English book 2

ɔ
According to /əˈkˈrd·ɪŋ·tə, -ˈ -
tʊ,
ˈtuˈ/
• Preposition

ɔ
tʊ,
ˈtuˈ/
• Preposition
• as stated by

ɔ
tʊ,
ˈtuˈ/
• Preposition
• as stated by
• According to my mother, you have to eat three
meals a day every day.

ɔ
tʊ,
ˈtuˈ/
• preposition

ɔ
tʊ,
ˈtuˈ/
• preposition
• FOLLOWING: in a way that agrees with; by

ɔ
tʊ,
ˈtuˈ/
• preposition
• FOLLOWING: in a way that agrees with; by
• The teacher sorted the exams according to
grade, with the A’s on top and the F’s on the
bottom.

ə/
banana /bəˈnæn·
• noun C/U

ə/
banana /bəˈnæn·
• noun C/U
• a long, curved fruit with a usually yellow skin
and soft, sweet flesh inside

ə/
banana /bəˈnæn·
• noun C/U
• a long, curved fruit with a usually yellow skin
and soft, sweet flesh inside
• Banana is a good and useful fruit.

əz/
bananas /bəˈnæn·
• adjective

əz/
• adjective
• not gradable informal

əz/
• adjective
• very excited because of pleasure, anger, or
another emotion

əz/
• adjective
• very excited because of pleasure, anger, or
another emotion
• She’ll go bananas when you tell her the news.

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• MONEY

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• MONEY
• a piece of paper money

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• MONEY
• a piece of paper money
• He pulled out a thick wad of bills and gave me
$20.

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• REQUEST FOR PAYMENT

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• 1- a list of expenses to be paid, or the total
amount of costs or expenses

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• We still have doctors’ bills to pay.

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• We still have doctors’ bills to pay.
• 2 - A bill is also a check

bill /bɪl/
• verb T
• to send someone a statement of what is owed

bill /bɪl/
• verb T
• to send someone a statement of what is owed
• Some places will bill you, but at others you
have to pay right away.

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• LAW (politics & government)

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• a formal statement of a planned new law that
is discussed by a government or legislature
before being voted on

Bill /bɪl/
• noun C
• a formal statement of a planned new law that
is discussed by a government or legislature
before being voted on
• After a bill is passed by both houses of
Congress, it becomes law when the president
signs it.

cage /keɪdʒ/
• noun C
• a structure shaped like a box but with bars or
wires as its sides,

cage /keɪdʒ/
• noun C
• a structure shaped like a box but with bars or
wires as its sides,
• for keeping pets or for housing animals The
lab was stocked with wire cages for mice.

cassette /kəˈset
/

cassette /kəˈset
/
• noun C

cassette /kəˈset
/
• noun C
• a flat, rectangular device containing a very
long strip of magnetic material that is used to
record sound or pictures; an audiocassette or
videocassette

cassette /kəˈset
/
• noun C
videocassette
• He listens to cassettes, CDs, even vinyl records.

cassette /kəˈset
/
• noun C
videocassette
• He listens to cassettes, CDs, even vinyl records.
• Insert the cassette and press play.

cassette player
old new

cassette player
• noun C
• a device used for listening to recorded music
that has been replaced mainly by the CD

copy ˈkɑp·i
• verb T
• to produce something that is exactly like
another thing, or to do something meant to
be like someone or something else The design
was copied from a 19th-century wallpaper.

copy ˈkɑp·i
• verb T
• to produce something that is exactly like
another thing, or to do something meant to
be like someone or something else The design
was copied from a 19th-century wallpaper.
• He copied the file onto a diskette.

copy /ˈkɑp·i/
• noun C
• 1 - always keep copies of letters I have written.
• Please make two copies of this.

copy /ˈkɑp·i/
• noun C
• 2- A copy is also a single unit of something
produced in large numbers, usually for sale:

copy /ˈkɑp·i/
• noun C
• I had a copy of her latest CD somewhere.

copy /ˈkɑp·i/
• noun C
• I had a copy of her latest CD somewhere.
• We ordered ten copies of the book.

