Hudson Plane Crash

Hudson Plane Crash
Have you ever heard about, saw right before you, or saw on the news a plane crash? Have you heard
how deadly a plane crashing in water is? Also have you heard what was going on while a plane was
about to crash? Well you will hear about a crash you might not forget.Here is what happened to the
engines, what damage was done to the plane, and specific things that were going on in the cockpit
during the miracle on the hudson plane crash. Time for what happened to the engines. The engines
were pretty badly damaged. The plane was hit by about 17 geese. The plane's engines could take a
hit of 4 pounds of bird in each engine, but each engine took in about 5.1 pounds of bird. And the
birds hit the core of the engines so the engines produced no thrust. So the thrust on both engines
rolled back to zero. Which means the plane was a glider then because the thrust from the engines
make a plane fly. The engines were so badly damaged that the engines sounded like shoes in a drier
because of all the damaged parts and parts of bird in both engines bouncing ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the back of the plane there was a hole from the crash so the plane started to sink. "The reason for
the breach is that the pilots did not press the ditch button which seals the plane up so no water can
get in but the pilots had to do so much they forgot to press it." National Transportation Safety Board
investigation. The whole plane was in great shape considering it had a forced water landing. "Three
years before a plane got hijacked and it crashed in the indian ocean near a beach. When the plane hit
the water, it cartwheeled and ripped apart with 175 on board only 25 survived." When the plane was
retrieved the engine that was supposedly working was destroyed. "...eight outlet guide vanes were
missing. "National Transportation Safety Board investigation. So that was the damage done to the
plane. Now time to hear the specific things that were going on in the
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Description Of A Flight Recorder
1. Introduction It is very difficult, when an accident occurs during a flight to determine precisely
what happened for several reasons:  Most of the time, during a flight, an aircraft is not in an
environment where people cannot testimony what they saw (over water, high in the sky ...)  When
the aircraft crashes, it is often in an area difficult to access (open sea, on a mountain, ...)  When the
aircraft is ready to be examined, after being recovered from a difficult crash area or after a potential
fire has been extinguished, the pieces are frequently severely damaged. To be able to retrace what
happened during the last moments of the flight of the aircraft, before an accident or incident, a flight
recorder has been developed. The information collected by this flight recorder can help the
investigation teams to understand what happened even when the aircraft is badly damaged or even
impossible to use to find answers. But developing a flight recorder is not simple precisely because it
has to withstand a severe accident. When an extreme fire starts after a crash for example, the flight
recorder has to stay in good conditions until it is recovered by someone on the crash site. Therefore,
regulations, certifications and standards have been made to ensure that this element in the aircraft
has all the required properties. Nowadays, the flight recorder has an increasing role to play in
investigations of accidents because of the number of passengers that can be carried on a

Description Of The Flight Recorder Systems
The parameters that are mandatory and those that are only recommended depend of the type of the
aircraft.
ICAO – A8 – 2.2.2.6 Type IA FDR
This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the 78 parameters in
Table A8–1
ICAO – A8 – 2.2.2.7 Type I FDR.
This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the first 32
parameters in Table A8–1.
Table giving the parameters to record, the required precision and frequency (Extract)
Tests for crash protected devices
The manufacturers have to ensure to the authorities that their systems will be still usable even after a
crash. Therefore they have to demonstrate its reliability in extreme case through tests and
certifications.
ICAO – A8 – 1.3 The flight recorder systems, when tested by methods approved by the appropriate
certificating authority, shall be demonstrated to be suitable for the environmental extremes over
which they are designed to operate.
1.5 The manufacturer shall provide the appropriate certificating authority with the following
information in respect of the flight recording systems:
a) manufacturer's operating instructions, equipment limitations and installation procedures;
b) Parameter origin or source and equations which relate counts to units of measurement; and
c) Manufacturer's test reports
The tests are supposed to simulate a crash of the aircraft so it has to be submitted to intense
solicitations. To assure that the conditions are

Case Study Into Uneven Cockpit Gradient : The B-52 Crash
Within an organization, a poor leader or team member who is selfish and only looking for what is
good for them will make the circle small enough to cover themselves and their immediate members.
This is known as the "inner circle" of society. But a good leader is willing to stretch the circle
around every member of the organization in order to make every team member feel safe. It's only
when the team members feel safe that they can spend their time and resources on what truly makes
the organization move, as opposed to spending time on making themselves safe. Making yourself
safe, when outside the circle, can be a tiring exercise and one that a lot of us have experienced. It
could mean spending energy trying to defend a position you hold in the work team. It may mean
ensuring that your direct report does not take the credit for work you have completed. It's all tiring
and decays the trust within any team.
Case Study into Uneven Cockpit Gradient: The B–52 Fairchild Crash
The 1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B–52 crash is a commonly used case study when talking about
cockpit gradients. The accident occurred at Fairchild Air Force Base in Washington, when the pilot
of a B–52 bomber, Arthur "Bud" Holland, flew the aircraft beyond its limits and lost control. The
aircraft ultimately fell and exploded on ground, killing Holland and the other three U.S. Air Force
crew members inside. The investigation found that the crash happened primarily for three reasons:
"Holland's personality

How Could 9/11 Have Been Prevented?
Could 9/11 Have Been Prevented?
September 11th, 2001 started off as an ordinary day in the United States, but ended up being a day
in history that will be remembered forever. September 11th will always be a day that everyone will
always remember, and that they will never forget. Early in the September 11th morning, around 8:00
am, four American airliners, American Airlines, were hijacked by a terrorist group named Al Qaeda.
The hijackers headed toward the United States, and were ready to attack, very quickly. Two of the
planes that were hijacked hit the World Trade Center, located in New York City, making the Twin
Towers crash to the ground, killing 3,000 people, and injuring 10,000 people ("9/11 Attacks"). The
company that owned 9/11 was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Airport security is now tighter, by a series of metal detecting, and continuous bag checking just to
get inside of an airport. Just to get into a capitol building or an airport, there is drastic security
measures that have to be taken, for every single person that enters the building, including staff
members in the building. Bag checking, metal detecting, and even thumb–printing have become
huge factors in security checking in many places. Even small businesses have security guards, due
to threats of terrorist. Cockpits, which are the doors that lead to where the pilot sits, are now locked,
allowing the pilot to not have to worry about hijackers getting in, and allowing privacy while trying
to keep many lives out of danger. Before 9/11, airplanes just had security guards guarding the
cockpit doors, but after the horrible incident, cockpit doors are always locked, due to terrorism.
Also, officials are very careful about terrorism in the United States, watching out every second of
the day. 9/11 has caused several heartaches, and emotions. Everybody still grieves over the incident,
but it has made people come closer together. Alan Jackson, a country music artist, decided he
wanted to document people's feelings about the certain incident, in a unique way, which was by a
song. The song was titled, "Where Were You When the World Stopped Turning", debuting in 2002.
The lyrics

