Biodegradable Additive.pptx
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Brief explanation of biodegradation additive to solve micro and macro plastic problems. Biodegradation additive make conventional plastic become biodegradable. The biodegradation process has two stap biodegradation. First, abiotic degradation triggered by physical and chemical process. Secondly, biodegradation stage; which convert the plastic residual into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass by microbial activities.
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Biodegradable Additive.pptx
- 1. FIGHT AGAINST MACRO & MICRO PLASTIC WASTE Dr. Isroi Jun 23
- 2. Bioplastic Quadrant Additive Kakadellis, Sarah, and Zoe M. Harris. "Don’t scrap the waste: The need for broader system boundaries in bioplastic food packaging life-cycle assessment–A critical review." Journal of Cleaner Production 274 (2020): 122831.
- 3. How biodegradable additive work….????? Plastic Polymers Chain additive Microbes CO2 Release Triggered by: - UV Light - Sunlight - Heat - Humidity In Natural Environments and Landfill
- 4. Biodegradation mechanism by additive Biodegradation of conventional plastic by additive is a two-stage process, i.e. first degradation into small fragments with lower molecular weight which is triggered by physical and chemical stress, heat, photo- degradation. Secondly, these fragments are biologically ready to biodegrade by microorganisms and be converted into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. The rate at which this happens for conventional plastics is very slow, taking decades or even centuries. Biodegradable additives are catalysts that accelerate this biodegradation process so that it occurs over a few months to a couple of years. Degradation by physical and chemical process
- 6. Plastic pollution size categories ≥25mm <25 - 5mm <5 - 1mm <1mm - 1𝜇m Macro Meso Micro Mini-micro
- 7. Ocean Plastic Waste Macro and Micro Plastic Waste: around 2.3 million tons Micro Plastic Waste: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/08/world/ocean-plastic-pollution-climate- intl/index.html#:~:text=The%20world's%20oceans%20are%20polluted,according%20to%20a%20new%20stud y. around 35,540 tons https://endplasticwaste.org/en/our-stories/the-plastic-waste-problem- explained?gad=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwj_ajBhCqARIsAA37s0zDJG6dXgqalJJu5ZLTNu4hb3IbOZ_OfSKUSe8BiQpYLqPV_4jBL9 MaArTaEALw_wcB
- 8. What are microplastics…..???? Larger pieces quantified into smaller pieces. Classified according to length. <5 mm considered to be microplastics. All kind of conventional plastic could be degraded into microplastic. Microplastic persistent for hundreds of years in the environment.
- 9. PRIMARY MICROPLASTICS Those which enter the marine environment in their « micro » size SECONDARY MICROPLASTICS Resulting from the breakdown of larger plastics in the marine environment Fibres Pellets Microbeads Fragments Foam Films TYPES OF MICROPLASTICS | Overview
- 10. 35% 24% 28% Global releases of primary microplastics to the world oceans by source (in %) https://resourcelab.dk/plastics/pollution/oceans/2018/10/11/plastic-polution-tires-clothing.html
- 11. Microplastic formation and Biodegradation Plastic waste degradation and biodegradation are NATURAL PROCESS but need hundreds of years to complete. Microplastic will be persistent for hundreds years in the environment before completely biodegraded into CO2, H2O and biomass. Hundreds of years Decades Decades Plastic Wastes Meso-Micro Plastic CO2 H2O Biomass Fragmentation
- 12. Khoironi, Adian, et al. "Evaluation of polypropylene plastic degradation and microplastic identification in sediments at Tambak Lorok coastal area, Semarang, Indonesia." Marine pollution bulletin 151 (2020): 110868.
- 13. HOW CAN BIODEGRADABLE ADDITIVE CONTRIBUTE IN ORDER TO SOLVING MACRO & MICROPLASTIC WASTE PROBLEM?
- 14. Hundreds of Years Several Years Additive technology speed up the NATURAL PROCESS of plastic degradation and biodegradation from hundreds of years into only several years. OXIUM Plastic Degraded into small molecule weight CO2 H2O Biomass Biodegradation
- 16. Standard Test for Biodegradable Additives ASTM 6954 Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation.
- 17. Accelerated Degradation Test - Molecular Weight Analysis - Biodegradation Test ASTM D5208-14, Standard Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure of Photodegradable Plastics
- 19. Biodegradation Test – ISO 20200 Bioplastik
- 20. Biodegradation Test – ASTM D5338 - CO2 evolution analyzed by titration method. - Percentages of degradation calculated based on the CO2 released in the system as result of biodegradation of the Biodegradable plastic.
- 22. Ecotoxicity test - Ecotoxicity - Plant growth - Terrestrial toxicity test - Aquatic toxicity test - Plant Germination test - Earthworm Test
Editor's Notes
- Microplastics can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary microplastics are those which enter the environment already in this size category either because they have been manufactured that size (eg. pre-industrial pellets or “nurdles”) or resulting from the abrasion of larger plastic items during manufacturing or use (e.g. clothes fibres released during washing process). 98% of losses of primary microplastics are from land-based activities. Secondary microplastics are those which originate from larger plastic objects degrading in the marine environment through the effect of wind, waves or sunlight, such as fragments, films and foams. Microbeads, famous for their presence in cosmetics, but also used in sandblasting, are mini-microplastics of the primary kind.