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• verb

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• verb
• 1- to choose between one possibility or
another : T I decided I would try it.

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• verb
• + to do something: In the end, we decided to
go to the theater.
• + question word: We’re trying to decide how
to proceed.
• + ( that ) clause: He decided (that) it was his
business.

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• verb
• 2- If something decides a result in a
competition, it causes that result:
• T A mistake by our team decided the game
against us.

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• verb
• 3- A deciding factor is something so important
that it forces a particular decision:
• The deciding factor in choosing this school was
that it was far from home.

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• If someone is deciding a time or an amount,
especially an exact date or price, the verbs fix
and set are often used.
• The price has been set/fixed at $10.
• Have you set/fixed a date for the wedding?

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• If someone makes a final and certain decision
about a plan, date, etc., the verb finalize is
sometimes used.
• We've chosen a venue for the wedding, but we
haven't finalized the details yet.

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• The verb settle and the phrasal verb settle
on/upon are also often used when someone is
making a final decision.
• Have you settled on a place to live yet?
• OK then, we're going to Spain. That's settled .

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• To resolve to do something, is to decide
definitely that you will do it.
• Emma weighed herself and resolved to lose
some weight.

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• The expression make up your mind is often
used to mean "to decide."
• I like them both – I just can't make up my
mind which one to pick.
• Have you made up your mind whether you're
going?

ɑɪd/
decide /dɪˈs
• If someone is unable to decide between two
choices, in informal situations you can use the
expression be torn between something and
something else.
• I'm torn between the fish and the beef.

ɑɪd·əd/
decided /dɪˈs
• adjective
• clear; certain
• There’s been a decided improvement in
subway service.

ɑɪd·əd·li/
decidedly /dɪˈs
• adverb
• He was decidedly careful about what he told
me.

ɪʒ·ən/
decision /dɪˈs
• noun C
• something you choose; a choice
• The board will make its decision shortly.
• + to do something
• Their decision not to attend the party puzzled
everyone.

ɑɪ·sɪv/
decisive /dɪˈs
• adjective
• 1 making choices quickly and surely, without
having any doubts
• In an emergency, decisive action is called for.
• 2 Decisive also means without doubt or
question, and of the greatest importance:
DNA test results were decisive in proving his
innocence.

ɑɪ·sɪv·li/
decisively /dɪˈs
• adverb
• We had to act quickly and decisively to put out
the fire.

decision-making
• noun U
• the process of making choices, esp. important
choices
• She plays no part in the daily decision-making.
• The bank gave decision-making authority to
individual businesses.

Do right
• Do sth correctly
• If you do the exercises right , I will give a good
mark.

Give back
• = return( ed )
• Pt: gave back
• PP: given back
• Can I borrow your English book? I’ll give it
back in two days.

Keep /kiˈp
/
• verb T
• past kept
• to continue doing something without
stopping, or to do it repeatedly
• I keep thinking I’ve seen her somewhere
before.

Language lab
• A room in which you can listen to languages
with special tools.

ɪ
mistake /məˈstek/
• noun C
• 1- an action or decision that is wrong or produces
a result that is not correct or not intended
• We all make mistakes.
• + to do something: It was a mistake to come to
this restaurant without a reservation.
• 2- By mistake means unintentionally:
• I’m sorry – I must have dialed your number by
mistake.

ɪ
mistake /məˈstek/
• verb T
• Pt: mistook , PP:mistaken
• to be wrong about or fail to recognize
something or someone
• T always + adv/prep I called Karen and
mistook her mother for her
• I thought I was speaking to Karen when I was
speaking to her mother .

ɪ
mistaken /məˈste·kən/
• adjective not gradable
• wrong
• I was mistaken about how much it would cost.
• .

ɪ
mistakenly /məˈste·kən·li/
• adverb
• Teens mistakenly believe that once they have a
tan, their skin is protected against sunburn

mistake

• Be careful not to use the verb do with the
noun mistake . The correct verb is make .
• I never make mistakes in my essays.

fault or mistake/error ?