Trends And Current Problems In Aviation: Cockpit Voice...
Problem statement
One of the most scrutinized pieces of evidence gathered from an aircraft accident is the collection of
information contained in the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Flight Data Recorder. CVRs and FDRs
paint an often haunting, but frequently useful picture of what occurred during the last minutes of an
accident flight. This is not to say, however, that the recorders are always conclusive, or even useful.
There are a handful of cases where the CVR and FDR tapes have broken, failed to record, stopped
recording early, or not captured enough information to be useful to the investigation. Advancements
in these devices are not new to the industry; however, the pace is slow to incorporate new
technology into current fleets. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is no disputing the fact that black boxes are essential components of civil aircraft today; their
job is critical to the investigation of an accident, however, safety experts would argue that the basic
capabilities of these devices are no longer sufficient.
Specifications
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a regulatory body, which sets standards for
international aviation. ICAO is broken into 18 annexes, and, comparable to international law, they
are the very basic requirements that the organization's 185 member states must follow. Annex 6 to
ICAO deals with the operation of aircraft and states that CVRs should be capable of retaining the
information recorded during the last 30 minutes of the device's operation. In addition, ICAO has
recommended that CVRs installed in aircraft over 5,700kg with a certificate of airworthiness issued
after January 1, 1990 be capable of retaining information recorded during the previous two hours of
operation. ICAO suggests that flight recorders be "constructed, located and installed so as to provide
maximum practical protection for the recording in order that the recording information may be
preserved, recovered and transcribed. Flight recorders shall meet the prescribed crashworthiness and
fire protection specifications" (Frostell 20). The FAA has met the recommendations of ICAO and set
the following standards for CVRs and FDRs:

Persuasive Essay On How To Make A Paper Airplane
Have you ever just gotten so bored that there just seems like there is nothing to do? Maybe you've
had the same thought at school while your teacher is up and about doing teacher stuff. You're just
itching to find something to do so you can pass the time or just want to do something fun in general.
"What do I do" you tell yourself, "what can I do that will satisfy my needs of enjoyment?" You try
looking around to see what you can do but nothing seems to grasp you that feeling of fun you once
had. Then you see a toy figure of a plane on your teacher's desk that he is so fond of and then you
get an idea. You decide to make a paper airplane, you grab a piece a paper from your binder and
place on your desk. Right before you attempt to make a paper airplane you realize you have no idea
how to make a paper airplane and once again you lose that excitement you were waiting for. Well
today is your lucky day because today is different, not only will you feel that excitement you long
needed but the ability to make a paper airplane. First, and the most important is a piece of paper
because without the paper how are you going to make an airplane? Any paper will do find but make
sure it's not to flimsy so when making the airplane it doesn't collapse when making the folds on the
plane. Also, the bigger the paper the bigger folds you will have to make on the plane but that does
mean the airplane will fly further then a regular piece of paper. Once you have the paper take one
side of the

The Sales Leader Of Airframe Industry And One Of America...
The sales leader in airframe industry and one of America's leading exporters, Boeing earned $5.1
billion from Boeing Commercial Airplane and $4.1 billion from other divisions–missiles, rockets,
helicopters, space equipment, computers and electronics.
 Strategy:
 Variations: Boeing manufactured families of planes, creating several variations on the same base
airframe concept. It required
flexible designs,
inherent growth potential
modifications capability ( without need for wholesale revisions)
 Manufacturing Benefits: Producing a common family of planes on a common assembly line
accumulated experience and ensured that learning does not get lost. It led to far–earlier break–even
points.
 Facilities: Large centralized facilities were provided with sophisticated manufacturing systems
and project management tools.
 Expertise in global marketing
 Technological leadership
 Customer support
 Production skills
As a consequence of such strategies, Boeing emerged as the industry's low–cost producer.
In 1973, Boeing initiated a new airplane study, naming it the 7X7 ('X' stood for development model)
to define and, if approved, to develop, Boeing's next generation airplane.
 Program Definition (From May, 1973 to December, 1977):
During this period, Boeing worked the puzzle of market, technology, and cost.
 Market Assessment: Market segments were defined by range of travel– short(less than 1500
nautical miles), medium (1500–3000 nautical miles), and long (greater

Hajime Lord Of The Flies Essay
Inside the hangar different kinds of Japanese fighters are repairing. Hajime leads Jessica to a plane
which covered by cloth, he says: 'Here it is, although it's small, it's the top speed fighter in space.
Let's get in the transport and talk.' The sappers tow the "Mouse" with the cloth out to the transporter
by tractor and enter the transporter plane cargo bay. Hajime and Jessica enter there and the
transporter plane takes off. Hajime drags off the cover and says: 'We have modified it.' The small
spaceship is matt black, and the wings folded up like a bat, its gears are sleighs guided by the rails to
the ramping door. Hajime continues: 'You go in the cockpit first.' Jessica gets in the cockpit which
like sitting in a formula one racer. Both sides fit to the pilot's body, so during critical turns in the
combat the cockpit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here the landing gears are sleighs, on Earth you land on the sea by these surfing boards the
parachute button here is to reduce the speed, thus the spaceship had saved more room. And
remember, our spaceship is stealth, in fact it is dangerous to you, because after we had war with the
aliens there are many fragments floating in the space, the Moon space force is collecting the useful
material back to their base with spaceships, and you're stealth, in such a great speed they may hit on
your craft at anytime. Though your maximum speed is 50,000 miles per hours I don't recommend
you to use the full speed, moreover the engine will be very hot and the fuel will be empty fast, do it
maximum 45,000, around 19.2 hours per trip 38.4 back and forth, as Chris document Moon
engineers only have twenty hours to do the modification for the fighter ships; our NS fighters have
to install these functions in

9/11 Heroes
The many heroic feats we hear of from 9/11 were not only committed by the hands of emergency
personnel, but also by untrained civilians. In the air, flight attendants on hijacked flights managed to
retain their composure, hunt down crucial information,and make contact with airlines. Passengers
fearfully rallied together and rebelled against the enemy, knowing very well that they may not even
survive. The courageousness of civilian heroes on the hijacked planes may not have stopped the
attacks from happening, but it did help expose the hijackers, and even saved thousands of lives on
9/11. The first flight that took off on 9/11 was American Airlines Flight 11. Most of what we know
about the hijacking came from the mouths of two flight attendants aboard that flight, Betty Ong and
Amy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the hijackers were gaining control of the plane, wielding mace and bomb threats, a impeccably
calm and composed Betty Ong made a call to American Airlines, where she spoke to a woman
named Nina Gonzales. "This was the first of several occasions on 9/11 when flight attendants took
action outside the scope of their training, which emphasized that in a hijacking, they were to
communicate with the cockpit" (Kean 5). Despite being terrified and confused, Ong was able to
translate the conditions on the flight, as well as the fact that two flight attendants had previously
been stabbed. Following this, the employee who had received Ong's call translated the information
to an operations center, who then told the airline's dispatcher to contact the cockpit. This and all
subsequent attempts were unsuccessful. During all of this, Sweeney had also been relaying
information to an American Airlines Service Office, but was having connection

