Child Labour In London In The Late 19Th Century

Child Labour In London In The Late 19th Century
Many children in London lived a similar life to those of the Cratchits' children. When times were tough it takes a lot of work to just get by. The
children of London in 1843, like the Cratchits, had a different home life, schooling, and opportunities like children have today. Children in the
Victorian times had a different life than children live in today's world. Child labor was very common in London in 1843. Child jobs included factory
workers, scaring birds from the field, and hat making (Victorian Children Organization). The children lived in tiny houses in the poor part of town. The
apartments had no plumbing or bathrooms since the people building them did not care about who would eventually live there. The lower class was
always wondering... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the awful parts about child labor in London in 1843 was the unfortunate working conditions for the children. The chimney sweepers was the
most unsafe job for the kids. The scots have always preferred to postpone the celebrations for a few to welcome in the new year, in the style that is
Hogmanay. Christmas day it did not become a holiday in the Scotland until many years after and it has been within the past 20–30 years that this has
been stretched to include Boxing Day. During the holidays (Johnson) the wealth generated by the new factories the Victorian age middle class
families in England and wales take time off work and celebrate over two days, Christmas day and box day December from the "rich folk" those
newfangled inventions, the railways allowed the country folk those newfangled inventions, the railways allowed the country folk had into the towns
and cities in looking for work to come home for a family holiday children attended the holiday celebration which bought fun things to do this was
middle class children and christmas stocking "at the start of Victorian reign children's toys tended to handmade and hence expensive the kids go home
for the holiday and a family christmas . On a normal
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Mass Immigration And Its Impact On The United States
In Britain, since the 1960's, there was mass immigration from many countries around the globe, including the majority of people coming from South
Asia, Africa and the West Indies. This mass immigration clearly had a direct impact on the transformation of London and turned it into the
'multi–ethnic city' that we have today. However, it is debatable whether this entire process of large scale immigration can be considered a 'smooth
process' due to the fact that there were many challenges that immigrants had to face upon arrival in Britain, as well as well as the backlash of
non–immigrants who were not particularly tolerant towards those who belonged to an ethnicity different to their own. Evidence shows that there were
many examples of segregation, discrimination and bigotry in London as well as a division in political opinions too. On the other hand, although there
were many issues and tensions arising during this period, it can also be seen that in some ways there were many positive outcomes as a result of the
large scale of immigration. One of the many ways that this can be seen is through the gradual change in many people's attitudes towards different
ethnic backgrounds, a beginning of integration between people belonging to different ethnic backgrounds and an increasing sense of community
between the people of London.
Whilst analysing the scale of immigration since the 1960's and transformation of London into a multi–ethnic city, many historians would agree with the

Should The Thames Tideway Tunnel Go Ahead?
Should the Thames Tideway Tunnel Go Ahead?
Executive Summary
Joseph Bazalgette built London's current sewage system in the 1960's and, at the time of construction, they stopped the spread of Cholera which was
rapidly spreading amongst Londoners at the time. The system also brought an end to the Great Stink of London. (BBC History, 2016)
Introduction to the Thames Tideway Tunnel
The construction of the Thames Tideway Tunnel is an eight–year project starting in 2016 with the projected completion date in 2023. The tunnel is
being constructed in order to address the issue of London's overflowing sewer system. The current 20,000 miles of networked sewage pipes were built
in the 1860's by Joseph Bazalgette and they are failing to meet 21st century demands with London's growing population and increasing levels of
rainwater ending up in the sewers. The sewers were designed so that rare overflows would be flushed into the river, however, at the time of
construction this only happened on average once a year and now it happens on a weekly basis resulting in 39 million tonnes of raw sewage ending up
in the River Thames every year. (BBC News, 2014) (Super Sewer: An Introduction to the Thames Tideway Tunnel Project in London, 2016) According
to Phil Stride from Thames Water, "It is absolutely not consistent for a world–leading city to be using its river as an open sewer", and it is because of
this that the Thames Tideway Tunnel became the proposed solution to London's sewage problems.

Importance Of A Healthy City
Cities are amongst the greatest of human creations. The definition of a healthy city by the World Health Organization is one that continually creates,
improves its physical and social environment and expands the community resources that enable people to mutually support each other in performing all
the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential. (''What is a healthy city?'') Such that, the health is a crucial factor in shaping a healthy
living environment as it can be a clear indicator showing the quality of life of the city. In the 21st century, the city is managed and organised by the
government in order make sure the city is operating efficiently and healthily to provide an ideal living environment for residents. It is controversial that
what area should the city take care of the individuals while health is mentioned most of the time. In many studies and researches, the case happened in
history, and present–days has indicated that the city should take responsibility for the health of its individual in the 21st century. The responsibilities of
health management can be applied directly or indirectly through policies to sustain the quality of the environment and the health of individuals. It is not
only about the economic development, but also the health of individuals. It is true that health cannot be assured by the city, but the public health can be
kept to a high standard while the city which is the government and the individual taking care of it

Reasons Why Paris Became The 21st Century Most Important...
Paris became the first capital city of fashion and whether it can still be considered the 21st Century most important fashion city.
Introduction
The definition of fashion capital – In furthermore, Cities that are known worldwide and recognized by the fashion industry, known for a range of roles
that associate with such businesses, entertainment and unique international profile. The points I will be addressing in this essay is how the historical
past of Paris became an influence of fashion in the late 17th Century and how they have maintain their reputation of their culture and style overs past
century, and the difference between Paris and other fashion capital which makes them so unique and whether they will be still considered as the 21st
Century most important fashion city.
History
There are many reasons why Paris is the capital of fashion. One core reason brings us back in the late 17th Century. Although this debate is
justifiable, the source of how fashion expanded and became so much part of today world. Firstly, Fashion started too bloomed in France in the 17th
Century. Paris own their respect and status of becoming the first fashion capital to "Louis XIV" known as the "Sun King" who was king of France in
the late 16th Century. He desire was to turn France into absolutist state, where nobles and people who inherited royalty hold great power. Louis was
responsible for delivering his own unique style of fashion to France. He started many trends around France, such as

Victorian Era In The Victorian Era
As I began my journey through this research project I knew I wanted to focus on England, as it is one of the oldest counties and has such an
intriguing story. With a history filled with rises and falls in laced with power and corruption and flourishing fueled by the industrial revolution,
England is a legend in itself. Riddled with rolling hills and intricate underlying structures that make England's geographical map look more like the
work of a craftful painter. (England) As I peeled back the many layers of English history I found myself entranced by theVictorian Era. Its namesake
Queen Victoria, known for bring respect and honor back to the royal family. This was founded upon one of the earliest constitutional monarchs in
the world, that is still in place today. The Victorian era had a very harsh and unforgiving economy that led to poverty flooding throughout the
country, and a hate for immigrants rising. The lives of the people were influenced heavily by the church and controlled almost all of their daily lives.
(Victorian era England & Life of Victorians) Looking throughout the many years of the Victorian era, one year stuck out to me as a very important
time for England. This year was 1888, in the wake of the industrial revolution big business thrived while poverty was at an all time high and the
country was in fear due to the Jack the Ripper murders. (White) Through these two events arised a whole new kind of journalism, called "new
journalism". (Schlack)

