication
companies in the world, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It provides SIM cards with the code of (050–056), mobile and wireless services, Telephone services,
Internet and data services, Landline services and Television services, in addition to the online
payment services offered to Etisalat users. It also provides a wide range of supplementary services
such as mobile and Internet service packages, in order to improve the communication of their
business and to make it more affordable. Another additional services that Etisalat offer is the
installment payment when purchasing a new mobile, for example they are currently offering an
IPhone 6s to be paid monthly or yearly with the data package service so it will be more convenient
and attractive to customers who cannot afford paying cash when purchasing the

Wireless Communication Essay
Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between two or more entities
(communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technology uses channels to
transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium (such as signal cables), or
in the form of electromagnetic waves.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The word is often used in its plural form,
telecommunications, because it involves many different technologies. Early means of
communicating over a distance included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore
telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs.[7] Other examples of pre–modern long–distance
communication included audio messages such as coded drumbeats, lung–blown horns, and loud
whistles. Modern technologies for long–distance communication usually involve electrical and
electromagnetic technologies, such as telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio,
microwave transmission, fiber optics, and communications satellites. A revolution in wireless
communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in
radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909. Other
highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic
telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham
Bell (telephone), Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and

Comcast Case Study Essay
Introduction Within the telecommunications industry, everything ranging from television to internet
services continues to face evolving and transformational changes more often than other industries
such as services. It should come to no surprise given the advances in technologies across the globe,
that an industry that is heavily technological based should also follow suit. This allows for both old
and new organizations to tap in the growth of both the human and technological capital to bring
about revolutionary changes in the telecommunications world. For example, the introduction of
fiber optics made way for telecommunication conglomerates to offer faster internet services to their
consumers. So, within this particular industry, the potential ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The company possess the largest market value in its industry, contains a great history of business,
it's considered the largest cable distributor in the US and despite the growing competition from Pay
TV providers such as Hulu and Netflix, it still maintains a strong position as an organization that
can thrive in today's highly competitive global economy. However, given this realization, the
shareholder should also be a little cautious, because Comcast still faces a number of obstacles that
might impede or compromise the growth of expected return when shareholders invest in their
securities. As mentioned before, there's a growing number of competitors that offer different,
cheaper telecommunication services that still uphold the consumer's expectations in regards of
entertainment, such as streamlining content from the internet and offering the consumer the choice
of preferring skinnier packages (cable/TV programming) at cheaper rates. These rising competitors
will give Comcast a run for their money as consumers will switch from the traditional cable outlets,
such as Comcast and Cox, in favor for a service such as Google or Sling. Another thing to take into
account is the uncertainty of the FCC's decisions at imposing stronger regulations in regards to
broadband width and internet connections; the Net Neutrality Act might place a hindrance on the
performance of Comcast's internet

A Brief Resource And Capabilities Analysis For...
Introduction This paper provides a brief resource and capability analysis for CenturyLink, Inc.
(CTL). The first section provides a brief description and overview of CTL. The next section
provides the current CTL financial overview amongst leading competitors and internal factors
influencing the telecommunication industry. The third section provides an overview of the perceived
strengths and weaknesses of CTL relative to industry competitors. The final section synthesizes data
to assess CTL's strengths and vulnerabilities within the telecommunication industry.
Company Overview CenturyLink, Inc. began in 1930 when F.E. Hogan, Sr. sold the Oak Ridge
Telephone Company in Oak Ridge, LA to William Clarke and Marie Williams (Our History). In
1946, Clarke McRae Williams received ownership of the company as a wedding present (Our
History). In 1947, Williams purchased the Marion Telephone Company in Marion, LA and moved
base operations to Marion, LA (Our History). By 1968, the family owned business incorporated as
Central Telephone and Electronics and moved their headquarters to Monroe, LA (Our History). In
1971, the company was renamed Century Telephone Enterprises, Inc. and acquired the Wisconsin
based La Crosse Telephone Corporation (Our History). In 1978, Century Telephone moved to the
NYSE (CTL) and quadrupled their share price (Our History). In 2009, after many acquisitions,
Century Tel merged with Embarq to form CenturyLink, Inc. (CTL) (Our History). On April 1,