The New Meaning Of Airline Packing
The New Meaning to Airline Packing
Before 9/11 when Americans boarded an airplane, the only worry that crossed their minds could
have been hijackers holding the airplane, the crew, and the passengers for some kind of ransom, or
something going wrong with the airplane itself. After 9/11, we are now seeing a new kind of
hijacker; terrorists who use the airplanes themselves as weapons against the people they hate. They
run the airplanes into buildings to kill as many people they can with one attempt. This paper will
take a look at what the government did in the days after 9/11 to put into place a defense against
terrorists.
From the Aviation and Transportation Act that was passed in November of 2001, Arming Pilots
Against Terrorism Act that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This act required airlines to use stronger materials in the construction of cock pit doors, heavier
locks, and video monitors for pilots to view what is happening in the cabin. Putting in wireless
devices for the flight crew to notify the cockpit of any problems. Just weeks after this act was
passed by Congress the airline Jet Blue had these requirements in every airplane they own. Putting
crew and passengers safety before their profit. This act also gave to the Under Secretary of
Transportation the job recruiting, training, and providing weapons for air marshals for each flight.
As an elite group, highly trained, the air marshals will set with the passengers and have the
advantage of knowing what is going on inside the cabin at all times.
Carol Hallett, head of the Airline Transportation Association said "The wisest investment in
improving security is hiring more air marshals because they are highly trained to provide
professional protection." (Renna, 2003)
This protection is costing the airlines approximately $3,000 per air marshal, per flight. Requiring
two air marshals in each plane.
Part of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act gave the Under Secretary of Transportation the
job to recruit, train, and air pilots using similar training programs that were used for air marshals.
The program for the pilots is done on a volunteer basis program only. In

Improving Patient Safety Using The Sterile Cockpit...
Fore, A., Sculli, G., Albee, D., Neily, J. (2013). Improving patient safety using the sterile cockpit
principle during medication administration: a collaborative, unit based project. Journal of Nursing
Management, 21(1), 106–111. This research project utilized a quantitative descriptive approach that
explored a sterile cockpit principle in efforts to decrease WIs during medication preparation and
administration. The author's provide cited reviews of prior studies that concluded that WIs are
significantly associated with medication errors, delays in patient treatments, as well as loss of focus
and concentration for the nurses. Furthermore, the researchers were able to forego the approval of
institutional review board at a Mid–Atlantic VA Healthcare System as this project was Government
work and considered a quality improvement project. Researchers found that interruptions and
distractions were initiated a majority of the time from fellow nurses and other hospital staff
members. This programme applied crew source management (CRM) concepts to nursing care
focusing on educating the staff in teamwork, communication through leadership, self–advocacy,
situational awareness, clinical decision making and the implementation of briefings, checklists and
distraction management techniques (Fore, Sculli, Albee & Neily, 2013). This was a credible source
as it met all requirements outlined in Janet Houser's book, Evidence Nursing Research: Reading,
Using, and Creating (2008) and the

Summary of El Coronel No Tiene Le Escriba (Not Mine)
Summary of the work by chapters. "The colonel one writes," is a work that consists of seven
chapters separated by a white typo. In this paper, I will stop for a brief summary of each chapter.
First, the Colonel wakes up and discovers that coffee is not enough for breakfast and have to attend
a funeral, which the colonel is the first natural death that they have in years. His wife affected by
asthma has long been not leave the house. Colonel down to the place where you wait for the
funeral.It's raining, always raining in October, causing discomfort to the Colonel. Second, the
Colonel has a cock that is a legacy of her son Augustine, who was killed in January in the cockpit
for spreading information secret. The common ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On November 2 the woman takes flowers to the grave of her son Augustine, she is still suffering
from asthma. Colonel sacrifices for their own food and his wife to throw it to the cock. Finally, co–
commissioned Augustine to feed this animal. Fifth: Don Sabas advised the colonel to sell the cock
and can receive up to nine hundred dollars and also would remove a lot of trouble from him.Colonel
question in the office post for your letter unanswered. Then the Colonel returns home with his wife
and decides to go to offer condolences to the house of the dead. The woman went to apply for a loan
on the rings of marriage Father Angel, but he replies that it is sin to negotiate with sacred things.
After this alarming situation, the Colonel decided to sell the cock to Don Sabas. Sixth: Colonel goes
to the office of Don Sabas with the decision to sell the cock. After many hours of waiting, Don
Sabas appears but does not realize the presence of the colonel. Colonel returns home with bad news,
he tells his wife and she, you are advised to be much more decisive with Don Sabas.Colonel Don
Sabas again and it gives you four hundred dollars for the cock and also offers a preview of sixty
dollars until the rooster sold manage theaccounts . Seventh, the colonel and his wife wake up one
morning with joy and feel good, now have food and even new shoes for the colonel with the money
they forward Don Sabas. One day, when the Colonel is going to the post

A Technical Analysis of Ergonomics and Human Factors in...
A Technical Analysis of Ergonomics and Human Factors in Modern Flight Deck Design
I. Introduction Since the dawn of the aviation era, cockpit design has become increasingly
complicated owing to the advent of new technologies enabling aircraft to fly farther and faster more
efficiently than ever before. With greater workloads imposed on pilots as fleets modernize, the
reality of he or she exceeding the workload limit has become manifest. Because of the unpredictable
nature of man, this problem is impossible to eliminate completely.
However, the instances of occurrence can be drastically reduced by examining the nature of man,
how he operates in the cockpit, and what must be done by engineers to design a system in which
man and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They will be discussed in further detail in another chapter (Hawkins, 249–54).
III. System Design A design team should support the concept that the pilot's interface with the
system, including task needs, decision needs, feedback requirements, and responsibilities, must be
primary considerations for defining the system's functions and logic, as opposed to the system
concept coming first and the user interface coming later, after the system's functionality is fully
defined.
There are numerous examples where application of human–centered design principles and processes
could be better applied to improve the design process and final product. Although manufacturers
utilize human factors specialists to varying degrees, they are typically brought into the design effort
in limited roles or late in the process, after the operational and functional requirements have been
defined (Sanders & McCormick, 727–8). When joining the design process late, the ability of the
human factors specialist to influence the final design and facilitate incorporation of human–centered
design principles is severely compromised. Human factors should be considered on par with other
disciplines involved in the design process. The design process can be seen as a six–step process;
determining the objectives and performance specifications, defining the system, basic system
design, interface design, facilitator design, and testing and evaluation of the system. This model