• Use fault when explaining who is responsible
for something bad.
• It's my fault that the car was stolen. I left the
window open.

fault or mistake/error ?
• Use mistake or error for talking about
something you did or thought that was wrong.
Error is slightly more formal than mistake .
• I still make lots of mistakes in my essays.
• We lost a week's work due to a computer
error.

mistake

• A common alternative is the noun error .
• He admitted that he'd made an error .
• The letter contained a number of typing errors

mathematics /ˈmæθ·əˈmæ·ɪks,
t̬
mæθˈ mæt/
• - short form math /mæθ/
• noun U
• the science of numbers, forms, amounts, and
their relationships

mathematical ˈmæθ·ə·ˈ ·ɪ·kəl,
mæt̬
mæθˈ mæt
̬- adjective not gradable
• a mathematical formula

mathematician
/ˈmæθ·ə·məˈt ɪʃ·ən/
• - noun C
• a person skilled in mathematics

motorcycle /ˈmoʊt̬·ərˈs
ɑɪ·kəl/

motorcycle /ˈmoʊt̬·ərˈs
ɑɪ·kəl/
• noun C
• a two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine

passage /ˈpæs·ɪdʒ/
• noun C
• a short piece of writing or music that is part of
a larger piece
• a short passage about studying english .

pick up (something/someone)
• phrasal verb M
• to lift something or someone
• He picked his briefcase up and headed for the
door.
• She picked up the little boy and kissed him.

ɔˈrd
reward /rɪˈw /
• noun C/U
• 1 something given in exchange for a useful idea,
good behavior, excellent work, etc. U Students
hoped for more reward than an announcement in
the school paper of their achievement.
• C The rewards benefits of motherhood outweigh
the difficulties.
• 2 A reward is also an amount of money given to
someone who gives information about a crime to
the police or who helps to return lost or stolen
property to its owner.

ɔˈrd
reward /rɪˈw /
• verb T
• He was rewarded for his bravery with a medal
from the president.

ɔˈrd·
rewarding /rɪˈw ɪŋ/

• adjective
• satisfying or beneficial
• a rewarding experience

Run out of
• phrasal verb = finish
• to use something completely so that nothing
is left
• He just ran out of ideas.
• Time is running out There is only a little time
left .

slice /slɑɪs/
• noun C
• 1- a flat, often thin piece of food that has been
cut from a larger piece:
• a slice of bread/cake/pizza

slice /slɑɪs/
• noun C
• 2- figurative A slice is also any small part that
has been separated from something larger:
She demanded a slice of the profits.

slice /slɑɪs/
• noun C
• 3- If you describe a story as a slice of life , you
mean that it shows ordinary details of the
lives of the people mentioned: The drama is a
slice of life about Puerto Ricans living in the
Bronx.

slice /slɑɪs/
• verb T
• to cut something into thin pieces, or to cut
one or more thin pieces from something
• Slice the onions and fry them in butter.

sugar /ˈʃʊg·ər/
• noun U
• biology
• a sweet substance obtained esp. from
particular plants and used to make food and
drinks sweet

take apart
• something phrasal verb M
• to separate the parts of something so that
they are not together
• I like to take things apart to see how they
work.

tape /teɪp/
• noun C/U
• RECORDING MATERIAL: a long, narrow strip of
plastic or thin metal used to record and play
sound or sound and pictures; a cassette or
videotape C
• Did you make a tape of Tyler’s concert?
• U Is that movie available on tape yet?

tape /teɪp/
• verb T
• This song was taped recorded live in concert.

tape /teɪp/
• noun U
• STICKY MATERIAL :a long, narrow strip of
plastic, cloth, or paper that is sticky on one
side and is used to attach things masking/duct
tape
• packing/electrical tape
• trademark Scotch tape

tape /teɪp/
• verb T
• I taped a note on her door. He taped the pages
back together.