How Did Samuel Morse Use Mass Communication
With just a few touches of a button the telegraph by Samuel Morse was the first of its era to allow
mass communication, quickly, and long distant. Changing the way the world communicated and
conducting business, the invention of the telegraph became a significant part of American history.
Prior to the invention of the telegraph, people would write letters and rely on messengers to deliver
their letters. Often letters would be sent via boats across the ocean taking days to receive. Samuel
Morse was quoted "I wish that in an instant I could communicate information, but three thousand
miles are not passed over in an instant and we must wait four long weeks before we can hear from
each other." (Streissguth, Thomas). Little did he know that his

Essay on The evolution of Meteor
Meteor in the Irish telecommunications industry
Meteor Mobile was established in 2001, after having been awarded Ireland's third mobile license in
the year 1998 (ComReg, 1998). Since then, the Irish start up has acquired over a million customers
and built over 40 stores nationally (meteor.ie,2013). Over the course of 12 years, Meteor has
become one of the 50 best workplaces in Ireland and obtained 20% of the market share (meteor.ie,
2013) in a very tough and fast developing industry.
In this essay I will assess the attractiveness of the Irish telecommunications industry before and after
its deregulation in 1998 by analyzing the forces at work within the market. I will also describe
Meteor's strategy at the time and attempt to point ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, there was no threat of forward integration by the suppliers. As the customer base was
so small suppliers depended on the wellbeing of the industry to succeed. All of these factors made
supplier power very low making the industry very attractive for firms.
It is also important to address the threat of substitute products available to the market. These are
products which meet the same needs as those sold by the industry. Porter argues that substitute
products will limit the potential of an industry (Porter, 1979) by diminishing its growth. Back in
1998, there were not many substitute products apart from landline services. The lack of very similar
substitutes in the industry contributed to its attractiveness.
In an industry composed of various players, there is guaranteed competitive rivalry. Competitive
rivalry tends to be higher if there are many current and potential competitors (Porter 1979). In the
case of the mobile industry in 1998, there were only two players, which meant that competition was
very little. Furthermore, the market was very small, another factor limiting competition. Consumer
loyalty and retention were high as people were tied into contracts. This also reduced the competition
within the market. Low competitor rivalry is another attractive factor, as the firms didn't feel
threatened by others also in the industry. In conclusion, from the analysis it is clear that the

Sprint Company History
Sprint is one of the many corporations that has enabled the emergence and evolution of
technological innovation. We all know it as a major "global communications company that serves 23
million customers in over 70 countries" ("History of Sprint Corporation"), and it consists of a vast
array of products and services to offer the world. It is a major wireless provider in the
telecommunications industry. What individuals in society are not quite familiar with is Sprint's
humble beginnings. History It all started from the Southern Pacific Communications Corporation,
which was a division of the Southern Pacific Railroad ("Sprint Corporation – Company Profile,
Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Sprint Corporation"). ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was at its lowest on November 2nd 2016, reaching $5.95. Its highest was on January 26, 2017,
hitting $9.43 ("Sprint Corp"). Over the course of the year, the trend has remained relatively neutral.
In 2005, Sprint Corporation merged with Nextel Communications, and that's how the Sprint Nextel
Corporation company was created ("Corporate Office Data"). Currently, there are talks about a
potential merger between Sprint and T–Mobile, bringing Sprint up to the # 3 carrier and creating
billions of dollars in the process (Faber, "T–Mobile and Sprint Are in Active Talks about a
Merger."). There is discussion that this merger can be a serious competitor for AT&T (Lovelace Jr.,
"Sprint CEO: We'll Be a 'Formidable Competitor' to AT&T If Government Allows T–Mobile Deal.")
. Several details still need to be figured out like the "exchange ratio for the all–stock deal"(Gerard,
"T–Mobile Finalizing Merger Deal With Sprint: Report"). Other terms of discussion include the
location of the merger's headquarters and the appointments to the executive management team. The
final decision as to whether both companies will agree with the deal depends on whether or not the
Department of Justice will reject