Trends and Current Problems in Aviation: Cockpit Voice and...
Problem statement
One of the most scrutinized pieces of evidence gathered from an aircraft accident is the collection of
information contained in the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Flight Data Recorder. CVRs and FDRs
paint an often haunting, but frequently useful picture of what occurred during the last minutes of an
accident flight. This is not to say, however, that the recorders are always conclusive, or even useful.
There are a handful of cases where the CVR and FDR tapes have broken, failed to record, stopped
recording early, or not captured enough information to be useful to the investigation. Advancements
in these devices are not new to the industry; however, the pace is slow to incorporate new
technology into current fleets. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4
Impact tolerance ...................... 3400 Gs / 6.5ms
Fire resistance .......................... 1100 deg C /30 min
Water pressure resistance ........ submerged 20,000 ft
Underwater locator beacon ...... 37.5 KHz
Battery: 6yr shelf life
30 day operation
Flight Data Recorder
Time recorded ........................... 25 hour continuous
Number of parameters .............. 5 – 300+
Impact tolerance ....................... 3400 Gs /6.5ms
Fire resistance ........................... 1100 deg. C/30 min
Water pressure resistance ......... submerged 20,000 ft
Underwater locator beacon ...... 37.5 KHz
Battery: 6 year shelf life
30 day operation
Previous accidents
The NTSB has submitted five recommendations to the FAA regarding the reliability of recorders in
commercial and civil aviation aircraft. The recommendations are based on historical data stemming
from a series of accidents where forces interfered with the recording, and inaccurate or incomplete
data was recovered from the scene of an accident. A partial list of accidents will help in evaluating
the need for improved recording devices, however these are only the most recent cases in a long
history of accidents where the investigation was hindered by a loss of data (Safety Issue). ú May 11,

1996, ValuJet 592, a DC–9–32, crashed shortly after departing Miami, Florida. The recorders
stopped recording about 40–50 seconds before impact. All 111 onboard

Terry Calloway Interview Paper
Interview with Terry Calloway. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xz90ZJX5a4k BIOGRAPHY
Terry Calloway born 1954 and raised in Greenville, South Carolina. He attended Greenville
Technical College and was a draftsman working in mechanical engineering related fields. He has a
bachelors' degree graduate in Computer Science from Pittsburg State University. Experienced
Leader and IT Professional In Security and Identity Engineering. Terry is a former Republican
member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 3rd district (Pittsburg) from
(2011– 2013). Terry has proven his vast knowledge and experience with both professional and
industry certifications as the President and CEO, Data Technique, Inc., Pittsburg Kansas where he
developed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Navigation does not have to be an oversight as much from the FAA because they know that the
established digital methods are more accurate and this doesn't take out human error, which is the
downside of it. However, we rely such much on the computer in the plane, it is very similar to when
we got mathematics on a calculator. You are doing mathematics, and then you know you have
interrupted the answer. But when you use a calculator, you don't know that is the correct answer,
you only assumed this is correct. The same thing happened with the airplane when they rely on
thinking as a pilot. This is called a Situational Awareness (SA) the pilot responsibility is to be aware
of all things at a time on the aircraft. If a pilot has a computer telling him all things, it is assumed to
be right, so it is termed he has less

Essay on Guns in the Cockpit
Guns in the Cockpit
On the morning of September 11, 2001, four airplanes were hijacked and two of them, brought the
collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York City. As a result of these attacks on the
United States, airports have come to the realization that the only way to prevent another hijacking is
by strengthening the security on aircrafts through the cockpit. In order to secure the cockpit and
ensure the safety of the passengers on board, guns were introduced as a possible solution in the
event of an emergency situation like those that took place in September of 2001.
The Transportation Security Administration head John Magaw, announced the administrations
position that they are against guns in cockpits and a pilot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When the craft was in the air, the terrorists took the initiative and stormed into the cockpit and took
over the controls, turning the aircraft into a guided missile (CBS 1). Increasing security immediately
became an important aspect of airports shortly there after. Adequate security ensures the safety of
the people in the air and citizens on the ground below. It is expected by passengers, that they are
boarding a craft that will land safely at their intended destination. An aircraft should be a safe place
for everyone and even though every person that enters the airport goes through the required security
checkpoints, there is a small fraction of error. Someone will get by with a potential weapon and
board the plane along with it; therefore, the captains should have some form of a rear–view mirror
(Press 2). One of the many proposals made since the attacks is installing video cameras in the cabin
to monitor passenger activity for any possible terrorist actions. A pilot should be aware of what is
happening to the plane and the passengers on board at all times.
In a situation where someone is trying to hijack an airplane, there are three factors needed to be
assessed. Does the terrorist have a weapon, are they attacking alone, and is he or she a trained
fighter in the case of a Federal Air Marshal interfering (APSA 2)? In the incident of the World Trade
Center attacks, the

Aviation Security And Airport Management
AVIA 2701
Aviation Security & Airport Management
Individual Essay
Name: FUNG, Ching Yan Zara
Student Number: Z5054510
An efficient and secure aviation system is essential within Australia's aviation industry since it
connects cities and Australia to the rest of the world. Aviation security refers to the prevention of
terrorism and acts of unlawful interference and help safeguard Australia's aviation transport system.
The Australian Government regulates the Australian aviation security environment through the
Aviation Transport Security Act 2004(ATSA) and the Aviation Transport Security Regulations 2005
(ATSR).
Pre–Flight Security Checks
After the events of 911, security in airport has been heavily strengthened in Australia. Passenger and
luggage security screening has become the most visible and strong deterrent layer to prevent
unlawful acts. Passengers and their cabin baggage must be screened prior to boarding aircrafts. "It
ensures items such as explosives, firearms, prohibited items (e.g. items with sharp edges or points
capable of injuring people) and weapons that have potential to be used in an attack on the aircraft
are prevented from being taken onboard." ("What You Cannot Take On Board | Security | Prepare |
Sydney Airport", 2016) To protect against the threat of liquid explosives, quantity limits rules for
Liquid, Aerosol and Gels passengers may take onboard were introduced and apply to all passengers
arriving on international flights who are transiting in

Analysis Of The Article 'How A Cockpit Remembers Its Speed'
One day after reading Hutchins' How a Cockpit Remembers its Speed, I was on an airplane flying to
Montreal for the weekend. I took special care to look for the raising and lowering of the slats and
flaps that Hutchins described in his article – I'm happy to say I was able to give a rudimentary
description to my girlfriend as to what was going on as we took off and landed! Hutchins argued
that there are "many representations that are inside the cockpit system, yet outside the heads of the
pilots" (pp 267). This first point I agree with; however, he goes on in the discussion to conclude that
the cockpit systems "remembers its speeds" (pp 286). While Hutchins and I agree that the pilots are
the focal point of the cockpit, I wouldn't go as far as to say that cockpit remembers its speed. The
cockpit is certainly a complex system, with many elements combining to create the phenomenon of
an aircraft that can control its speed and maneuver the skies, but without the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In one of my others courses, Cognition and Learning, we learned that students learn best when they
are able to ascribe meaning to a memory. Rather than simply walking around a museum reading
scholarly writings on the wall next to exhibits, the interactive tracing sounds like an ideal
alternative. The authors also predicted possible "deleterious effects" of visitors who produced
misconceptions, but argued that experts would counteract this effect by responding correctly. I think
that the amount of these "deleterious effects" would depend on the type of museum. While traces
may work great at a high–brow museum such as The Louvre, it may not work as well where
misconceptions can run rampant, such as at a science

