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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1495 PERFORMANCE OF BIO OIL ON JOURNAL BEARING INSTEAD OF SYNTHETIC OIL Mrs.S.A.Jagtap1, Dr. L.B.Abhang 2, Prof. M.J.Gitay3 1P.G Scholar, ME Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V.A.C.O.E., Ahmednagar , Maharashtra, India 2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V.A.C.O.E, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India 3Asst.Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering ,S.S.M.A.P, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India -----------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Rapid decrease in petroleum resources, we are in search of alternative sources for power generation and environmental hazards alarms to use eco-friendly alternative. Jatropha is a non-edible sourced Bio-lubricant shows excellent coefficient of friction, noble anti-wear capability, low environmental emission. Recent research states Jatropha have higher viscosity and improves the load carrying capacity. Comparative study of popular synthetic lubricant (i.e. 20W40, Turbinol XT46 oil) with Jatropha oil has been carried out. The friction forces and the hydrodynamic friction coefficients are calculated and compared. Rapid depletion of petroleum resources and environmental hazards alarms to use eco-friendly alternative. Jatropha is a non-edible sourced Bio-lubricant shows low coefficient of friction, anti-wear capability, low environmental hazardous. Key Words:Bio-lubricant, Jatropha, journal bearing, load carrying capacity, pressure distribution and viscosity. 1. INTRODUCTION Lubricant is a substance that reduces wear and friction by formation of thin oil film in between the contacting areas of two mating bodies. Removal of heat, prevention against corrosion, transmission of power is the basic functions of lubricating oil. Lubricant roles as seal between the two moving boundaries layers and hence trap and remove the wear particles forms in between them. To perform this role lubricating oil must possess some specific chemical and physical characteristics. The viscosity of the lubricant is the principal characteristic of the lubricating oil which greatly influences the friction and wear reductionandthusincreases the overall efficiency of power transmission. [1] At present the world is dealing with increasing crude oil price, depletion of crude oil reserves and global environmental concern about preventing the environment from pollution, have generated awareness in the society for developing and using the environment friendly alternative lubricant from derived sources. Non-edible vegetable oil based bio-lubricants. are environment friendly as they are bio-degradable, non-toxic and having zero contribution in greenhouse effect and potential of these non-edible sourced bio-lubricants for automotive application is discussed and non-edible sourced lubricants lave enhanced lubricity, good anti wear property, higher viscosity and viscosity index, low evaporation and emission, increased equipmentlifeandhigh load carrying capacity. [2] Vegetable oil can be used as lubricants in their natural form. Advantages of vegetable oil are that they show higher viscosity index and flash point compared with the mineral oil. Limiting side is that they are susceptible to oxidation hence low oxidation stability, low temperature limitation and unpleasant smell, filter clogging tendency at lower temperature. [3] By using Cygnus wear setup and four-ball tribo testing machines setup we can find properties of Jatropha oil. Jatropha oil (JO) by volume fraction of 16-56% has been blended with the base lubricant SAE-40 oil to formulate the bio-lubricants and results showed that the lubrication regime occurred during the test was boundary lubricated while the main wear mechanisms are abrasive and adhesive wear. Lowest wear was found with the addition of 12% Jatropha oil in SAE 40oil and above 22%concentration ofJO in SAE 40 oil, the wear rate get increased considerably. The result of tribotest shows an addition of Jatropha oil in the base lubricant shows excellent lubricant additive characteristics, which reduce the friction and wear scar diameter by maximum 35% and 30%respectivelyduringthe tribo test. The application of 11% bio- lubricants in the automotive engines will enhance the mechanical efficiency and take part to reduce the dependency on petroleum oil as well. [4] 2. JATROPHA BIO-LUBRICANTS Jatropha Bio-lubricant is a non-edible sourced vegetable oil which shows potential characteristics to be used as bio lubricant as it have high viscosity and viscosity index compared to other vegetable oils which are close to the commercially used synthetic oils. Analysis showed that the viscosity, density, thermal conductivity and pour point of Jatropha were higher than the values of SAE 20W40 oil engine oil while specific heat, flash point andrefractiveindex values of Jatropha were less than the valuesofSAE20W40oil engine oil. It’s an oil seed tree. It produces very high quality bio fuel.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1496 Fig 1. Jatropha seed 1.1. Problem statement The mineral oil causes oil pollution due to non-degradable that’s why bio oils are been used as an alternative for mineral oils .These are pollution free ,it can last longer,ithas better properties like flash point ,pour point ,fire point, viscosity, viscosity index, foaming ,acidity alkalinity etc. Bio Oils are used for load carrying capacity of JournalBearings.It gives minimum oil film thickness. 