Ghost Map Analysis
Alyssa Douglas
NS 350
Ghost Map
In 1854 the city London was the most populated in the world. In just ninety square miles there was over two million currently living there. During this
time period having so many people in such a tight place was unknown. With the constant population growth it caused a number of problems. The main
problem that was faced was the mass amount of waste and where to put it. Families used water closets, but even with the water closets their waste was
emptied into cesspools. It wasn't uncommon for these cesspools to over fill often, even with night– soil men continuously emptying them. The streets of
London were fifthly. With the constant mass amounts of waste the London government came to a decision to dump of the... Show more content on
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The miasma theory was the thought that the terrible smells must be able to carry disease, therefore cause illness. For a long time a practicing
physician by the name of John snow theorized that the miasma theory was false and that instead disease was spread by water contamination. He
used his theory of disease transmission and started investigating. For about four or five years John Snow theorized that cholera came from
contaminated water. This was a very taboo theory and confused the citizens who believed in the miasma theory. He experimented over and over
again On august 28th 1854, a baby contracted cholera at the broad street pump in So ho. The broad street pump was known for the best water in all
of so ho and it was widely used. The baby contaminated the broad street pump and 2–3 days later one of London's biggest outbreaks of cholera broke
out. Literally 10% of the neighborhood died in seven days. Entire family's were dying after 48 hours of being contaminated with it. Snow heard
about this huge outbreak and was brave enough to dive in and look into this situation because it might just be enough to convince people to go
against the miasma theory. John Snow was able to pin point a single point source on the source of so many illnesses, the broad street pump. This was
easy to identify because it was so widely used. It was killing so many people in one area, one area tends to have the same water

Queen Elizabeth 1 Research Paper
In the sixteenth century, London, England, many events happened to the good and for the worse. Many things happened that were positive for
London, here are a few. Queen Elizabeth I ruled the largest city in both Britain and Europe, London. Theater became quite popular to go watch,
Shakespeare was widely regarded for his playwrights. Just when things are getting good the negative stuff happens and kills thousands. The black
death or bubonic plague broke out, no one was safe, not even the monarch. No matter was social ranking you were, you still were affected by good
and evil. Social ranking affectingly played a big part in living quarters, money, marriage, and safety at the time. The reign of Queen Elizabeth 1 is
often referred to as The Golden Age. Queen Elizabeth I became one of the most beloved monarchs due to her amazing accomplishments in her
lifetime. "The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is often referred to as The Golden Age of English history"
("Heather Sharnette"). After a year in prison for a crime she didn't commit she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The biggest negative impact in London was the Bubonic Plague or Black Death. "The country area and villages were not exempt from the disease
either – there was no hiding place" ("Linda Alchin"). Although there was no cure for it, various concoctions were created from parts of the body
with various diseases. The Bubonic Plague was the greatest fear of its time, even the Queen herself feared it. The Queen took great lengths to not
catch and die from this terrible disease, she moved to another estate far from London, stopped trade with English cities and hung anybody that could
be a possible carrier of the plague. Other people weren't so lucky as the Queen, they sent the contaminated a few miles away from the healthy, but the
disease still continued to spread and kill. From the beginning, 1563, the black death ended up claiming around 80,000 people in

Overcrowding and Housing in Nineteenth-Century London...
Overcrowding and Housing in Nineteenth–Century London
From 1801 to 1851, the population of London grew from under 1 million inhabitants to 2.25 million. This was due in large part to immigration, both
from other countries and from the countryside of England. Hundreds of thousands of people were moving to the newly industrialized cities and towns
to find work, having been squeezed off the land because of the enclosure of farms. There was also displacement of the working–class within the city of
London because of a number of construction projects. There were street improvement schemes in which tenements were razed in order to widen the
passages. The transformation of part of the city into a non–residential district devoted to finance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of every three inhabitants of flats of 4 or less rooms, irrespective of class, were overcrowded. In 1866, the Sanitary Act defined overcrowding as
less than 400 cubic feet for each adult living in a room day and night, or 300 cubic feet for a sleeping room. For children, these dimensions were
halved. This means that a man, woman, and one child living in a room 8'x10'x10' would be considered overcrowded. For statistical and census
purposes, the London City Council ignored cubic capacity, and counted anything beyond two people per room as overcrowded. Hector Gavin, a
lecturer in forensic medicine at Charing Cross Hospital estimated that if all the windows and doors of a typical laborers tenement were shut(against
the cold, for example), the maximum length a man could survive before all available oxygen was consumed was seven hours. The Window Tax of
1695, which taxed any opening in a building's exterior walls, was finally repealed by the first Public Health Act of 1848.
As the problem of overcrowding became more and more evident, several remedies were tried. There was some individual philanthropy, model
dwellings were built by "philanthropic capitalists," legislation was passed prohibiting overcrowding, slums were torn down(which, of course, only
worsened the problem by displacing more people), there was suburban speculative development closely following the development of the railroad
which provided cheap, rapid transit to the newly–forming

Essay on London's Economy
King (1990, page x) argues that the dissolution of empire has been critical to the growth of world cities. How far does this apply to
London?
Modern patterns of development and growth have been shaped and influenced by the historical context of colonialism. Within this context relationships
between capitalist and pre–capitalist states or colonies helped forge a world economy, which would later lead to processes of globalisation and the
current economic world order.
Expansion in the world economy has been exacerbated by the freer flow of labour, goods, services and capital, which are features of the post–war,
post–colonial world. King contends that these factors have been "critical to the growth of world cities." (King, 1990: ... Show more content on
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H.G Wells described his impression of imperialLondon:
"It's a great place. Immense. The richest town in the world, the biggest port, the greatest manufacturing town, the imperial city – the centre of
civilisation, the heart of the world." (Wells H.G, 1908:73)
In this essay I will be discussing the significance of King's argument with reference to the city of London. Imperial London will be introduced
followed by a discussion of London's decline and its patterns of modern growth in order to ascertain how far King's argument applies to the City.
Different types of growth are included, but emphasis is largely placed on the geographical and economic dimensions of London's change and
development.
London's imperial role was crucial to the expansion of its fortunes.
Growth was inextricably linked with the colonial empire and took place in several key areas during the colonial interlude. London's Docklands
represented a melting pot of colonial trade and commerce and were a critical facet of London's (and Great Britain's) economy that fed aspects of
growth into the city centre and enabled it to thrive. In
1700 London handled 80% of the country's imports and 69% of its exports. Trade with colonies in the Caribbean, Southeast Asia and the
Indian Sub–Continent brought in tea, china, rice, tobacco and spices to the City and in 1799 the West India Company began to build docks on the Isle
of Dogs

