Computer Intro,Generation of Comp,

1. Session-2
COMPUTER BASICS

2. OBJECTIVES..
 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS.
 IDENTIFICATION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS IN A COMPUTER &
SPECIFICATION.

3. COMPUTER DEFINATION?
 It is an electronic device, which accepts the data,
processes the data and gives you the final result on
the display.
Why it is said to be electronic..?
Because its basic need is electricity and it
has electronic components inside it.

4. BASIC DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER-
USER Binary language
(0’s & 1’s)
result

5. 3 UNITS WHICH MAKE UP A COMPUTER
 Input unit – includes all the input devices.
 What are input devices..?
The devices through which you advice/input an instruction(data)
into the computer are called input devices.
Some of the input devices are:
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanners

6. C.P.U..
 C.P.U (Central Processing unit) – it consists of
other three units namely-
A.L.U(Arithmetic & logic unit) – it performs
arithmetic operations such as +,-,*,/.it also
performs logic operations like <,>,=,etc.
C.U(Control unit) –it controls & co-ordinates all
the peripheral components of the
computer.
Memory – it is the workspace of the computer
where it has data stored temporarily as well as
permanently.

7. Output unit..
 Output unit – includes all the output devices.
what are output devices..?
The devices which gives you the result are said
to be output devices.
Output devices-
Monitor
Speakers
Printers

8. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER.
Input unit Output unit
A.L.U
C.U
Memory
Primary
memory
Secondary
memory
Arithmetic & logic unit
Control unit
Ex: Keyboard,
Mouse,
Scanners, etc.
Ex: Monitor,
Speakers,
printers,etc.

9.  Characteristics are nothing but the features
what a computer has.it defines the computer in
many ways like:
 Speed – the rate at which a system runs.
 Diligence –it never gets tired.
 Versatility –performs ‘n’ no of tasks at the same time.
 Maintenance –it needs to be regularly maintained.
 Accuracy –gives you perfect results.
 Storage –has a workspace for storing data.

10. History Of Computers..
 early mechanical calculating devices included the abacus.

11. Abacus..
An abacus (plurals abacuses or abaci),
also called a counting frame, is a
calculating tool for performing
arithmetic processes. Nowadays, abaci
are often constructed as a wooden
frame with beads sliding on wires, but
originally they were beads or stones
moved in grooves in sand or on tablets
of wood, stone, or metal.

12. Generation of Computers..
 1st Generation
 2nd Generation
 3rd Generation
 4th Generation
 5th Generation

13. First Generation - 1940-1956
 Vacuum Tubes :
 The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous,
taking up entire rooms.
 They were very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.

14. Second Generation - 1956-1963:
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the
second generation of computers.
 The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see
widespread use in computers until the late 50s.
 The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube,
allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper,
more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-
generation predecessors.

15. Third Generation - 1964-1971
 The development of the integrated circuit was the
hallmark of the third generation of computers.
 Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

16. Fourth Generation - 1971-Present.
 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of
computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built
onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled
an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.
 The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
components of the computer - from the central processing
unit and memory to input/output controls - on a single chip.

17. Fifth Generation..
 The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-
organization.

18. Classification of Computers
 Analog Computers
 Digital Computers

19. Analog Computers
An analog computer (spelled analogue in
British English) is a form of computer that
uses continuous physical quantities such as
electrical, mechanical or hydraulic
phenomena to model the problem being
solved.

20. Digital Computer..
A computer that stores data in terms of digits
(numbers) and proceeds in discrete steps
from one state to the next.
 The states of a digital computer typically
involve binary digits which may take the form
of the presence or absence of magnetic
markers in a storage medium (see memory),
on-off switches or relays.
FIRST DIGITAL COMPUTER

21. Computer Comprises:
 Hardware
 Software

22. Hardware..
 The term hardware covers all of those parts of a
computer that are tangible objects. Circuits,
displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards,
printers and mice are all hardware.

23. Software..
 Software refers to parts of the computer
which do not have a material form, such as
programs, data, protocols, etc.

24. Types of software-
 System software : Ex: O.S
 Application software :Ex: MS-office
 Development software : Ex: C & C++
 Embedded software : Ex: Pen drive
 Utility software : Ex: antivirus

25. Identification of various components in a
computer

26. Keyboard & Mouse..

27. Case/Cabinet..

28. Power supply(S.M.P.S)

29. Motherboard..

30. Processor

31. Memory

32. Storage Devices

33. Adapter cards..

34. Display devices
LCD MONITORS CRT MONITOR
TOUCH SCREEN MONITORS

35. Ports and cables
CABLES
PORTS

36. Optical Drives(CD-Drive)
DVD-DRIVE
Blue-Ray Drive

37. Thank you