History Of Chin Chinese Government And Controls The Three...
Wanze Wu Julien Mailland
MSCH–M 322
12/07/2016
History of China Telecom
Chinese government owns and controls the three major basic telecom operators and appears to see
these entities as important tools in broader industrial policy goals such as promoting indigenous
standards for network equipment. The reason for Chinese government divided into three carriers is
China Mobile, China Unicom and China telecom these three carriers every action affects the hearts
of hundreds of millions of consumers. CDMA is belonging to China Telecom. China Unicom is not
to sell the CDMA to China telecom. Old Unicom has two mobile networks, one is the three 130 '131
' 131 GSM network, the other is a 133 segments of CDMA network, periodical to encourage
operators to competition, and avoid duplication of investment, will be split, old Unicom to GSM and
Netcom, established the new China Unicom; will merge with telecom CDMA department, and is
now the telecommunications company, in this way, as in mobile, Unicom, telecom three mobile
operators.
The competition between the three carriers landscape is not balanced, the ministry to establish a
relatively balanced competition. China mobile will not intervene, after all, China Telecom, China
Unicom cooperation will not cause too big threat to China Mobile. Also can help move China
Mobile away. Even possible in the future, China mobile is expected to be some cooperation with
China Unicom and China Telecom. So the common fight against the pressure of

History of Communication Essay
Since the beginning of time, people have always been looking for means of communication, but a
way to communicate in a fast and easy way. In earlier times, Egyptians carved on rocks, leaving
records for the next civilization. The Incans of South America knotted several colored pieces of
string in a specific pattern and had a messenger run to the next village to deliver it. Many wrote
messages on paper to be delivered by a messenger and some simply sent a messenger to deliver the
message orally. Of course, there were many problems with these means of communication. If one
just sent a messenger, it was easy for the messenger to lose communication in the traveling process,
or one could misplace a written message. And of course these messages ... Show more content on
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When the line was officially completed on May 24, 1844, the message, "What hath God wrought,"
was the first message sent over the completed line. It was sent from the old Supreme Court chamber
in the United States Capitol to his partner in Baltimore. Annie Ellsworth, the daughter of a friend of
Morse's, chose the verse from Numbers 23:23. This was a very significant point in history as an
improvement in communication; however, the message was difficult to understand at times and was
very difficult and tedious to create.
The telegraph did wonders to speed up process of communication; however, it was still not ideal for
everyday interaction between families and neighbors. The telegraph Morse invented was a single
telegraph, sending one message at a time, so Alexander Graham Bell tried to create a multiple
telegraph, sending more than one message over the same wire. At the same time, Bell and Thomas
Watson, an electrician, were working on another idea in secret – the telephone. On June 2, 1875,
Alexander Graham Bell discovered he could hear a sound over an electric wire, the sound of a
twanging clock spring. On March 10, 1876, Bell explained in his notebook entry that his experiment
was finally successful. That day he said the famous first words spoken into a telephone, "Mr.
Watson, come here, I want you." Finally solving the problems of the telegraph, Bell invented the
telephone. The telegraph system was in place for about thirty years already, taking the telephone
quite

Brazil and Privatization Essay
Brazil and Privatization The earliest inhabitants of Brazil were the Indians. However, the country's
recorded history begins with the arrival of the Portuguese in 1500. The Portuguese sailor Pedro
Alvares Cabral visited the continent we call South America, eight years after Columbus arrived in
America. Portuguese settlers followed, calling the new colony Brazil, after the brazilwood tree that
they extracted red dye from. The Portuguese did not bring prosperity and progress to the Indians.
Instead, they unintentionally infected and killed thousands of Indians with diseases such as measles
and smallpox. The growing number of settlers spurred the exploration of Brazil. Frontiersmen called
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their most famous sculptor is also one of the world's most remarkable artists, Antonio Francisco
Lisboa. He became known as Aleijadinho, the little cripple, when a disease paralyzed his hands. He
tied a hammer and a chisel to his wrists and continued to work. Brazilians also love sports. There is
8,000 sports clubs all over the country. They enjoy water sports, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and
boxing. But none of these sports rivals their all time favorite, soccer. Brazilian's call it futebol.
Scoring a goal in the world's soccer championship is the dream of every Brazilian boy.
Language
Brazil's national language is Portuguese. Like the United States' English differs from England,
Brazil also developed a character of its own. The difference is mostly from the influence of Brazil's
Indians. Other influences are attributed to the African heritage and German, Italian and Spanish
immigrants. Their alphabet has three fewer letters than English, missing "k", "w", and "y."
Political Makeup During Brazil's 20 years of military rule, the army had almost complete control
and congress had little power. Since 1985 the government has been in the hands of civilians. Brazil
is a federal republic under the leadership of a president whose powers are similar to those of the
president of the United States. A vice–president and the cabinet consisting of state ministers support
the president. The government is divided into