Cholera In The Ghost Map
The Ghost Map Steven Johnson provides a thought–provoking observation of the bacterial disease cholera in his book The Ghost Map. He explores
the means by which the deadly Vibrio Cholorae was able to devastate a developing section of London in only a week's time at the start of September
in 1854. Johnson offers details on the development of cities, which supplied the perfect environment for the bacterium to thrive and kill off thousands
of people in weeks. Before the 1854 epidemic, Cholera was an unidentifiable mystery to the scientists and thinkers of London. Theories of how the
illness spread and how it was to be cured varied extensively, each concept with its own unwavering supporters eager to spread their ideas while
debunking others. In The Ghost Map, Johnson tells the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The conditions described by Johnson were unavoidably accompanied by an elevated death rate. The first huge disease that coursed through the filthy
city was the Black Death; outbreaks of the bubonic plague occurred until 1655. In 1832 the first outbreak of Cholera occurred in Britain. It would not
be the last. Cholera most likely originated in India as many as 1,000 years ago. The earliest documentation of recorded symptoms is from a medical
report written in 1563. Later, the first cholera pandemic initiated in 1817 when the bacterium spread from India to Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Russia,
the East African coast and the Middle East and lasted until 1823. Modernization eventually increased the extent of the illness through providing means
by which the bacteria could spread. On its own, Cholera would have remained separated from the rest of the world by miles of land and sea, but
technological innovations connected the continents, and it did not take long for the bacteria to infect the precise human beings who would provide
them safe travel. In 1826, unknowing merchants inadvertently carried the disease over trade

Why did women face barriers in their education and...
Throughout history, the role of women has often carried a prejudice which has been embedded within society politically, socially and financially across
the world. Although arguably one of the most liberal countries constitutionally, such chauvinism has indeed occurred within Britain, particularly during
the Victorian Era. This restricted participation for women can be exemplified clearly in two main areas; education and politics. With universal
compulsory education in Britain only being constitutionally enforced with the 1870 Education Act1, women had little opportunity to gain any form of
coherent education in the early 19 th century; tuition was largely confined to the upper class, and even then, through instruction of private ... Show more
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Acting as figurehead of the family, it was the man's opinion, and thus, his vote, that represented the opinions shared by the entirety of the family,
including that of his wife. Even so, women still proved they could be active politically without having the ability to vote; highlighted by their
involvement in the Chartist movement. Throughout the movement, thousands of women joined chartist societies, and by actively campaigning, gave
themselves a political voice and helped
5 Bernard Lightman, 'Victorian Religions and Sciences: Discordant Harmonies', Osiris, 2/16 (2001), p. 344.
6 Susan Bayley, Victorian Values: An Introduction, (Montreal: Dawson College, 2008), p.108
7 Ibid. p. 112.
8 Rhodri Hayward, Science and Gender in Victorian Britain, Lecture at Queen Mary, University ofLondon, 15th
October 2013.
9 'Local Government Act 1894', Government Legislation, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/56
–57/73
generate arguably one of the largest movements in British history10. However, in spite of this, the movement failed in achieving its aims, undermining
the political involvement and affect of the women involved. Therefore, due to the traditional family values endorsed by the church, women were
pressured to marry, losing their opportunity to vote, or qualify to, and thus, a chance to participate in Victorian society politically.
Scientific knowledge of the time constituted a great deal of influence in determining the

Meaning Of Cockney Rhyming Slang
Language – self–evident though it may appear, the term can signify an astonishing variety of interrelated concepts; one may perceive language as a
means of communication, while others may see it as a medium for thought or a catalyst for social relations. Notwithstanding, the following article shall
focus on language, or to be more explicit, its basic components, namely words, as the carriers of the speaker's emotions. Due to the fact that emotionally
laden units, such as maledictions, constitute an evergreen source of controversy, they tend to be supplanted by miscellaneous alternative expressions;
hence, the following study shall explore perhaps the most peculiar disguise mechanism, namely Cockney Rhyming Slang.
The salient aim ascribed to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Defining Slang
Before we embark on a detailed study concerning Cockney Rhyming Slang (henceforth CRS), we shall endeavor to define the relevant
superordinate term, namely slang. Innocuous as it may seem at first sight, the term was initially perceived as a corruption of language, as
evidenced by the preliminary data provided by OED, according to which [slang is] the special vocabulary used by any set of persons of a low or
disreputable character; language of a low and vulgar type. The following meaning, which apparently originated in the 18th century among organized
criminals (Ayto 2005), was soon extended to still fairly unfavorable sense of a language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of
standard educated speech [...]. Nonetheless, after the mid–eighteenth century, the concept in question has gradually started to shed the pejorative patina
(Mattiello 2008); therefore, currently many – or perhaps most – lexicographic works provide rather neutrally hued definitions of slang. As an
illustration, let us now

Essay Law and Order in London in Late Nineteenth Century
Law and Order in London in Late Nineteenth Century
The British police force came to being in the late eighteenth century. By 1800 there were only 2 police forces in the whole of Britain, both of which
were in London. One was the Bow street runners, which was set up in 1749 and the other, was the Thames River police force, which by then was only
2 years old. The main turning point for policing as far as London is concerned came in 1829 when 'Sir Robert Peel', the home secretary of the time,
created and set up a new police force, the metropolitan Police force.
The metropolitan police force was set up to carry out all the jobs that the watchmen and special constables did before them. Their ... Show more content
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Each division was in charge of the area that was assigned to them and then sometimes for big cases other divisions under the met would join up and
work together.
There were many things that were expected of people who took on the job and responsibilities of a metropolitan police officer. The ideal recruit
would be someone who was under 35 but over 20, well built, at least five foot seven, literate and of good character, but of course not all recruits were
like this and in the beginning a lot of recruits had to be dismissed. The most common reason for being dismissed would be drunkenness.
At the beginning the police were not really there to solve the crimes, only to prevent them from happening. But gradually this changed and by 1842 the
first detectives were introduced. Now as well as trying to prevent crime, they also tried to solve it. Although some work had to be put into it before the
detectives were successful. As they didn't have the technology advances for policing that we have today and the main way to catch a criminal was to
catch them in the act or to have a confession from the criminals themselves.
The police had to deal with many different types of crime in the late nineteenth century ranging from minor crimes such as pick pocketing, drunkeness
and prostitution to more major crimes such as

