This document provides an overview of computers including: 1. It describes how Charles Babbage originated the concept of a programmable computer and is considered the "Father of the Computer." 2. It outlines the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the development of integrated circuits, microprocessors, and the goal of artificial intelligence for fifth generation computers. 3. It discusses common computer components like the CPU, motherboard, RAM, and different types, sizes, and units of measurement for computers.

1. Computer Presentation

2. Submitted by : Manjinder pal Singh

3. .Computer is a electronic device .
. Computer is a general-purpose device that can be
programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically.
.It help us to save our time and energy.
. It Reduces our workload & create interest in our work.

5. .Charles Babbage , an English mechanical eng. And
polymath, originated the concept of a programmable
computer.
.He is known as “Father of the Computer”
.He conceptualized and invented first mechanical
computer in the early 19th century

6. .CPU
.MONITER/LCD/LED
.MOUSE
.KEYBOARD
.PRINTER
.PEN DRIVE
.SCANNER
.MODEM
.CAMERA
.SPEAKERS

7. Education Field
Science Field Business Field

8. .SPEED
.DILIGANCE
.ACCURACY
.AUTOMATIC
.NO FEELING
.NO I.Q
.REDUCTION IN COST
.VERSTALITY

9. Input devices
 The devices which are
used to input the data
and the programs in
the computer are
known as "Input
Devices". or Input
device can read data
and convert them to
a form that a
computer can use.
Output devices
 Output Device can
produce the final
product of machine
processing into a
form usable by
humans. It provides
man to machine
communication.

12. Types of storage device
Primary storage devices
 Primary storage (also known
as main memory or internal
memory), often referred to
simply as memory, is the only
one directly accessible to the
CPU.The CPU continuously
reads instructions stored there
and executes them as required.
Any data actively operated on is
also stored there in uniform
manner. It includes RAM and
Cache
Secondary storage devices
 Secondary storage (also known
as external memory or auxiliary
storage), differs from primary
storage in that it is not directly
accessible by the CPU.The
computer usually uses
its input/output channels to
access secondary storage and
transfers the desired data using
intermediate area in primary
storage. It includes hard drives
and disk etc.

14. First generation computers(1940-
1954) vacuum tubes
 The first computers used vacuum
tubes for circuitry and magnetic
drums for memory.
 They are very expensive to operate
and in addition to using a great deal
of electricity generated a lot of heat.
 First generation computers relied on
machine language.
 The input was based on punched
cards and paper tape and output
was displayed on printouts.
 UNIVAC computers are examples of
first generation computers.

15. Second generation computers(1956-1963)
Transistors
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
in second generation.
 Computers moved from machine
language to assembly language.
 Computers become smaller cheaper
and faster.
 Memory was stored in magnetic
cores.
 High level programming languages
were developed at that time such as
COBOL and FORTRAN.

16. Third generation computers(1964-1971)
Integrated circuits
 The development of the integrated
circuit was the hallmark of the third
generation of computers.
 Transistors were miniaturized and
placed on silicon chips,
called semiconductors, which
drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers.
 Instead of punched cards and
printouts, users interacted with third
generation computers
through keyboards and monitors.

17. Fourth generation computers(1971-1985)
Microprocessor
 The microprocessor brought the
fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits
were built onto a single silicon chip.
 A microprocessor is a single chip
(L.S.I circuit), which is used in a
computer for any arithmetical or
logical functions to be performed in
any program.
 With the use of microprocessor in
the fourth generation computers,
the size of computer become very
fast and efficient.

18. Fifth generation computers(1980-till
today) Artificial intelligence
 Fifth generation computing devices,
based on artificial intelligence, are
still in development, though there
are some applications, such as voice
recognition, that are being used
today.
 The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality.
 The goal of fifth-generation
computing is to develop devices
that respond to natural language
input and are capable of learning
and self- organisation.

19. What is CPU ?
 Brain of the computer.
 It directs and controls the entire computer
system and performs all arithmetic and logical
operations.

20. .Mother Board
.Processor
.Ram
.Rom
.DVD-Player

22. PROCESSING
SYSTEM
DATA
INFORMATION

23. Functions of an Information
Processing System
1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)
2. It processes data to become information.
(PROCESSING)
3. It stores data and information. (STORE)
4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)

24. Three Major Components of an
Information Processing
System
 HARDWARE is the tangible part of a computer
system.
 SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part that tells
the computer how to do its job.
 PEOPLEWARE refer to people who use and
operate the computer system, write computer
programs, and analyze and design the
information system.

25. MAINFRAME
COMPUTERS
MINICOMPUTERS
MICROCOMPUTERS/PE
RSONAL COMPUTERS

26. Computer Sizes
 MAINFRAME are large general purpose
computers.
 MINICOMPUTER perform multi-tasking and
allow many terminals to be connected to their
services.
 MICROCOMPUTER (Personal Computer) is most
widely used especially at home because of its
affordable price and manageability.

27. Basic Units of Measurement
 BIT is a unit of information equivalent to the
result of a choice between only 2 possible
alternatives in the binary number system.
 BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to
represent one character of alphanumeric data)
processed as a single unit for information.

28. Basic Units of Measurement
 A byte can be used to represent a single
character, which can be:
 A letter
 A number
 A special character or symbol, or
 A space

30. Basic Units of Measurement
 1,000 bytes =1 kilobyte (K or KB)
1,000 KB =1 megabyte (MB)
1,000 MB =1 gigabyte (GB)
1,000 GB =1Terabyte (TB)

31. Disadvantages of computer
 Lack of Physical
Activity
 Causes poor blood
circulation
 Creates tendency to
skip meals
 Poor posture causes
body-ache
 Has an ill effect on
education