Unhappy/ʌnˈhæp·i
/
• adjective
• NOT PLEASED: not feeling pleasure or
satisfaction
• It was an unhappy time of her life.
• They were unhappy about their hotel room did
not like it and asked to be moved.
• unhappiness /ʌnˈhæp·i nəs/ˈ·
• noun U

upset /ʌpˈset
/
• adjective
• Mom gets really upset if we don’t call and tell
her where we are.
• She was very upset about losing her wallet.

upset /ʌpˈset
/
• verb T
• upsetting , past upset
• to make someone worried, unhappy, or angry
The governor’s veto upset a lot of people.

upsetting /ʌpˈ ·ɪŋ/
set̬
• adjective
• an upsetting remark

Which one?
• Sad and miserable mean the same as "unhappy."
• I felt so sad after he left.
• I just woke up feeling miserable .
• If someone is upset , that person is unhappy
because something bad has happened.
• They'd had an argument and she was still upset
about it.
• Mike got very upset when I told him the news.

find out (something)
• phrasal verb M: past found
• to obtain knowledge of something, or to
obtain knowledge of someone's activities, esp.
dishonest ones How did you find out about the
party?
• I just found out that he was cheating on the
test.
• He wondered whether his boss was involved,
but he saw no way of finding that out.

know or find out ?

• If you know something, you already have the
information.
• Andy knows what time the train leaves.
• Her parents already know about the problem.
• If you find something out , you learn new
information for the first time.
• I'll check on the Internet to find out what time the
train leaves.
• I'll check on the Internet to know what time the
train leaves.

While /hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/
• noun U
• a length of time: He only had to wait a short
while.
• It was a while before any waiter took their order.
• That happened a while ago did not happen
recently .
• I haven’t seen him for a while a long time .
• She’s getting dressed, and she’ll be ready in just a
little while soon .

while /hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/
• conjunction
• during the time that, or at the same time as
• I read it while you were drying your hair.
• "I’m going to the post office." "While you’re
there can you get me some stamps?"

While/hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/
• conjunction
• despite the fact that; although
• While I know he’s not perfect, I do like him.

while /hwɑɪl, wɑɪl/
• conjunction
• compared with the fact that; but
• Tom is very outgoing, while Ken’s shy and
quiet.

Get cold
•
• Put on your coat, it may get cold.

ɑɪt/
polite /pəˈl
• adjective
• behaving in a way that is socially correct and
shows respect for other people’s feelings
• She was too polite to point out my mistake.

ɑɪt·li/
politely /pəˈl
• .
• adverb
• He politely asked them to leave.

ɑɪt·nəs/
politeness /pəˈl
• noun U
• With unfailing politeness he answered their
questions.

puzzle /ˈpʌz·əl/
• noun C
• 1- something that is difficult to understand
Their son is a puzzle to them.
• The police are trying to solve the puzzle of who
sent them the letter.

• noun C
• 2- A puzzle is also a game or toy in which you
have to fit separate pieces together, or a
problem or question which you have to
answer by using your skill or knowledge:
• a jigsaw/crossword puzzle

• verb I/T
• T It puzzles me why she said that.
• I always + adv/prep
• We puzzled over what it meant.

puzzled /ˈpʌz·əld/
• adjective
• She looked puzzled, then suspicious.

request /rɪˈkwest
/
• noun C/U
• an act of asking for something, or the thing
asked for
• C: The library gets a lot of requests for books
about new babies.
• U: An application will be sent to you upon
request if you ask .

request /rɪˈkwest
/
• verb T
• + that clause
• The caller requested that his name not be
mentioned on the air.

require or request?

• The main meaning of require is "need."
• Learning a language requires time and effort.
• Request means "ask for."
• I wrote a letter to request more information.

unusual /ʌnˈju ʒə·wəl/
ˈ·
• adjective
• different from what is usual or expected
• I was actually on time, which is unusual for
me.

ʒə·wə·li/
unusually /ʌnˈju·
• adverb not gradable
• in a way or to a degree that is different from
what is usual or expected
• We had unusually warm weather in December.
• There is no evidence of unusually high rates of
disease.

Would you mind…….?

• We use this for requesting politely.
• Would you mind closing the door? It’s a little
cold here.
• Would you mind not talking so loudly ? I want
to study.

You’re welcome.
• We use it when somebody thanks us.
• “Thank you so much”
• “ You’re welcome.”

English book 2

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