Waste In The Victorian Era
Sewage would only worsen the issues of the Victorian Era making it terribly inferior to many citizens of London. Hospitals were not the only problem
because the disposal of waste might have been just as evenly bad. "How to dispose of the accumulated waste was a problem that preoccupied the
minds of countless reformers, engineers, scientists, and amateur sanitarians, but the problem acquired a particular urgency because the retention of
waste in the city was associated with disease and even death..." (Cleansing the City p. 9–10). Many places in London had terrible sewage issues and it
became evident that the sewage was so bad because no one knew how to dispose of the waste. The waste was very dangerous and many people did
not want to deal with it due to the many diseases and bad liabilities carried with it. The nineteenth century needed a sanitary reform right away
because in many places like London were being taken over and run by sanitation issues. "Together the two passages reveal the heightened symbolism
of filth in the period and, more specifically, the way filth embodied the challenges of the urban condition. Indeed, sanitary discourse became an
important vehicle for expressing concerns about the disorder associated with the Victorian city" (Cleansing the City p. 14). The following two
passages the author is referring to are from Dombey and Son by Charles Dickens, an influential writer of the Victorian Era. London was literally
demanding change because the sanitary reform

England Throughout History
England. What is the first word you think of when you hear, England? You may think of their history and its effect. Another thought that could be is
London. London is the capital and heart of England that has its own history. Throughout history England has contributed so much, good and bad. With
that contribution England is one of the well most known country that is known for poise, history, and tradition.
English history began in 500,000 BC with a boxgrove man from West Sussex. He was the first human known in England. In 55 BC Julius Ceasar
invaded England for Rome. After Cesar took control Roman control lasted for 400 years. From 449–550 Jutes, Angles, and Saxons arrived in England
and took control. In the beginning of the ninth century the Vikings came and invaded England. The Vikings controlled North and East England. In 897
Alfred the great defeated the vikings living in England. Another important date in England's history is 1067 when the Tower ofLondon began being
structured. (England. China: CTSP, 2010. Print) In 1154 Henry II becomes the king. The next king, John became king in 1215 and signed the magna
carta. 1348–49 was a hard time for England because the black death kills one third of the population. A long time after the black death was over in
1476 William Caxton set up England's first printing service. In 1485 Henry VII is crowned the King of England. Also during 1485 the "Act of Union"
unified the England, Wales, and Scotland. The three countries were

Prostitution In 19th Century London
Prostitution flourished in nineteenth century London. By 1875 there were more than 75,000 full–time prostitutes. Whitechapel, a district in the East of
London, was one of the most crowded places on earth with over 30,000 people in a square mile. Because of overpopulation, people did whatever they
could do to make money. Synagogues, kosher butchers, barbers and tailors' shops were abandoned because of lack of customers and income. Burglary,
fencing, illicit liquor and other underworld activities flourished, but prostitution and white sex slavery were rampant. Serial homicide became an
indicator for the clash of industrialization and human alienation which made it easier for the first modern day serial killer, Jack the Ripper, to
maneuver around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The victims, Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes and Mary Jane Kelly, known as the "canonical five", were
all brutally murdered and mutilated in the early morning hours. The killings coincided with the theatrical release of Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr.
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and the publishing of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes, which many Ripperologists think may not be a coincidence. Jack
the Ripper is the most notorious killer of the 19th century because of his brutality, anonymity and media coverage. The Ripper's murders became
more and more violent with each victim. They were brutal, but at the same time very precise and efficient. Doctors and surgeons were amazed by his
handiwork and believed that even they would have trouble inflicting injuries as masterfully as the Ripper did. Some believe that these killings
improved the medical system because the doctors tried to compete with the Ripper to prove their "aesthetic and scientific mastery." (card 3) At this
time, the murder of prostitutes was not uncommon and were an easy target. In early April 1888, Emma Smith was killed in a gang attack, but some
believe she may have been the first victim. She survived the initial attack, but later

The Problem Of Living In London In The 19th Century
Living in London in 1854 was quite possibly terribly horrific. There had been a massive increase in the population in recent years and as a result there
was an increase in the amount of waste produced. This waste was, for a while, managed properly, but in the middle of the 19th century the Soho
neighborhood became quarters for the cholera bacterium. The disease puzzled many but it was through the workings of John Snow and Henry
Whitehead that resulted in a realization of the causes of the outbreak. Their methods of research were the start of greater concern over public health.
Living in London in the 1800s was living in one of the most populous cities in the world. There was a massive growth of population during this
time and this resulted in a sequential increase in waste produced. This was a problem. Unlike the Romans who had very efficient systems for the
removal of waste , the people of London had improper ways of emptying the waste, merely discarding it into gutters in the streets. These gutters were
typically emptied at night, however the task became especially difficult as the population grew, and keeping up with the amount of waste became
similarly problematic. Often these drains would overflow and eventually the decision was made to dump the excess waste into the nearby river, the
Thames . Combined, these factors led up to the Broad Street outbreak of cholera in 1854 London. This epidemic was massive, ending in over 500
people dead and few houses on that street

The Writing Style Of Sherlock Holmes In The 19th Century
Another reason for appreciating Conan Doyle's writing was the substancial increase in the number of educated people in the Victorian time which
provoked the increasing number of potential readers. Doyle`s writing style was not complicated, his preference to avoid difficult language appealed to
different types of readers of the 19th century. As it was mentioned before, the middle of the nineteenth century was the beginning of educational reform
movement which culminated with the 1870 Elementary Education Act (Hewitt 496). It was very important that the basic reading skills were enough
to read Doyle's books, and there was no need for specific knowledge.
The stories of Sherlock Holmes were shorter than books of the other writers of that time, and did not require plenty of time for reading. In fact, it was
a tendency for the writers of the nineteenth century to create books consisting of several volumes and hundreds of pages (Luebering 81). People who
were able to read just for entertainment in most cases belonged to the particular parts of society, such as members of the upper ... Show more content on
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Conan Doyle created one that was very realistic and appealing to the reader`s mind in that period of time. Policemen are shown as silly and useless
creatures in the stories, unable to solve even a basic crime, in comparison with brilliant Sherlock Holmes, who always detect a criminal. The Doyle`s
character of the head of Scotland Yard, Inspector Lestrade, and other policemen agreed withLondon citizens' attitude to their work perfomance in the
middle of the nineteenth century. Their work was useless and ineffective, which resulted in various anecdotes and jokes about "valiant" Englishpolice.
Victorian London was one of the biggest criminal centres in the world, and while the number of criminals was growing substantially, London police
was not able to cope with an increasing crime rate (Andersson