Technology Enhance Technology
How technology is used to enhance performance!
Fitness testing
Heart rate monitors provide immediate feedback on how hard you are working out so that you can
make adjustments to get the greatest benefit from your exercise. All exercisers can benefit from
monitoring their heart rate during activity, enabling them to maintain fat–burning and aerobic target
zones based on their goals.
Example: during a cardio vascular training session you could wear a heart rate monitor to then see
how hard you are working to insure you're doing the max your body can do and once your heart rate
increases over the limit were you then think that you're going to either pass out or clasp then slow
down on what you're doing and have a drink. Using heart rate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore specific sections of the bodywork, such as the front wing, must be sufficiently rigid to
pass the FIA's ever more stringent deflection tests. The driver must be able to enter and get out of
the cockpit without it being necessary to open a door or remove any part of the car other than the
steering wheel. From his normal seating position, with all seat belts fastened and whilst wearing his
usual driving equipment, the driver must be able to remove the steering wheel and get out of the car
within five seconds and then replace the steering wheel within a further five seconds.
Example: formula 1 cock pits allow the driver to get a comfy seat position and allows the team who
he drives for to the sort out the aero dynamic features on the car. Cockpits are very important in
formula 1 because it allows the driver to tell his team if there's an issue with anything or if anything
needs changing such as the front wing to create aerodynamic. If there is anything wrong then the
team will be able to make improvements for the driver.
Equipment
New materials and design used in tennis rackets, skis, footballs, javelins, bicycles etc. improve
control, speed and distance. Specialist clothing and footwear, including heat–reducing and
lightweight materials and hydrodynamic full–body swimming suits, improve speed and endurance.
All–weather surfaces, better drainage and roofed stadiums produce better playing conditions.

The Helicopter Flight Controls Of Fly By Wire System
ABSTRACT
Helicopter is known for being extremely challenging to fly. The helicopter flight controls enables
the pilot to attain a controlled flight. The flight controls differ drastically when compared to the
fixed wing aircraft. The advancement in flight controls namely fly–by–wire system has resulted in
reducing the complexity of the system. The state of the art fly–by–wire system has resulted in
increasing the performance and at the same time reduces the workload of a pilot. The four main
controls include – collective pitch control, cyclic pitch control, throttle control and anti–torque
pedals. The employment of fly–by–wire has thus paved way for reduction in weight whilst
providing more space for comfort and effortless handling. The commercial helicopter are beginning
to utilize the fly–by–wire technology after being tried and tested by fixed wing aircraft and military
helicopter. The goal of this technical essay is to provide an overview of the evolution helicopter
flight controls from the earlier complex analog phase to the present simplified digital phase.
Introduction
In the early 1920s, designing the rotors to attain an efficient flight was the utmost priority. The next
decade was followed by, perfection of control systems and its mechanism for a real world flight
capability. The flight control system is an element of the aircraft control loop which is essential for
the pilot. When evaluating the aspects of an ideal helicopter the first facet to be considered is

Flight Test Data Collection And Visual Augmentation...
Abstract
Flight test data acquired from a Cessna 172 Skyhawk aircraft was used to validate a corresponding
Level 6 Flight Training Device. Data collected from the FTD was used to develop the "skyway"
training aid. Potential use may include visual augmentation towards improved training of flight
students learning the lazy eights maneuver. Analyses of acquisitioned flight test data will be used to
evaluate the effectiveness of flight training devices as an instrument for data collection and visual
augmentation generation.
Keywords: flight test data, "skyway", augmentation
The Implementation of the Garmin G1000 Integrated Cockpit System as an Effective Platform for
the Development of Augmented Visual Training Aids
Background
Cessna 172 Skyhawk
Research and data for this report were acquired using the Cessna 172 Skyhawk aircraft and Frasca
manufactured Level 6 flight training device (FTD). The Cessna 172S is a single engine, prop–driven
general aviation aircraft most commonly used for training purposes. With a three–seat training
configuration, high wing design, and fixed, tricycle–type landing gear, this aircraft was optimally
equipped for the student pilot. Similar to the actual aircraft, the Level 6 FTD must have
aerodynamic programming, operating systems, and control loading congruent to that of the Cessna.
Other notable qualities include physical controls, switches, and knobs as well as significant sound
resemblance.
History of Simulators
Link trainer, sanders teacher,

Where Are The Black Cockpits?
Where are the Black Cockpits?
The United States roughly accommodates 4.5 percent of the world's total population. Out of the
316.1 million people that live in the United States around 14.2 percent (44.9 million) of these people
are deemed black or African–American. The United States has less than 1 percent (less than 3.16
million) of its total population in the military currently. In the United States Air Force there are
312,453 active duty military personnel with 14 percent (43,743) being black or African–American,
but out of all the active duty there are 62,349 members with an officer rank according to the Air
Force military demographics as of Sept 30, 2014. Out of those 62,349 officers, 13,303 are currently
pilots; however, from the 13,303 pilots there are approximately 300 (around 2.2 percent) of them
being black or African–American. Obviously, the question that begs to be asked is: why? Why are
certain careers fields in the military, in this case aviation, disproportionate in their racial content?
There are many political, sociological, and scholarly examples to answer this question. It can vary
from those that look at social aspects for causation to those that blame the disparities that racism is
still at hand contributing to the dearth of black aviators. But the one feature that appears to be
common is the emphasis on the concern of race, because when debating the racial discrepancies in
the military with regards to promotions, opportunities, and the like, it

The WOW Factor In Flight Simulation?
The WOW factor in flight simulation
Many people seem to believe that flight simulation is all about the technical aspects of flying an
aircraft. It isn't! Many times, and for many people, it is also about the unique experience of seeing
the landscape from up there.
Flight simulation for me is a state of mind. While recently flying, on an extended kind of round
robin flight around England, using Orbx scenery on top of the other Orbx layers, from somewhere in
the westerly side of the map to my Chester destination, listenning to Neil Young's music streaming –
from his recent opened Neil Young Archives – I thought it was time to write something about the
freedom flight simulators give us, and why I believe those refusing to explore some of the options
available are not having as much fun as they could.
The heart of a flight simulator, is, no doubt, the aircraft itself, so I understand people want to have it
"as real as it gets" – to keep to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that I am always looking for the best light and the best angle to capture a shot. It does
not matter if I am photographing a real plane during an aerobatic display, either on the ground or
airborne or a plane inside a simulation, the rules are the same, with the difference that in the flight
simulation I can better choose my vantage point.
Having flown a fair amount of cockpits with professional pilots on commercial flights, I
experienced in those voyages their passion for being there, their interest for photography, their
dream of being able to jump from cloud to cloud. I continue to see through the photographs they
post on social media and share with friends that despite them being professionals "driving those big
trucks on the sky" day after day, the dream that once led them to discover how airplanes work is still

