2. INTRODUCTION:
Experts in education have
identified the revolutionary events in
knowing and learning. The first
revolution came with the invention of
language. This refers to the earliest
humans using facial and body actions
along with unformed sounds in order to
relate with fellow humans. Through
time, they formed words to relay their
ideas, feelings and desires.
3. The second revolution came in the
fifteenth century with the advent of printing.
The third revolution came only during the
last decades of the 20th century.
Information and communication
Technology or ICT is the term used for high
technologies for information and
communication, including computers, mobile
phones, video games, the Internet and the
World Wide Web. Children born in the 21st
century have started to develop skills in
creating and maintaining virtual relationships,
while multitasking or doing multiple digital tasks.
4. The Meaning of Digital Teaching-
and-Learning
The advent of ICT appears to
have created a big problem in
our schools today. The problem is
the rapidly growing gap
between young people in the
classroom and the adult
teachers who teach them.
5. Discovering the digital world
Teachers have to realize
that ICT has started to create
a 21st century digital world,
and they are obliged to
teach the new generation of
learners to be successful in this
kind of world.
6. (a)Open various search engines and use them for looking at
information you wish to know, and these are: Google,
Yahoo, Dogpile, AltaVista, We Crawler, Hotbot, Excite,
Lycos, Search Found and others.
(b)Open social network sites, especially the Facebook and
the Youtube
(c)Open blog sites for writings of so many interests-art,
politics, religion, etc.
(d)Look for music and download free music.
(e)Look for current news and historical events
(f) Try online commerce and see the wide range of products
available for purchase, especially books.
(g)Play video games.
(h)Look for education sites.
7. Digital literacies
From the traditional 3 Rs
(reading, ‘riting and
‘rithmetic), the advent of
Information Technology has
fostered information literacy,
while the advent of mass
communications introduced
media literacy.
8. More specifically forming part of digital literacies
are:
• Use of ICT skills to create and share information
• Searching, sifting, scanning and sorting
information
• Locating and evaluating information
• Using ICT for research and problem-solving
• Making powerpoint and other multimedia
presentations
• Retrieving, organizing, managing, and creating
information
• Sending and receiving messages
9. Literacy to fluency
Table 1: Literacy to new fluencies of 21st century young learners
INFORMATI
ON
FLUENCY
This is the ability to access digital information with the use of
searching and surfing skills. This uses a wide variety of digital tools
such as computers, cell phones, and handheld devices.
Fluency includes the critical evaluation of data.
SOLUTION
FLUENCY
This is about whole-brain creative and problem-solving
thinking.
COLLABO
RATION
FLUENCY
This proficiency in working as a team with virtual or real
partners using social networking sites and online gaming domains
10. MEDIA PROFICIENCY This is the ability for analytic
interpretation of the message of
communication media; also the
ability to create and publish original
digital products, such as a personal
blog or journal.
Digital publishers need to know the
principles of effective design for print,
sound, video, web sites and 3-D
environments.
CREATIVE FLUENCY This is artistic proficiency through
design, art and storytelling.
11. Integrating ICT through student-
centered learning
From Edgar Dale Cone of
Experience, teacher’s are least
effective when students receive
information as passive listeners,
while they are more effective
when students are more active in
the learning process.
12. Table 2: Changes of teacher role using ICT
A shift from
Knowledge transmitter
Primary source of
information
Control and
management
of learning
to
Facilitator,
collaborator,
coach
Navigator of
knowledge, co
learner
Teacher gives
students options
& responsibilities
for their won
learning
13. Table 3: Changes brought about by use of ICT on
students’ roles
Shift from
Passive recipient of
knowledge
Recall of
knowledge
Individual learning
to
Active
participant in
learning
Producing
knowledge
Collaborative
learning
14. Internet learning activities
1. Inquiry-oriented cooperative learning.
2. Web Quests.
3. Thematic Web Collections.
4. Open-ended ,student-directed research projects.
5. Publishing original ideas and thought.
6. Field trips.
7. Project-based learning is one method among others,
which has been proposed in order to involve
students on an inquiry process.
15. Among the key features of effective projects are:
1. Use of essential skills and tools, including technology;
2. Specific outcomes that solve problems, explain issues,
present information gathered through investigation,
research and reasoning.
3. Multiple products needing feedback and experiential
opportunities; performance based assessments’
4. Collaboration in small groups, student presentations,
and class evaluation of project outcomes.
Collaborative learning is group learning coupled
with peer review and exchange information which are
keys to success in the modern world of work and
professions.