Fashion In The 1800s
With over thousands of clothing collections from prehistoric life to the present, the Museum of London, Victoria and Albert Museum, and the Fashion
Museum in Bath allow visitors to observe the many changes that occurred in fashion throughout the years. With my prior knowledge about the 1800s
fashion styles, I began to focus on a different era within the 19th century at each museum. Focusing on different eras enabled me to thoroughly analyze
and compare each fashion style.
During the Romantic era, 1820s through 1850s, a transition was made from the former Empire style to the new Romantic style. In women's clothing,
waistlines began to increase and skirts were becoming fuller in size and appearance. Skirts were cut in an A–shape with the hem of the skirt being the
fullest and the top of the skirt being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This design gave women a rounded dress waist. I observed that this made the clothing appear shapeless. During my visit at the Fashion Museum in
Bath, I noticed that the morning dresses were simple in color and shape. A solid example of the simplicity of fashion during the Romantic era was a
cherry colored striped morning dress located in the museum. The dress had a satin and net trimming at hem of the skirt, which was the only intricate
detail on the dress. The cherry and peach striped color combination showed that fashion during this era became brighter and wider, mainly along the
hemlines. During the Romantic era, the sleeves were built on an inverted triangle bodice. The sleeves on the cherry striped dress had puffed shoulders
with a tight cuff and underneath were special sleeves that were tied to the arm. After a thorough

London Fog In The 18th Century
On December 5th, 1952, London began to go through its "I want to resemble a post–apocalyptic city" phase. Smog shrouded the entire city in it's
smothering blanket, and many were hospitalized because of the deadly illnesses they contracted. Others were not as fortunate and turned into one more
number on the steadily increasing death toll. Much harm was inflicted onto both the people and environment of London during the worsening
conditions of the days that followed the first, and a lesson was learned the hard way.
THE STORY The LondonSmog was an evitable disaster but the problem was that no one knew that they were bringing it on. London's air conditions
had been bad since the 1200's and they just started to get worse in the 1600's. In the year of 1952, December, the weather was significantly colder
than previous winters and that led to the burning of more coal in fireplaces around houses in London. Back then, coal was very low–quality and
sulphurous, thus, many sulphur dioxides were released into the air. Along with the toxins, there was an anticyclone which caused cooler weather and
fog began to form throughout the city. The fog, chimneysmoke, vehicle exhaust gases and sulphur dioxides all mixed together to create a very
dangerous smog. By the time the people of London realised they needed to slow down the rate at which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Upon having this epiphany, new regulations were introduced to the city of London in the form of the "Clean Air Act of 1956". The act included a new
set of rules stating that there would now be certain "smoke control areas–only" where they would be allowed to burn only smokeless fuels. Along with
this, London started to make an attempt at reducing smoke pollution and sulphur dioxides by using higher quality coals, electricity or gas. They also
made plans to make the chimneys taller and relocate some of the power

Overcrowding and Urban Planning in Victorian London Essay
Victorian London in Charles Dickens era was a city suffering under the weight of the masses of people that lived there. In Dickens' time, London was
the largest city in the world, both due to its population increase and the urban sprawl caused by influx of so many people. There were nearly 4 million
inhabitants of the 'Great City' at the height of the Victorian age. This number was an increase of nearly three million people over a period of
approximately 30 years, there were many problems associated with such explosive growth, problems which were most recognizable during Charles
Dickens lifetime.
The migration from rural settings to an urban setting was common throughout the country but mainly in London, which was prompted by the lack ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
H. J. Dyos writes in his book, Exploring the Urban Past: Essays in urban history, of the Select Committee of 1838:
'other public benefits might in some cases be derived simultaneously with that principal object',(1) in particular the partial clearance of the 'Rookery'
of St. Giles' by means of an extension of Oxford Street to Hart Street. They based these conclusions on a mass of evidence they had taken on the
desirability of improved both public health and morals, and they had been regaled by the first hand accounts of the brutish horrors of slum life in
various parts of central London. It was hardly surprising, therefore, that they insisted that the most important improvements . . . are in direct
proportion to the degree in which they embrace all the great purposes of amendment in respect of health and morals . . . by the removal of
congregations of vice and misery, and the introduction of a better police.(2) (Dyos 86)
As a result of overcrowding, the sanitation issue had to be contended with first and foremost. The expansion and improvement of the streets, and the
expansion of the rail system (including the Underground) would in turn lead to implementation of the sewer system (which in London emptied into the
Thames.) When new streets were being planned or tramways being laid (for the omnibuses), the main concern was not for aesthetics, but for sanitation.
When questioned by the Royal Commission on Metropolitan

Tourism In London Essay
Have you ever been to London? Are you curious to know more about the places to visit in London?
This article would help you a lot to know more about the best places to visit in London. In addition, this article would introduce to you more
information about tourism in London. So Let's start.
Tourism in London:
London population is about more than eight million people, and its area covers more than 600 square meters.
London is considered as one of the world's top tourist attraction destinations. In fact, about 15 million visitors come to London every year for the
purpose of tourism in London.
These 15 million people who visit London each year, concentrate mainly on the cultural and London tourist attractions within the city and its immediate
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
19–Syon House and Conservatory
One of the places to visit in London is the Syon House in Brentford, which is originally a 15th–century monastery. It was one of the architectural
jewels on the periphery of London. It was redesigned in the 18th century by architect Robert Adam.
The Syon House is noted for its 54–acre park and gardens, including the magnificent Great Conservatory, which was built in the 1920s.
20–Wimbledon
Just when you hear the word Wimbledon, then you are surely talking about tennis.
Actually, Wimbledon is famous for being the venue of the world's most famous tennis tournament.
It is one of the highlights of the UK's summer social and sporting calendars.
The site is also home to the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum, which is the most modern and attractive of its kind.
It includes a multitude of exhibits and interactive displays, where the museum includes a 3D cinema that allows the visitors to experience the true thrill
as of being on the center court.
In summary, tourism in London is fantastic, and you would be very busy as long as you have been there, as London has many attractive places to
visit. We tried in this article to choose some of the best places to visit in London, to help you to set your plan for the places to visit, however, London
has more and more beautiful

Should Public Money Be Paid For No Public Subsidy?
Arts organisations receiving grants and funding in today 's society is becoming increasingly sparse, as public money is being cut left, right and centre.
So why is it still ok that large, seemingly upper class, arts institutions are receiving millions of pounds of funding each year, to put on productions only
enjoyed by a tiny minority of the population, while arguably more important organisations are falling further and further into debt? In this essay, I will
be discussing the reasons why it is morally wrong for opera to receive large public subsidy.
One main reason why public money being used to pay for opera is morally wrong is because the figures aren 't just large, they 're astronomical in some
cases. Take for example, the English National Opera (ENO). The ENO began back in 1931, and is one of the principal opera companies in London, and
is based in the Coliseum.Being one of the principal opera companies in the country, the ENO gets a large proportion of it 's income through grants
from the Arts Council in England. For the year 2012/2013, the ENO received a sum of ВЈ17,078,000 from the Arts Council.This is a huge amount of
money. On the ENO website, they state that as well as the Arts Council grant, they have some self–generated income that they generate through their
ticket sales and donations. They say that "for every pound of subsidy, ENO raises an equivalent amount through these sources: grants (47.5%), ticket
sales (25%), fundraising (15%) and exploitation