Design And Implementation Of Mimo Ofdm
CAREER EPISODE –1 Mohd Saem (a) Introduction CE 1.1 CHRONOLOGY Project Title Design
and Implementation of MIMO OFDM Dates for the Project 2012 – 2013 Duration 1 year Name of
the Organization Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department Location New Rizvi
Educational Complex, Off Carter Road, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400050, India My Role
Project Demonstrator and project lead (b) Background CE 1.2 Rizvi college of engineering is a part
of the Rizvi Education Society, which is a public charitable trust. It was Established in the year 1950
under the Societies act and was listed under the requirements of Bombay Public act. This Society
promotes various fields of education like Hospitality, Hotel management, Science, Commerce, Arts,
Fashion Designing and Engineering. The location of college is ideal enviroments for students to
achieve their goals in life. CE 1.3 The main objective of this project was to successfully implement
transceiver that would help in developing 802.11 n modem. The architecture required the realization
of 802.16 (Wi–max) and LTE transceivers. It intended to study various alternatives for
implementation of the OFDM which resulted in reduced chip size. It included developing a
complete system of indigenously developed 802.11n modem which then offered maximum
throughput, robust and highly scalable WLAN connections/networks. CE 1.4 The principal role and

The Impact Of Morse Code And The Telegraph
"What hath God wrought?" This message, the first of its kind to be sent instantly over a long
distance was transmitted back in 1844. While it may seem insignificant, this series of clinks was
what started the era of communication. Morse code is a system created by Samuel F. B. Morse that
uses dits and dahs sent over an electromagnetic box to relate messages. Throughout its growth, it
has aided in many wars and led to new inventions like the radio and telephone. While it's not used
today, it's important to know its historical impact. Imperative in paving the way for a new era of
communication and the advancement of long distance communication, Morse code and the
telegraph also aided in the Industrial Revolution.
II. Morse code is a system comprised of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The finalized version of Morse code was created in 1873 with the help of Alfred Vail.
1. Three years later, they patented the code system "Telegraph signals."
III. Along with the creation of Morse code, the telegraph also began to develop.
A. The first telegraph was built in 1843 after the patent was approved by the United States
Congress.
1. From Washington to Baltimore, the line stretched over 40 miles and cost 30,000 dollars to
construct.
B. Later Samuel Morse and a few associates formed the Magnetic Telegraph company after the US
government declined the purchase of the patent.
1. In the telegraph industry, it was very competitive with over 50 other competing companies.
C. Due to the competition, in 1851, the New York and Mississippi Valley Telegraph
company(NYMVTC) was formed.
1. Their first was partnering with Cyrus Field to create the first transatlantic cable.
2. While the line was being built, Samuel Morse was working as the team's electrician.
D. Five years later, the NYMVTC merged with the Western Union Telegraph company after they
began work on a transcontinental telegraph line.
1. Along with the telegraph lines expanding with the railroads, most everyone began to use them,
even with expensive

Case Study Of Hutchison And Vodafone
Case facts
The case talked about the 2 companies i.e. Hutchison and Vodafone.
Hutchison Telecommunications International Ltd (HTIL)
Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong Holdings Limited (stock code: 215) is an established
telecommunications operator providing advanced mobile telecommunications services in Hong
Kong and Macau under the 3 brand
Island (Mauritius)' was a 100 % Subsidiary of Hutchison (Hong Kong).
Vodafone (VIH)
Vodafone International Holdings BV – a company incorporated in Netherlands. It was the purchaser
of one share of CGP
Hutchison Essar Limited (HEL)
Hutchison Essar Limited, under the brand name Hutch, operates in 16 licence areas in India
It has CGP Company as a subsidiary holding about 67 % shares and Essar had ... Show more
Thus Vodafone was asked to pay Penalty of about 11,000 Crore for amount to be paid to HTIL.
Wherein Vodafone has not replied to that notice and filed a writ petition to the challenge.
Vodafone was trying to use the method of Tax heavens and SPV'which are designed to help in
similar cases but MUMBAI high court rejected the petition with cost. Post that they tried to file
again using SLP as a sword against Supreme Court and further the case was passed to income tax
department
Law continuous to impose various legal system on this particular case and confirms that Vodafone
have to pay raised by to India, but Vodafone also presented massive documentary evidence and tried
hard to get rid of the situation.
Issue in the case
On the name of CGP Company which was otherwise a null entity, Vodafone Company was asked to
pay taxes for a purchase of subsidiary company (CGL) of
Hutchison Essar telecom
Retrospective amendment is being allowed
Whether Income Tax Department has a control over asking for the taxes over the transaction among
two foreign companies
Act and law used in this case
ITA – Income–tax Act.
Retrospective legislation
Share purchase agreement
Transfer pricing tax