Glass Cockpit Case Study
A POTENTIAL PROBLEM WITH A WARNING SYSTEM After graduating from the University of
Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering with a degree in computer engineering, I was offered a
job at Company X, a recreational aircraft manufacture. Several years later, I was made the head of a
team tasked with designing the code for the glass cockpit of a new airplane that Company X plans to
produce. The glass cockpit is a screen that displays data such as airspeed, altitude, and vertical
airspeed. This technology replaces the analog gauges that have been used in almost every airplane
for the past century. The advantage of the glass cockpit is that it takes all the raw data that would
have otherwise been displayed by the gauges, processes it, and then displays in an easy understand
picture of aircrafts current situation and position. This allows the pilot to spend less time referring to
the numerous gauges around the cockpit, and more time focusing on situational awareness [1]. With
the deadline for completion only one week away, the code for the glass cockpit is going through its
final tests. During the test of the carburetor ice warning system, it was found that under certain
conditions, the warning light may not be displayed when ice is forming inside of the carburetor. If
no warning light is displayed, the pilot may not know to take corrective action if he has also missed
the other indications of ice forming, such as a drop in the engines rotations per minute (RPM). If no
corrective action is taken, then the carburetor could become completely blocked off with ice thus
causing the engine to fail [2]. As a licensed private pilot, I know that a midflight engine failure can
be lethal to the pilot, the passengers, and anyone on the ground who happens to be in the way. I
report the problem to my supervisor and tell him that the team will need at least two more weeks to
go through all the code, find the problem, and fix it. His response is very troubling. He tells me that
because the test results show that the warning system only has the potential to fail under a very
specific set of conditions, it is alright for me to just leave that out of my report. I argue that we need
to fix this problem because it could

Outliers : The Story Of Success
We are presented with a theory that there aren't any successful self–made people, which we know is
contrary to popular beliefs. This theory was presented by Malcolm Gladwell in his book, Outliers:
The Story of Success. The theory is further defined by the premise that holds that success is enabled
by a person's culture, environment, when and where they were born, and a strong work ethic. These
theories and examples of success are analyzed using the textbook, Leadership: Research Findings,
Practice, and Skills (2015) by Andrew DuBrin. Several examples are provided in this paper that
illustrate and support Gladwell's thoughts on opportunity and cultural legacy.
An Analysis of Outliers: The Story of Success
Outliers is Malcolm Gladwell 's examination of what makes some people excessively more
successful than others. These "outliers," as he calls them, are commonly thought to possess talent
and intelligence far above that of the average person, but he challenges this popular belief by
looking at the background of some notable outliers.
Further, he argues that people are more a product of their environment, culture, life experiences and
even when a person was born. Andrew DuBrin textbook provides theories and concepts of
leadership that can be correlated to the actions of the good people mentioned in Gladwell's book. It
would make sense to say that the success of individuals would come from something more than
what is within the individual.
Discussion
Malcolm Gladwell (2008)

A Technical Analysis of Ergonomics and Human Factors in...
I. Introduction Since the dawn of the aviation era, cockpit design has become increasingly
complicated owing to the advent of new technologies enabling aircraft to fly farther and faster more
efficiently than ever before. With greater workloads imposed on pilots as fleets modernize, the
reality of he or she exceeding the workload limit has become manifest. Because of the unpredictable
nature of man, this problem is impossible to eliminate completely.
However, the instances of occurrence can be drastically reduced by examining the nature of man,
how he operates in the cockpit, and what must be done by engineers to design a system in which
man and machine are ideally interfaced.
The latter point involves an in–depth analysis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several safety violations were observed because of this, none of which were fatal (Fitts, 20–21).
Shortly after World War II, aircraft cockpits were standardized to the ' six–pack' configuration. This
was a collection of the six critical flight instruments arranged in two rows of three directly in front
of the pilot. In clockwise order from the upper left, they were the airspeed indicator, artificial
horizon, altimeter, turn coordinator, heading indicator and vertical speed indicator. This arrangement
of instruments provided easy transition training for pilots going from one aircraft to another. In
addition, instrument scanning was enhanced, because the instruments were strategically placed so
the pilot could reference each instrument against the artificial horizon in a hub and spoke method
(Fitts, 26–30). Since then, the bulk of human interfacing with cockpit development has been largely
due to technological achievements. The dramatic increase in the complexity of aircraft after the
dawn of the jet age brought with it a greater need than ever for automation that exceeded a simple
autopilot. Human factors studies in other industries, and within the military paved the way for some
of the most recent technological innovations such as the glass cockpit, Heads Up
Display (HUD), and other advanced panel displays. Although these systems are on the cutting edge
of technology, they too are

The Automation And Its Effects On The Environment
If the automation in use does not demand a certain level of interaction or has presented several
failures of operation to the specific aviator in the past, the operator is prone to a more significant
negative event occurring in the future. This is due to the reliance and trust placed on the automation
to complete the task as designed (Geiselman et al., 2013). Consistent with the model is the idea that
the most likely scenario for complacency in the cockpit is prior to a very reliable system failing for
the first time (Parasuraman & Manzey, 2010). Similar to complacency in automation is bias. Bias
breeds the misuse of automation through errors of omission and commission errors. Errors of
omission are in reference to the aircrew not taking action as directed by automation, while
commission errors are incorrect instructions provided by the automation that are acknowledged and
followed by the operator as directed (Parasuraman & Manzey, 2010). Several human factors of bias
exist that make it a difficult problem to fix. The most common being that humans are typically
drawn to situations that bias toward automation is natural, such as; choosing a path requiring less
effort, natural trust in a system that has not failed previously, and the psychological effect of
delegating tasks in a shared responsibility environment (Parasuraman & Manzey, 2010).
Compounding on the issue is that bias does not appear to be resolved by experience of the operator
as it influences the natural human