Late 19th Century Law and Order Essay
Late 19th Century Law and Order
Thick green smog hung in the air and filth ran in the streets. 19th century London was not a nice place to live. Crime was on the up with burglaries,
drunkenness and assault being just some of the crimes committed. Women got a rough deal. There was no work available to them so many women
turned to prostitution and alcoholism. Surprisingly enough, however, the percentages of violent deaths was very low, with around 15 murders, and 50
cases of manslaughter a year.
The London police force has been active since 1829, when uniformed officers patrolled the streets. Named after their founder, Sir Robert Peel,
"bobbies" tried to keep order in the streets of London. They ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This form of attack is known as garrotting. In the area of Whitechapel, prostitutes were frequently mugged for their night's earnings this way. Larceny
was also widespread. Criminals would frequently break into people's houses and steal their belongings, resulting in many people having locks fitted on
their doors. Many people were also pick pocketed, mainly due to the crowded and busy streets, and coupled with the fact that many people were
unsuspecting; the poor had many victims to choose from and find what they could.
Demonstrations also required a lot of policing. Two of the most famously violent protests were "black Monday" (8th February 1866) and "bloody
Sunday." (13th November 1866). "Bloody Sunday" happened when the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) organised a meeting for 13th February,
1887 in Trafalgar Square to protest against the policies of the Conservative Government headed by the Marques of Salisbury. The government decided
to ban the meeting and the police were given the orders to stop the marchers entering Trafalgar Square. The SDF decided to continue with their
planned meeting and as a result the marchers were attacked by the police. Three people died and over 200 were injured. "Black Monday" happened on
Monday 8 February when two rival organisations, the London United Workmen's Committee and H.F. Hyndman's

20th Century London Research Paper
In the 20th century, London, England was at its most prime. London started the 20th century as the capital of the world's largest Empire and Britain's
most ruling city. In the 20th century, London had a booming economy. London had the largest industrial centre in Britain and about five million
Londoners had solid jobs. London's main source of jobs was its mighty docks complex.''1 Due to London's industrialization, London began its first
motor bus service in 1904, followed by the first underground electric train, the subway, in 1906.''2 Although the economy was very superior, the health
of the people was not. "Other than vaccination ... we think that a complete system of notification of the disease accompanied by an immediate hospital
isolation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
London became one of the first megacities of the world, people were streaming in, because of London's industrial revolution. Even immigrants from
other European countries were coming. Britain's colonies migrated to London in the 1950a and 1960s. One–fourth of London's population was
immigrants or the immigrant's offsprings. London grew very steadily at this time. Londo has about two hundred thousand people at the beginning of
the 17th century, but the numbers went down drastically because of the two plagues and the Great fire. After these disasters, London rebuilt itself
with houses made of brick and stone. Since this, London grew at a steady pace and is still growing. About one million people lived in London at the
beginning of the industrial revolution, and it kept growing. London was the largest city in the entire world. Due to London growing at a rapid pace,
she had to find some way of transportation. A result to this was the underground railway. London was the first city in the world to do so. After World
War Two, London tried to rebuild, but the builders did not want London endlessly expand in all directions. As a result of this, Londoners created a
"green belt" around the city, to stop it from

The Cholera Spread In London In The 19th Century
The cholera has been the most terrifying disease spreading in London in the middle of nineteenth century, which is an infection caused by strains of
the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. In the summertime of 1854 London was known as one of the most advanced and fashionable cities in the world with
almost 2.5 million people living there. Because of the overpopulation, the city was having a difficult time to provide basic needs for the residents.
According to Johnson (2006) the biggest existing problem within the city at that time was its lack of waste removal system. The human trash was
piling up from the houses to the rivers and drinking water, which has led to the perfect conditions for a number of diseases and more precisely that is
when the cholera ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After interviewing more people who had relatives died, Snow find out that many people drank water from Broad Street Pump on their way to work or
school. Johnson (2006) says, "Many Soho residents who lived closer to other pumps – one on Rupert Street and another on Little Marlborough – opted
to walk an extra few blocks for the refreshing taste of Broad Street`s water. It was colder than the water found at the rival pumps; it had a pleasant
hint of carbonation" (p.30). He also discovered that there was not a single death recorded among the workers at Lion Brewery on Broad Street.
They were rarely seen to drink water from the pump because of the liquor they received as a part of their wages (Johnson, 2006, p.142). Another
important observation Snow has made is about the death of the widow Susanna Eley who used to live in Broad Street, but after a while she moved
to Hampstead (Johnson, 2006, p.143). By asking her sons Snow found out that she drank the Broad Street water as she loved it taste and even more,
she had it delivered to the new house. After collecting all this information Snow had strong evidence that the source of the cholera outbreak was
exactly the Broad Street pump. He came up with a plan how to deal with the cholera outbreak and went to the Board of St. James Parish where he
convinced the local officials that the pump

Industrialization During The 19th Century
Life in the 19th century changed rapidly due to the influences of the industrial revolution, which lead to the mass production of goods, making
products more affordable for common people. Industrialisation lead to urbanisation and more people flocked from rural areas to towns creating
more disease, and by the end of the 1800's 80% of the population of Britain lived in cities. Steam powered cotton factories supplied half of the world
and coal mining, in areas such as Newcastle, expanded to meet the demands of railway construction. Ship building increased and so did engineering.
Farming was still big and machinery was easier to use and faster. Craftsman, blacksmiths and carpenters could be found in rural areas, and lace making
was a popular industry there too. Factories were ill–equipped but the conditions were bad. Children were regularly used as they were ideal to do jobs
in small spaces and for cleaning. The state took over from the private, and law makers such as trade unions addressed and improved working
conditions, particularly child labour. The 1833 factory act improved conditions for children and forbade factory owners from working children
under 16 to work longer than 10 hours each day, and that children under 13 years were to get at least 2 hours of education per day. There also
became a provide for inspectors. Working conditions continued to improve for the working poor, especially children and in the 1840's legislation
forced factory owners to fence off dangerous