Vodafone perspective
According to the company, the transaction had occurred between VIH and HTIL wherein they
entered into a SPA for the sale of CGP share. Here the accedence was signed

The Telegraph: The Invention Of The Telegraph
What if you couldn't call anyone and you had to only send letter. Well that's what people had to do
before the Telegraph. Some information is Samuel Morse invented the Telegraph. Also Abraham
Lincoln was the first president to use the telegraph. The invention of the Telegraph had a significant
impact on american by making different ways to communicate, communicating with other Nations ,
Can make communication in the civil war easier. The inventor Samuel Morse is the inventor and he
made the first working well telegraph. It might have done sooner but he did not have the money he
needed to finish the Telegraph. They were able to share their technology and make the Telegraph go
to other places in the world. it was so important because it was ... Show more content on
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During the Civil War, the telegraph proved its value as a tactical, operational, and strategic
communication medium and an important contributor to Union victory. By contrast, the
Confederacy failed to make effective use of the South's much smaller telegraph network for several
reasons. The United States Military Telegraph Service (USMT) handled some 6.5 million messages
during the war and built 15,000 miles of line. In contrast, the South used the telegraph in only the
most limited fashion. Ulysses S. Grant wrote that he had "held frequent conversations over the
wires" about strategy with Stanton during 1863, some lasting two hours. William Tecumseh
Sherman also recalled the "perfect concert of action" between his forces in Georgia and Grant's in
Virginia in 1864.The telegraph was really important in the civil war because it could send very
important messages. The messages could be a lot of different things that were very useful to the
safety of the people like if something really bad were to happen they could use the telegraph to send
a important message. The telegraph was beginning to change the executive's relationship with his
forces in the field. While General Scott napped, the new president consumed the electronically
delivered updates. Thirteen months later, when the armies battled again along Bull Run, it was a
different story in the telegraph office. No longer was Lincoln content to sit idly by and await
information, he was actively in communication with the front. It was pretty deralibe so it could last
a very long time. That made it easier because they never had to get a new one they could save time
so they could always send

Understanding Telecommunications History And How It Works
Understanding Telecommunications History, and How It works in Present Day Society
Abstract:
This research paper will focus on the various aspects in telecommunications, and how it has
changed from the way that society has operated, with new and improved upon advanced technology.
It will describe the purposes and intents behind the development, including the historical creations
and deployment of the telecommunication infrastructures. It will examine the way personal and
professional end–users utilize these communicating systems, devices, and methods used today, from
a located to internationalized forum. It will also reflect on some of the advantages, and the
disadvantaged issues associated in usage, and through potential cyber–criminal activities, while the
rapid increase of such shows to move the public infrastructure towards an unparalleled chain of
continuous growth, in how we use these forms of communication, in every aspect of an end–users
personal and professional life, and the overall globalized effects in using this network.
Introduction: The history of tele–communications has had a historical impact upon our social,
environmental and cultural interactions. The ever advancing developments has proven to be of
significant importance, and has become a crucial step in the way tele–communication is viewed and
utilized. Through the implementation of IT development; the consumer or end ender is no longer
dependent upon the "master–servant" distribution.