Promoting a Skillful, Safe Cockpit Essay
On a cold February evening in 2009 two years ago, just outside the city of Buffalo, New York, two
pilots crashed a new aircraft on final approach to land into Buffalo Niagara International Airport. In
an effort to prevent an accident of a similar nature from happening, the U.S. Congress passed H.R.
5900 the 'Airline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act.' This bill under Title II
was aimed to enhance airline safety and in part prevent an accident of this nature from occurring
again (U.S. House 2010, 3). Section 217 of bill pushes the minimum hours required to act as a pilot
on a regional carrier up to 1500 total flight hours as well as requires those persons to do an
extensive Air Transport Pilots examination. Although ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Asia's economy is booming and this boom has resulted in the growth of many startup carriers that
offer tax–free salaries and free housing. The requirement to fly in Asia is a lot lower than 1,500 and
the planes the pilots get to fly are a lot larger, certainly this is a very attractive opportunity. The
potential migration would cause many airlines to have planes but no one qualified to fly them. Also,
with the growing economy more people would have enough money to fly instead of drive.
Therefore, more positions would be available for entry level pilots.
In addition, the cost to become a pilot is already expensive causing low interest; this law would just
make it even worse. By calculation, if a potential pilot were to start today he would be probably
facing a debt of between $50,000 and $80,000 just to receive the flight training required to gain 250
hours. (ibtimes) Added to this is the cost of attending a college with an accredited program.
Potential pilots could be looking at paying well over $200,000 in loans to be able to fly. Before
pilots were somewhat assured that once they work hard and pass through all the training received
from college and flight school they would be able to become a pilot with one of the regional carriers
and make a small salary until the

The Balanced Scorecard And The Balanced Scorecard
Balanced Scorecard
The Balanced Scorecard is a model used to align business activities to the organisation's vision and
strategy, improve internal as well as external communications, and monitor the organisation's actual
performance against its strategic goals. It combines financial and non–financial performance
measures, such as the satisfaction of customers/stakeholders, the efficiency of internal business
processes and organisational capacity in terms of knowledge and innovation. (Balanced Scorecard
Institute, n.d.).
EFQM–model
The EFQM–model is a cause and effect diagram for assessing the effectiveness in developing and
executing a stakeholder–focused strategy, aimed at achieving sustainable excellence: outstanding
performance levels that meet or outstrip the expectations of the four key stakeholder groups that can
be distinguished in this model: business, customer, people and society. (European Foundation for
Quality Management, n.d.). The EFQM–model gives insight into the levers that need to be pulled in
order to achieve the desired results. It allows understanding of the causal connection between what
the organisation does and how it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The strategic information plan, on the other hand, provides insight into the information that is
necessary for the management of the organisation on the long term. The strategic information plan is
the link between the strategy and the objectives that need to be realised by the executive
organisational levels. Without a strategic information plan the organisation cannot be strategy
focused (= the activities at the executive organisational levels contribute to the realisation of the
strategy of the organisation). Contrary to the operational information plan, the strategic information
plan is not a sequential process. It is a course seeking process. (Kerklaan,

Technolgy and Pilot's Training
Flight Simulator is a great example of technology device that plays important part in pilot's training.
I chose Flight Simulator because it is a good topic to be focused on. Firstly, flight simulator is a
high–technology machine designed to look like a cockpit of an aircraft, it has computer–generated
images that shows the pilot's view, the same environment as a real plane has. It has powerful
structure with mechanisms that move the device in various condition. Just key in the condition you
want. Rainy ? 40km/h of wind ? This device can make it. It is a device that artificially re–creates
cockpit–like real aircraft. Basically, it is used for pilot training, aircraft design, and any other
purposes. In flight simulator, you can start wherever you want, moving away from the hangar, take–
off landing etc. In simulator it includes real environment of a flight with same mechanism on how
aircraft fly etc.
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND
Before World War 1, the first recorded flight simulator was built on 1909, the simulator was built to
help pilot fly a monoplane designed by Antoinette. Antoinette is a French manufacturer of light
petrol engine. Later on, Antoinette became the most important and the pioneer builder of aeroplanes.
The Antoinette unit was pivoted and they need assistants outside the device so that they could roll
and pitch the device. They built it using long wooden rods attached to the barrel. The first full–size
model was named "Antoinette Barrel Trainer".
Figure 1 :

Who Is Captain Osbon's Exception?
On the morning of March 27, 2012, Captain Clayton Osbon showed up late for an in–flight brief
(Avila, Hosford, & Ng, 2012), which was not normal for this well–respected professional. As a
result, JetBlue flight 191 departed from JFK airport 33 minutes late, at 7:28 AM Eastern standard
Time with 6 crewmembers and 131 passengers. As the plane was gaining altitude, Captain Osbon
mentioned being evaluated to the copilot, Jason Dowd (Avila, Hosford, & Ng, 2012). This was the
second violation of social and professional norms. Shortly after, Captain Osbon yelled at air–traffic
control to be quiet, turned off the radios, dimmed monitors and told the copilot that "... We need to
take a leap of faith..." (Avila, Hosford, & Ng, 2012). The copilot decided ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During this time, the off duty pilot moved into the cockpit, and the copilot changed the security code
to the door preventing Osbon's reentry. In the cabin, the flight attendants attempted to control
Osbon, following Crew Resource Management protocols, but Osbon returned to the cockpit door
(Nicas & Pasztor, 2012; Fernandez, 2012; Avila, Hosford, & Ng, 2012; Cox, 2012). When Obson
found that he was locked out of the cockpit, he became enraged pounded on the door. The copilot
announced over the loudspeaker that Osbon was not allowed into the cockpit, and should be
restrained (Nicas & Pasztor, 2012; Fernandez, 2012; Crawley & Peterson, 2012). Six passengers
who were members of the security industry restrained Osbon while the flight attendants watched
(ABC News, 2012). The flight attendants probably allowed passengers to physically restrain Osbon
because they required physical assistance to ensure survival of the flight. With Osbon restrained, the
copilot communicated with Amarillo International Airport, declared his flight an emergency, and
requested permission to land there instead of Las Vegas. Upon receiving permission, the copilot
coordinated for medical and security personnel to meet the plane on the runway. The copilot and the
off duty pilot landed the plane

Benjamin Franklin was a Political Hero in Sheila Kemp's...
Sheila Kemp did an outstanding job in her short history of one of America's most treasured ––
arguably the most looked up to –– political heroes. Whether the Cockpit had as astounding an effect
on Franklin's political career, and the defining moment that pushed him on the path as an advocate
for independence is up for argument. Did Kemp adequately protect her position: that Benjamin
Franklin became a revolutionary after his incident at the Cockpit? The questions seem to be
answerable morally, as well as historically. In truth, Kemp defended her position with as much
armor as she could smith whilst writing her definingly short biography, but sometimes lost her
argument in midst of a flood of historical information. Thus, in this review the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Kemp, Franklin was merely representing the wrong colony at the wrong time. And
said that, although events in Massachusetts put Franklin on the hot seat, there was an underlying
reason for Wedderburn's attacks. Some of which were inherent, for instance, the ideologies between
American Colonists and the British Elite were very much different than how Franklin imagined the
Empire. He believed that all colonists were grateful to be part of the Empire, and even went as far as
to advocate ill–fated taxes to be introduced to the Colonies in an attempt to relieve some british
debt. Furthermore, to the british mind, taxes that were being legislated were perfectly within the
Empire's right, and that every time taxes became too overwhelming, British officials would back
down against resistance. Such was the case for the Stamp Act which was enacted in 1765 and
repealed in 1766 after riots broke out in the Colonies.
In the case of Franklin, exasperations also gave way to his eventual disenfranchisement of the
Empire. His own pride was destroyed at the cockpit that day, something Franklin was no stranger to
and definitely was unable to handle in a casual fashion. Thus, Kemp adamantly claims ––
throughout her work –– that Franklin saw his opposition to the Empire, as a personal and not
entirely a political issue as he once did. Kemp states,"Franklin lived in a place where social status