Analysis Of Elizabeth Whitney 's Last Will And Testament
Throughout the sixteenth century Satire was used as a method of both exposing and correcting vice. Isabella Whitney, the first known woman in
England to publish a volume of poetry, wrote several satirical works. Throughout the duration of this course, although on the syllabus, satire was never
discussed. Whitney used satire to write her two final poems "A Communication Which the Author had toLondon Before She Made Her Will" and "The
Manner of Her Will, and What She Left to London and to All Those in It at Her Departing" which were published as the final two poems in her
second volume, A Sweet Nosegay. They were written as a critique of modern London at the time. Although very little is known about the life of
Isabella Whitney it is very possible to assume that her works, including these two, are autobiographical. These two works, regarding Isabella
Whitney's "last will and testament" to London should be included in L309 because of the different perspective that could be gained through; reading
a work in which the speaker is portrayed by the poet, acquiring a female perspective, hearing the view of a member of the lower class, and the
additional perspective it could add to the discussion regarding satire, or start the discussion in the case of this semester.
Throughout both of her published volumes of poetry Whitney makes it presumable that she embodies both the author and the speaker of her poems. In
her second volume, A Sweet Nosegay, it contains a series of epistles,

British Theatre and Cinema
British theatres
One of the world's major centers for theatre, Britain has a centuries–old dramatic tradition and about 300 theatres. There are several thousand amateur
dramatic societies in Britain. The Royal Shakespeare Company performs in Stratford–upon Avon and at the Barbican Centre in London. A modern
reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, close to its original site, is under way.
Most cities and towns in Britain have at least one theatre. There are 500 youth theatres in England alone. The Unicorn Theatre for Children and Polka
Children's Theatre, both in London, present plays written specially for children, and the Young Vic Company in London and Contact Theatre Company
in Manchester stage plays for young people.
Until recently the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The RSC is currently celebrating its fiftieth birthday season, which runs from April–December 2011, with two companies of actors presenting the first
productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages. The 2011–season began with performances of Macbeth and
a re–imagined lost play The History of Cardenio. The fiftieth birthday season also features The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and
revivals of some of the RSC's greatest plays, including a new staging of Marat/Sade.
The Royal Opera House is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden, central London. The large building is often referred
to as simply "Covent Garden", after a previous use of the site of the opera house's original construction in 1732. It is the home of The Royal Opera,
The Royal Ballet, and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House. Originally called the Theatre Royal, it served primarily as a playhouse for the first
hundred years of its history. In 1734, the first ballet was presented. A year later, Handel's first season of operas began. Many of his operas and
oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there.
The current building is the third theatre on the site following disastrous

19th Century London Innovations
In 1863, one of the greatest innovations was opened in London, this innovation created a way for tens of thousands to travel into the city of London
and surrounding Burroughs. This Innovation was called the Tubes or Underground Railroad. Prior to this the streets of London were overcrowded and
was becoming dismal. People struggled to find adequate living areas, and access to clean running water and working sewage. But with this marvelous
innovation that created a society that began to thrive and that is now one of this biggest tourist destinations and governmental epicenters. Prior to the
Tubes being built the city was designed around the government. And so everything began to be very compact, housing was tight, the conditions in the
area were slowly becoming dismal. London roads were anguished from overcrowding... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tubes during World War I were used as shelter from bomb raids, originally the tubes were shutoff to those who were looking to take shelter in the
tubes. But once people started purchasing tickets to travel and then camping out on the platform it ultimately became a safe zone. Because it was
underground people used it because the structure was stable enough to hold up against an air raid. "The Second World War saw thousands of Londoners
take shelter in tube stations during bombing. The Underground continues to operate throughout the war, and is also used for war production, safe
storage of artworks and military control centers such as anti–aircraft command." The tubes served as an underground system for army personal to
stealth fully travel throughout the country. Also at some new stations, different developments have popped up, in one area an apartment complex was
built right above the station. In another station a popular shopping center was built around the stop so that individuals could come off the railway and

Perspectives On Amsterdam 's Energy System
Final Exam
Perspectives on Amsterdam
Lance Gloss
#11357592
Responses follow.
Question 1
In recent years, Amsterdam's energy system has been revolutionized by decentralization and process–flow controls. According to Ger Baron, rather
than a single energy provider, Amsterdam now has over 600. Thecity can now limit power–outages to certain neighborhoods, and prioritize other areas
where power supply should never be cut off. Wisely employed, these systems can improve Amsterdam's resilience, defined by Gunderson and Holling
as "the capacity of cities to undergo disturbance and maintain its functions and controls" (qtd. in Jabareen 2013). Wise use means taking a rational,
ethical, and scale–sensitive approach. With a coherent action plan, the city should benefit from these tools.
Any neighborhood to lose power will suffer in the short– and long–term. To prioritize, we must be able to step back and see the city as a system
comprised of smaller, unequal parts, and understand how different neighborhoods might be differently vulnerable in case of an outage. Evidently, major
infrastructure like hospitals and transit nodes should be most protected from outages. While such infrastructures are locally embedded, they provide
crucial services to the whole city and outlying areas.
Beyond infrastructure, the issue is more nuanced. However, on close inspection, the ethical choice is also the practical one. Power outages should be
allowed in the most advantaged areas

Victorian London In The 19th Century Essay
19th Century Victorian London was a vastly different place to the London that we're familiar with today. Medicine was nowhere near the standard it
is today, personal hygiene was almost non existent in some areas, and overcrowding, poverty, and disease were the major problems experienced by
Victorian Londoners. Due to these circumstances, death at an early age was extremely common, especially in the poor population. The BBC Victorian
Britain section of it's website states that a baby born in 'the 1830's could expect to live to only 29'.(Daunton, BBC, Death in the City) Prominent
diseases included cholera, typhoid, smallpox, scarlet fever, and measles, mumps and rubella.(McAlpine, BBC America, 5 Horrible Diseases You Might
Have Caught in Victorian

London Sociology
Charles Booth's, Inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People in London was a survey, primarily focusing on the working class during the 19th
century. The preservation of the documentation provides historians with insight to the Victorian mindset, specifically regarding the distribution of
wealth, and it's relationship with crime. The map produced by Charles Booth with the use of his findings depicts the social blueprint of London, from
1898 until 1899. This map distinguishes class using a legend highlighting seven distinguishable classes and their spot within society. This map also
highlights the Victorian belief that poverty and crime are inherently interrelated. Beginning in the late 17th century and extending throughout the 18th
century, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, beginning in the 18th century, the tolerance for begging and loitering was threatened by the transforming belief that poverty and crime are
strongly correlated. Also, poverty was beginning to be perceived as an act of immortality and disgrace, rather than a necessary evil. In response, the
modern society attempted to minimize poverty, by introducing workhouses, and mandating strict legislations such as whipping or incarceration for
acts of begging, and vagrancy. Victorian society believed that the poor were immoral and Londoners preferred to isolate the middle and upper
classes from the immortality of the corrupt working class. Ironically, over 1/3 of London's inhabitants were impoverished, and many engaged in
loitering, begging, to live a life of sustenance. This map highlights the segregation of classes. For example, this map depicts the fairly comfortable,
middle class and upper class coexisting and there are several sporadic pockets that the impoverished, of all degrees living apart from the rest of society.
The colours of the legend demonstrate a distinct division between the rich and the