Strategic Management Of Huawei
6. Chapter six: strategic management in Chinese companies.
6.1 Introduction
The growth of the Chinese economy, particularly in the past 20 years, has been staggering, today
Chinese competitiveness is no longer confined to lower–end production, and labor––intensive, low–
value–added goods. Chinese government are focused on helping Chinese companies move up the
industrial value chain, and assisting the international expansion of the Chinese companies'
globalization. And have made efforts to build internationally recognizable brands, government
encouragement of international expansion is driven by desire to reduce China's foreign exchange
reserves. For example, according to the Chines government's work plans for 2015, Chinese
government will further promote outward direct investment (ODI) activities, for sure the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Product cost–effective, fast delivery. Huawei's global 48% of workers engaged in research and
development work, as R&D spending will not be less than 10% of annual sales, these ensure the
company's leading technology and reserves, at the same time, due to Huawei's human resource cost
is lower than the developed countries, the product is much cheaper than. Huawei in the international
communications operators has gradually set up the image of a cost–effective, rapid response.
Advanced production technology system shortened product production cycle, improve the
production efficiency and production quality. A complete supplier certification process to ensure the
quality of the product and project implementation, win the fast, high quality and low cost more
competitive

A History Of Telecommunications Essay
Directions: Select a topic from the case studies in the text. You may choose any of the topics, except
those covered in previous assignments. Examples of topics you might investigate include: using
telecommunications to keep in touch with co–workers; telecommunications innovation; managing
telecommunications; emerging telecommunications technologies; and so on.
Do independent research on your topic and present your findings in a 15–20 page position paper
(based on the body of the paper, excluding references, abstracts, table of contents, etc). It is critical
that you display an understanding of material from the text and lectures. Your paper should
incorporate material from at least 5 sources. Appropriate sources are: ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
What I started to realize was that I can remember a time when if you wanted to keep in touch with
someone you actually had to mail them a letter. My father used to tell me stories about how he used
to listen to the Lone Range every week on the AM radio. But I remember watching Buck Rogers
and Star Trek on a tiny little black and white TV and what it felt like when we got our first color TV
set. Who knew that bugs bunny actually was still grey on a color TV or that Jerry was brown and
Tom, well he still had a hard time catching that mouse no matter what color he was. Now when I
watch my young children playing the Wii on the 55 inch HD plasma TV I remember my first game
of Pong I played on my Radio Shack TRS–80. I also remember having to go home to make a phone
call and often listen as my children are talking on my cell phone while we drive to grammas' house.
Then to top it off is that they don't know what life was like before the internet. So I decided to it
would be more interesting to take a historical walk through of some of the most significant
technology and telecommunications developments that I have been so privileged to see develop in
my lifetime.
Before I dive into the significant developments within my life I feel it is important to look back at
the broader scope of the history of telecommunications and technology to see some of the earlier
examples of

How Telecommunication from Start to Finish Has Changed...
How Telecommunication From Start To Finish
Has Changed Business
Abstract
This paper explores how telecommunications started in the 1800's and how we have developed this
technology in the United State and other countries around the world. It will explain the development
of the telephone, cable television, and the internet. There will be a brief history behind each
technology and how they all tie into each other now. It will also explain how telecommunication has
changed business forever, and will continue to change at an exponential rate. The
telecommunication industry has many new jobs that will be explained in this paper.
Telecommunications includes voice, video, and Internet communications services. The
telecommunications industry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 1940s and 1950s cable television had very poor reception until "community antennas" were
built on mountain tops or high points. In the late 1950s "distant signals" began to change the focus
of cable's role from one of transmitting local broadcast signals to one of providing new
programming choices. By 1962 there were around 850,000 subscribers and well known corporate
names began investing in the business (NCTA, 2010). In the 70s the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) started to enact regulations that limited the cable operators programming. This
is the time that the business aspect of cable television became a part of American history. When the
cable companies can regulate what people are able to get for free or at a lower rate, they can charge
more for other syndicated programming. From 1984 to 1992 the cable industry forked over more
than 15 billion dollars on the wiring of America. This was the largest private construction project
since World War II. In 2001 there were more than twenty two million cable customers in the United
States and now there are over 100 million cable subscribers in the US (NCTA, 2010). From the first
broadcast that Hoover made to having 8 million television sets in America it only took about 25
years. Now only 50 to 60 years later there TV's in cars, their light weight and flat, some are hand
held and some up to 77" in size. The one in Dallas Stadium is the largest TV in the world it is