The Pros And Cons Of Arming Pilots
We are being attacked! We need to land the plane! We are loosing people, the hijackers are killing
them all! If only we had a weapon we could safely land this plane and reduce the number of
casualties. Save lives by arming pilots. Research proves that when pilots are armed the chances of
them getting hijacked are greatly reduced. Arming pilots will help keep them and the passengers
safe during an incident. During the court sessions Kwame Holman said; "Pilots should go through a
training like a law enforcement officer would...with the exception of of the investigation stuff and
driving skills etc. But they would be ready to defend the cockpit and land the plane"(Holman). This
could keep all the people on the plane safe and then when the plane ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Pilots disarmed stated; "For 40 years prior to 9/11 the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rule
allowed commercial airline pilots to carry firearms in the cockpit. The rule was adopted in the wake
of the 1961 Cuban missile crisis as a measure to prevent hijackings." Just two months before 9/11
the FAA rescinded the rule. The FAA also failed to answer any questions or return any calls asking
about why they did so. This shows maybe the government had something to do with 9/11 or they
think we can deal with these catastrophes. In the report "U.S. Pilots Seeking to Carry Firearms."
Sara Kehaulani said; "despite other steps taken to protect aircraft from strengthening the cockpit
doors to train air crews to resit hijackings many pilots say they will continue to feel unsafe until they
are allowed to carry guns."These pilots are gonna do this because they are concerned for the safety
of the passengers and themselves. Its a concern that will not go away until the needs are met. They
have tried to strengthen the doors and every aspect of security to keep the plane safe and nothing
works. It takes more thank just a strong door and a pilot who can fly the plane. There are just to
many dangers to the pilots. These pilots are not gonna be hijacked of we armed them, but if we
ignore the fact that nothing else is preventing the hijackings they will keep

The Leather Flight Chair Enclosed Olbarwulf
The leather flight chair enclosed Olbarwulf in its embrace like an old friend which, all things
considered, it might as well be. The blaring klaxons, the stamping flight boots, and the incessant
shouting filtered through the cockpit canopy. All were familiar to him. And yet, even after all these
years of deployment, the constant din still was still unnerving. Exhaling slowly, Olbarwulf leaned
back, feeling through his coarse mane, feeling for the socket at the base of his neck. When did I last
go under? he queried, touching the depression, thumbing the optic and data input cables. He needed
to go under, to feel the Thunderbolt as a part of him, to fly. He yearned for that kind of freedom. But
it would have to wait. His co–pilot was late, and a failure to launch fully crewed would land
Olbarwulf directly in the sights of a commissar. The sounds of labored breathing and the unsteady
clump of flight boots on the walkway to Olbarwulf's right announced the belated arrival of his co–
pilot, Gustaf Krienger. One of the heavily persecuted Flavix, Gustaf's life as a co–pilot was harsh
and violent, characterised by the latticework of scars stretching down from his large, dusky eyes to
his whiskered cheeks, physical reminders of the Navy's long–held place as a bastion of conservative
thinking. Olbarwulf held immense respect for the man's abilities as a navigator, but any attempt to
show camaraderie in public with an alien was tantamount to suicide, so he kept trap shut and his
mind

All Airline Pilots Should Be Armed
All Airline Pilots should be Armed Abstract The issue of pilots carrying weapons, while flying, is
not new. Since the earliest days of pilots flying the U.S. Mail, they carried guns to protect
themselves and the vital cargo of mail. Today, pilots are authorized to fly with weapons to protect
the aircraft, their passengers, and themselves from hijackers and terrorists. It has become a last line
of defense in case of a hostile takeover of the aircraft, turning it into a weapon of mass destruction,
as we witnessed, during the devastating attacks on the World Trade Center (9/11). The controversy
surrounding this issue today has grown into heated debates with anti–gun lobbyist protest, and even
the pilots themselves proclaiming their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was designed to add enhanced security during times of "door transition" by impeding access to
the cockpit door and providing additional time for crewmembers to secure the door in the event of
an attempted breach. It is also very costly to the airlines to have the doors installed. There are also
safety concerns. The pilots may become trapped in the cockpit after a crash, or if the door is sealed
tightly, it could blow apart during a pressurization loss. Reinforcing the door is still a good idea, and
it does act as a deterrent to possible hijackings and it may slow down potential hijackers, but it
cannot be relied on 100%. Many people against arming pilots have several reasons to support their
objections. One is that a stray bullet could penetrate the skin on the aircraft and cause a catastrophic
pressurization loss, which could lead to a crash. However, that is simply not true. The fuselage of an
aircraft is made of aluminum alloys, punctures to its surface from a bullet, will only make a hole,
and the aircraft's pressurization system would compensate for the small hole. People probably
would not even notice the difference in pressurization. This theory was actually played out when a
US Airways pilot accidently fired his gun in the cockpit. Thankfully, no one was

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Crew resource management started with a National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), proposal
made amid their investigation of the United Airlines Flight 173 accident. In 1978, over Portland,
Oregon where this aircraft and crew ran out of fuel while the captain was trying to fix landing gear
problem and ignored repeated hints of other crew members telling them that they are dwindling fuel
supply. Only when the engines began to flame out the captain realized their horrible situation. Bad
communication and loss of situational awareness led them to crash over six miles short of the
runway, killing approximately 200 passengers. CRM was born from this catastrophe because
investigators discovered that most of air crashes was caused by human error

Management Of Cognitive Load While Flying
Cognitive Demand Through the combined influences of experience and information processing, a
model of cognitive ability and workload is presented. An increased cognitive workload has the
ability to lead aircrews into a degraded perception of the events unfolding within the cockpit,
creating an environment of miscommunication and confusion (Gibb et al., 2010). When the
operational environment an aircrew is experiencing becomes too demanding, individuals expose
their natural reactions due to the pressure involved. Normal reactions include a heightened sense of
awareness and production, while negative reactions range from abnormal behavior to disengaging
from the cockpit entirely (FAA, 2008). Typical remedies to unusual behavior are focused around
additional training and learning from experience (Gibb et al., 2010). Despite all the precedent that
supports experience acting as a risk mitigation tool, that's not always the case with regard to
automation. Automation has the ability to assist with the management of cognitive load while flying,
although many studies have been completed in an attempt to understand the dynamics that certain
aspects of automation have in the cockpit, and the potential it has to develop into a hazard rather
than an asset (Geiselman et al., 2013). Impact of Automation on Perception Classification of
Automation Although automation has steadily increased it's impact on the modern cockpit in recent
years, human factors still play a vital role in ensuring

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