Historical Context Of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde
The author, Robert Louis Stevenson presents the novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in a unique and compelling way. Many
aspects of the short story can be interpreted in different ways as its complexity can overpower the book transient storyline. One aspect of the book that
can be considered controversial is the way Stevenson presents the novella and the book's historical context. Although, Stevenson's work can be
considered engaging, it can also lead the reader to question the reasoning behind the particular storyline of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde. Overall, in terms of historical context, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is written in an allegorical way in which different aspects
of the book represent a major theme or event taking place in Victorian England. During the time period in which Stevenson wrote this story, Victorian
England was in a state of poverty and depression. London was divided socially, economically, and even politically as the nation was torn apart. In
addition, due to the Anglo–Irish tension there were numerous terror attacks on London itself contributing to England's melancholy nature. Judith
Walkowitz helps in exhibiting the atrocious living conditions of London during the late eighteen hundreds; "Great Depression, the erosion of
mid–Victorian prosperity, the decline of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde on the themes and events going on during the late Victorian era. Most, if not all of the story is symbolic for a certain idea in
London, England which was going through a time of depression and terror. Overall, many hypotheses have been formed about the historical context in
relation to Jekyll and Hyde and some of these ideas are correct, but the most coherent and most logical contributes to the fact that Stevenson's writing is
symbolic where each textual aspect of the book relates to the events or people in Victorian

Greenwich 's Extortionate Village : Property Prices Vs....
Naushin Chowdhury
Marko Jobst
December 2015
Greenwich's Extortionate Village: Property Prices Vs. Household Income
Greenwich Millennium Village is a Development project situated in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The scheme is to promote 21st–century
affordable, sustainable living in the U.K. It is conveniently located in south–east London, and a short distance away from the financial centre and gives
easy access to Central London. The site is a 121–hectare brownfield development with easy bus travelling, and cycling route, a primary school, a
health centre, two grocery stores and suitable parking and car sharing areas. Over ВЈ200,000,000 was invested in the project to attract a new, vibrant
generation of people into the previously unused and neglected area.
Greenwich Peninsula, especially the Millennium Village is advertised as the future for sustainable living for families wanting to live 'village life in
the city'(Countryside Properties, n.d.). Village life is claimed to be simple and affordable, however that is not the case for Greenwich Millennium
Village. Housing is stated to be for families because primary schooling is available, however, secondary education is not currently available in the
village. This suggests that education above the age of 11 is not considered in the Masterplan of Greenwich Millennium Village and maybe the target
audience for the scheme is new families with small children. The project is part of a four–phase experimental sustainable

William Blake: London From Within Essay
5. William Blake: London From Within
If we want to discover the particularity of eighteenth century London's appearance or the details of its growth, there are both scholarly and temporary
guides to consult. Through the historical background exposed in the previous chapters, in fact, we came across only to the objective point of view of
the city, but if we want to discover the feel of London life, its people, its sounds and smells there is a more direct source: literature. Through poems we
can understand the way the authors, like many other people, lived this specific experience.
One of the first writers that comes in our mind when we think about 18th century London and its society is William Blake, with his famous work
London, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In every cry of every Man,
In every Infant's cry of fear,
In every voice, in every ban,
The mind–forg'd manacles I hear.
How the Chimney–sweeper's cry
Every black'ning Church appalls
And the hapless Soldier's sigh
Runs in blood down Palace walls
But most thro' midnight streets I hear
How the youthful Harlot's curse
Blasts the new–born Infant's tear
And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.
London (1794) is one of the most instantly available and comprehensible of the Songs of Experience. The poem, in fact, does not require an
interpreter since the images are clear and no knowledge of Blake's personal vision is necessary to understand it. Every reader can see London as
Blake's own city, as an image of the English state and its society and as an image of human condition. A close reading may confirm what a reader

had already experienced. Blake, in fact, uses his poetry as a means of social criticism. In this poem, that is practically his everyday experience of life
in London, gives him a clear insight into the misery and injustices suffered by London residents. "Blake's London is the legitimate inheritor of the
Augustan tradition", "the vision of the walker in the city who records and organizes London"2. This London is, however, a city of

Sanitation Problems And Typhoid During Nineteenth Century...
Sanitation Issues and Typhoid in Nineteenth Century London Typhoid permeated through the streets of London in the nineteenth century due to the
citizens' poor sanitation habits and living conditions. The efforts of generating inventive measures by public health authorities went unnoticed by many
citizens. The sanitary habits of the people were extremely frustrating and challenge for officials. The stress compiled as public sanitation officers and
health officials became overwhelmed due to the nature and volume of the living standards. In order to regain control over the sanitation issues the
public would need to follow the requirements that officials set before them. Moreover, the concern calls for the public's attention and cooperation of
the plan that will solve the Victorian city's largest issue. One reason the public continued to create a sanitation problem was a lack of education.
Numerous people even refused to abide in newly formed guidelines. The citizens did not see the correlation between their actions and the impact they
were having on the current conditions. Public officials tried to regulate and educate the public of the importance of following the regulations that were
being put into place. However, some of the authority figures also did so with little knowledge they possessed. The medical officials and health officers
were not the most knowledgeable either; especially about the transmission of infectious diseases. These factors contributed to the

Brixton: A Complex History of the Past and Present
Space has a role in defining place in a variety of ways and the people or entities who inhabit that space. Within these spaces we can see changes by
human beings and the natural world, for good or bad intentions which depends on perspective. Place can be shaped by a variety of factors: historic
events, economic implications, physical changes to the landscape and cultural influences. Brixton is one of the most complex places within the Greater
London area that has changed significantly over a period of a century. With a long standing history of changes by internal and external forces, Brixton
looks very different from what longstanding denizens remember. As it has gone through economic, socio–cultural and ethnic change as an inner city
area. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the changes and factors that make Brixton a complex place or landscape. It was interesting to discover
that Electric Avenue was the first street in all of London to run electricity in 1895 and the idea of shopping changed for years to come as electricity was
integrated into everything. The Brixton market began on Atlantic Road and spread to Brixton road as well as the first department store which created a
popular attraction with all kinds of shoppers (http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/). Large, expensive houses were built along the main routes of Brixton which
attracted middle class folks to settle and spend their money at the market. Furthermore, the construction of the railways and trams during 1860's

Child Labour In London In The Late 19Th Century

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