The document discusses polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a versatile thermoplastic material obtained from ethylene and salt. PVC is the third most widely used plastic after polyethylene and polypropylene. It is low cost, chemically and biologically resistant, and has good hardness and mechanical properties. Common uses of PVC include pipes, bottles, doors and windows, and electrical insulation. The document outlines the monomer used, polymerization process, properties, common forms (rigid and flexible), processing techniques like extrusion and injection molding, and applications in construction, packaging, automotive and more.

1. Jameel Sarwar
E14-338
5th semester
College of Engineering & Emerging Technologies.
University of the Punjab, Lahore.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

2.  PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a versatile
thermoplastic material obtained from ethylene
and salt by vinyl chloride polymerization.
 3rd most widely used material in the world after
polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
 Low in cost.
 Chemical & biological resistant.
 Use in making sewage pipes.
 Good hardness and mechanical properties.
 Poor heat stability and hence it melts at 1400C.

3. 1. The monomer of PVC is vinyl
chloride. Its formula is
H2C=CHCl.
2. The molecular weight of
Vinyl chloride is 62.5 g/mol.
3. It is produced by the
addition polymerization of
vinyl chloride which involve
free radical mechanism.
3- D view of PVC monomer
Free radical polymerization of PVC

4. Rigid PVC
 Rigid form of PVC.
 Use in construction as pipes.
 Use on profile applications i.e.
doors and windows.
 Use for bottles, other non-food
packaging, and cards (i.e. bank
or membership cards).
Flexible PVC
 Rigid PVC is made flexible
by the addition of
plasticizers.
 Soft .
 Use in plumbing and
electric cable insulation etc.

5.  Widely used in sanitary purposes.
 Use in making spare parts of cars and other transport vehicles.
 Use in consumer goods and also in packaging.
 Non-flammable.
 Use in making pipes and electrical cables as wire coating.
 Resistant to a variety of acids and bases
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile Strength 2.60 N/mm²
Density 1.38 g/cm3
Notched Impact Strength 2.0 - 45 Kj/m²
T. Coefficient of expansion 80 x 10-6
Max Cont. Use Temp 60 ͦC

6. Processing Techniques
The processes used to produce PVC include:
• Extrusion.
• Injection molding.
• Blow molding.
• Calendaring.
Extrusion Injection molding

7. DN 100 DN 150 DN 200
PVC-U
PE
Steel
CastIron
PVC-U
PE
Steel
CastIron
PVC-U
PE
Steel
CastIron

8. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
HDPE PP-H PP-C PP-
Talc20
PVC-U
E Modulus (MPa)
Tensile stress–strain curves at different temperatures
They can be used to predict the tensile properties of PVC
composites at specified temperature.

9. Research Article
 Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
images illustrate penetration of variant
nanoparticles inside in polyvinyl chloride
 This article investigates the effects
of nanoparticles on permittivities of
polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites.
SEM images for pvc nanocomposites
 A wide range of mechanical systems and structures have been
analyzed to determine failure rates as units age over time. This curve
is the time derivative of the expected cumulative number of failures

10. References
1. The PVC Debate: A Fresh Look By Brent Ehrlich
2. Upgrading of PVC rich wastes by magnetic density separation and
hyper spectral imaging quality control. Valentina Luciani,Giuseppe
Bonifazi, Peter Rem, Silvia Serranti. 2014
3. Thermo-mechanical properties of poly (vinyl chloride)/graphene
oxide as high performance Nano composites Kalim Deshmukh, Girish
M joshi.
4. The basics of plastics, publisher ASTM international, page no. 5.
5. ISRN Materials Science
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 726121, 5 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/726121