This presentation deals with the agricultural technology management meaning, objectives, aims and methodologies for the benefit of students, faculty, extension specialists, agri – entrepreneurs and agri – policy makers.

1. JAI TECH
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT – a Perspective
Prof (Dr) Jai Singh (ARS)
Retd Director ICAR – CIPHET
Jsingh.sre@gmail.com, Mob:8958463808
INTRODUCTION
Agricultural sciences encompass crops agronomy, horticulture, live stocks, poultry,
aquaculture, plantation crops and minor forests. For sustainable, productive, resource
responsive, cost effective and profitable agriculture, the required agricultural
technologies include: (i) genetic –enhancement - adding a specific stretch of DNA into
the plant's / animal genome, giving it new or different characteristics, (ii) biotechnology
and genetic – modification - is biological systems / inserting DNA into the genome of a
living organism or part to develop or create different products, (iii) natural resources
management - sustainable utilization of land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and
wild flora and fauna, (iv) conservation agriculture - maintenance of permanent soil
cover, minimum soil disturbance, diversification of plant species, natural biological
processes above and below the ground surface and increased water and nutrient use
efficiency, (v) climate smart agriculture - integrated approach to manage landscapes -
cropland, livestock, forests and fisheries to address challenges of food security and
climate change / sustainable and productive agricultural methods, (vi) farm
mechanization, (vii) post harvest produce management - system of handling, wastes
reduction, processing, product development, storing, transporting and marketing
agricultural commodities after harvest. (viii) bio fortification - plant breeding, agronomic
practices and biotechnological techniques for increased nutritional value of crops, (ix)
frontier technologies - that can address up - coming challenges and opportunities. (x)
digital technologies - remote sensing geographic information systems, crop and soil
health monitoring, livestock and farm management, crop and input selection, obtaining
credit and insurance, weather advisories, disease- and pest-related assistance.
Today's agriculture is also initializing uses of sophisticated technologies such as robots,
drones, temperature and moisture sensors, aerial images, artificial intelligence and
GPS to make agri - business profitable, resource efficient, cost effective, time bound,
safer, and environmental friendly.

2. The kinds and varieties of raw agricultural produce are numerous and so is the state of
primary, secondary and tertiary processed food, feed, fiber, spices, and apiculture
products.
Agricultural Technology management aims at: (i) higher crop productivity, (ii) managing
the production and processing of agricultural products, (iii) decreased use of water,
energy, fertilizer, and pesticides, (iv) reduced adverse impact on natural ecosystems, (v)
less runoff of chemicals into rivers and groundwater, (vi) farmer driven / farmer
accountable agricultural extension system, (vii) increasing the profits of farmers and
reducing the cost operations, (viii) advanced tools, apparatus, equipment, machines
and structures for making farmer’s efforts effective and reduced drudgery, time and
other inputs, (ix) providing water and nutrients to plant according to their calculated
requirements, (x) E - Commerce system where farmers can sell their products and
purchase other things that they need and (xi) promoting agri - based industries for
income and rural employment generation.
In India, National Agricultural Research System (NARS) is developing and making
available science and technologies for continued transformation of agriculture.. NARS
embodies 65 ICAR Institutions, 14 National Research Centres, 6 National Bureaux, 13
Directorates/Project Directorates, 4 Deemed Universities, 3 Central Agricultural
Universities, 63 State Agricultural Universities, 11 Agricultural Technology Application
Research Institutes (ATARIs) and 725 Krishi Vigyan Kendras. This presentation deals
with the agricultural technology management meaning, objectives, aims and
methodologies for the benefit of students, faculty, extension specialists, agri –
entrepreneurs and agri – policy makers.
Key Words: Technology, science, engineering, arts, agricultural technology
management, sustainable agriculture, crop productivity, natural ecosystems, farmers
driven extension, advanced tools, apparatus, equipment, machines and structures,
NARS,
Important Definitions:
Technology : Application of Science Engineering and Arts to generate Skills, Crafts,
Ways, Manners, Means, Methods Processes in industrial ways of production using
Matters and Materials for utility, usability, safety and human life satisfaction.
Science : Is the systematic knowledge gain of the physical or material world through
observations and experimentations.
Engineering: Is the goal - oriented process of designing, creating, building,
manufacturing, operating and maintaining, tools, devices, equipment, machinery,
apparatuses, structures and systems that solve problems and fulfills the needs.
Arts: Is the product of imagination and creativity in physical form by acquiring skill
through experience, study and observations.

3. Technology Management: Is the interface of science, engineering, economics and
management interwoven into a set of concepts, skills, techniques, practices for decision
making to adapt changing environmental conditions and technological progress for
human / customer advantage.
OBJECTIVES OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
 To prepare individuals to develop scientific, technical, and business skills.
 To boost productivity with efficient resource utilization at cutting costs.
 To manage the work force and systems.
 To manage production and operation systems.
 To satisfy on quality control, safety and health issues.
 Bringing working people and technologies together to do what people are
expecting.
 To store large amount of data and inventory including customer segmentation.
 To open opportunities for global outreach.
 To build capability to face market contenders.
 To gain ability to outsource expensive operations to offsite,
ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
I. Technology evaluation,
II. Technology integration,
III. Work process planning,
IV. Proven work process implementation,
V. Continued training and skill development, and
VI. Changes for product and its quality.
Capability of managing technological assets
I. Facing fast changing environmental conditions,
II. Rapid technological advancements ,
III. Increasing competitive requirements.
IV. Creating sustainable competitive advantage
V. To make sustainable profit and
VI. Survival.
Technology management activities
TM activities are grouped into six main categories:
1. Identification: includes search, auditing, data collection, technology & market
intelligence processes.
2. Selection: strategic objectives and priorities process .
3. Acquisition: buy–collaborate–self development of valuable technologies for
business.
4. Exploitation: include incremental developments, process improvements, and
marketing.

4. 5. Protection: patenting , staff retention
to protect intellectual assets and expertise within firm.
6. Learning: Technological competency, and knowledge management.
TM Capability Measurement Activities :
I. Awareness - quality or state of being aware ,
II. Search – though effort to look / find / discover,
III. Core competence - resources and capabilities,
IV. Strategy - setting goals and priorities, determining actions to achieve the goals,
and mobilizing resources to execute the actions,
V. Assess-selection,
VI. Acquire,
VII. Implementation,
VIII. learning and
IX. linkages.
Four- level scale to measure TM ACTIVITIES
I. unaware (very weak capability),
II. reactive (weak to average capability)
III. strategic (strong capability
IV. creative (very strong capability).
Six – level scale to measure TM ACTIVITIES
i. acquisition,
ii. exploitation,
iii. identification – R&D
iv. environmental monitoring,
v. Business unit environmental monitoring,
vi. Corporate environmental monitoring
Technology Management Performance : TM performance is an economic category
that reflects the ability of organization in using human and material resources to achieve
the organizational targets .
Measurement Scale for Technology Management Performance
i. Revenue - money regularity.
ii. Profit margin - buying and producing cost difference.
iii. Sales growth - ability to generate revenue / unit time.
iv. Capital adequacy - statutory minimum capital reserves.
v. liquidity ratio - ability to pay debt obligations and its margin of safety.

5. vi. Stock prices - cost to buy one share.
vii. Return on assets (resources with economic value) – Profitability on assets.
viii. Return on equity - net income divided by its shareholders' equity/ share value
(ROE).
ix. Return on investment (ROI) - profit on investments.