1.2. Objective To find the equivalent oils instead of mineral oil like bio lubricants such as jatropha which helps to determine the followings: Viscosity of oil Load carrying capacity of journal bearing 3. HYDRODYNAMIC JOURNAL BEARING Hydrodynamic journal bearing is the very important component or part of any rotating machine and the working performance of hydrodynamicjournalbearingdependsupon the working performance of its lubricant during the lubrication. The Journal Speed and eccentricityratioplaysan important part in the working performance of journal bearing. A finite length short journal with L/D ratio 0.5 is used throughout the study and all dimension of hydrodynamic journal bearing used in this extensive study are as shown in table. Fig 2: Schematics diagram of journal bearing with its pressure distribution Table 3.1.The properties of the lubricants used in the experiments. Properties Turbinol XT 46 Jatropha Viscosity at 40°C 42 52 Viscosity index 98 110 Flash point 215 265 Pour point -6 1 4 .EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 4.1. Journal bearing tester Fig 3. Journal bearing tester TR-60 Specifications 1. Journal Diameter : 39.90mm 2. L/D ratio : 1 3. Radial load :750N max 4. Speed range : 150 to 2000 rpm 5. Test bearing : 40.120 mm(inner diameter) 6. Journal Material : EN 31 7. Bearing material : Brass 8. Radial Clearance : 0.075mm 9. Oil tank capacity : 3 Lit 10. AC Induction motor : 1HP,1415 rpm,50Hz, 5A
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1497 5. TRIALS 5.1. Trials on Journal Bearing Tester for Maximum Pressure Lubricants Load Rpm Maximum Pressure SAE 20W40 450N 1500 1400 TURBINOL XT46 450N 1500 1450 JATROPHA 450N 1500 1650 Table 5.1Reading of Maximum Pressure Graph 5.1 20W40 Graph 5.2 Turbinol XT 46 Graph 5.3 Bio oil
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1498 5.2. Trials For Load Carrying Capacity Load carrying capacity (W): W = (πµUl3/4c2)× × Lubricants Load/ RPM Load Carrying Capacity SAE 20W40 450N / 1500 101× 103 N TURBINOL XT46 450N / 1500 106× 103 N JATROPHA 450N / 1500 132.85× 103 N Table 5.2 Load Carrying Capacity 5.3 .Trials For Pressure Distribution Pressure Distribution (P): P = Lubricants Load/ RPM Pressure Distribution SAE 20W40 450N / 1500 324× 103 N/m2 TURBINOL XT46 450N / 1500 347× 103 N/m2 JATROPHA 450N / 1500 423× 103 N/m2 Table 5.3 Pressure Distribution 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 6.1. Maximum Pressure: Graph 6.1: Comparison of Maximum Pressure 6.2. Load Carrying Capacity Table 6.1: Reading of Load Carrying Capacity LUBRICANTS LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY 20W40 101×103 N Turbinol XT 46 106×103 N Jatropha 131.25×103 N
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1499 Graph 6.2: Comparison of Load Carrying Capacity 6.3. Pressure Distribution Table 6.2: Reading of Pressure Distribution Lubricants Pressure Distribution SAE 20W40 324× 103 N/m2 TURBINOL XT46 347× 103 N/m2 JATROPHA 423× 103 N/m2 Graph 6.3: Comparison of Pressure Distribution 7. CONCLUSION After testing of three oils that is SAE20W40 ,Turbinol XT 46 and Jatropha bio lubricant. we conclude that we got maximum tribological properties for Jatropha bio-oil as compared to XT 46 and 20W40, So it is benifical to use. The main property like biodegradability of a bio oil lubricant that’s why bio oil lubricant is ahead of other bio oils with acts as non pollutant for environment. Jatropha works on low operating temperature generates high torquebutpower loss is high, this is because of high viscosity. Jatropha Biolubricant shows better results for load carrying capacity as that of the 20W40 and Turbinol XT 46 and both theoretical and analytical resultsshowsenhancementinload carrying capacity of the Jatropha bio-lubricant rises with increase in journal speed and eccentricity ratio.Jatrophacan be used as alternative biolubricant for journal bearing because it has biodegradability property and increased load carrying capacity hence can be used as alternative bio- lubricant for journal bearing application. Also jatropha shows the higher pressure distributionthanSAE20W40and Turbinol XT46. REFERENCES 1. Pantelis G. Nikolakopoulos, and Dimitrios A. Bompos. Experimental Measurements of Journal Bearing Friction Using Mineral, Synthetic, and Bio- Based Lubricants 2. Surajkumar Khasbage, Vijay s, Dinesh Dhande. Performance of Jatropha Biolubricant for Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Lubrication. 3. Mr. Anand Kalani1, Mrs. Rita Jani. Comparative study of full journal bearing with bio lubricants – jatropha oil, castor oil, neem oil and mineral oil. 4. Shuangning Xiu n, Abolghasem Shahbazi. Bio-oil production and upgrading research: A review. 5. [3] Yashvir Singh, “Aspects of Non-edible Vegetable oil-Based Bio-lubricants in the Automobile Sector”, Green 2015-0003. 6. [4] A.Imran, et all “Study of friction and wear Characteristics of Jatropha oil blended Lube oil”, Elsevier at Malaysia International Tribology Conference. (2013) 7. [5] M. Shahabuddin, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, M. M. K. Bhuiya, H. Mehat, “Comparative tribological investigation of bio-lubricant formulated fromnon- edible oil source (Jatropha oil)”, Industrial Crops
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of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1500 and Products 7(2013)323-330Rodrigo Nicoletti, “The importance of the heat capacity of lubricants with nanoparticles in the static behavior of journal bearings”, Journal of tribology, October 2014, vol. 136/044502-1. 8. [6] Mustafa Akbulut, “Nanoparticle based lubrication systems”, J. Power Metall Min ISSN:2168-9806 9. [7] Promod Warrie, Amyn Teja, “Effect of particle size on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing metallic nanoparticles”, Nano Research letters (Springer open Journal), 2011, 112, 6:247. 10. H .M. Mobarak, E. Niza Mohamad, H. H. Masjuki,M.A Kalam, K. A. H. Al Mahmud, M. Habibullah, A. M .Ashraful, “The prospects of Biolubricants as alternatives in automotive applications.”Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 33, (2014)34-433.
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