Customer Retention in Telecom Industry
Customer Retention: With Special Reference to Telecommunication Industry in Sri Lanka
K. A. Silva
Lanka Com Services (Pvt) Limited, Colombo, Sri Lanka
S. T. W. S. Yapa
Department of Decision sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka samanyapa@sjp.ac.lk ABSTRACT
The landscape of the telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka has been changed drastically since
the deregulation of telecommunication sector in early 1990s. Number of service providers has been
increased from one, i.e state monopoly, to more than 70 within a short period of time. With the
increased competition telecom service providers find it difficult to retain the existing customers. In
that context the objective of this research explanatory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The relationship is seen as mediated by social norms and situational factors. Cognitive, affective,
and conative antecedents of relative attitude are identified as contributing to loyalty, along with
motivational, perceptual, and behavioural consequences ( Dick and Basu , 1994).
In the customer centred business, survival remains to the degree that customer satisfaction is met.
Previous research studies have shows that the repurchase intent was the main benefit of customer
retention. However, some had identified multiple benefits like repurchase intent, price tolerance,
willingness to recommend etc. In reaching retention, vendors should manage satisfaction and
consequences of Customer Loyalty (Naranyandas, 1998). Loyalty too has a pyramid effect that
suggests of having hierarchy in loyalty levels between customer and vendor. Change in loyalty level
will manifest itself in the presence of specific attitude and behaviour (Aaker, 1991).
Customer loyalty and satisfaction are integral part of customer retention process. Customer
Retention is a primary measure of loyalty. There is a positive relationship between changes in
satisfaction and share of wallet. In particular, the initial satisfaction level and the conditional
percentage of change in satisfaction significantly correspond to changes in share of wallet. Income
and length of the relationship negatively

Benefits Of Subscription Based Mobile Phone Contracts Essay
Subscription–based mobile phone contracts are one the areas which have driven the mobile phone
markets in developed countries but not in Indonesia. Despite the penetration being at 62.7%, it has
been largely dominated by the pre–paid networks that consist of a massive 95% of the market share
which also directs that the customers follow the 'Pay–as–you–go ' agenda. 1.4 Comparison to India:
1.4.a Indonesia – 1.4.b India: The above pie charts give the competition in telecom sectors in
Indonesia to India. Unlike India where the competition is much intense, In Indonesia, Telkomsel is
well ahead of their competitors. Hence getting into the market might be a bit hard but the
competition in the Indonesia's telecom sector is very less that can be inferred from the HHI Index
which scores Indonesia at 5,082. A score above 1,800 signifies highly concentrated market i.e., the
market doesn 't have enough competition between them. 1.5 Economic Cycles The performance of
telecom industry is dependent on the economy health of Indonesia owing to the presence of all
assets, operations, and customers in Indonesia itself. The unfavourable economic conditions could
result in less business activity, less disposable income available to consumers to spend and reduced
purchasing power will consequently reduce the demand for services which in turn will hit the
business and financial condition. Recalling the past economic crisis in 1997 that hit the South Asia
including Indonesia caused

Before Going Into Details Of Telecommunication (Telecom)
Before going into details of Telecommunication (Telecom) domain, let us first understand what
Domain knowledge is and why it is important in Software Industry:
In the past the testing was carried out only specific to application and there was not much
involvement of domain. But now a day with advancement in technology, demand, client expectation
it is highly important to have specific domain knowledge to test the specific application. The
domain knowledge is more and more essential since testers having domain knowledge can test
respective software better than others who have little or no knowledge of the domain.
Domain means the specific industry like Banking, Insurance Telecom etc. Usually while developing
any project or software domain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Knowledge on the Technical Terms of the domain
Usually a developer uses technical terms during discussion so for a tester domain knowledge is
helpful during such discussion. This will give added advantage to the testing team. If a tester has
domain knowledge then they can review the test cases technically and can able to compare the
business requirement and the test case flow.
5. Understanding of business processes and rules
Testers with domain knowledge can take participate in discussion with business team and
development team. Their knowledge will play vital role while representing organization in front of
the client. Such testers having detailed knowledge of domain processes and rules can easily spot
issues in the requirement document.
6. Asset to the organization
Testers with the domain knowledge can play a role of trainer to the new joiners in the organization.
This again saves costs for project and organization which may require for special trainer or
coaching.
Overview of Telecom Domain
Telecom industry is becoming top performing industry in last few years. This industry has unique
set of challenges from technology front and customer demands due to its wide range of different
sectors. Telecom industry consists of set of sectors like wireless communication, satellite
communication, Internet Service Provider etc. Telecom industry builds, maintain and operates
telecommunication network and it makes communication possible globally through

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